The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a Level I Water-Quality Inventory and Monitoring (WAQIM) data-collection effort for Richmond National Battlefield Park (Richmond NBP) from August 2001 through April 2002. The primary objective of the WAQIM program was to provide the National Park Service (NPS) and Richmond NBP with at least a nominal inventory of its natural resources and to provide those data in a data-management system consistent with park management needs. Water-quality inventory data (physical, chemical, and biological) were collected from \"key\" water bodies within the boundaries of Richmond NBP. The key water bodies are those waters within park boundaries that are essential to the central cultural, historical or natural resources management themes of the parks or provide habitats to threatened or endangered plants and animals. Data were collected during the fall, winter, spring, and summer over a range of hydrologic conditions. Because of the drought conditions that persisted during the study period, variations in flow between seasons were less pronounced than during normal hydrologic conditions.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., 2002, An ancient duality: People, Land, and Water, v. 9, no. 1, p. 29-29.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a493e4b04df303d95830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174413,"text":"70174413 - 2002 - Annual primary production: Patterns and mechanisms of change in a nutrient-rich tidal ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:57:53","indexId":"70174413","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-06T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual primary production: Patterns and mechanisms of change in a nutrient-rich tidal ecosystem","docAbstract":"Although nutrient supply often underlies long-term changes in aquatic primary production, other regulatory processes can be important. The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, a complex of tidal waterways forming the landward portion of the San Francisco Estuary, has ample nutrient supplies, enabling us to examine alternate regulatory mechanisms over a 21-yr period. Delta-wide primary productivity was reconstructed from historical water quality data for 1975–1995. Annual primary production averaged 70 g C m−2, but it varied by over a factor of five among years. At least four processes contributed to this variability: (1) invasion of the clam Potamocorbula amurensis led to a persistent decrease in phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) after 1986; (2) a long-term decline in total suspended solids—probably at least partly because of upstream dam construction—increased water transparency and phytoplankton growth rate; (3) river inflow, reflecting climate variability, affected biomass through fluctuations in flushing and growth rates through fluctuations in total suspended solids; and (4) an additional pathway manifesting as a long-term decline in winter phytoplankton biomass has been identified, but its genesis is uncertain. Overall, the Delta lost 43% in annual primary production during the period. Given the evidence for food limitation of primary consumers, these findings provide a partial explanation for widespread Delta species declines over the past few decades. Turbid nutrient-rich systems such as the Delta may be inherently more variable than other tidal systems because certain compensatory processes are absent. Comparisons among systems, however, can be tenuous because conclusions about the magnitude and mechanisms of variability are dependent on length of data record.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2002.47.3.0698","usgsCitation":"Jassby, A.D., Cloern, J.E., and Cole, B., 2002, Annual primary production: Patterns and mechanisms of change in a nutrient-rich tidal ecosystem: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 47, no. 3, p. 698-712, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.3.0698.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"698","endPage":"712","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.3.0698","text":"External Repository"},{"id":325062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.88507080078125,\n 37.74900069437069\n ],\n [\n -121.88507080078125,\n 38.33303882235456\n ],\n [\n -121.25610351562499,\n 38.33303882235456\n ],\n [\n -121.25610351562499,\n 37.74900069437069\n ],\n [\n -121.88507080078125,\n 37.74900069437069\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c336e4b0e02680be5900","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174623,"text":"70174623 - 2002 - Potential effects of global warming on the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed and the San Francisco estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T07:55:40","indexId":"70174623","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-09T03:30:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of global warming on the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed and the San Francisco estuary","docAbstract":"
California's primary hydrologic system, the San Francisco estuary and its upstream watershed, is vulnerable to the regional hydrologic consequences of projected global climate change. Projected temperature anomalies from a global climate model are used to drive a combined model of watershed hydrology and estuarine dynamics. By 2090, a projected temperature increase of 2.1°C results in a loss of about half of the average April snowpack storage, with greatest losses in the northern headwaters. Consequently, spring runoff is reduced by 5.6 km3(∼20% of historical annual runoff), with associated increases in winter flood peaks. The smaller spring flows yield spring/summer salinity increases of up to 9 psu, with larger increases in wet years.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001GL014339","usgsCitation":"Knowles, N., and Cayan, D.R., 2002, Potential effects of global warming on the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed and the San Francisco estuary: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, no. 18, p. 38-1-38-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014339.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"38-1","endPage":"38-4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl014339","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Francisco","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 37.14499280340638\n ],\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 38.30933576918588\n ],\n [\n -121.2506103515625,\n 38.30933576918588\n ],\n [\n -121.2506103515625,\n 37.14499280340638\n ],\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 37.14499280340638\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57876630e4b0d27deb36e19c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Noah 0000-0001-5652-1049 nknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-1049","contributorId":1380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Noah","email":"nknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159900,"text":"70159900 - 2002 - Hydrologic processes and nutrient dynamics in a pristine mountain catchment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T17:19:22","indexId":"70159900","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3679,"text":"Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic processes and nutrient dynamics in a pristine mountain catchment","docAbstract":"Nutrient dynamics in watersheds have been used as an ecosystem-level indicator of overall ecosystem function or response to disturbance (e.g. Borman.N et al. 1974, WEBSTER et al. 1992). The examination of nutrients has been evaluated to determine responses to logging practices or other changes in watershed land use. Nutrient dynamics have been related to changing physical and biological characteristics (Mulholl AND 1992, CHESTNUT & McDowell 2000). Herein, the concentrations and dynamics of nitrogen, phosphorus and particulate organic carbon were examined in a large pristine watershed because they are affected by changes in discharge directly from the catchment and after passage through a large oligotrophic lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Informa UK","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2001.11902705","usgsCitation":"F. Richard Hauer, Fagre, D.B., and Stanford, J.A., 2002, Hydrologic processes and nutrient dynamics in a pristine mountain catchment: Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, v. 28, no. 3, p. 1490-1493, https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2001.11902705.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1490","endPage":"1493","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, McDonald Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.7906494140625,\n 48.228332127214934\n ],\n [\n -113.2086181640625,\n 48.228332127214934\n ],\n [\n -113.2086181640625,\n 48.99103162515999\n ],\n [\n -114.7906494140625,\n 48.99103162515999\n ],\n [\n -114.7906494140625,\n 48.228332127214934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175d5e4b06a3ea36c56b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"F. Richard Hauer","contributorId":145878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"F. Richard Hauer","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanford, Jack A.","contributorId":150193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanford","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157407,"text":"70157407 - 2002 - Mercury loading and methylmercury production and cycling in high-altitude lakes from the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:28:23","indexId":"70157407","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-04T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3729,"text":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus","onlineIssn":"1573-2940","printIssn":"1567-7230","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury loading and methylmercury production and cycling in high-altitude lakes from the Western United States","docAbstract":"Studies worldwide have shown that mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous contaminant, reaching even the most remote environments such as high-altitude lakes via atmospheric pathways. However, very few studies have been conducted to assess Hg contamination levels of these systems. We sampled 90 mid-latitude, high-altitude lakes from seven national parks in the western United States during a four-week period in September 1999. In addition to the synoptic survey, routine monitoring and experimental studies were conducted at one of the lakes (Mills Lake) to quantify MeHg fluxrates and important process rates such as photo-demethylation. Results show that overall, high-altitude lakes have low total mercury (HgT) and methylmercury (MeHg) levels (1.07 and 0.05 ng L-1, respectively), but a very good correlation of Hg to MeHg (r2= 0.82) suggests inorganic Hg(II) loading is a primary controlling factor of MeHg levels in dilute mountain lakes. Positive correlations were also observed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and both Hg and MeHg, although to a much lesser degree. Levels of MeHg were similar among the seven national parks, with the exception of Glacier National Park where lowerconcentrations were observed (0.02 ng L-1), and appear to be related to naturally elevated pH values there. Measured rates ofMeHg photo-degradation at Mills Lake were quite fast, and this process was of equal importance to sedimentation and stream flow for removing MeHg. Enhanced rates of photo-demethylation are likely an important reason why high-altitude lakes, with typically high water clarity and sunlight exposure, are low in MeHg.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1020162811104","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D.P., Olson, M.L., DeWild, J.F., Clow, D.W., Striegl, R.G., Dornblaser, M.M., and Van Metre, P., 2002, Mercury loading and methylmercury production and cycling in high-altitude lakes from the Western United States: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus, v. 2, no. 2, p. 233-249, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020162811104.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"249","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, Grand Teton National Park, Lassen Volcanic National Park, Rocky Mountain National Park, Sequoia National Park, 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Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. pcvanmet@usgs.gov","contributorId":486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","email":"pcvanmet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70038220,"text":"70038220 - 2002 - Mercury on the move during snowmelt in Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-10T17:21:43.680117","indexId":"70038220","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury on the move during snowmelt in Vermont","docAbstract":"Although mercury (Hg) emissions peaked in the United States over the last 20 to 40 years and are now declining, they remain well above natural background levels in soils and sediments. Only a small fraction of the Hg deposited from the atmosphere to the terrestrial landscape runs off in streamflow. However, some of this Hg is methylated in the environment and can potentially bioaccumulate to the top of food webs, posing a hazard to people who eat fish, especially children and pregnant women. What factors determine the amount of Hg that runs off in streams? During the 2000 snowmelt at Sleepers River in Vermont, strong correlations were found between dissolved and particulate mercury and the respective dissolved and particulate organic carbon fractions, even when data were pooled from 10 streams of diverse watershed size and land cover. Episodic export of particulate Hg during the highest flows appears to be the dominant mechanism of Hg movement.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002EO000031","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., Schuster, P., Reddy, M., Roth, D., Taylor, H.E., and Aiken, G., 2002, Mercury on the move during snowmelt in Vermont: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 83, no. 5, p. 45-48, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002EO000031.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002eo000031","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":254617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -72.48779296875,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -71.47705078125,\n 45.042478050891546\n ],\n [\n -73.47656249999999,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 42.66628070564928\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5426e4b0c8380cd6cec7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, P. F.","contributorId":30197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roth, D.A.","contributorId":100864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70157405,"text":"70157405 - 2002 - Improving a regional model using reduced complexity and parameter estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T16:51:07.573419","indexId":"70157405","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-29T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving a regional model using reduced complexity and parameter estimation","docAbstract":"The availability of powerful desktop computers and graphical user interfaces for ground water flow models makes possible the construction of ever more complex models. A proposed copper-zinc sulfide mine in northern Wisconsin offers a unique case in which the same hydrologic system has been modeled using a variety of techniques covering a wide range of sophistication and complexity. Early in the permitting process, simple numerical models were used to evaluate the necessary amount of water to be pumped from the mine, reductions in streamflow, and the drawdowns in the regional aquifer. More complex models have subsequently been used in an attempt to refine the predictions. Even after so much modeling effort, questions regarding the accuracy and reliability of the predictions remain.
\nWe have performed a new analysis of the proposed mine using the two-dimensional analytic element code GFLOW coupled with the nonlinear parameter estimation code UCODE. The new model is parsimonious, containing fewer than 10 parameters, and covers a region several times larger in areal extent than any of the previous models. The model demonstrates the suitability of analytic element codes for use with parameter estimation codes. The simplified model results are similar to the more complex models; predicted mine inflows and UCODE-derived 95% confidence intervals are consistent with the previous predictions. More important, the large areal extent of the model allowed us to examine hydrological features not included in the previous models, resulting in new insights about the effects that far-field boundary conditions can have on near-field model calibration and parameterization. In this case, the addition of surface water runoff into a lake in the headwaters of a stream while holding recharge constant moved a regional ground watershed divide and resulted in some of the added water being captured by the adjoining basin. Finally, a simple analytical solution was used to clarify the GFLOW model's prediction that, for a model that is properly calibrated for heads, regional drawdowns are relatively unaffected by the choice of aquifer properties, but that mine inflows are strongly affected. Paradoxically, by reducing model complexity, we have increased the understanding gained from the modeling effort.
\nNo abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs05102","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Schuster, P.F., 2002, Glacial ice cores reveal a record of natural and anthropogenic atmospheric mercury deposition for the last 270 years: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 051-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05102.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":60657,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123169,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0051/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50088,"text":"fs11302 - 2002 - Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Coconino Plateau of northern Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-13T17:23:18","indexId":"fs11302","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"113-02","title":"Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Coconino Plateau of northern Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","docAbstract":"The water resources of the Coconino Plateau in northern Arizona are under increasing demand as a result of development. The population of this arid region continues to grow, and the number of visitors to the many national and state parks and monuments in the region has increased annually. The sustainability, protection, and maintenance of springs and seeps and associated riparian habitat on the Coconino Plateau are major issues that have broad public and governmental support.
\nRegional stakeholders agree that an improved understanding of the regional hydrogeologic system is needed to address the concerns of water supply and ground-water sustainability. The base of information required to adequately describe the hydrogeology of the Coconino Plateau currently does not exist. Hydrogeologic data is most abundant for large population centers like Flagstaff and Sedona, but is sparse for less populated areas like Williams, Tusayan, Valle, and Cameron. There are still large parts of the Coconino Plateau for which there is no basic geologic or hydrologic information available. In order to develop a hydrogeologic framework for the Coconino Plateau, a comprehensive effort is needs to compile existent data and collect additional data to fill in data gaps and reinforce limited information.
\nIn 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began an assessment of the hydrogeology of the Coconino Plateau in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) as part of the Rural Watershed Initiative, a program established by the State of Arizona and managed by the ADWR. Assessments also are underway in the upper-middle Verde River watershed (Woodhouse and others, 2002) to the south and in the Mogollon Highlands to the southeast (Parker and Flynn, 2000).
\nEach study has as its objectives: (1) the collection, compilation, and evaluation of all existing geologic, hydrologic, and related data pertaining to the study area and the creation of a database that is readily accessible to the public and (2) the development of an understanding of the hydrogeologic framework, which is the relation between hydrologic and geologic properties, that can be used for water-resources management purposes and that will support the development of conceptual and interpretive models that can be used to evaluate the effects of climate and water use on regional water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs11302","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Flynn, M., and Bills, D., 2002, Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the Coconino Plateau of northern Arizona: a project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 113-02, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11302.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288602,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0113-02/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Coconino Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.2018,34.4884 ], [ -113.2018,36.9257 ], [ -110.8575,36.9257 ], [ -110.8575,34.4884 ], [ -113.2018,34.4884 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c8e4b07f02db4ab7e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bills, Donald J. djbills@usgs.gov","contributorId":4180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Donald J.","email":"djbills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":240748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50087,"text":"fs11202 - 2002 - Fractured-rock aquifers, understanding an increasingly important source of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-30T14:21:52.330419","indexId":"fs11202","displayToPublicDate":"2004-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"112-02","title":"Fractured-rock aquifers, understanding an increasingly important source of water","docAbstract":"Ground water is one of the Nation's most important natural resources. It provides drinking water to communities, supports industry and agriculture, and sustains streams and wetlands. A long record of contributions exists in understanding ground-water movement in sand and gravel aquifers; historically, these aquifers were easily accessible and the first to be investigated. With increased demand for water, communities are looking to fractured-rock aquifers, where water moves through fractures in the rock. Fractures, however, may not always convey or store large quantities of water. Understanding ground-water flow through fractured-rock aquifers is an area of ground-water research that will have increasing importance to our Nation over the coming years. Many areas of the United States rely on fractured-rock aquifers for water supply. In addition, areas experiencing population growth in the Northeast, Southeast, and mountainous regions of the West are likely to rely heavily on water supplies from fractured-rock aquifers. Finding water for thirsty communities, however, is not the only societal issue requiring an understanding of ground-water flow in fractured rock. Land-use practices affect water quality in fractured-rock aquifers, particularly where ground water flows rapidly through fractures. Fractured rock aquifers also are viewed as potential repositories for radioactive and other types of waste, where it is desirable for the ground water to be inaccessible or move at a very slow rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs11202","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., 2002, Fractured-rock aquifers, understanding an increasingly important source of water: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 112-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11202.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0112/fs11202.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 112-02"},{"id":125124,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0112/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a945e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69614,"text":"i2756 - 2002 - Northern Everglades, Florida, satellite image map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-18T20:48:40.608266","indexId":"i2756","displayToPublicDate":"2004-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2756","title":"Northern Everglades, Florida, satellite image map","docAbstract":"These satellite image maps are one product of the USGS Land Characteristics from Remote Sensing project, funded through the USGS Place-Based Studies Program with support from the Everglades National Park. The objective of this project is to develop and apply innovative remote sensing and geographic information system techniques to map the distribution of vegetation, vegetation characteristics, and related hydrologic variables through space and over time. The mapping and description of vegetation characteristics and their variations are necessary to accurately simulate surface hydrology and other surface processes in South Florida and to monitor land surface changes. As part of this research, data from many airborne and satellite imaging systems have been georeferenced and processed to facilitate data fusion and analysis. These image maps were created using image fusion techniques developed as part of this project.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2756","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., and Jones, J., 2002, Northern Everglades, Florida, satellite image map: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2756, 1 Plate: 52.43 x 39.95 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2756.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 52.43 x 39.95 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2756/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":6253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2756/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Northern Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.13333333333334,25.916666666666668 ], [ -80.13333333333334,26.716666666666665 ], [ -80.01666666666667,26.716666666666665 ], [ -80.01666666666667,25.916666666666668 ], [ -80.13333333333334,25.916666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696cb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Jean-Claude","contributorId":58307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jean-Claude","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44609,"text":"wri20024200 - 2002 - Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin Between Cochiti and San Acacia, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"wri20024200","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4200","title":"Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin Between Cochiti and San Acacia, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This report describes a three-dimensional, finite difference, ground-water-flow model of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system within the Middle Rio Grande Basin between Cochiti and San Acacia, New Mexico. The aquifer system is composed of the Santa Fe Group of middle Tertiary to Quaternary age and post-Santa Fe Group valley and basin-fill deposits of Quaternary age.\r\n\r\nPopulation increases in the basin since the 1940's have caused dramatic increases in ground-water withdrawals from the aquifer system, resulting in large ground-water-level declines. Because the Rio Grande is hydraulically connected to the aquifer system, these ground-water withdrawals have also decreased flow in the Rio Grande. Concern about water resources in the basin led to the development of a research plan for the basin focused on the hydrologic interaction of ground water and surface water (McAda, D.P., 1996, Plan of study to quantify the hydrologic relation between the Rio Grande and the Santa Fe Group aquifer system near Albuquerque, central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4006, 58 p.). A multiyear research effort followed, funded and conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies (Bartolino, J.R., and Cole, J.C., 2002, Ground-water resources of the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1222, 132 p.). The modeling work described in this report incorporates the results of much of this work and is the culmination of this multiyear study. \r\n\r\nThe purpose of the model is (1) to integrate the components of the ground-water-flow system, including the hydrologic interaction between the surface-water systems in the basin, to better understand the geohydrology of the basin and (2) to provide a tool to help water managers plan for and administer the use of basin water resources. The aquifer system is represented by nine model layers extending from the water table to the pre-Santa Fe Group basement rocks, as much as 9,000 feet below the NGVD 29. The horizontal grid contains 156 rows and 80 columns, each spaced 3,281 feet (1 kilometer) apart. The model simulates predevelopment steady-state conditions and historical transient conditions from 1900 to March 2000 in 1 steady-state and 52 historical stress periods. Average annual conditions are simulated prior to 1990, and seasonal (winter and irrigation season) conditions are simulated from 1990 to March 2000. The model simulates mountain-front, tributary, and subsurface recharge; canal, irrigation, and septic-field seepage; and ground-water withdrawal as specified-flow boundaries. The model simulates the Rio Grande, riverside drains, Jemez River, Jemez Canyon Reservoir, Cochiti Lake, riparian evapotranspiration, and interior drains as head-dependent flow boundaries. \r\n\r\nHydrologic properties representing the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the ground-water-flow model are horizontal hydraulic conductivity, vertical hydraulic conductivity, specific storage, and specific yield. Variable horizontal anisotropy is applied to the model so that hydraulic conductivity in the north-south direction (along model columns) is greater than hydraulic conductivity in the east-west direction (along model rows) over much of the model. This pattern of horizontal anisotropy was simulated to reflect the generally north-south orientation of faulting over much of the modeled area. With variable horizontal anisotropy, horizontal hydraulic conductivities in the model range from 0.05 to 60 feet per day. Vertical hydraulic conductivity is specified in the model as a horizontal to vertical anisotropy ratio (calculated to be 150:1 in the model) multiplied by the horizontal hydraulic conductivity along rows. Specific storage was estimated to be 2 x 10-6 per foot in the model. Specific yield was estimated to be 0.2 (dimensionless). \r\n\r\nA ground-water-flow model is a tool that can integrate the complex interactions of hydrologic boundary conditions, aquifer materials","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20024200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer and the City of Albuquerque Public Work Department","usgsCitation":"McAda, D.P., and Barroll, P., 2002, Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin Between Cochiti and San Acacia, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4200, Report: v, 81 p.; Data: Zip File, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024200.","productDescription":"Report: v, 81 p.; Data: Zip File","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":167971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10815,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri02-4200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110,31 ], [ -110,40 ], [ -101,40 ], [ -101,31 ], [ -110,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649192","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAda, Douglas P. dpmcada@usgs.gov","contributorId":2763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAda","given":"Douglas","email":"dpmcada@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barroll, Peggy","contributorId":16077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barroll","given":"Peggy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47755,"text":"wri20024245 - 2002 - Trends in Streamflow, River Ice, and Snowpack for Coastal River Basins in Maine During the 20th Century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"wri20024245","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4245","title":"Trends in Streamflow, River Ice, and Snowpack for Coastal River Basins in Maine During the 20th Century","docAbstract":"Trends over the 20th Century were examined in streamflow, river ice, and snowpack for coastal river basins in Maine. Trends over time were tested in the timing and magnitude of seasonal river flows, the occurrence and duration of river ice, and changes in snowpack depth, equivalent water content, and density. Significant trends toward earlier spring peak flow and earlier center-of-volume runoff dates were found in the extended streamflow record spanning 1906-21 and 1929-2000. Only one of the six coastal rivers in the study analyzed for trends in cumulative runoff had a significant change in total annual runoff volume. Last spring river-ice-off dates at most coastal streamflow-gaging stations examined are trending to earlier dates. Trends in later fall initial onset of ice also are evident, although these trends are significant at fewer stations than that observed for ice-off dates. Later ice-on dates in the fall and (or) earlier ice-off dates in the spring contribute to a statistically significant decrease over time in the total number of days of ice occurrence at most gaging stations on coastal rivers in Maine. The longest, most complete snow records in coastal Maine indicate an increase in snow density for the March 1 snow-survey date during the last 60 years. The historical\r\ntrends in streamflow, ice, and snow are all consistent with an earlier onset of hydrologic spring conditions in coastal Maine.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20024245","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Maine Atlantic Salmon Commission","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., and Hodgkins, G.A., 2002, Trends in Streamflow, River Ice, and Snowpack for Coastal River Basins in Maine During the 20th Century: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4245, vi, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024245.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9911,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://me.water.usgs.gov/reports/wrir02-4245.pdf","size":"2728","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100054,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4245/report.pdf","size":"3546","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4245/report-thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71,43.5 ], [ -71,45.5 ], [ -67,45.5 ], [ -67,43.5 ], [ -71,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697c78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47744,"text":"wri20024170 - 2002 - Estimating the magnitude of peak flows at selected recurrence intervals for streams in Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T12:56:31","indexId":"wri20024170","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4170","title":"Estimating the magnitude of peak flows at selected recurrence intervals for streams in Idaho","docAbstract":"Methods for estimating magnitudes of peak flows at various recurrence intervals, needed for highway-structure and water-control design and planning, were developed for gaged and ungaged sites on streams throughout Idaho. Recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years were selected for analysis of peak flows. For gaged sites in Idaho, peak-flow estimates were calculated by fitting a log-Pearson Type III distribution to the annual peak-flow data for each site. Annual peak flows through 1997 were used in the analysis. Basin and climatic characteristics for these gaged sites were calculated from 1:24,000 digitalelevation models and various thematic data coverages using a geographic information system. Peak- flow data and basin and climatic characteristics for 333 gaged sites were combined to develop a database that was used for the analysis. To estimate the magnitude of peak flows at ungaged sites near gaged sites on the same stream, a method was developed on the basis of drainage-area ratios. To estimate the magnitude of peak flows for ungaged sites on unregulated and undiverted streams, two regional regression methods were developed. The first regression method, termed the regional regression method, used generalized least-squares regression to develop a set of predictive equations for estimating peak flows at selected recurrence intervals for seven hydrologic regions in Idaho. These regional regression equations related basin and climatic characteristics to peak flows. The regional regression equations were all functions of drainage area plus one or two other basin characteristics. Average errors of prediction for these regression equations ranged from +143 percent to 58.8 percent. The range of errors was narrowest,\nfrom about +51.9 to about 34.2, for region 5. Error ranges were usually narrower for the middle recurrence intervals than for the lower and upper recurrence intervals. A computer program was developed to calculate the magnitude of peak flows at each recurrence interval, the average error of prediction, and the 90-percent confidence interval for each ungaged site. The second regression method, termed the region-of-influence method, was used to develop a unique regression equation for each estimate that is based on a subset of gaged sites with values of basin and climatic characteristics similar to those for the ungaged sites. All 333 gages in the database were used to select the subset. Root-mean-squared errors for this method ranged from 55.5 percent to 72.4 percent. Differences in root-mean-squared errors between regional regression equations and the region-of-influence method were quite large. The average difference in root-mean-squared errors for the region-of-influence method was more than 10 percent greater than the average differences for the regional regression equations. For region 5, the average difference was greater than 20 percent. However, for region 8, the root-mean-squared errors were, in general, only slightly smaller for the region-of-influence method than for the regional regression equations.\nThe region-of-influence method is not recommended for use in determining flood-frequency estimates for ungaged sites in Idaho because the results, overall, are less accurate and the calculations are more complex than those of regional regression equations. The regional regression equations were considered to be the primary method of estimating the magnitude and frequency of peak flows for ungaged sites in Idaho.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri20024170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Transportation Department, Idaho Bureau of Disaster Services, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Berenbrock, C., 2002, Estimating the magnitude of peak flows at selected recurrence intervals for streams in Idaho (Legacy Report, Revised July 2007): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4170, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024170.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262362,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/report.pdf"},{"id":262363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":265415,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/"},{"id":265416,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/data/wrir20024170_idregeq.zip"},{"id":266779,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4170/idregeq.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Montana;Nevada;Oregon;Washington;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.07,41.02 ], [ -119.07,49.0 ], [ -109.74,49.0 ], [ -109.74,41.02 ], [ -119.07,41.02 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Legacy Report, Revised July 2007","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a9e4b07f02db5c366b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50826,"text":"wri024015 - 2002 - Geologic framework of the regional ground-water flow system in the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:14:04","indexId":"wri024015","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4015","title":"Geologic framework of the regional ground-water flow system in the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Ground water is increasingly relied upon to satisfy the needs of a growing population in the upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon. Hydrogeologic studies are being undertaken to aid in management of the ground-water resource. An understanding of the geologic factors influencing ground-water flow is basic to those investigations. The geology of the area has a direct effect on the occurrence and movement of ground water. The permeability and storage properties of rock material are influenced by the proportion, size, and degree of interconnection of open spaces the rocks contain. These properties are the result of primary geologic processes such as volcanism and sedimentation, as well as subsequent processes such as faulting, weathering, or hydrothermal alteration. The geologic landscape in the study area evolved during about 30 million years of volcanic activity related to a north-south trending volcanic arc, the current manifestation of which are today’s Cascade Range volcanoes.
\nThe oldest rock unit in the upper Deschutes Basin study area, the John Day Formation, is a sequence of upper Eocene to lower Miocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Weathering and alteration of the rocks has resulted in very low permeability; consequently, the unit forms the hydrologic basement for the regional ground- water flow system throughout much of the area. The Deschutes Formation and age-equivalent deposits that overlie the John Day Formation, in contrast, are highly permeable and are the most widely used ground-water-bearing units in the study area. The Deschutes Formation consists of a variety of volcanic and sedimentary deposits ranging in age from late Miocene to Pliocene (approximately 7.5 to 4.0 million years). Three distinct depositional environments previously described for the formation provide useful hydrogeologic subdivisions. The ancestral Deschutes River deposits and some units within the arc- adjacent alluvial-plain region are among the highest yielding units within the Deschutes Formation, with some wells producing up to a few thousand gallons per minute. Opal Springs basalt, Pelton basalt, and the rhyodacite dome complex near Steelhead Falls are particularly productive subunits within the Deschutes Formation and provide tens to hundreds of cubic feet per second of ground-water discharge to the Deschutes and Crooked Rivers, upstream of Round Butte Dam.
\nMost ground-water recharge in the upper Deschutes Basin occurs in Quaternary deposits of the Cascade Range and Newberry Volcano. These deposits are highly permeable, and the fractured character of the lava flows facilitates rapid infiltration of precipitation and snowmelt, as well as movement of ground water to lower elevations. Additional recharge from canal leakage occurs along sections of unlined canals near Bend, constructed on lava flows from Newberry Volcano. Hydrothermal alteration and secondary mineralization at depth beneath the Cascade Range and Newberry Volcano has drastically reduced the permeability of the material in those regions, effectively restricting most ground water to the strata above the altered rocks. The top of the hydrothermally altered region is considered the base of the regional ground-water system beneath the Cascade Range and Newberry Volcano.
\nStructural features influence ground-water flow within the upper Deschutes Basin mainly by juxtaposing materials with contrasting permeability. This juxtaposition can be caused by fault movement or by the influence of a fault on subsequent deposition. Several depositional centers have formed along the base of fault-line scarps or in grabens within the study area, and the infilling sedimentary deposits have permeability that differs from the surrounding rocks. The effects of faults on ground-water flow may be masked in some areas. For example, the water-table gradient changes slope in the vicinity of the Sisters fault zone, but the slope change also corresponds with a major precipitation gradient change; therefore, any influence of the fault zone is unclear.
\nGeologic units in the Deschutes Basin were divided into several distinct hydrogeologic units. In some instances the units correspond to existing stratigraphic divisions. In other instances, hydrogeologic units correspond to different facies within a single stratigraphic unit or formation. The hydrogeologic units include Quaternary sediment, deposits of the Cascade Range and Newberry Volcano, four zones within the Deschutes Formation and age-equivalent rocks that roughly correspond with depositional environments, and pre-Deschutes-age strata.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Water Resources Department; Cities of Bend, Redmond, and Sisters; Deschutes and Jefferson Counties; The Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Lite, K.E., Jr., and Gannett, M.W., 2002, Geologic framework of the regional ground-water\nflow system in the upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations\nReport 02–4015, p. 44.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm. +e 1 map (folded)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298297,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4015/wri02-4015_plate1.jpg","text":"Plate 1","size":"9 MB","description":"Map and Cross Sections showing the Generalized Geology of the Upper Deschutes Basin and Locations of Selected Wells"},{"id":86355,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4015/wri02-4015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"},{"id":120568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4015/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
An analytical method for the determination of 7 triazine and phenylurea herbicides and 12 of their degradation products in natural water samples using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry is presented in this report. Special consideration was given during the development of the method to prevent the formation of degradation products during the analysis. Filtered water samples were analyzed using 0.5 gram graphitized carbon as the solid-phase extraction media followed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Three different water-sample matrices ground-water, surface-water, and reagent-water samples?spiked at 0.2 and 2.0 micrograms per liter were analyzed. Method detection limits ranged from 0.013 to 0.168 microgram per liter for the parent triazine herbicides and the triazine degradation products. Method detection limits ranged from 0.042 to 0.141 microgram per liter for the parent phenylurea herbicides and their degradation products. Mean recoveries for the triazine compounds in the ground- and surface-water samples generally ranged from 72.6 to 117.5 percent, but deethyl-cyanazine amide was recovered at 140.5 percent. Mean recoveries from the ground- and surface-water samples for the phenylurea compounds spiked at the 2.0-micrograms-per-liter level ranged from 82.1 to 114.4 percent. The mean recoveries for the phenylureas spiked at 0.2-microgram per liter were less consistent, ranging from 87.0 to 136.0 percent. Mean recoveries from reagent-water samples ranged from 87.0 to 109.5 percent for all compounds. The triazine compounds and their degradation products are reported in concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 2.0 micrograms per liter, with the exception of deethylcyanazine and deethylcyanazine amide which are reported at 0.20 to 2.0 micrograms per liter. The phenylurea compounds and their degradation products are reported in concentrations ranging from 0.20 to 2.0 micrograms per liter. The upper concentration limit was 2.0 micrograms per liter for all compounds without dilution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02436","usgsCitation":"Lee, E.A., Strahan, A.P., and Thurman, E., 2002, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group: Determination of triazine and phenylurea herbicides and their degradation products in water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-436, vi, 19 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02436.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3955,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/of.02-436.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":135181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bc51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Edward Alan","contributorId":23519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strahan, Alex P.","contributorId":84331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strahan","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, Earl Michael","contributorId":43323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"Earl Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":47754,"text":"wri024207 - 2002 - Hydrogeology and simulated effects of ground-water withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system in Lake County and in the Ocala National Forest and vicinity, north-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:21","indexId":"wri024207","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4207","title":"Hydrogeology and simulated effects of ground-water withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system in Lake County and in the Ocala National Forest and vicinity, north-central Florida","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of Lake County and the Ocala National Forest in north-central Florida was evaluated (1995-2000), and a ground-water flow model was developed and calibrated to simulate the effects of both present day and future ground-water withdrawals in these areas and the surrounding vicinity. A predictive model simulation was performed to determine the effects of projected 2020 ground-water withdrawals on the water levels and flows in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems. \r\n\r\nThe principal water-bearing units in Lake County and the Ocala National Forest are the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems. The two aquifer systems generally are separated by the intermediate confining unit, which contains beds of lower permeability sediments that confine the water in the Florida aquifer system. The Floridan aquifer system has two major water-bearing zones (the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Lower Floridan aquifer), which generally are separated by one or two less-permeable confining units. \r\n\r\nThe Floridan aquifer system is the major source of ground water in the study area. In 1998, ground-water withdrawals totaled about 115 million gallons per day in Lake County and 5.7 million gallons per day in the Ocala National Forest. Of the total ground water pumped in Lake County in 1998, nearly 50 percent was used for agricultural purposes, more than 40 percent for municipal, domestic, and recreation supplies, and less than 10 percent for commercial and industrial purposes. \r\n\r\nFluctuations of lake stages, surficial and Floridan aquifer system water levels, and Upper Floridan aquifer springflows in the study area are highly related to cycles and distribution of rainfall. Long-term hydrographs for 9 lakes, 8 surficial aquifer system and Upper Floridan aquifer wells, and 23 Upper Floridan aquifer springs show the most significant increases in water levels and springflows following consecutive years with above-average rainfall, and significant decreases following consecutive years with below-average rainfall. Long-term (1940-2000) hydrographs of lake and ground-water levels and springflow show a slight downward trend; however, after the early 1960's, this downward trend generally is more pronounced, which corresponds with accumulating rainfall deficits and increased development. \r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey three-dimensional ground-water flow model MODFLOW-2000 was used to simulate ground-water flow in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in Lake County, the Ocala National Forest, and adjacent areas. A steady-state calibration to average 1998 conditions was facilitated by using the inverse modeling capabilities of MODFLOW-2000. Values of hydrologic properties from the calibrated model were in reasonably close agreement with independently estimated values and results from previous modeling studies. The calibrated model generally produced simulated water levels and flows in reasonably close agreement with measured values and was used to simulate the hydrologic effects of projected 2020 conditions. \r\n\r\nGround-water withdrawals in the model area have been projected to increase from 470 million gallons per day in 1998 to 704 million gallons per day in 2020. Significant drawdowns were simulated in Lake County from average 1998 to projected 2020 conditions: the average and maximum drawdowns, respectively, were 0.5 and 5.7 feet in the surficial aquifer system, 1.1 and 7.6 feet in the Upper Floridan aquifer, and 1.4 and 4.3 feet in the Lower Floridan aquifer. The largest drawdowns in Lake County were simulated in the southeastern corner of the County and in the vicinities of Clermont and Mount Dora. Closed-basin lakes and wetlands are more likely to be affected by future pumping in these large drawdown areas, as opposed to other areas of Lake County. However, within the Ocala National Forest, drawdowns were relatively small: the average and maximum drawdowns, respectively, were 0.1 and 1.0 feet in the surficial aquifer system, 0.2 and ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024207","usgsCitation":"Knowles, L., O’Reilly, A.M., and Adamski, J.C., 2002, Hydrogeology and simulated effects of ground-water withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system in Lake County and in the Ocala National Forest and vicinity, north-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4207, x, 140 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024207.","productDescription":"x, 140 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4082,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":170429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691dad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Leel Jr.","contributorId":14857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Leel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adamski, James C.","contributorId":20316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adamski","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44568,"text":"wri024241 - 2002 - Simulation of runoff and recharge and estimation of constituent loads in runoff, Edwards aquifer recharge zone (outcrop) and catchment area, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T11:25:49","indexId":"wri024241","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4241","title":"Simulation of runoff and recharge and estimation of constituent loads in runoff, Edwards aquifer recharge zone (outcrop) and catchment area, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2000","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey developed a watershed model (Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN) to simulate runoff and recharge and to estimate constituent loads in surface-water runoff in the Edwards aquifer recharge zone (outcrop) and catchment area in Bexar County, Texas. Rainfall and runoff data collected during 1970–98 from four gaged basins in the outcrop and catchment area were used to calibrate and test the model. The calibration parameters were applied in simulations of the four calibration basins and six ungaged basins that compose the study area to obtain runoff and recharge volumes for 4 years, 1997–2000. In 1997, simulated runoff from the study area was 5.62 inches. Simulated recharge in the study area was 7.85 inches (20 percent of rainfall). In 1998, simulated runoff was 11.05 inches; simulated recharge was 10.99 inches (25 percent of rainfall). In 1999, simulated runoff was 0.66 inch; simulated recharge was 3.03 inches (19 percent of rainfall). In 2000, simulated runoff was 5.29 inches; simulated recharge was 7.19 inches (21 percent of rainfall). During 1997– 2000, direct infiltration of rainfall accounted for about 56 percent of the total Edwards aquifer recharge in Bexar County. Streamflow losses contributed about 37 percent of the recharge; flood impoundment contributed 7 percent. The simulated runoff volumes were used with event-mean-concentration data from basins in the study area and from other Bexar County basins to compute constituent loads and yields for various land uses. Annual loads for suspended solids, dissolved solids, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, and total lead were consistently largest from undeveloped land and smallest from commercial land or transportation corridors. Annual loads and yields varied with rainfall, with the maximum loads produced in the wettest year (1998) and the minimum loads produced in the driest year (1999).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024241","collaboration":"In cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., 2002, Simulation of runoff and recharge and estimation of constituent loads in runoff, Edwards aquifer recharge zone (outcrop) and catchment area, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4241, HTML Document; Report: iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024241.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iv, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3691,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri02-4241/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":335490,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri02-4241/pdf/wri02-4241.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.37570190429688,\n 29.725626031458884\n ],\n [\n -98.37982177734375,\n 29.73397374010606\n ],\n [\n -98.39492797851562,\n 29.735762444449076\n ],\n [\n -98.40660095214844,\n 29.746494000631543\n ],\n [\n -98.41690063476561,\n 29.74589783319499\n ],\n [\n -98.41896057128906,\n 29.738743547471547\n ],\n [\n -98.42582702636719,\n 29.729799972602226\n ],\n [\n -98.44024658203124,\n 29.723837146389066\n ],\n [\n 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Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-369","title":"Santa Clara Valley water district multi-aquifer monitoring-well site, Coyote Creek Outdoor Classroom, San Jose, California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD), has completed the first of several multiple-aquifer monitoring-well sites in the Santa Clara Valley. This site monitors ground-water levels and chemistry in the one of the major historic subsidence regions south of San Jose, California, at the Coyote Creek Outdoor Classroom (CCOC) (fig. 1) and provides additional basic information about the geology, hydrology, geochemistry, and subsidence potential of the upper- and lower-aquifer systems that is a major source of public water supply in the Santa Clara Valley. The site also serves as a science education exhibit at the outdoor classroom operated by SCVWD.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02369","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Newhouse, M., Wentworth, C., Williams, C., Noce, T., and Bennett, M., 2002, Santa Clara Valley water district multi-aquifer monitoring-well site, Coyote Creek Outdoor Classroom, San Jose, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-369, p. 4, illus. incl. strat. col., sketch map, 3 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02369.","productDescription":"p. 4, illus. incl. strat. col., sketch map, 3 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4342,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02369/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdcc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newhouse, M.W.","contributorId":65892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhouse","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wentworth, C. M. 0000-0003-2569-569X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":106466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, C.F. 0000-0003-2196-5496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":20401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Noce, T.E.","contributorId":54285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noce","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bennett, M.J.","contributorId":67504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":47505,"text":"ofr02343 - 2002 - Hydrologic, sediment, and biological data associated with irrigation drainage in the middle Green River basin, Utah and Colorado, water years 1991-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T16:22:28","indexId":"ofr02343","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-343","title":"Hydrologic, sediment, and biological data associated with irrigation drainage in the middle Green River basin, Utah and Colorado, water years 1991-2000","docAbstract":"Hydrologic, sediment, and biological data were collected in the middle Green River basin in eastern Utah from 1991 to 2000 in an effort to monitor the effects of irrigation drainage on wetland areas and streams, aid in the development of remediation plans, and evaluate the effectiveness of selenium remediation efforts at Stewart Lake Waterfowl Management Area (WMA). Data consist primarily of selenium concentrations in surface water, ground water, bottom sediment, and biological samples. Supporting hydrologic data include field measurements of temperature, pH, specific conductance, water levels in wells, and discharge at surface-water sites. Selected water samples also were analyzed for major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and gross alpha and beta radiation. The concentration of selected selenium species is reported for several bottom-sediment samples from Stewart Lake WMA and the concentration of total selenium in suspended-sediment samples from the area are included. Well logs for six wells installed at Stewart Lake WMA are presented along with trace-element data for several biological samples collected at selected sites throughout the middle Green River basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr02343","usgsCitation":"Rowland, R.C., Allen, D.V., Stephens, D.W., Yahnke, J.W., Darnall, N.L., and Waddell, B., 2002, Hydrologic, sediment, and biological data associated with irrigation drainage in the middle Green River basin, Utah and Colorado, water years 1991-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-343, viii, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02343.","productDescription":"viii, 112 p.","numberOfPages":"120","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339526,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02343/pdf/ofr02343.pdf"},{"id":3957,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02343/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Middle Green River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.40710449218749,\n 38.14751758025121\n ],\n [\n -107.7264404296875,\n 38.14751758025121\n ],\n [\n -107.7264404296875,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -110.40710449218749,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -110.40710449218749,\n 38.14751758025121\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Prepared as part of the National Irrigation Drainage Water-Quality Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66db45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowland, Ryan C. rrowland@usgs.gov","contributorId":3606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Ryan","email":"rrowland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":235579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, David V.","contributorId":75989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephens, Doyle W.","contributorId":40195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Doyle","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yahnke, James W.","contributorId":89590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yahnke","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Darnall, Nathan L.","contributorId":50953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darnall","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Waddell, Bruce","contributorId":55033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waddell","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":235582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":50501,"text":"ofr02265 - 2002 - Hydrogeologic data for the Coconino Plateau and adjacent areas, Coconino and Yavapai counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-25T09:54:46","indexId":"ofr02265","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-265","title":"Hydrogeologic data for the Coconino Plateau and adjacent areas, Coconino and Yavapai counties, Arizona","docAbstract":"Data on geology, topography, hydrology, climate, land use, and vegetation were compiled between October 2000 and September 2001 and assembled into a database for use by local and regional waterresource managers and for future water-resource investigations. The hydrologic data include information on wells, springs, streamflow, water chemistry, and water use. Limitations of the data and additional data needs also were prepared. The roughly 5,000-square-mile Coconino Plateau contains a complex regional aquifer that has become increasingly important as a source of water supply for domestic, municipal, and in-stream uses owing to population growth and development. The flow characteristics of the regional aquifer are poorly understood because the aquifer is deeply buried, which limits exploratory drilling and testing, and because the geologic structure, which controls the occurrence and movement of ground water, is complex. The study area is about 10,300 square miles and, besides containing the entire Coconino Plateau, includes parts of adjacent areas where ground water from the Coconino Plateau discharges. Selected data are presented in tabular or graphical form. All data are available in electronic form.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/ofr02265","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Williams","usgsCitation":"Bills, D., and Flynn, M., 2002, Hydrogeologic data for the Coconino Plateau and adjacent areas, Coconino and Yavapai counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-265, Report: vi, 29 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02265.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287825,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02265.gif"},{"id":287824,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0265/report.pdf"},{"id":296283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0265/","size":"6.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296284,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0265/ofr02-265_Tables1-7.xls","size":"5.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County, Yavapai County","otherGeospatial":"Coconino Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.0,35.0 ], [ -113.0,36.5 ], [ -111.0,36.5 ], [ -111.0,35.0 ], [ -113.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae11c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, Donald J. djbills@usgs.gov","contributorId":4180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Donald J.","email":"djbills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}