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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8134","usgsCitation":"Grantz, A., and Greenberg, J., 1981, Map showing tracklines of high-resolution uniboom seismic reflection profiles collected August 25 through October 5, 1977, in the Beaufort Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-34, 1 Plate: 65.00 × 41.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8134.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 65.00 × 41.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108145,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12015.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12015"},{"id":20102,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0034/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":134673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.994140625,\n 69.65708627301174\n ],\n [\n -141.416015625,\n 69.65708627301174\n ],\n [\n -141.416015625,\n 72.75\n ],\n [\n -158.994140625,\n 72.75\n ],\n [\n -158.994140625,\n 69.65708627301174\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e84c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":232457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenberg, Jonathan","contributorId":9627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":43823,"text":"ofr81799 - 1981 - Landsat features maps of the Petersburg Quadrangle and vicinity, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:54","indexId":"ofr81799","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-799","title":"Landsat features maps of the Petersburg Quadrangle and vicinity, southeastern Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81799","usgsCitation":"Le Compte, J.R., 1981, Landsat features maps of the Petersburg Quadrangle and vicinity, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-799, 2 maps ;on 2 sheets 77 x 112 cm and 85 x 112 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81799.","productDescription":"2 maps ;on 2 sheets 77 x 112 cm and 85 x 112 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108181,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12170.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12170"},{"id":134924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81379,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0799/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81380,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0799/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abe55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Le Compte, James R.","contributorId":23913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le Compte","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7010,"text":"ofr81621 - 1981 - Arctic summary report: Outer Continental Shelf and onshore oil and gas activities and impacts in the Arctic : a summmary report, October 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T21:44:18.761965","indexId":"ofr81621","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-621","title":"Arctic summary report: Outer Continental Shelf and onshore oil and gas activities and impacts in the Arctic : a summmary report, October 1981","docAbstract":"Due to the amount of Federal and State oil and gas activity in the Arctic subregion and the need for comprehensive planning, State and local officials requested coverage of all oil and gas activity in the area.
The first lease sale of offshore lands in the Beaufort Sea was held by the State of Alaska in 1969. The leasing process for oil and gas exploration on the Beaufort Sea Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) began in April 1976 with the first Federal lease sale in the subregion (Joint Federal/State Beaufort Sea Lease Sale) held in 1979. This sale was held jointly by the Department of the Interior and the State of Alaska because of conflicting jurisdictional claims to certain tracts in the sale area. The jurisdictional dispute will be resolved by the U.S. Supreme Court, but a decision is not expected for several years. The joint sale was held on December 11, 1979. However, bids on the Federal tracts were not accepted until July 1980 because of litigation. Of the 117 tracts offered, 86 were leased as a result of the sale. Of these 86 tracts, 24 are federally managed and 62 are State-managed.
Two exploration plans have been submitted for the federally managed joint lease sale (Sale BF) area. Both plans call for building a gravel island and exploratory drilling of several tracts, but no drilling permits have yet been filed. Three exploratory wells have been drilled on or into State-managed tracts. These include one well drilled directionally into Tract 75, one into Tract 76, and one well drilled from Challenge Island, a natural barrier island. Additional exploratory wells are planned for the 1981-82 drilling season on State-managed tracts.
The next OCS sale in the Beaufort Sea, Lease Sale 71, is proposed for September 1982. The first two sales in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska are being planned for December 1981 and the late spring or early summer of 1982 and will involve a total of 2 million acres (809,200 hectares). In anticipation of future leasing, plans for geophysical surveys in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge are also being formulated.
Four State lease sales have been held in the Arctic, in addition to the Joint Federal/State Lease Sale. These onshore sales have resulted in the leasing of lands on which a number of commercial discoveries have been made, including the discovery of the largest hydrocarbon accumulation in North America at Prudhoe Bay. Exploration, development, and production are continuing on these State lands. The State of Alaska has plans for three future lease sales in the Arctic to be held in the spring of 1982 and 1983 and the fall of 1984. Leasing and exploration are also under way on Arctic Slope Regional Corporation lands.
Transportation systems in the Arctic have been developed to accommodate production on State lands. Some of the production from OCS tracts, as well as other Arctic lands, may be handled by the existing Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. However, a number of additional transportation strategies are being considered, including the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, additional oil pipelines, and tanker transport. The pace of oil and gas production in the Arctic will depend in part on the number and type of transportation modes available.
The support bases at Prudhoe Bay are expected to be used to some extent for future activities on the OCS. However, expanded and new facilities will also be required, depending on the location of discoveries on the OCS and on other Arctic lands. The impacts resulting from OCS activities in the Arctic will be particularly important because of their contribution to the regionwide and cumulative impacts arising from Federal onshore, State, and regional corporation oil and gas exploration, development, and production in the Arctic.
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and other natural resources for the State of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:43","indexId":"ofr811249","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1249","title":"Permit requirements for energy and other natural resources for the State of Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Commission ;\r\nThe Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811249","usgsCitation":"Camp Dresser and McKee Inc., 1981, Permit requirements for energy and other natural resources for the State of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1249, 102 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811249.","productDescription":"102 p. ;28 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Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6407,"text":"pp1235 - 1982 - Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska","indexId":"pp1235","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":6407,"text":"pp1235 - 1982 - Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska","indexId":"pp1235","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T19:13:49.253339","indexId":"ofr81219","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-219","title":"Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Kenai River system is the most important freshwater fishery in Alaska. The flow regime is characterized by high summer flow of glacial meltwater and periodic flooding caused by sudden releases of glacier-dammed lakes in the headwaters. Throughout most of its 50-mile course across the Kenai Peninsula Lowlands to Cook Inlet, the river meanders within coarse bed material with a median diameter typically in the range of 40-60 millimeters. Every nontidal section of the stream is a known or potential salmon-spawning site.
The stream is underfit, a condition attributed to regional glacial recession and hypothesized drainage changes, and locally is entrenched in response to geologically recent changes in base level. The coarseness of the bed material is explained by these characteristics, combined with the reservoir-like effects of two large moraine impounded lakes, Kenai and Skilak Lakes, that formed as lowland glaciers receded. Throughout the central section of the river the channel is effectively armored, a condition that may have important long-term implications for the ability of this section of channel to support the spawning and rearing of salmon.
The 3.8 river miles of channel below Skilak Lake contain submersed, crescentic gravel dunes with lengths in excess of 500 ft and heights of more than 15 ft. Such bed forms are highly unusual in streams with coarse bed material. The dunes were entirely stable from 1950 to at least 1977, so much so that small details of shape were unmodified by a major glacial-outburst flood in 1974. The features are the product of a flood greatly in excess of any recorded discharge.
The entrenched section of the channel has been stable since at least 1950-195, only negligible amounts of bank erosion are indicated by sequential aerial photos. Bank erosion is active both upstream and downstream from the entrenched channel, however, and erosion rates in those reaches are locally comparable to rates in streams of similar size. Although erosion rates have been generally constant since 1950-1951, evidence suggests a possible recent decrease in bank stability and an increase in erosion that could be related to changes in river use.
The high sustained flow of summer encourages a variety of recreation-related modifications to the bank and flood plain--canals, groins, boat ramps, slips, embankments, as well as commercial developments. As population and recreation use increase, development can pose a hazard to the productivity of the stream through increased suspended-sediment concentration resulting directly from construction and, with greater potential for long-term impact, indirectly from bank erosion. A short-term hazard, to both stream and developments is the cutoff of meander loops, the risk of which is increased by canals and boat slips cut in the surface layer of cohesive, erosion-resistant sediment on the flood plain within nonentrenched meander loops. A significant long-term hazard is an increase in bank erosion rates resulting from the loss of stabilizing vegetation on the high (up to 70 ft) cutbanks of entrenched and partially entrenched sections of channel. Potential root causes of erosion vegetation loss are river-use practices, meander cutoffs, and groin construction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81219","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Scott, K.M., 1981, Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-219, vi, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81219.","productDescription":"vi, 116 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408913,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0219/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.336181640625,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n -151.7431640625,\n 59.04620586244391\n ],\n [\n -148.96362304687497,\n 59.87239799228177\n ],\n [\n -147.667236328125,\n 59.65109171169264\n ],\n [\n -147.227783203125,\n 59.99898612060444\n ],\n [\n -149.43603515625,\n 61.554109444927185\n ],\n [\n -150.1611328125,\n 61.601171646037486\n ],\n [\n -151.962890625,\n 60.925093815014655\n ],\n [\n -153.45703125,\n 59.99349233206085\n ],\n [\n -153.336181640625,\n 59.62332522313024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Kevin M.","contributorId":88331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":238017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48683,"text":"ofr81217 - 1981 - Effects of placer mining on hydrologic systems in Alaska; status of knowledge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:44","indexId":"ofr81217","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-217","title":"Effects of placer mining on hydrologic systems in Alaska; status of knowledge","docAbstract":"The report briefly summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding placer mining in Alaska. A review of literature indicates that nearly all of the significant information on the effects of placer mining on the hydrologic system in Alaska is referenced in available reports. The addition of sediment, as well as other indirect changes this generates, appears to be the primary impact of placer mining on Alaskan streams. Other potential water-quality effects that should be considered are: increases in organic loading in the stream system; increases in minor element content; potential for acid drainage; and impacts on fish and other aquatic biota. Existing information is adequate to define parameters that may be affected by placer mining but inadequate to quantify changes resulting from an individual mining operation or to allow the prediction of the magnitude or duration of the impact. Additional studies that would improve the knowledge of the effects of placer mining include: short-term assessments, using available photographic information and existing hydrologic records, to document historical changes and active placer mining features; short-term studies using emperical sediment-transport formulas to estimate the effects of placer mine activities; and river quality assessments of selected basins affected by placer mining. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81217","usgsCitation":"Madison, R.J., 1981, Effects of placer mining on hydrologic systems in Alaska; status of knowledge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-217, iii, 28 p. : ill. ; 29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81217.","productDescription":"iii, 28 p. : ill. ; 29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0217/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85491,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611af6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madison, R. 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W.","contributorId":97072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lybeck, Lynn D.","contributorId":68273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lybeck","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roe, J. T.","contributorId":85943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4232,"text":"cir802 - 1981 - The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and resources maps of the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-22T13:58:22.298212","indexId":"cir802","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"802","title":"The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and resources maps of the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles (1:250,000) are a part of the Alaska Peninsula in southwestern Alaska. This circular and a companion folio of maps represent results of integrated field and laboratory studies by an interdisciplinary team on geology, geophysics, geochemistry, mineral resources, geochronology, and energy resources to provide a modern assessment of the mineral and energy resources of the quadrangles. The maps contain descriptive text, explanatory material, tables and diagrams, and pertinent references. This circular provides the background data for the mineral and energy resource assessment and integrates the component maps. A comprehensive bibliography cites both specific and general references relevant to the geology and resources of the quadrangles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir802","usgsCitation":"Detterman, R.L., Case, J.E., Cox, D.P., Detra, D., Miller, T.P., and Wilson, F.H., 1981, The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and resources maps of the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 802, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir802.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31346,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0802/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0802/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detterman, Robert L.","contributorId":71526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Case, J. E.","contributorId":56625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, D. P.","contributorId":82689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":148497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}