{"pageNumber":"3222","pageRowStart":"80525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184900,"records":[{"id":70220045,"text":"70220045 - 2000 - Endocranial volume of mid-late eocene archaeocetes (order: cetacea) revealed by computed tomography: Implications for cetacean brain evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T12:12:05.160862","indexId":"70220045","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-30T14:54:03","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5173,"text":"Journal of Mammalian Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Endocranial volume of mid-late eocene archaeocetes (order: cetacea) revealed by computed tomography: Implications for cetacean brain evolution","docAbstract":"

The large brain of modern cetaceans has engendered much hypothesizing about both the intelligence of cetaceans (dolphins, whales, and porpoises) and the factors related to the evolution of such large brains. Despite much interest in cetacean brain evolution, until recently there have been few estimates of brain mass and/or brain–body weight ratios in fossil cetaceans. In the present study, computed tomography (CT) was used to visualize and estimate endocranial volume, as well as to calculate level of encephalization, for two fully aquatic mid-late Eocene archaeocete species, Dorudon atrox and Zygorhiza kochii. The specific objective was to address more accurately and more conclusively the question of whether relative brain size in fully aquatic archaeocetes was greater than that of their hypothesized sister taxon Mesonychia. The findings suggest that there was no increase in encephalization between Mesonychia and these archaeocete species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1009417831601","usgsCitation":"Marino, L., Uhen, M.D., Frohlich, B., Aldag, J.M., Blane, C., Bohaska, D., and Whitmore, F., 2000, Endocranial volume of mid-late eocene archaeocetes (order: cetacea) revealed by computed tomography: Implications for cetacean brain evolution: Journal of Mammalian Evolution, v. 7, p. 81-94, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009417831601.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"94","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/evobio/3","text":"External Repository"},{"id":385181,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marino, Lori","contributorId":257515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marino","given":"Lori","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uhen, Mark D.","contributorId":171936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uhen","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12909,"text":"George Mason University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frohlich, Bruno","contributorId":113245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frohlich","given":"Bruno","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldag, John Matthew","contributorId":257516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aldag","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blane, Caroline","contributorId":257517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blane","given":"Caroline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohaska, David","contributorId":257518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohaska","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whitmore, F.C. Jr.","contributorId":16895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitmore","given":"F.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70185735,"text":"70185735 - 2000 - Ground truth; in-situ properties of hydrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T12:45:59","indexId":"70185735","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground truth; in-situ properties of hydrate","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Systems and Continental Margins, Natural gas hydrate in oceanic permafrost environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"language":"English","issn":"1384-6434","isbn":"0-7912-6609-9","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, D.S., Collett, T.S., Hyndman, R.D., and Max, M.D., 2000, Ground truth; in-situ properties of hydrate, in Coastal Systems and Continental Margins, Natural gas hydrate in oceanic permafrost environments, v. 5, p. 295-310.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"310","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7632e4b0ee37af29e4ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, David S.","contributorId":96133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hyndman, Roy D.","contributorId":26031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Max, Michael D.","contributorId":62145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Max","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210582,"text":"70210582 - 2000 - Compilation principles and the main units of the legend of the geodynamic map of North and Central Asia, Russian Southern Far East, Korea and Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-12T15:37:55.86476","indexId":"70210582","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-10T13:32:27","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1798,"text":"Geology of the Pacific Ocean","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compilation principles and the main units of the legend of the geodynamic map of North and Central Asia, Russian Southern Far East, Korea and Japan","docAbstract":"

A map at 1:5,000,000, covering the territories of Eastern and Southern Siberia, Mongolia, Northeast China and the southern part of the Russian Far East, Korea and Japan, is being compiled within the scope of the International Scientific Project on Tectonics, Geodynamics and Metallogeny. The principles and content of terrane analysis serving as a basis for the map are discussed in the article and definitions are given for key concepts: craton, terrane, accretion, amalgamation, dispersion, etc. The content of the terranes of different types shown on the map, overlapping and \"suturing\" together their formations, which are classified on the basis of the actualism principle, is set forth. The possibility of discriminating terranes in the Early Precambrian basement of cratons is discussed.

","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Parfenov, L.M., Nokleberg, W.J., and Khanchuk, A.I., 2000, Compilation principles and the main units of the legend of the geodynamic map of North and Central Asia, Russian Southern Far East, Korea and Japan: Geology of the Pacific Ocean, v. 15, no. 3, p. 463-482.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"482","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia","state":"Siberia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 110.390625,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n 172.6171875,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n 172.6171875,\n 72.18180355624855\n ],\n [\n 110.390625,\n 72.18180355624855\n ],\n [\n 110.390625,\n 30.751277776257812\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parfenov, Leonid M.","contributorId":59112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parfenov","given":"Leonid","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Khanchuk, Alexander I.","contributorId":19585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanchuk","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073649,"text":"70073649 - 2000 - New eyes in the sky measure glaciers and ice sheets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-20T11:44:14","indexId":"70073649","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T11:18:35","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New eyes in the sky measure glaciers and ice sheets","docAbstract":"The mapping and measurement of glaciers and their changes are useful in predicting sea-level and regional water supply, studying hazards and climate change [Haeberli et al., 1998],and in the hydropower industry Existing inventories cover only about 67,000 of the world's estimated 160,000 glaciers and are based on data collected over 50 years or more [e.g.,Haeberli et al., 1998]. The data available have proven that small ice bodies are disappearing at an accelerating rate and that the Antarctic ice sheet and its fringing ice shelves are undergoing unexpected, rapid change. According to many glaciologists, much larger fluctuations in land ice—with vast implications for society—are possible in the coming decades and centuries due to natural and anthropogenic climate change [Oppenheimer, 1998].","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/00EO00187","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H., Kargel, J.S., Barry, R.G., Bindschadler, R., Bishop, M.P., MacKinnon, D., Ohmura, A., Raup, B., Antoninetti, M., Bamber, J., Braun, M., Brown, I., Cohen, D., Copland, L., DueHagen, J., Engeset, R.V., Fitzharris, B., Fujita, K., Haeberli, W., Hagen, J.O., Hall, D., Hoelzle, M., Johansson, M., Kaab, A., Koenig, M., Konovalov, V., Maisch, M., Paul, F., Rau, F., Reeh, N., Rignot, E., Rivera, A., De Ruyter de Wildt, M., Scambos, T., Schaper, J., Scharfen, G., Shroder, J., Solomina, O., Thompson, D., van der Veen, K., Wohlleben, T., and 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Biogeochemical mass balance assessments of calcium status in southeastern forests indicate that losses through harvesting and soil leaching often exceed inputs from atmospheric deposition and weathering. Many forest soils of the southeastern United States are particularly sensitive because these soils and the underlying saprolite from which these soils are derived are largely depleted of weatherable calcium. At most of the intensively studied sites in the southeastern United States, it is estimated that calcium depletion has already reduced or will likely reduce exchangeable soil calcium reserves to less than the estimated requirement for a merchantable forest stand in 150 years or less. At most sites, calcium uptake into merchantable wood equals or exceeds soil leaching losses. Chronic atmospheric deposition of sulfate and nitrate and declining atmospheric deposition of calcium are likely to accelerate calcium depletion. The southeastern U.S. regional distribution of soil calcium pools and calcium fluxes (deposition and uptake in merchantable wood) indicates that the depletion status of the intensively studied sites is representative of a substantially larger area. Where weathering inputs are insufficient to replace leaching and uptake losses, there is a potential for a regional problem in forest nutrition over the long term.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/1999GB001193","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., 2000, The potential for calcium depletion in forest ecosystems of southeastern United States: Review and analysis: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 14, no. 2, p. 623-638, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001193.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"638","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gb001193","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.55859375,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -66.357421875,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -66.357421875,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -97.55859375,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -97.55859375,\n 30.44867367928756\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70068735,"text":"70068735 - 2000 - Industrial minerals 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T10:16:15","indexId":"70068735","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T10:10:57","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Industrial minerals 1999","docAbstract":"A special section on the state of industrial minerals in 1999, including statistics on imports, exports, and production, is presented.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Barsotti, A.F., and Morse, D.E., 2000, Industrial minerals 1999: Mining Engineering, v. 52, no. 6, p. 21-27.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"52","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd626be4b0b290850fe29d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barsotti, Aldo F.","contributorId":37637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barsotti","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morse, David E.","contributorId":12362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24006,"text":"ofr99556 - 2000 - Giant porphyry-related metal camps of the world— A database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-27T18:28:52.418595","indexId":"ofr99556","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-556","title":"Giant porphyry-related metal camps of the world— A database","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99556","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Mutschler, F.E., Ludington, S., and Bookstrom, A.A., 2000, Giant porphyry-related metal camps of the world— A database (Online version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-556, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99556.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13511,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-556/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388602,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92032.htm"}],"edition":"Online version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mutschler, Felix E.","contributorId":79893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mutschler","given":"Felix","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5560,"text":"fs03800 - 2000 - Map scales","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5560,"text":"fs03800 - 2000 - Map scales","indexId":"fs03800","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Map scales"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":32930,"text":"fs01502 - 2002 - Map Scales","indexId":"fs01502","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Map Scales"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":32930,"text":"fs01502 - 2002 - Map Scales","indexId":"fs01502","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Map Scales"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-03T08:43:51","indexId":"fs03800","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"038-00","title":"Map scales","docAbstract":"To be most useful, a map must show\nlocations and distances accurately on a\nsheet of paper of convenient size. This\nmeans that all things included in the\nmap-ground area, rivers, lakes, roads,\ndistances between features, and so on must\nbe shown proportionately smaller\nthan they really are. The proportion\nchosen for a particular map is its scale.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs03800","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, Map scales (Retired Edition): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 038-00, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03800.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs03800.jpg"},{"id":285366,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0038-00/report.pdf"}],"edition":"Retired Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db65874e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5330,"text":"fs03700 - 2000 - U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5330,"text":"fs03700 - 2000 - U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information","indexId":"fs03700","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":53167,"text":"fs05503 - 2003 - U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information","indexId":"fs05503","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":53167,"text":"fs05503 - 2003 - U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information","indexId":"fs05503","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information"},"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T09:07:24","indexId":"fs03700","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"037-00","title":"U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) invites you to explore an earth science virtual library of digital information, publications, and data. The USGS World Wide Web sites offer an array of information that reflects scientific research and monitoring programs conducted in the areas of natural hazards, environmental resources, and cartog-raphy. This list provides gateways to access a cross section of the digital information on the USGS World Wide Web sites.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs03700","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web Information (Superseded by FS 033-01 & FS 055-03): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 037-00, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03700.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs03700.jpg"},{"id":13242,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285365,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0037-00/report.pdf"}],"edition":"Superseded by FS 033-01 & FS 055-03","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e57a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5296,"text":"fs04000 - 2000 - US GeoData Digital Elevation Models","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5295,"text":"fs10296 - 1997 - US GeoData digital elevation models","indexId":"fs10296","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"US GeoData digital elevation models"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5296,"text":"fs04000 - 2000 - US GeoData Digital Elevation Models","indexId":"fs04000","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"US GeoData Digital Elevation Models"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-16T17:16:05","indexId":"fs04000","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"040-00","title":"US GeoData Digital Elevation Models","docAbstract":"Digital elevation model (DEM) data are arrays of regularly spaced elevation values referenced horizontally either to a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection or to a geographic coordinate system. The grid cells are spaced at regular intervals along south to north profiles that are ordered from west to east. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) produces five primary types of elevation data: 7.5-minute DEM, 30-minute DEM, 1-degree DEM, 7.5-minute Alaska DEM, and 15-minute Alaska DEM.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs04000","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, US GeoData Digital Elevation Models: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 040-00, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04000.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0040/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31995,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611ae2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5219,"text":"fs05300 - 2000 - The potential for denitrification of ground water by coastal plain sediments in the Patuxent River Basin, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-20T20:39:38.330964","indexId":"fs05300","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"053-00","title":"The potential for denitrification of ground water by coastal plain sediments in the Patuxent River Basin, Maryland","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs05300","usgsCitation":"Bachman, L.J., and Krantz, D.E., 2000, The potential for denitrification of ground water by coastal plain sediments in the Patuxent River Basin, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 053-00, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05300.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_053_00.jpg"},{"id":404161,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26851.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":96,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs05300/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.2,\n 39.312\n ],\n [\n -76.329,\n 39.312\n ],\n [\n -76.329,\n 38.2\n ],\n [\n -77.2,\n 38.2\n ],\n [\n -77.2,\n 39.312\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a71e4b07f02db641da6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachman, L. Joseph","contributorId":33304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krantz, David E.","contributorId":9238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6850,"text":"fs01200 - 2000 - Naturally occurring radionuclides in the ground water of southeastern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-13T10:34:04","indexId":"fs01200","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"012-00","title":"Naturally occurring radionuclides in the ground water of southeastern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"

Naturally occurring radionuclides in the ground water of southeastern Pennsylvania may pose a health hazard to some residents, especially those drinking water from wells drilled in the Chickies Quartzite. Water from 46 percent of wells sampled in the Chickies Quartzite and 7 percent of wells sampled in other geologic formations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) for total radium. Radon-222 may pose a health problem for homeowners by contributing to indoor air radon-222 levels. The radon-222 activity of water from 89 percent of sampled wells exceeded 300 pCi/L (picocuries per liter), the proposed USEPA MCL, and water from 16 percent of sampled wells exceeded 4,000 pCi/L. Uranium does not appear to be present in elevated concentrations in ground water in southeastern Pennsylvania.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs01200","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., 2000, Naturally occurring radionuclides in the ground water of southeastern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 012-00, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01200.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0012/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":34173,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0012/fs20000012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2000-0012"},{"id":348166,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0012/","text":"Report HTML","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"GS 2000-0012"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 39.715638134796336\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 39.715638134796336\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 40.83043687764923\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 40.83043687764923\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 39.715638134796336\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69806a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023199,"text":"70023199 - 2000 - Comparison of phase velocities from array measurements of Rayleigh waves associated with microtremor and results calculated from borehole shear-wave velocity profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T15:09:17","indexId":"70023199","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of phase velocities from array measurements of Rayleigh waves associated with microtremor and results calculated from borehole shear-wave velocity profiles","docAbstract":"Shear-wave velocities (VS) are widely used for earthquake ground-motion site characterization. VS data are now largely obtained using borehole methods. Drilling holes, however, is expensive. Nonintrusive surface methods are inexpensive for obtaining VS information, but not many comparisons with direct borehole measurements have been published. Because different assumptions are used in data interpretation of each surface method and public safety is involved in site characterization for engineering structures, it is important to validate the surface methods by additional comparisons with borehole measurements. We compare results obtained from a particular surface method (array measurement of surface waves associated with microtremor) with results obtained from borehole methods. Using a 10-element nested-triangular array of 100-m aperture, we measured surface-wave phase velocities at two California sites, Garner Valley near Hemet and Hollister Municipal Airport. The Garner Valley site is located at an ancient lake bed where water-saturated sediment overlies decomposed granite on top of granite bedrock. Our array was deployed at a location where seismic velocities had been determined to a depth of 500 m by borehole methods. At Hollister, where the near-surface sediment consists of clay, sand, and gravel, we determined phase velocities using an array located close to a 60-m deep borehole where downhole velocity logs already exist. Because we want to assess the measurements uncomplicated by uncertainties introduced by the inversion process, we compare our phase-velocity results with the borehole VS depth profile by calculating fundamental-mode Rayleigh-wave phase velocities from an earth model constructed from the borehole data. For wavelengths less than ~2 times of the array aperture at Garner Valley, phase-velocity results from array measurements agree with the calculated Rayleigh-wave velocities to better than 11%. Measurement errors become larger for wavelengths 2 times greater than the array aperture. At Hollister, the measured phase velocity at 3.9 Hz (near the upper edge of the microtremor frequency band) is within 20% of the calculated Rayleigh-wave velocity. Because shear-wave velocity is the predominant factor controlling Rayleigh-wave phase velocities, the comparisons suggest that this nonintrusive method can provide VS information adequate for ground-motion estimation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0119980186","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Liu, H., Boore, D.M., Joyner, W.B., Oppenheimer, D.H., Warrick, R.E., Zhang, W., Hamilton, J.C., and Brown, L.T., 2000, Comparison of phase velocities from array measurements of Rayleigh waves associated with microtremor and results calculated from borehole shear-wave velocity profiles: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 3, p. 666-678, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119980186.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"666","endPage":"678","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281345,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0119980186"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hemet;Hollister","otherGeospatial":"Garner Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.709005,33.62999 ], [ -116.709005,33.677531 ], [ -116.646886,33.677531 ], [ -116.646886,33.62999 ], [ -116.709005,33.62999 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"90","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f880e4b0c8380cd4d148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Hsi-Ping","contributorId":82705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Hsi-Ping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joyner, William B.","contributorId":39786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oppenheimer, David H. oppen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"David","email":"oppen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warrick, Richard E.","contributorId":56228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Wenbo","contributorId":54235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Wenbo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hamilton, John C. jhamilton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"John","email":"jhamilton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":396807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, Leo T.","contributorId":75727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Leo","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":29308,"text":"wri994061 - 2000 - Hydrogeology and the distribution of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system, Palm Beach County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri994061","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4061","title":"Hydrogeology and the distribution of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system, Palm Beach County, Florida","docAbstract":"The virtually untapped Floridan aquifer system is considered to be a supplemental source of water for public use in the highly populated coastal area of Palm Beach County. A recent study was conducted to delineate the distribution of salinity in relation to the local hydrogeology and assess the potential processes that might control (or have affected) the distribution of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system. The Floridan aquifer system in the study area consists of the Upper Floridan aquifer, middle confining unit, and Lower Floridan aquifer and ranges in age from Paleocene to Oligocene. Included at its top is part of a lowermost Hawthorn Group unit referred to as the basal Hawthorn unit. The thickness of this basal unit is variable, ranging from about 30 to 355 feet; areas where this unit is thick were paleotopographic lows during deposition of the unit. The uppermost permeable zones in the Upper Floridan aquifer occur in close association with an unconformity at the base of the Hawthorn Group; however, the highest of these zones can be up in the basal unit. A dolomite unit of Eocene age generally marks the top of the Lower Floridan aquifer, but the top of this dolomite unit has a considerable altitude range: from about 1,200 to 2,300 feet below sea level. Additionally, where the dolomite unit is thick, its top is high and the middle confining unit of the Floridan aquifer system, as normally defined, probably is not present. An upper zone of brackish water and a lower zone of water with salinity similar to that of seawater (saline-water zone) are present in the Floridan aquifer system. The brackish-water and saline-water zones are separated by a transition zone (typically 100 to 200 feet thick) in which salinity rapidly increases with depth. The transition zone was defined by using a salinity of 10,000 mg/L (milligrams per liter) of dissolved-solids concentration (about 5,240 mg/L of chloride concentration) at its top and 35,000 mg/L of dissolved-solids concentration (about 18,900 mg/L of chloride concentration) at its base. The base of the brackish-water zone and the top of the saline-water zone were approximately determined mostly by means of resistivity geophysical logs. The base of the brackish-water zone in the study area ranges from about 1,600 feet below sea level near the coast to almost 2,200 feet below sea level in extreme southwestern Palm Beach County. In an area that is peripheral to Lake Okeechobee, the boundary unexpectedly rises to perhaps as shallow as 1,800 feet below sea level. In an upper interval of the brackish-water zone within the Upper Floridan aquifer, chloride concentration of water ranges from 490 to 8,000 mg/L. Chloride concentration correlates with the altitude of the basal contact of the Hawthorn Group, with concentration increasing as the altitude of this contact decreases. Several areas of anomalous salinity where chloride concentration in this upper interval is greater than 3,000 mg/L occur near the coast. In most of these areas, salinity was found to decrease with depth from the upper interval to a lower interval within the brackish-water zone: a reversal of the normal salinity trend within the zone. These areas are also characterized by an anomalously low altitude of the base of the brackish-water zone, and a much greater thickness of the transition zone than normal. These anomalies could be the result of seawater preferentially invading zones of higher permeability in the Upper Floridan aquifer during Pleistocene high stands of sea level and incomplete flushing of this high salinity water by the present-day flow system. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri994061","usgsCitation":"Reese, R., and Memberg, S., 2000, Hydrogeology and the distribution of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system, Palm Beach County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4061, iv, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994061.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2278,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994061","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625312","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reese, R.S.","contributorId":17644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Memberg, S.J.","contributorId":93947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Memberg","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4862,"text":"ds60 - 2000 - U.S. Geological Survey world petroleum assessment 2000: Description and results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T19:15:10.67101","indexId":"ds60","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60","title":"U.S. Geological Survey world petroleum assessment 2000: Description and results","docAbstract":"The set of 4 CD-ROM discs, documents the U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000 and includes estimates of the quantities of conventional oil, gas, and natural gas liquids outside the United States that have the potential to be added to reserves in the next 30 years (1995 to 2025). Two components, undiscovered resources and reserve growth, are estimated. One hundred and forty nine total petroleum systems and two hundred and forty six assessment units (subdivisions of total petroleum systems) were assessed. The supporting maps, data, text and tables produced by the World Energy Assessment Team during this five-year project (1995-2000) are included in the set.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds60","usgsCitation":"USGS World Energy Assessment Team, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey world petroleum assessment 2000: Description and results (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 60, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds60.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11253,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403212,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27395.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612ed7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"USGS World Energy Assessment Team","contributorId":128198,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"USGS World Energy Assessment Team","id":528390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156519,"text":"70156519 - 2000 - A comparison of the IGBP DISCover and University of Maryland 1 km global land cover products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-24T11:49:51","indexId":"70156519","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of the IGBP DISCover and University of Maryland 1 km global land cover products","docAbstract":"

Two global 1 km land cover data sets derived from 1992-1993 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data are currently available, the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBP-DIS) DISCover and the University of Maryland (UMd) 1 km land cover maps. This paper makes a preliminary comparison of the methodologies and results of the two products. The DISCover methodology employed an unsupervised clustering classification scheme on a per-continent basis using 12 monthly maximum NDVI composites as inputs. The UMd approach employed a supervised classification tree method in which temporal metrics derived from all AVHRR bands and the NDVI were used to predict class membership across the entire globe. The DISCover map uses the IGBP classification scheme, while the UMd map employs a modified IGBP scheme minus the classes of permanent wetlands, cropland/natural vegetation mosaic and ice and snow. Global area totals of aggregated vegetation types are very similar and have a per-pixel agreement of 74%. For tall versus short/no vegetation, the per-pixel agreement is 84%. For broad vegetation types, core areas map similarly, while transition zones around core areas differ significantly. This results in high regional variability between the maps. Individual class agreement between the two 1 km maps is 49%. Comparison of the maps at a nominal 0.5 resolution with two global ground-based maps shows an improvement of thematic concurrency of 46% when viewing average class agreement. The absence of the cropland mosaic class creates a difficulty in comparing the maps, due to its significant extent in the DISCover map. The DISCover map, in general, has more forest, while the UMd map has considerably more area in the intermediate tree cover classes of woody savanna/ woodland and savanna/wooded grassland.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/014311600210218","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M., and Reed, B., 2000, A comparison of the IGBP DISCover and University of Maryland 1 km global land cover products: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 21, no. 6-7, p. 1365-1373, https://doi.org/10.1080/014311600210218.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1365","endPage":"1373","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc4028e4b0518e354d10cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, M.C.","contributorId":69690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33433,"text":"University of Maryland, College Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, B.","contributorId":62352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5606,"text":"fs06300 - 2000 - Arsenic in Ground-Water Resources of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-18T11:21:02.344141","indexId":"fs06300","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"063-00","title":"Arsenic in Ground-Water Resources of the United States","docAbstract":"Arsenic is a naturally occurring element in rocks, soils, and the waters in contact with them. Recognized as a toxic element for centuries, arsenic today also is a human health concern because it can contribute to skin, bladder, and other cancers (National Research Council, 1999). Recently, the National Research Council (1999) recommended lowering the current maximum contaminant level (MCL) allowed for arsenic in drinking water of 50 ?g/L (micrograms per liter), citing risks for developing bladder and other cancers. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) will propose a new, and likely lower, arsenic MCL during 2000 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000). This fact sheet provides information on where and to what extent natural concentrations of arsenic in ground water exceed possible new standards.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has collected and analyzed arsenic in potable (drinkable) water from 18,850 wells in 595 counties across the United States during the past two decades. These wells are used for irrigation, industrial purposes, and research, as well as for public and private water supply. Arsenic concentrations in samples from these wells are similar to those found in nearby public supplies (see Focazio and others, 1999). The large number of samples, broad geographic coverage, and consistency of methods produce a more accurate and detailed picture of arsenic concentrations than provided by any previous studies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs06300","usgsCitation":"Welch, A., Watkins, S.A., Helsel, D., and Focazio, M.J., 2000, Arsenic in Ground-Water Resources of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 063-00, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs06300.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_063_00.bmp"},{"id":11664,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/fs063-00/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672d5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watkins, Sharon A.","contributorId":93880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":151287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5038,"text":"fs04700 - 2000 - Revision of Primary Series Maps","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5292,"text":"fs12495 - 1996 - US GeoData available through the Internet","indexId":"fs12495","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"US GeoData available through the Internet"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5038,"text":"fs04700 - 2000 - Revision of Primary Series Maps","indexId":"fs04700","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Revision of Primary Series Maps"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-16T17:16:05","indexId":"fs04700","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"047-00","title":"Revision of Primary Series Maps","docAbstract":"In 1992, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a 50-year effort to provide primary series map coverage of the United States. Many of these maps now need to be updated to reflect the construction of new roads and highways and other changes that have taken place over time. The USGS has formulated a graphic revision plan to help keep the primary series maps current.\r\n\r\nPrimary series maps include 1:20,000-scale quadrangles of Puerto Rico, 1:24,000- or 1:25,000-scale quadrangles of the conterminous United States, Hawaii, and U.S. Territories, and 1:63,360-scale quadrangles of Alaska.\r\n\r\nThe revision of primary series maps from new collection sources is accomplished using a variety of processes. The raster revision process combines the scanned content of paper maps with raster updating technologies. The vector revision process involves the automated plotting of updated vector files. Traditional processes use analog stereoplotters and manual scribing instruments on specially coated map separates. The ability to select from or combine these processes increases the efficiency of the National Mapping Division map revision program.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs04700","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, Revision of Primary Series Maps: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 047-00, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04700.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31865,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611d07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159365,"text":"70159365 - 2000 - Use of Argon, Corona, and Landsat imagery to assess 30 years of land resource changes in west-central Senegal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-23T09:02:39","indexId":"70159365","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of Argon, Corona, and Landsat imagery to assess 30 years of land resource changes in west-central Senegal","docAbstract":"

Over the past 35 years, an agricultural area of west-central Senegal has experienced rapid population growth, fast expansion of agricultural lands, a decline in rainfall, and degradation of vegetative and soil resources. Although such changes have not escaped the attention of Senegal's people, its government, and the scientific community the ability to monitor and quantify land resource trends of recent decades has been difficult. Recently available high-resolution satellite photographs from the American Argon and Corona Programs provide coverage of Senegal back to 1963. The photographs make it possible to study and map land resources at the beginning of the Space Age. In this study, we characterize the changes that have occurred in the region from the early 1960s to the mid-1 990s. Early Argon and Corona photographs are used to reconstruct the historical land use and land cover; comparisons are made with assessments from recent Landsat images. Field studies and aerial surveys provide additional insight. The forces of change, driven primarily by population growth and unsustainable agricultural practices, are examined

","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Tappan, G.G., Hadj, A., Wood, E.C., and Lietzow, R.W., 2000, Use of Argon, Corona, and Landsat imagery to assess 30 years of land resource changes in west-central Senegal: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 66, no. 6, p. 727-735.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"735","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/Photogrammetric-Engineering-and-Remote-Sensing/PE-RS-Archive-Search-2009-and-earlier.html"}],"volume":"66","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562b5a38e4b00162522207f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tappan, G. Gray 0000-0002-2240-6963 tappan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-6963","contributorId":3624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappan","given":"G.","email":"tappan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Gray","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hadj, Amadou","contributorId":149386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hadj","given":"Amadou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Eric C. woodec@usgs.gov","contributorId":3164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Eric","email":"woodec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lietzow, Ronald W. lietzow@usgs.gov","contributorId":4194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietzow","given":"Ronald","email":"lietzow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":578239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22761,"text":"ofr99452 - 2000 - Evaluation of geophysical logs and slug tests, phase II, at AIW Frank/Mid-County Mustang Superfund Site, Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-10T08:19:17","indexId":"ofr99452","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-452","title":"Evaluation of geophysical logs and slug tests, phase II, at AIW Frank/Mid-County Mustang Superfund Site, Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Between September 1997 and October 1998, nine monitor wells were drilled at the AIW Frank/Mid-County Mustang Superfund Site in Chester County, Pa., to determine the horizontal and vertical distribution of contaminated ground water migrating from known contaminant sources. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted borehole geophysical logging and borehole television surveys in these boreholes to identify water-producing zones so that appropriate intervals could be screened in each borehole. Caliper logs and borehole television surveys were used to locate fractures; inflections on fluid-temperature and fluid-resistivity logs were used to locate possible water-bearing fractures, and heatpulseflowmeter measurements verified these locations. The borehole television surveys indicated that locally, the rocks of the Conestoga Limestone and Ledger Dolomite that underlie the site strike generally from northeast-southwest to east-west and dip steeply to the southeast and south approximately 63? to 76?. Slug tests were conducted at six boreholes to estimate transmissivity. Transmissivity from slug tests ranged from 21 feet squared per day in borehole CH-5669 to greater than 12,000 feet squared per day in boreholes CH-5665 and CH-5667. After interpretation of geophysical logs, borehole television surveys, and driller's logs, all boreholes were screened such that water-level fluctuations could be monitored and discrete water samples collected from one or more water-producing zones in each borehole.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99452","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Conger, R., Goode, D., and Sloto, R., 2000, Evaluation of geophysical logs and slug tests, phase II, at AIW Frank/Mid-County Mustang Superfund Site, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-452, v, 28 p. :ill., col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99452.","productDescription":"v, 28 p. :ill., col. map ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_99_452.jpg"},{"id":13688,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0452/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fae18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conger, R.W.","contributorId":16046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goode, D.J. 0000-0002-8527-2456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":95512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sloto, R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23677,"text":"ofr0079 - 2000 - Hydrologic and water-quality data for ground water along the Milk River Valley, north-central to northeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:18","indexId":"ofr0079","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-79","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality data for ground water along the Milk River Valley, north-central to northeastern Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr0079","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lawlor, S.M., 2000, Hydrologic and water-quality data for ground water along the Milk River Valley, north-central to northeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-79, iv, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0079.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0079/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19477,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0079/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52933,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0079/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db61173f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawlor, Sean M. 0000-0001-5988-7548 slawlor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5988-7548","contributorId":1895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawlor","given":"Sean","email":"slawlor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6593,"text":"fs03900 - 2000 - Digital orthophoto quadrangles","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6593,"text":"fs03900 - 2000 - Digital orthophoto quadrangles","indexId":"fs03900","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Digital orthophoto quadrangles"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":50328,"text":"fs05701 - 2001 - USGS GeoData Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles","indexId":"fs05701","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"USGS GeoData Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":50328,"text":"fs05701 - 2001 - USGS GeoData Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles","indexId":"fs05701","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"USGS GeoData Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-10T21:18:22.268101","indexId":"fs03900","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"039-00","title":"Digital orthophoto quadrangles","docAbstract":"

A digital orthophoto quadrangle (DOQ) is a computer-generated image of an aerial photograph in which image displacement caused by terrain relief and camera tilts has been removed. It combines the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs03900","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, Digital orthophoto quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 039-00, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03900.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":464536,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65ab86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4866,"text":"ds57 - 2000 - Stratigraphic framework of Lower and Upper Cretaceous rocks in central and eastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T14:10:57","indexId":"ds57","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57","title":"Stratigraphic framework of Lower and Upper Cretaceous rocks in central and eastern Montana","docAbstract":"This study shows the lithology, thickness, distribution, and correlation of Lower and Upper Cretaceous rocks in central and eastern Montana. The described stratigraphic units range from the Aptian Kootenai Formation (oldest) to the Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation (youngest). An included text report describes the units, and most formations or members are also represented by isopach maps. Structure contour maps of three horizons are also included. Correlations across the study area are shown on a series of cross sections. All text and illustrations are included as Adobe PDF files.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds57","isbn":"0607940220","usgsCitation":"Condon, S.M., 2000, Stratigraphic framework of Lower and Upper Cretaceous rocks in central and eastern Montana (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 57, 1 computer optical disc , https://doi.org/10.3133/ds57.","productDescription":"1 computer optical disc ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":596,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26889.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110082,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26889.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"26889"}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.5,46 ], [ -111.5,49 ], [ -104.25,49 ], [ -104.25,46 ], [ -111.5,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aece8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Condon, Steven M.","contributorId":95464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5577,"text":"fs05700 - 2000 - Is seawater intrusion affecting ground water on Lopez Island, Washington?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T17:34:17","indexId":"fs05700","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"057-00","title":"Is seawater intrusion affecting ground water on Lopez Island, Washington?","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs05700","usgsCitation":"2000, Is seawater intrusion affecting ground water on Lopez Island, Washington?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 057-00, 1 folded sheet ([8] p.) : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05700.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet ([8] p.) : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":32102,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0057/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":332,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-057-00/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0057/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66720c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lyles, James R.","contributorId":88722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyles","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749229,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185224,"text":"70185224 - 2000 - In-situ growth of calcite at Devils Hole, Nevada--Comparison of field and laboratory rates to a 500,000 year record of near-equilibrium calcite growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:06:13","indexId":"70185224","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In-situ growth of calcite at Devils Hole, Nevada--Comparison of field and laboratory rates to a 500,000 year record of near-equilibrium calcite growth","docAbstract":"

Calcite grew continuously for 500,000 years on the submerged walls of an open fault plane (Devils Hole) in southern Nevada, U.S.A. at rates of 0.3 to 1.3 mm/ka, but ceased growing approximately 60,000 years ago, even though the fault plane remained open and was continuously submerged. The maximum initial in-situ growth rate on pre-weighed crystals of Iceland spar placed in Devils Hole (calcite saturation index, SI, is 0.16 to 0.21 at 33.7 °C) for growth periods of 0.75 to 4.5 years was 0.22 mm/ka. Calcite growth on seed crystals slowed or ceased following initial contact with Devils Hole groundwater. Growth rates measured in synthetic Ca-HCO3 solutions at 34 °C, CO2 partial pressures of 0.101, 0.0156 (similar to Devils Hole groundwater) and 0.00102 atm, and SI values of 0.2 to 1.9 were nearly independent of PCO2, decreased with decreasing saturation state, and extrapolated through the historical Devils Hole rate. The results show that calcite growth rate is highly sensitive to saturation state near equilibrium. A calcite crystal retrieved from Devils Hole, and used without further treatment of its surface, grew in synthetic Devils Hole groundwater when the saturation index was raised nearly 10-fold that of Devils Hole water, but the rate was only 1/4 that of fresh laboratory crystals that had not contacted Devils Hole water. Apparently, inhibiting processes that halted calcite growth in Devils Hole 60,000 years ago continue today.

","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1009627710476","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., and Riggs, A.C., 2000, In-situ growth of calcite at Devils Hole, Nevada--Comparison of field and laboratory rates to a 500,000 year record of near-equilibrium calcite growth: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 6, no. 2, p. 257-274, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009627710476.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"274","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba421e4b0849ce97dc782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riggs, Alan C. ariggs@usgs.gov","contributorId":149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"Alan","email":"ariggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":684785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}