A widening variety of applications is diversifying geomorphometry (digital terrain modelling), the quantitative study of topography. An amalgam of earth science, mathematics, engineering and computer science, the discipline has been revolutionized by the computer manipulation of gridded terrain heights, or digital elevation models (DEMs). Its rapid expansion continues. This article reviews the remarkable diversity of recent morphometric work in 15 selected topics and discusses their significance and prospects. The quantitative analysis of industrial microsurface topography is introduced to the earth science community. The 14 other topics are Internet access to geomorphometry; global DEMs; DEM modelling of channel networks; self-organized criticality; fractal and wavelet analysis; soil resources; landslide hazards; barchan dunes; harvesting wind energy; sea-ice surfaces; sea-floor abyssal hills; Japanese work in morphometry; and the emerging fields of landscape ecology and image understanding. Closing remarks note reasons for the diversity within geomorphometry, speculate on future trends and recommend creating a unified field of surface representation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage","doi":"10.1177/030913330002400101","usgsCitation":"Pike, R.J., 2000, Geomorphometry-Diversity in quantitative surface analysis: Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, v. 24, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1177/030913330002400101.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, Richard J. rpike@usgs.gov","contributorId":5753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"Richard","email":"rpike@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":872639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70243662,"text":"70243662 - 2000 - Monitoring beach morphology changes using small-format aerial photography and digital softcopy photogrammetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T15:41:23.454614","indexId":"70243662","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T11:22:49","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1541,"text":"Environmental Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring beach morphology changes using small-format aerial photography and digital softcopy photogrammetry","docAbstract":"Current methods of monitoring beach morphology changes commonly involve the establishment of Global Positioning System profiles that are surveyed on a regular basis. Although this method produces precise measurements of coastal topography, it is costly in time and effort and may result in large data gaps between profiles. Much of our understanding of coastal dynamics is thus limited by profile spacing and survey frequency. Softcopy photogrammetry is increasingly being used as an alternative to assess shoreline change and study beach morphodynamics. This method of producing three-dimensional topographic models and orthophotographs from digitized aerial photography can aid in filling in the gaps between established profiles. A limiting factor to this technology is the cost of obtaining high-resolution aerial photography.
We have developed an aerial mapping system designed to collect data in an efficient and cost-effective way. We use a small-format aerial photography system that can be mounted on a variety of small aircraft on short notice. After a flight, the photographs are scanned, and softcopy photogrammetry software is used to create both DTMs (Digital Terrain Models) and orthophotographs. The DTMs can be compared with existing profiles for accuracy, and volumetric changes can be computed. The orthophotos are used to make precise measurements of the position and morphology of shoreline features. This aerial mapping system is advantageous over previous methods of beach morphology change monitoring because it allows for rapid response to storm events and provides a cost-effective method of establishing a continual monitoring program in erosion hazard areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-0984.2000.71001.x","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C., and Richmond, B.M., 2000, Monitoring beach morphology changes using small-format aerial photography and digital softcopy photogrammetry: Environmental Geosciences, v. 7, no. 1, p. 32-37, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-0984.2000.71001.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417101,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":139949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243552,"text":"70243552 - 2000 - Revised age of the Rockland tephra, northern California: Implications for climate and stratigraphic reconstructions in the western United States: Comment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-11T16:49:32.432304","indexId":"70243552","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T11:22:04","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revised age of the Rockland tephra, northern California: Implications for climate and stratigraphic reconstructions in the western United States: Comment","docAbstract":"Lanphere et al. (1999) presented new data for the age of the Rockland pumice tuff breccia of Wilson (1961) using the incremental-heating 40Ar/39Ar technique. Their age, ∼610 ka, is ∼200 ka older than zircon fission-track ages obtained on this tuff by Meyer et al. (1980; 1991). Application of new 40Ar/39Ar technologies to tephrochronometry is an important advance that allows more precise dating of widespread tephra layers. Although the new age may be correct, I urge caution in accepting it in place of grain-discrete fission-track dates and other data that suggest a younger age for this unit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<286:RAOTRT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A., 2000, Revised age of the Rockland tephra, northern California: Implications for climate and stratigraphic reconstructions in the western United States: Comment: Geology, v. 28, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<286:RAOTRT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"286","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Rockland tephra","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.28438210623398,\n 40.58395362170714\n ],\n [\n -121.87446782508354,\n 40.58395362170714\n ],\n [\n -121.87446782508354,\n 40.029169344902755\n ],\n [\n -121.28438210623398,\n 40.029169344902755\n ],\n [\n -121.28438210623398,\n 40.58395362170714\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":296073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58969,"text":"mf2337 - 2000 - Geologic map and map database of parts of Marin, San Francisco, Alameda, Contra Costa, and Sonoma counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T15:41:16","indexId":"mf2337","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2337","title":"Geologic map and map database of parts of Marin, San Francisco, Alameda, Contra Costa, and Sonoma counties, California","docAbstract":"This digital map database, compiled from previously published and unpublished data, and new mapping by the authors, represents the general distribution of bedrock and surficial deposits in the mapped area. Together with the accompanying text file (mageo.txt, mageo.pdf, or mageo.ps), it provides current information on the geologic structure and stratigraphy of the area covered. The database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. The scale of the source maps limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to 1:62,500 or smaller\r\n general distribution of bedrock and surficial deposits in the mapped area. \r\n Together with the accompanying text file (mageo.txt, mageo.pdf, or \r\n mageo.ps), it provides current information on the geologic structure and \r\n stratigraphy of the area covered. The database delineates map units that \r\n are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic \r\n nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. The scale of the source maps \r\n limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to 1:62,500 or\r\n smaller.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2337","usgsCitation":"Blake, M., Jones, D.L., Graymer, R., and digital database by Soule, A., 2000, Geologic map and map database of parts of Marin, San Francisco, Alameda, Contra Costa, and Sonoma counties, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2337, 31 p. and 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2337.","productDescription":"31 p. and 1 sheet","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6016,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2000/2337/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":109909,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23459.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"23459"},{"id":7948,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2000/2337/version_history.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":183053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"75000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.96666666666667,37.75 ], [ -122.96666666666667,38.25 ], [ -122.25,38.25 ], [ -122.25,37.75 ], [ -122.96666666666667,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a493e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blake, M.C. Jr.","contributorId":27094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graymer, R. W.","contributorId":21174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"digital database by Soule, Adam","contributorId":20831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"digital database by Soule","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4427,"text":"cir1195 - 2000 - The U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program in the hydrologic sciences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T17:06:41","indexId":"cir1195","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1195","title":"The U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program in the hydrologic sciences","docAbstract":"The National Research Program (NRP) conducts a wide variety of scientific studies related to hydrology, focusing on long-term investigations. This circular conveys general information about the NRP and highlights a few of the program's research activities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1195","isbn":"0607941820","usgsCitation":"2000, The U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program in the hydrologic sciences: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1195, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1195.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1195.jpg"},{"id":423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6731b0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo mjbaedec@usgs.gov","contributorId":3346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726031,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Linda C.","contributorId":98702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Linda C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726032,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5543,"text":"fs10799 - 2000 - The National Atlas of the United StatesTM maps","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5543,"text":"fs10799 - 2000 - The National Atlas of the United StatesTM maps","indexId":"fs10799","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"The National Atlas of the United StatesTM maps"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":30678,"text":"fs08601 - 2001 - National Atlas of the United States Maps","indexId":"fs08601","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"National Atlas of the United States Maps"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":30678,"text":"fs08601 - 2001 - National Atlas of the United States Maps","indexId":"fs08601","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"National Atlas of the United States Maps"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T08:55:59","indexId":"fs10799","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"107-99","title":"The National Atlas of the United StatesTM maps","docAbstract":"The National Atlas of the United States of\nAmerica™, published by the U.S. Geological\nSurvey (USGS) in 1970, is out of print, but\nmany of its maps can be purchased separately.\nMaps that span facing pages in the atlas are\nprinted on one sheet. Maps dated after 1970\nand before 1997 are either revisions of\noriginal atlas maps or new maps published in\nthe original atlas format.\nThe USGS and its partners in government and\nindustry began work on a new National Atlas\nin 1997. Though most new atlas products are\ndesigned for the World Wide Web, we are\ncontinuing our tradition of printing highquality\nmaps of America. In 1998, the first\ncompletely redesigned maps of the National\nAtlas of the United States™ were published.\nRefer to the USGS Maps Price List for the\nmost recent prices of all USGS maps and the\nUSGS Maps, Books, and Other Published\nProducts Order Form for ordering\ninstructions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs10799","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, The National Atlas of the United StatesTM maps: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 107-99, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10799.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286114,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286113,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0107-99/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b2b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5388,"text":"fs05299 - 2000 - Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:42","indexId":"fs05299","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"052-99","title":"Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs05299","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 052-99, 1 folded page : ill. 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(some col.), col. maps ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_052_99.bmp"},{"id":489,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-052-99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6287,"text":"pp1622 - 2000 - The effects of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater on the geologic framework and the correlation of hydrogeologic units of southeastern Virginia, south of the James River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T08:36:53","indexId":"pp1622","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1622","title":"The effects of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater on the geologic framework and the correlation of hydrogeologic units of southeastern Virginia, south of the James River","docAbstract":"About 35 million years ago, a large comet or meteor slammed into the shallow shelf on the western margin of the Atlantic Ocean, creating the Chesapeake Bay impact crater. This report, the second in a series, refines the geologic framework of southeastern Virginia, south of the James River in and near the impact crater, and presents evidence for the existence of a pre-impact James River structural zone. The report includes detailed correlations of core lithologies with borehole geophysical logs; the correlations provide the foundation for the compilation of stratigraphic cross sections. These cross sections are tied into the geologic framework of the lower York-James Peninsula as presented in the first report in the series, Professional Paper 1612","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/pp1622","usgsCitation":"Powars, D.S., 2000, The effects of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater on the geologic framework and the correlation of hydrogeologic units of southeastern Virginia, south of the James River: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1622, 53 p.; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1622.","productDescription":"53 p.; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1622.jpg"},{"id":33549,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1622/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":714,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/prof/p1622/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110064,"rank":700,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25612.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25612"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":152450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5578,"text":"fs00199 - 2000 - Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"fs00199","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"001-99","title":"Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs00199","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 001-99, 1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. maps ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00199.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. maps ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_001_99.bmp"},{"id":333,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-001-99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b488d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61771,"text":"gq1768 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Urbana quadrangle, Frederick and Montgomery Counties, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-31T21:01:01.699689","indexId":"gq1768","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1768","title":"Geologic map of the Urbana quadrangle, Frederick and Montgomery Counties, Maryland","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gq1768","usgsCitation":"Southworth, S., 2000, Geologic map of the Urbana quadrangle, Frederick and Montgomery Counties, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1768, Report: 13 p.; 1 Plate: 33.00 × 44.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1768.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 1 Plate: 33.00 × 44.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109915,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23523.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"23523"},{"id":89001,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1768/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89000,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1768/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1768/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Frederick County, Montgomery County","otherGeospatial":"Urbana quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.375,39.25 ], [ -77.375,39.375 ], [ -77.25,39.375 ], [ -77.25,39.25 ], [ -77.375,39.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a1b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southworth, Scott","contributorId":93933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":266347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4943,"text":"fs13899 - 2000 - Using OTIS to model solute transport in streams and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T19:19:23","indexId":"fs13899","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"138-99","title":"Using OTIS to model solute transport in streams and rivers","docAbstract":"Solute transport in streams and rivers is governed by a suite of hydrologic and geochemical processes. Knowledge of these processes is needed when assessing the fate of contaminants that are released into surface waters. The study of solute fate and transport often is aided by solute transport models that mathematically describe the underlying processes. This fact sheet describes a model that considers One-Dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS). As shown by several example applications, OTIS may be used in conjunction with field-scale data to quantify hydrologic processes (advection, dispersion, and transient storage) and certain chemical reactions (sorption and first-order decay).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/fs13899","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., 2000, Using OTIS to model solute transport in streams and rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 138-99, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13899.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0138/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31805,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0138-99/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 138-99"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603ccd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185679,"text":"70185679 - 2000 - Evaluation and application of the transient-pulse technique for determining the hydraulic properties of low permeability rocks: Part 2: Experimental application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T18:12:50.387026","indexId":"70185679","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1824,"text":"Geotechnical Testing Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation and application of the transient-pulse technique for determining the hydraulic properties of low permeability rocks: Part 2: Experimental application","docAbstract":"In Part 1 of this study, the general solution to the transient-pulse test (Hsieh et al. 1981) was extended to evaluate quantitatively the transient variations in hydraulic head and the corresponding distributions of hydraulic gradient within a test specimen. In addition, the conditions and the validity of using the expression proposed by Brace et al. (1968) to compute the low permeability of a rock specimen from a transient-pulse test were examined. Some theoretical considerations related to the optimal design of a transient-pulse test were also discussed. Part 2 presents a relatively general and convenient approach for determining not only the hydraulic conductivity and specific storage of a specimen directly from a transient-pulse test, but also the compressive storage of the fluid reservoirs. The accuracy and efficiency of this method are demonstrated through (1) the comparison of the compressibility of the fluid-reservoir (permeating) system back-calculated from the transient-pulse tests with the value obtained from calibration tests, and (2) its application to a series of experimental studies designed to investigate the effects of confining pressure on the hydraulic properties of Shirahama sandstone and Inada granite, two rock types available widely in Japan.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Testing and Materials International","doi":"10.1520/GTJ11127J","usgsCitation":"Zhang, M., Takahashi, M., Morin, R., and Esaki, T., 2000, Evaluation and application of the transient-pulse technique for determining the hydraulic properties of low permeability rocks: Part 2: Experimental application: Geotechnical Testing Journal, v. 23, no. 1, p. 91-99, https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ11127J.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253ae4b0543bf7fda853","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, M.","contributorId":39161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takahashi, M.","contributorId":92617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morin, R.","contributorId":6210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esaki, T.","contributorId":22939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esaki","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":68525,"text":"ha744C - 2000 - Altitude of the Top of the Minnelusa Formation in the Black Hills area, South Dakota, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T11:16:09","indexId":"ha744C","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"744","chapter":"C","title":"Altitude of the Top of the Minnelusa Formation in the Black Hills area, South Dakota, 1999","docAbstract":"This map is a product of the Black Hills Hydrology Study, which was initiated in 1990 to assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of surface water and ground water in the Black Hills area of South Dakota (Driscoll, 1992). This long-term study is a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and the West Dakota Water Development District, which represents various local and county cooperators. This map is part of a series of 1:100,000-scale maps for the study. The maps include a hydrogeologic map, structure-contour maps (altitudes of the tops of formations) for five formations that contain major aquifers in the study area, and potentiometric maps for these five major aquifers (the Inyan Kara, Minnekahta, Minnelusa, Madison, and Deadwood aquifers).
The study area consists of the topographically defined Black Hills and adjacent areas located in western South Dakota. The Black Hills area is an elongated, dome-shaped feature, about 125 miles long and 60 miles wide, which was uplifted during the Laramide orogeny (Feldman and Heimlich, 1980). The oldest geologic units in the study area are Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are exposed in the central core of the Black Hills. Surrounding the Precambrian core is a layered series of sedimentary rocks including limestones, sandstones, and shales that are exposed in roughly concentric rings around the uplifted flanks of the Black Hills. The bedrock sedimentary units typically dip away from the uplifted Black Hills at angles that approach or exceed 10 degrees near the outcrops, and decrease with distance from the uplift. Many of the sedimentary units contain aquifers, both within and beyond the study area. Recharge to these aquifers occurs from infiltration of precipitation upon the outcrops and, in some cases, from infiltration of streamflow (Hortness and Driscoll, 1998). Artesian conditions generally exist within these aquifers where an upper confining layer is present. Flowing wells and artesian springs that originate from confined aquifers are common around the periphery of the Black Hills.
The purpose of this map is to show the altitude of the top (structure contours) of the Minnelusa Formation within the area of the Black Hills Hydrology Study. The depth to the top of the Minnelusa Formation can be estimated at a specific site by subtracting the altitude of the top of the formation from the topographic elevation. However, caution is urged in determining the depth to the top of the formation in areas on the map where the contours are approximately located.
To determine the quality of sediments and extent of contaminant impacts, a Sediment Quality Triad (SQT) study was conducted at 36 sites in the Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, USA, system. Fifteen of the 36 sites were located near storm-water outfalls, but 13 other sites (i.e., industrial and domestic outfalls, oil field–produced water discharges, and dredging activity) and eight reference sites were also evaluated. Sediment samples were collected and analyzed for physical–chemical characteristics, contaminant concentrations (metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], and pesticides), toxicity (amphipod and mysid solid phase and sea urchin pore-water fertilization and embryological development tests), and a benthic index of biotic integrity (BIBI) composed of 10 independent metrics calculated for each site. This large data matrix was reduced using multivariate analysis to create new variables for each component representing overall means and containing most of the variance in the larger data set. The new variables were used to conduct the correlation analysis. Toxicity was significantly correlated with both chemistry and ecological responses, whereas no correlations between the benthic metrics and sediment chemistry were observed. Using the combined information from the SQT, four of the five most degraded sites were storm-water outfall sites. Although estuaries are naturally stressful environments because of salinity and temperature fluctuations, this ecosystem appears to have been compromised by anthropogenic influences similar to what has been observed for other heavily urbanized bay systems along the Texas and Gulf coast.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620190307","usgsCitation":"Carr, R.S., Montagna, P.A., Biedenbach, J.M., Kalke, R., Kennicutt, M.C., Hooten, R.L., and Cripe, G., 2000, Impact of storm-water outfalls on sediment quallity in corpus Christi Bay, Texas, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 3, p. 561-574, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190307.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"574","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Corpus Christi Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.17269897460938,\n 27.82571742243833\n ],\n [\n -97.21527099609375,\n 27.831789750079267\n ],\n [\n -97.22488403320312,\n 27.86214629109338\n ],\n [\n -97.25509643554686,\n 27.88521157791217\n ],\n [\n -97.2894287109375,\n 27.887639217136517\n ],\n [\n -97.3388671875,\n 27.887639217136517\n ],\n [\n -97.42950439453125,\n 27.887639217136517\n ],\n [\n -97.49267578125,\n 27.896135525750502\n ],\n [\n -97.54074096679688,\n 27.873072565422785\n ],\n [\n -97.52838134765624,\n 27.83786173797305\n ],\n [\n -97.46795654296875,\n 27.81357174811185\n ],\n [\n -97.415771484375,\n 27.803854230585227\n ],\n [\n -97.40341186523436,\n 27.76497547076884\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 27.72851401477361\n ],\n [\n -97.33749389648438,\n 27.68839232178566\n ],\n [\n -97.349853515625,\n 27.653121688456565\n ],\n [\n -97.41714477539062,\n 27.647039394312074\n ],\n [\n -97.33200073242188,\n 27.592283532030677\n ],\n [\n -97.28530883789062,\n 27.586197857692664\n ],\n [\n -97.19879150390625,\n 27.738238263104016\n ],\n [\n -97.17269897460938,\n 27.82571742243833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"583d5035e4b0d9329c80c5a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, R. Scott","contributorId":14025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montagna, Paul A.","contributorId":177033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montagna","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biedenbach, James M.","contributorId":64353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biedenbach","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kalke, Rick","contributorId":177034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalke","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kennicutt, Mahlon C.","contributorId":177035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennicutt","given":"Mahlon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hooten, Russell L.","contributorId":176809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hooten","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cripe, Geraldine","contributorId":177036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cripe","given":"Geraldine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70180111,"text":"70180111 - 2000 - Direct behavioral evidence that unique bile acids released by larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) function as a migratory pheromone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T13:20:12","indexId":"70180111","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct behavioral evidence that unique bile acids released by larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) function as a migratory pheromone","docAbstract":"Four behavioral experiments conducted in both the laboratory and the field provide evidence that adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) select spawning rivers based on the odor of larvae that they contain and that bile acids released by the larvae are part of this pheromonal odor. First, when tested in a recirculating maze, migratory adult lamprey spent more time in water scented with larvae. However, when fully mature, adults lost their responsiveness to larvae and preferred instead the odor of mature individuals. Second, when tested in a flowing stream, migratory adults swam upstream more actively when the water was scented with larvae. Third, when migratory adults were tested in a laboratory maze containing still water, they exhibited enhanced swimming activity in the presence of a 0.1 nM concentration of the two unique bile acids released by larvae and detected by adult lamprey. Fourth, when adults were exposed to this bile acid mixture within flowing waters, they actively swam into it. Taken together, these data suggest that adult lamprey use a bile acid based larval pheromone to help them locate spawning rivers and that responsiveness to this cue is influenced by current flow, maturity, and time of day. Although the precise identity and function of the larval pheromone remain to be fully elucidated, we believe that this cue will ultimately prove useful as an attractant in sea lamprey control.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press ","doi":"10.1139/f99-290","usgsCitation":"Bjerselius, R., Li, W., Teeter, J.H., Seelye, J.G., Johnson, P.B., Maniak, P.J., Grant, G.C., Polkinghorne, C.N., and Sorensen, P.W., 2000, Direct behavioral evidence that unique bile acids released by larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) function as a migratory pheromone: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 3, p. 557-569, https://doi.org/10.1139/f99-290.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"557","endPage":"569","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588876dde4b05ccb964baaf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjerselius, Rickard","contributorId":178667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bjerselius","given":"Rickard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teeter, John H.","contributorId":178668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teeter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seelye, James G.","contributorId":69919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Peter B.","contributorId":178669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maniak, Peter J.","contributorId":178670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maniak","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grant, Gerold C.","contributorId":178671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Gerold","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Polkinghorne, Christine N.","contributorId":178672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Polkinghorne","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sorensen, Peter W.","contributorId":49720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorensen","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":68522,"text":"ha744A - 2000 - Altitude of the top of the Inyan Kara Group in the Black Hills area, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T11:17:42","indexId":"ha744A","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"744","chapter":"A","title":"Altitude of the top of the Inyan Kara Group in the Black Hills area, South Dakota","docAbstract":"This map is a product of the Black Hills Hydrology Study, which was initiated in 1990 to assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of surface water and ground water in the Black Hills area of South Dakota (Driscoll, 1992). This long-term study is a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and the West Dakota Water Development District, which represents various local and county cooperators. This map is part of a series of 1:100,000-scale maps for the study. The maps include a hydrogeologic map, structure-contour maps (altitudes of the tops of formations) for five formations that contain major aquifers in the study area, and potentiometric maps for these five major aquifers (the Inyan Kara, Minnekahta, Minnelusa, Madison, and Deadwood aquifers).
The study area consists of the topographically defined Black Hills and adjacent areas located in western South Dakota. The Black Hills area is an elongated, dome-shaped feature, about 125 miles long and 60 miles wide, which was uplifted during the Laramide orogeny (Feldman and Heimlich, 1980). The oldest geologic units in the study area are Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are exposed in the central core of the Black Hills. Surrounding the Precambrian core is a layered series of sedimentary rocks including limestones, sandstones, and shales that are exposed in roughly concentric rings around the uplifted flanks of the Black Hills. The bedrock sedimentary units typically dip away from the uplifted Black Hills at angles that approach or exceed 10 degrees near the outcrops, and decrease with distance from the uplift. Many of the sedimentary units contain aquifers, both within and beyond the study area. Recharge to these aquifers occurs from infiltration of precipitation upon the outcrops and, in some cases, from infiltration of streamflow (Hortness and Driscoll, 1998). Artesian conditions generally exist within these aquifers where an upper confining layer is present. Flowing wells and artesian springs that originate from confined aquifers are common around the periphery of the Black Hills.
The purpose of this map is to show the altitude of the top (structure contours) of the Inyan Kara Group within the area of the Black Hills Hydrology Study. The depth to the top of the Inyan Kara Group can be estimated at a specific site by subtracting the altitude of the top of the formation from the topographic elevation. However, caution is urged in determining the depth to the top of the formation in areas on the map where the contours are approximately located.
Annual State reporting requirements yield data on public water-supply use in Kansas. data is essential for responsible and effective use of the information by various State agencies. This fact sheet describes water-use data evaluation, illustrates variations in public-supply water use from 1987 through 1997, and documents improvements in water conservation efforts among Kansas public water suppliers. This fact sheet is part of an ongoing study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office and is supported in part by the Kansas State Water Plan Fund.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs18799","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office","usgsCitation":"Kenny, J., 2000, Public water-supply use in Kansas, 1987–97: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 187-99, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs18799.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0187/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":360100,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0187/fs19990187.pdf","text":"Report","size":"114 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1999–0187"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
Aquifers in Quaternary glacial deposits and the underlying Silurian and Devonian carbonate bedrock in parts of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, and Michigan compose the regional aquifer system under investigation as part of the Midwestern Basins and Arches Regional Aquifer System Analysis (Midwestern Basins and Arches—RASA) project of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The Midwestern Basins and Arches—RASA is part of a USGS program to assess the regional hydrology, geology, and water quality of the Nation's most important aquifers (Sun, 1986). An objective specific to the Midwestern Basins and Arches—RASA project is to conceptualize and describe regional ground-water flow in the glacial-deposit and carbonate-bedrock aquifer system, including regional recharge and discharge areas and regional relations between surface and ground water (Bugliosi, 1990).
Water-level and ground-water discharge data were collected and (or) analyzed to help meet the above objective. Specifically, data from the USGS Ground-Water Site Inventory (GWSI) data base were used to determine relations between land-surface altitude and water levels in glacial-deposit aquifers. Water levels in the carbonate-bedrock aquifer were synoptically measured during July 1990, and the data were used to construct a potentiometric surface map of the aquifer. Regional hydraulic gradients and general directions of regional flow in the carbonate-bedrock aquifer can be inferred from this map. Steady-state groundwater discharge to streams that drain the area underlain by the glacial-deposit and carbonate bedrock aquifer system was estimated from base-flow daily values computed from streamflow records.
Water-level and ground-water-discharge data collectively form the sample information necessary to develop calibration targets for calibration of a ground-water-flow model (Anderson and Woessner, 1992). Such a ground-water-flow model of the glacial-deposit and carbonate-bedrock aquifer system was constructed to help conceptualize and describe regional ground-water flow in the aquifer system. The model was calibrated to the water-level and ground-water-discharge data presented in this atlas.
The eight papers that follow continue the series of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reports on investigations in the geologic sciences in Alaska. The series presents new and sometimes preliminary findings that are of interest to earth scientists in academia, government, and industry; to land and resource managers; and to the general public. Reports presented in Geologic Studies in Alaska cover a broad spectrum of topics from all parts of the State (fig. 1), which serves to emphasize the diversity of USGS efforts to meet the Nation's needs for earth-science information in Alaska.
The papers in this volume are organized under the topics Resources, Geologic Framework, and Environment and Climate. Such an organization is intended to reflect the scope and objectives of USGS programs currently active in Alaska. Resource papers include one that presents detailed observations from a Mississippian Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag occurrence in the Brooks Range (Werdon). Mineralogic, chemical, and isotopic data provide the basis for a proposed relationship between this vein-breccia deposit and the shale-hosted massive sulfide deposit type, which includes the active Red Dog mine in the western Brooks Range. Also included under the topic of Resources is a paper that presents geochemical and isotopic data from the Greens Creek and Woewodski Island volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in southeastern Alaska (Newberry and Brew). The depositional environment and sedimentological setting of Tertiary coal beds in the Matanuska and Susitna Valleys is the focus of a third paper under the topic of Resources (Flores and others).
Geologic Framework studies provide background information that is the scientific basis for present and future studies of the environment, mineral and energy resources, paleoclimate, and hazards in Alaska. One paper presents the results of sedimentologic and paleontologic comparisons of lower Paleozoic, deep-water-facies rock units in central Alaska (Dumoulin and others). The authors show which of these units are likely to correlate with one another, suggest likely source regions, and provide a structural restoration of units that have been fragmented by large fault motions. A second framework paper provides a map, rock descriptions, and chemical compositions of volcanic rocks in a newly recognized, geologically young volcanic center in the Aleutian volcanic arc (Hildreth and others). A third paper presents an interesting summary of gravity changes that occurred in south-central Alaska during the great earthquake of 1964 and for the following 25 years (Barnes). Gravity changes correlate with land-elevation changes in some cases, but not in others, which means that different processes are responsible for the gravity changes.
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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc6c1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. kdkelley@usgs.gov","contributorId":431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen","email":"kdkelley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544575,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185222,"text":"70185222 - 2000 - Influence of dissimilatory metal reduction on fate of organic and metal contaminants in the subsurface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T12:15:12","indexId":"70185222","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of dissimilatory metal reduction on fate of organic and metal contaminants in the subsurface","docAbstract":"Geobacter become dominant members of the microbial community when Fe(III)-reducing conditions develop as the result of organic contamination, or when Fe(III) reduction is artificially stimulated. These results suggest that further understanding of the ecophysiology of Geobacter species would aid in better prediction of the natural attenuation of organic contaminants under anaerobic conditions and in the design of strategies for the bioremediation of subsurface metal contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/PL00010974","usgsCitation":"Lovely, D.R., and Anderson, R.T., 2000, Influence of dissimilatory metal reduction on fate of organic and metal contaminants in the subsurface: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 77-88, https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00010974.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"77","endPage":"88","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba422e4b0849ce97dc78a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovely, Derek R.","contributorId":184232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovely","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Robert T.","contributorId":178193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5061,"text":"fs16899 - 2000 - Trends in surface-water quality during implementation of best-management practices in Mill Creek and Muddy Run Basins, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-09T12:48:56","indexId":"fs16899","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"168-99","title":"Trends in surface-water quality during implementation of best-management practices in Mill Creek and Muddy Run Basins, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Analyses of water samples collected over a 5-year period (1993-98) in the Mill Creek and Muddy Run Basins during implementation of agricultural best-management practices (BMP’s) indicate statistically significant trends in the concentrations of several nutrient species and in nonfilterable residue (suspended solids). The strongest trends identified were those indicated by a more than 50- percent decrease in the flow-adjusted concentrations of total and dissolved phosphorus and total residue in base flow in the two streams. Analyses of stormflow samples showed a 31-percent decrease in the flow-adjusted concentration of total phosphorus in Mill Creek and a 54-percent decrease in total nonfilterable residue in Muddy Run. A 58-percent increase in the flow-adjusted concentration of total ammonia nitrogen in stormflow was found at Muddy Run.
Although the effects of a specific BMP on the indicated trends is uncertain, results of statistical trend tests of the data suggest that stream fencing, possibly in concert with other practices, such as stream crossings for livestock, barnyard runoff control, manure-storage facilities, and rotational grazing, was effective in improving water quality during base flow and probably low to moderate stormflow conditions. Additional improvements in water quality in the Mill Creek and Muddy Run Basins seems likely as the implementation of BMP’s is expected to continue. Thus, the full effect of BMP implementation in the two basins may not be observed for some time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs16899","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Koerkle, E.H., 2000, Trends in surface-water quality during implementation of best-management practices in Mill Creek and Muddy Run Basins, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 168-99, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16899.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0168/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":396,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0168/fs19990168.pdf","text":"Report","size":"411 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1999-0168"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
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Clementine ultraviolet-visible (UVVIS) data are used to examine the compositions of 18 pyroclastic deposits (15 small, three large) at 13 sites on the Moon. Compositional variations among pyroclastic deposits largely result from differing amounts of new basaltic (or juvenile) material and reworked local material entrained in their ejecta upon eruption. Characterization of pyroclastic deposit compositions allows us to understand the mechanisms of lunar explosive volcanism. Evidence for compositional differences between small pyroclastic deposits at a single site is observed at Atlas crater. At all sites, compositional variation among the small pyroclastic deposits is consistent with earlier classification based on Earth-based spectra: three compositional groups can be observed, and the trend of increasing mafic absorption band strength from Group 1 to Group 2 to Group 3 is noted. As redefined here, Group 1 deposits include those of Alphonsus West, Alphonsus Southeast, Alphonsus Northeast 2, Atlas South, Crüger, Franklin, Grimaldi, Lavoisier, Oppenheimer, Orientale, and Riccioli. Group 1 deposits resemble lunar highlands, with weak mafic bands and relatively high UV/VIS ratios. Group 2 deposits include those of Alphonsus Northeast 1, Atlas North, Eastern Frigoris East and West, and Aristarchus Plateau; Group 2 deposits are similar to mature lunar maria, with moderate mafic band depths and intermediate UV/VIS ratios. The single Group 3 deposit, J. Herschel, has a relatively strong mafic band and a low UV/VIS ratio, and olivine is a likely juvenile component. Two of the deposits in these groups, Orientale and Aristarchus, are large pyroclastic deposits. The third large pyroclastic deposit, Apollo 17/Taurus Littrow, has a very weak mafic band and a high UV/VIS ratio and it does not belong to any of the compositional groups for small pyroclastic deposits. The observed compositional variations indicate that highland and mare materials are also present in many large and small pyroclastic deposits, and they suggest that volcanic glasses or spheres may not be dominant juvenile components in all large pyroclastic deposits.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001070","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gaddis, L.R., Hawke, B.R., Robinson, M.S., and Coombs, C., 2000, Compositional analyses of small lunar pyroclastic deposits using Clementine multispectral data: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 105, no. E2, p. 4245-4262, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001070.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"4245","endPage":"4262","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001070","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f934e4b0c8380cd4d4c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawke, Bernard Ray","contributorId":61506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawke","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Mark S.","contributorId":167665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coombs, Cassandra","contributorId":213080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coombs","given":"Cassandra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}