{"pageNumber":"323","pageRowStart":"8050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10454,"records":[{"id":70019766,"text":"70019766 - 1997 - Flood dependency of cottonwood establishment along the Missouri River, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-22T16:27:04.407605","indexId":"70019766","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood dependency of cottonwood establishment along the Missouri River, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"

Flow variability plays a central role in structuring the physical environment of riverine ecosystems. However, natural variability in flows along many rivers has been modified by water management activities. We quantified the relationship between flow and establishment of the dominant tree (plains cottonwood, Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) along one of the least hydrologically altered alluvial reaches of the Missouri River: Coal Banks Landing to Landusky, Montana. Our purpose was to refine our understanding of how local fluvial geomorphic processes condition the relationship between flow regime and cottonwood recruitment. We determined date and elevation of tree establishment and related this information to historical peak stage and discharge over a 112-yr hydrologic record. Of the excavated trees, 72% were established in the year of a flow >1400 m3/s (recurrence interval of 9.3 yr) or in the following 2 yr. Flows of this magnitude or greater create the necessary bare, moist establishment sites at an elevation high enough to allow cottonwoods to survive subsequent floods and ice jams. Almost all cottonwoods that have survived the most recent flood (1978) were established >1.2 m above the lower limit of perennial vegetation (active channel shelf). Most younger individuals were established between 0 and 1.2 m, and are unlikely to survive over the long term. Protection of riparian cottonwood forest along this National Wild and Scenic section of the Missouri River depends upon maintaining the historical magnitude, frequency, and duration of floods >1400 m3/s. Here, a relatively narrow valley constrains lateral channel movement that could otherwise facilitate cottonwood recruitment at lower flows. Effective management of flows to promote or maintain cottonwood recruitment requires an understanding of locally dominant fluvial geomorphic processes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0677:FDOCEA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Scott, M.L., Auble, G.T., and Friedman, J.M., 1997, Flood dependency of cottonwood establishment along the Missouri River, Montana, USA: Ecological Applications, v. 7, no. 2, p. 677-690, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0677:FDOCEA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"690","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227808,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.9507872241736,\n 48.31772840275332\n ],\n [\n -112.4262969698602,\n 48.31772840275332\n ],\n [\n -112.4262969698602,\n 46.27250274746859\n ],\n [\n -107.9507872241736,\n 46.27250274746859\n ],\n [\n -107.9507872241736,\n 48.31772840275332\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10e7e4b0c8380cd53e52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70246425,"text":"70246425 - 1997 - Water-level changes in response to the 20 December 1994 earthquake near Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-06T16:50:00.786049","indexId":"70246425","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T11:41:12","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7571,"text":"Bulletin of Seismological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-level changes in response to the 20 December 1994 earthquake near Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"

We analyze co-seismic changes of water level in nine wells near Parkfield, California, produced by an MD 4.7 earthquake on 20 December 1994 in order to test the hypothesis that co-seismic water-level changes are proportional to co-seismic volumetric strain. For each well, a quantitative relationship between water level and volumetric strain can be inferred from water-level fluctuations due to earth tides and barometric pressure. The observed co-seismic water-level changes, which ranged from −16 to +34 cm, can therefore be compared with volumetric strain recorded by borehole strainmeters or calculated using a dislocation model of the earthquake. We were able to find a dislocation model of the earthquake rupture that predicts volumetric expansion at five of the six wells where water level fell co-seismically, as well as volumetric contraction at one of the two sites where water level rose. Strain predicted by the dislocation model is in good quantitative agreement with the strain inferred from water-level changes observed at four of the well sites, as well as strain recorded by three borehole strainmeters. Water-level changes at two more well sites correspond to strain somewhat greater than predicted by the model but agree in sign with model-calculated strains. At three of the well sites, however, water-level changes took place that cannot be explained as responses to co-seismic volumetric strain for any plausible dislocation model of the earthquake rupture. At two of these sites, one in and one near the San Andreas fault, large water-level drops are probably influenced by co-seismic fault creep. The third site has a history of large water-level rises in response to earthquakes at distances up to several hundred kilometers. This data set shows that co-seismic water-level changes in many wells are proportional to volumetric strain but that other wells exist in which different mechanisms dominate co-seismic response.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0870020310","usgsCitation":"Quilty, E., and Roeloffs, E.A., 1997, Water-level changes in response to the 20 December 1994 earthquake near Parkfield, California: Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, v. 87, no. 2, p. 310-317, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0870020310.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"310","endPage":"317","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.625,\n 36.125\n ],\n [\n -120.625,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -120.3,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -120.3,\n 36.125\n ],\n [\n -120.625,\n 36.125\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quilty, Eddie","contributorId":190886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quilty","given":"Eddie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roeloffs, Evelyn A. 0000-0002-4761-0469 evelynr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-0469","contributorId":2680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"Evelyn","email":"evelynr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176678,"text":"70176678 - 1997 - Perceptions of species abundance, distribution, and diversity: Lessons from four decades of sampling on a government-managed reserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T11:39:54","indexId":"70176678","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perceptions of species abundance, distribution, and diversity: Lessons from four decades of sampling on a government-managed reserve","docAbstract":"

We examined data relative to species abundance, distribution, and diversity patterns of reptiles and amphibians to determine how perceptions change over time and with level of sampling effort. Location data were compiled on more than one million individual captures or observations of 98 species during a 44-year study period on the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Savannah River Site National Environmental Research Park (SRS-NERP) in South Carolina. We suggest that perceptions of herpetofaunal species diversity are strongly dependent on level of effort and that land management decisions based on short-term data bases for some faunal groups could result in serious errors in environmental management. We provide evidence that acquiring information on biodiversity distribution patterns is compatible with multiyear spatially extensive research programs and also provide a perspective of what might be achieved if long-term, coordinated research efforts were instituted nationwide.

To conduct biotic surveys on government-managed lands, we recommend revisions in the methods used by government agencies to acquire and report biodiversity data. We suggest that government and industry employees engaged in biodiversity survey efforts develop proficiency in field identification for one or more major taxonomic groups and be encouraged to measure the status of populations quantitatively with consistent and reliable methodologies. We also suggest that widespread academic cooperation in the dissemination of information on regional patterns of biodiversity could result by establishment of a peer-reviewed, scientifically rigorous journal concerned with status and trends of the biota of the United States.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002679900025","usgsCitation":"Gibbons, J., Burke, V.J., Lovich, J.E., Semlitsch, R.D., Tuberville, T.D., Bodie, J., Greene, J.L., Niewiarowski, P.H., Whiteman, H.H., Scott, D., Pechmann, J.H., Harrison, C.R., Bennett, S.H., Krenz, J.D., Mills, M.S., Buhlmann, K., Lee, J.R., Seigel, R.A., Tucker, A.D., Mills, T.M., Lamb, T., Dorcas, M.E., Congdon, J.D., Smith, M.H., Nelson, D.H., Dietsch, M.B., Hanlin, H.G., Ott, J.A., and Karapatakis, D.J., 1997, Perceptions of species abundance, distribution, and diversity: Lessons from four decades of sampling on a government-managed reserve: Environmental Management, v. 21, no. 2, p. 259-268, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900025.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"268","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fea85ae4b0824b2d151ba8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbons, J. Whitfield","contributorId":46584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"J. Whitfield","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, Vincent J.","contributorId":106563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovich, Jefferey E.","contributorId":119706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jefferey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Semlitsch, Raymond D.","contributorId":174906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Semlitsch","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tuberville, Tracey D.","contributorId":95823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuberville","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bodie, J. Russell","contributorId":174907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodie","given":"J. Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Greene, Judith L.","contributorId":174908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Niewiarowski, Peter H.","contributorId":174909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niewiarowski","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Whiteman, Howard H.","contributorId":174910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whiteman","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Scott, David E.","contributorId":15923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"David E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pechmann, Joseph H. K.","contributorId":174911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pechmann","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Harrison, Christopher R.","contributorId":174912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bennett, Stephen H.","contributorId":174913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Krenz, John D.","contributorId":174914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krenz","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Mills, Mark S.","contributorId":174915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Buhlmann, Kurt A.","contributorId":167780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buhlmann","given":"Kurt A.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Lee, John R.","contributorId":174916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Seigel, Richard A.","contributorId":113363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seigel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Tucker, Anton D.","contributorId":79232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Anton","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Mills, Tony M.","contributorId":174917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Lamb, Trip","contributorId":15146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Trip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Dorcas, Michael E.","contributorId":100515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorcas","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12984,"text":"Department of Biology, Davidson College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Congdon, Justin D.","contributorId":60563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Congdon","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Smith, Michael H.","contributorId":111664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Nelson, David H.","contributorId":174918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Dietsch, M. Barbara","contributorId":174919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietsch","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Barbara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Hanlin, Hugh G.","contributorId":174920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanlin","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Ott, Jeannine A.","contributorId":174921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ott","given":"Jeannine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Karapatakis, Deno J.","contributorId":174922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karapatakis","given":"Deno","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}} ,{"id":70197195,"text":"70197195 - 1997 - Classification of mineral deposits into types using mineralogy with a probabilistic neural network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T16:40:56","indexId":"70197195","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of mineral deposits into types using mineralogy with a probabilistic neural network","docAbstract":"

In order to determine whether it is desirable to quantify mineral-deposit models further, a test of the ability of a probabilistic neural network to classify deposits into types based on mineralogy was conducted. Presence or absence of ore and alteration mineralogy in well-typed deposits were used to train the network. To reduce the number of minerals considered, the analyzed data were restricted to minerals present in at least 20% of at least one deposit type. An advantage of this restriction is that single or rare occurrences of minerals did not dominate the results. Probabilistic neural networks can provide mathematically sound confidence measures based on Bayes theorem and are relatively insensitive to outliers. Founded on Parzen density estimation, they require no assumptions about distributions of random variables used for classification, even handling multimodal distributions. They train quickly and work as well as, or better than, multiple-layer feedforward networks. Tests were performed with a probabilistic neural network employing a Gaussian kernel and separate sigma weights for each class and each variable. The training set was reduced to the presence or absence of 58 reported minerals in eight deposit types. The training set included: 49 Cyprus massive sulfide deposits; 200 kuroko massive sulfide deposits; 59 Comstock epithermal vein gold districts; 17 quartzalunite epithermal gold deposits; 25 Creede epithermal gold deposits; 28 sedimentary-exhalative zinc-lead deposits; 28 Sado epithermal vein gold deposits; and 100 porphyry copper deposits. The most common training problem was the error of classifying about 27% of Cyprus-type deposits in the training set as kuroko. In independent tests with deposits not used in the training set, 88% of 224 kuroko massive sulfide deposits were classed correctly, 92% of 25 porphyry copper deposits, 78% of 9 Comstock epithermal gold-silver districts, and 83% of six quartzalunite epithermal gold deposits were classed correctly. Across all deposit types, 88% of deposits in the validation dataset were correctly classed. Misclassifications were most common if a deposit was characterized by only a few minerals, e.g., pyrite, chalcopyrite,and sphalerite. The success rate jumped to 98% correctly classed deposits when just two rock types were added. Such a high success rate of the probabilistic neural network suggests that not only should this preliminary test be expanded to include other deposit types, but that other deposit features should be added.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02816922","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., and Kouda, R., 1997, Classification of mineral deposits into types using mineralogy with a probabilistic neural network: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 6, no. 1, p. 27-32, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02816922.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"32","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15971de4b092d9651e2228","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouda, Ryoichi","contributorId":198036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kouda","given":"Ryoichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185282,"text":"70185282 - 1997 - Estimating ground-water recharge from streamflow hydrographs for a small mountain watershed in a temperate humid climate, New Hampshire, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-17T14:42:43","indexId":"70185282","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating ground-water recharge from streamflow hydrographs for a small mountain watershed in a temperate humid climate, New Hampshire, USA","docAbstract":"

Hydrographs of stream discharge were analyzed to determine ground-water recharge for two small basins draining into Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Two methods of hydrograph analysis developed for determining ground-water recharge were evaluated, the instantaneous recharge method and the constant recharge method. For the instantaneous recharge method, recharge is assumed to be instantaneous and uniform over the basin. For the constant recharge method, recharge is assumed to be constant and uniform over the basin for a period of weeks to months. Both methods require that a ground-water recession slope be determined. The recession slope is used directly in the calculation for the instantaneous recharge method, and it is used as a base of reference for fitting a type curve in the constant recharge method. Results of the study indicated that the estimates of ground-water recharge for both methods agree to within about 10 percent. Two approaches to the instantaneous recharge method, manual and automated, were also evaluated, and the results were statistically similar.

The baseflow component of streamflow commonly is assumed to be equivalent to ground-water recharge; therefore, two methods developed for determining the baseflow component of streamflow, graphical partitioning and digital filtering, were evaluated also. Baseflow values determined by graphical partitioning of hydrographs were about 25 percent less than the ground-water recharge values. Baseflow values determined by two different approaches to the mathematical digital filtering method were generally less than baseflow determined by graphical partitioning. However, one of the approaches to digital filtering agreed reasonably well with graphical partitioning if an appropriate filter constant was used. The other approach to digital filtering resulted in baseflow values that were much less than the other baseflow values and was therefore deemed inappropriate for use on these small mountain watersheds.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00086.x","usgsCitation":"Mau, D.P., and Winter, T.C., 1997, Estimating ground-water recharge from streamflow hydrographs for a small mountain watershed in a temperate humid climate, New Hampshire, USA: Groundwater, v. 35, no. 2, p. 291-304, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00086.x.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"291","endPage":"304","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf5a0e4b0849ce97f0d02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mau, David P. dpmau@usgs.gov","contributorId":457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mau","given":"David","email":"dpmau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014783,"text":"1014783 - 1997 - The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-04T16:18:35.823391","indexId":"1014783","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","title":"The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment of diet type (krill vs. fish meal) and steroid supplementation (0 vs. 30 μg 17α-methyltestosterone kg−) was conducted to determine the effects on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout. Triplicate tanks of 250 fry were fed one of the four diets at a rate calculated to produce 115 g fish in 34 weeks. Fish were transferred to larger tanks when mean density index reached 0.40. Dorsal fin index (DFI, measured as mean dorsal fin height × 100/total fish length) was greater (P < 0.001) among fish fed krill-based diets than for fish fed fish-based diets at weeks 12, 22, and 34 of the trial. Added testosterone decreased (P = 0.04) DPI among fish fed the krill diet at week 12 but otherwise had no effect on fin condition. Addition of testosterone to either diet type decreased (P = 0.02) critical thermal maximum, which is a measure of fish resistance to thermal stress. The results suggest that diet composition can influence the rate of dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout through a metabolic, behavioral, or combined change.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00133-6","usgsCitation":"Lellis, W.A., and Barrows, F.T., 1997, The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Aquaculture, v. 156, no. 3-4, p. 229-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00133-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130734,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lellis, William A. 0000-0001-7806-2904 wlellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-2904","contributorId":2369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"William","email":"wlellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrows, Frederic T.","contributorId":172541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrows","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70100323,"text":"70100323 - 1997 - New K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages of plutonism, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T17:10:27.075582","indexId":"70100323","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T16:11:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3409,"text":"Society of Economic Geologists guidebook series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"New K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages of plutonism, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","title":"New K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages of plutonism, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"

Twenty-one new K-Ar and 10 new 40Ar/39Ar ages are reported for igneous and hydrothermal minerals from intrusive rocks of the Wasatch igneous belt in the central Wasatch Mountains. Interpretation of our new data combined with previously published K-Ar ages and with new 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb ages reported by Vogel et al. (1997) suggests that the Clayton Peak stock was emplaced at about 36 to 35 Ma, the Alta stock at about 35 to 33 Ma, and the Little Cottonwood stock at about 31 to 30 Ma. Biotite K-Ar ages progressively increase from west to east in the Little Cottonwood stock, which is consistent with more rapid cooling of the eastern part of the stock and with other evidence suggesting about 15 degrees of eastward tilting of the central Wasatch Mountains following emplacement of the Wasatch igneous belt. Most porphyry stocks in the Park City mining district were emplaced at about 41 to 40 Ma; the Ontario stock was emplaced at about 36 Ma. Vein deposits in the Park City mining district formed at about 36 to 33 Ma. The Park Premier stock was emplaced in several pulses between about 35 to 32 Ma. Alteration related to porphyry copper mineralization in the Park Premier stock formed at 33.5 Ma and advanced argillic alteration and gold mineralization formed at 31.4 Ma. Molybdenum mineralization in the eastern part of the Little Cottonwood stock formed between 26 to 23.5 Ma.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/GB.29.04","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., Turrin, B.D., and Miller, R.J., 1997, New K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages of plutonism, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah: Society of Economic Geologists guidebook series, v. 29, p. 47-57, https://doi.org/10.5382/GB.29.04.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":285161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.2083,39.3641 ], [ -112.2083,41.5524 ], [ -111.1022,41.5524 ], [ -111.1022,39.3641 ], [ -112.2083,39.3641 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594bae4b0120853e8c0a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turrin, B. D.","contributorId":32548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"B.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. J.","contributorId":9225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70246544,"text":"70246544 - 1997 - Some comparisons between recent ground-motion relations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-07T15:50:31.009681","indexId":"70246544","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T10:47:49","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some comparisons between recent ground-motion relations","docAbstract":"

We provide an overview of new ground-motion relations for eastern North America (ENA) developed over the last five years. The empirical-stochastic relations of Atkinson and Boore (1995) are compared to relations developed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI, 1993; also Toro et al., 1994), Frankel et al. (1996), and the consensus ENA ground-motion values as reported by SSHAC (1996). The main difference between our relations and those of EPRI or Frankel is in the low-frequency amplitudes (f < 2 Hz, all magnitudes). We predict lower amplitudes (by more than a factor of two) at 1 Hz, largely due to our use of an empirical source model rather than a single-corner-frequency Brune source model; the use of the empirical source model is motivated by the desire to match the ENA ground-motion database as closely as possible.

We also compare our new ENA relations to empirical relations for California. The comparison is complicated by the need to adjust the ENA hard-rock motions to obtain equivalent motions for typical California soil conditions. Two alternative methods of making this correction lead to somewhat different conclusions. One possible conclusion is that our ENA relations predict similar low-frequency amplitudes to those predicted by Boore et al. (1993, 1994) and Abrahamson and Silva (1996) for California, but our predicted ENA amplitudes are much higher (factor > 2) than California values at high frequencies. The alternative soil correction leads to the conclusion that our ENA relations are moderately lower (factor<2) than the California relations at low frequencies, and moderately higher at high frequencies. Both of these conclusions imply that ground-motion relations or time series for earthquakes in one region cannot be simply modified for use in engineering analyses in another region.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.1.24","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, G.M., and Boore, D., 1997, Some comparisons between recent ground-motion relations: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 1, p. 24-40, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.1.24.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, Gail M.","contributorId":60515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13255,"text":"University of Western Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, David 0000-0002-8605-9673 boore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":140502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70246541,"text":"70246541 - 1997 - Structural underpinnings and neotectonics of the southern Illinois Basin: An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-07T15:35:21.756576","indexId":"70246541","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T10:28:12","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural underpinnings and neotectonics of the southern Illinois Basin: An overview","docAbstract":"

The southern end of the Illinois Basin is one of the most structurally complex regions in the Midcontinent United States. Two major structural elements characterize this part of the basin: (1) A broad southwestward-plunging cratonic depression extends across central Illinois and southwestern Indiana. Investigations of historical and prehistorical earthquakes in this part of the basin indicate that moderate to high earthquake potential exists; the seismogenic sources, however, remain enigmatic. (2) The southernmost part of the basin is underlain by the Reelfoot Rift and Rough Creek Graben, a rift system that formed during late Precambrian to Middle Cambrian time. Geodynamic processes operating within the rift since the late Precambrian have had a major influence on the tectonic, diagenetic, and depositional history of the region. In addition, tectonic compressive stress appears to be reactivating ancient faults within the Reelfoot Rift, resulting in coherent linear segments of earthquake epicenters called the New Madrid Seismic Zone. Geological and geophysical information suggests that the cause of earthquakes in the New Madrid Seismic Zone is unrelated to that in the region north of the rift system.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.4.499","usgsCitation":"Kolata, D.R., and Hildenbrand, T., 1997, Structural underpinnings and neotectonics of the southern Illinois Basin: An overview: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 4, p. 499-510, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.4.499.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"510","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri","otherGeospatial":"southern Illinois basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.27447283709975,\n 41.41183369485614\n ],\n [\n -90.93857342431667,\n 41.37140588350414\n ],\n [\n -90.93137352626161,\n 40.94011389916565\n ],\n [\n -91.20728941367187,\n 40.462464675631395\n ],\n [\n -91.36100165616378,\n 40.05529465549472\n ],\n [\n -90.69094933424739,\n 38.9221351333409\n ],\n [\n -90.14058516164883,\n 37.95872173669419\n ],\n [\n -88.33165527912766,\n 36.818875882467296\n ],\n [\n -88.07921245486332,\n 36.428480841463184\n ],\n [\n -86.82967017221293,\n 36.547876703949996\n ],\n [\n -85.09255063257578,\n 37.09748423869138\n ],\n [\n -84.8735167164121,\n 38.1134437734527\n ],\n [\n -86.29591821115405,\n 40.47817492676333\n ],\n [\n -87.47134673306802,\n 40.93996137056837\n ],\n [\n -89.29379182308247,\n 41.50855899429499\n ],\n [\n -90.27447283709975,\n 41.41183369485614\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolata, Dennis R.","contributorId":79495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolata","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019873,"text":"70019873 - 1997 - Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T01:23:46.546109","indexId":"70019873","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering","docAbstract":"

10 M ≥ 6.7 earthquakes ruptured 1000 km of the North Anatolian fault (Turkey) during 1939–1992, providing an unsurpassed opportunity to study how one large shock sets up the next. We use the mapped surface slip and fault geometry to infer the transfer of stress throughout the sequence. Calculations of the change in Coulomb failure stress reveal that nine out of 10 ruptures were brought closer to failure by the preceding shocks, typically by 1–10 bar, equivalent to 3–30 years of secular stressing. We translate the calculated stress changes into earthquake probability gains using an earthquake-nucleation constitutive relation, which includes both permanent and transient effects of the sudden stress changes. The transient effects of the stress changes dominate during the mean 10 yr period between triggering and subsequent rupturing shocks in the Anatolia sequence. The stress changes result in an average three-fold gain in the net earthquake probability during the decade after each event. Stress is calculated to be high today at several isolated sites along the fault. During the next 30 years, we estimate a 15 per cent probability of a M ≥ 6.7 earthquake east of the major eastern centre of Ercinzan, and a 12 per cent probability for a large event south of the major western port city of Izmit. Such stress-based probability calculations may thus be useful to assess and update earthquake hazards elsewhere.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb05321.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Stein, R., Barka, A., and Dieterich, J.H., 1997, Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering: Geophysical Journal International, v. 128, no. 3, p. 594-604, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb05321.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"594","endPage":"604","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ee5e4b0c8380cd7f464","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barka, A.A.","contributorId":46706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barka","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019262,"text":"70019262 - 1997 - Isotopic and trace element compositions of upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths, Cima volcanic field, California: Implications for evolution of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019262","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic and trace element compositions of upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths, Cima volcanic field, California: Implications for evolution of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle","docAbstract":"Ultramafic and mafic xenoliths from the Cima volcanic field, southern California, provide evidence of episodic modification of the upper mantle and underplating of the crust beneath a portion of the southern Basin and Range province. The upper mantle xenoliths include spinel peridotite and anhydrous and hydrous pyroxenite, some cut by igneous-textured pyroxenite-gabbro veins and dikes and some by veins of amphibole ?? plagioclase. Igneous-textured pyroxenites and gabbros like the dike rocks also occur abundantly as isolated xenoliths inferred to represent underplated crust. Mineral and whole rock trace element compositions among and within the different groups of xenoliths are highly variable, reflecting multiple processes that include magma-mantle wall rock reactions, episodic intrusion and it filtration of basaltic melts of varied sources into the mantle wall rock, and fractionation. Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions mostly of clinopyroxene and plagioclase mineral separates show distinct differences between mantle xenoliths (??Nd = -5.7 to +3.4; 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7051 - 0.7073; 206Pb/204Pb = 19.045 - 19.195) and the igneous-textured xenoliths (??Nd = +7.7 to +11.7; 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7027 - 0.7036 with one carbonate-affected outlier at 0.7054; and 206Pb/204Pb = 18.751 - 19.068), so that they cannot be related. The igneous-textured pyroxenites and gabbros are similar in their isotopic compositions to the host basaltic rocks, which have ??Nd of+5.1 to +9.3; 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7028 - 0.7050, and 206Pb/204Pb of 18.685 - 21.050. The igneous-textured pyroxenites and gabbros are therefore inferred to be related to the host rocks as earlier cogenetic intrusions in the mantle and in the lower crust. Two samples of peridotite, one modally metasomatized by amphibole and the other by plagioclase, have isotopic compositions intermediate between the igneous-textured xenoliths and the mantle rock, suggesting mixing, but also derivation of the metasomatizing magmas from two separate and distinct sources. Sm-Nd two-mineral \"isochrons\" yield apparent ages for petrographically identical rocks believed to be coeval ranging from -0 to 113 ?? 26 Ma, indicating the unreliability of dating these rocks with this method. Amphibole and plagioclase megacrysts are isotopically like the host basalts and probably originate by mechanical breakup of veins comagmatic with the host basaltic rocks. Unlike other Basin and Range localities, Cima Cr-diopside group isotopic compositions do not overlap with those of the host basalts. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mukasa, S., and Wilshire, H.G., 1997, Isotopic and trace element compositions of upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths, Cima volcanic field, California: Implications for evolution of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20133-20148.","startPage":"20133","endPage":"20148","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f98e4b0c8380cd64640","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mukasa, S.B.","contributorId":89568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukasa","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilshire, H. G.","contributorId":36125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilshire","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008602,"text":"1008602 - 1997 - Conservation genetics of North American freshwater mussels Amblema and Megalonaias","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T11:46:12","indexId":"1008602","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation genetics of North American freshwater mussels Amblema and Megalonaias","docAbstract":"

Freshwater bivalves are among the most endangered groups of organisms in North America. Efforts to protect the declining mussel fauna are confounded by ambiguities associated with recognition of distinct evolutionary entities or species. This, in part, is due to the paucity of reliable morphological characters for differentiating taxa. We have employed allozymes and DNA sequence data to search for diagnosably distinct evolutionary entities within two problematic genera of unionid mussels, Amblema and Megalonaias. Within the genus Amblema three species are recognized based on our DNA sequence data for the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and allozyme data (Amblema neislerii, A. plicata, and A. elliotti). Only one taxonomically distinct entity is recognized within the genus Megalonaias—M. nervosa. Megalonaias boykiniana of the Apalachicolan Region is not diagnosable and does not warrant specific taxonomic status. Interestingly, Megalonaias from west of the Mississippi River, including the Mississippi, exhibited an allozyme and mtDNA haplotype frequency shift suggestive of an east-west dichotomy. The results of this study eliminate one subspecies of Amblema and increase the range of A. plicata. This should not affect the conservation status of “currently stable” assigned to A. plicata by Williams et al. (1993). The conservation status of A. elliotti needs to be reexamined because its distribution appears to be limited to the Coosa River System in Alabama and Georgia.

","language":"English","publisher":"Willey","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95487.x","usgsCitation":"Mulvey, M., Lydeard, C., Pyer, D., Hicks, K., Brim-Box, J., Williams, J., and Butler, R., 1997, Conservation genetics of North American freshwater mussels Amblema and Megalonaias: Conservation Biology, v. 11, no. 4, p. 868-878, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95487.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"868","endPage":"878","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a30d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulvey, M.","contributorId":48899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulvey","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lydeard, C.","contributorId":40173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lydeard","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyer, D.L.","contributorId":60591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hicks, K.M.","contributorId":101234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brim-Box, J.","contributorId":37695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brim-Box","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Butler, R.S.","contributorId":16774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1002530,"text":"1002530 - 1997 - Reforestation of bottomland hardwoods and the issue of woody species diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:48","indexId":"1002530","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reforestation of bottomland hardwoods and the issue of woody species diversity","docAbstract":"Bottomland hardwood forests in the southcentral United States have been cleared extensively for agriculture, and many of the remaining forests are fragmented and degraded. During the last decade, however, approximately 75,000 ha of land-mainly agricultural fields-have been replanted or contracted for replanting, with many more acres likely to be reforested in the near future. The approach used in most reforestation projects to date has been to plant one to three overstory tree species, usually Quercus spp. (oaks), and to rely on natural dispersal for the establishment of other woody species. I critique this practice by two means. First, a brief literature review demonstrates that moderately high woody species diversity occurs in natural bottomland hardwood forests in the region. This review, which relates diversity to site characteristics, serves as a basis for comparison with stands established by means of current reforestation practices. Second, I reevaluate data on the invasion of woody species from an earlier study of 10 reforestation projects in Mississippi,with the goal of assessing the likelihood that stands with high woody species diversity will develop. I show that natural invasion cannot always be counted on to produce a diverse stand, particularly on sites more than about 60 m from an existing forest edge. I then make several recommendations for altering current reforestation pactices in order to establish stands with greater woody species diversity, a more natural appearance,and a more positive environmental impact at scales larger than individual sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09715.x","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.A., 1997, Reforestation of bottomland hardwoods and the issue of woody species diversity: Restoration Ecology, v. 5, no. 2, p. 125-134, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09715.x.","startPage":"125","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15629,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09715.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6850.000000000000000"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63514b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. A.","contributorId":82644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008577,"text":"1008577 - 1997 - The interaction of spatial scale and predator-prey functional response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T10:40:10","indexId":"1008577","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The interaction of spatial scale and predator-prey functional response","docAbstract":"

Predator-prey models with a prey-dependent functional response have the property that the prey equilibrium value is determined only by predator characteristics. However, in observed natural systems (for instance, snail-periphyton interactions in streams) the equilibrium periphyton biomass has been shown experimentally to be influenced by both snail numbers and levels of available limiting nutrient in the water. Hypothesizing that the observed patchiness in periphyton in streams may be part of the explanation for the departure of behavior of the equilibrium biomasses from predictions of the prey-dependent response of the snail-periphyton system, we developed and analyzed a spatially-explicit model of periphyton in which snails were modeled as individuals in their movement and feeding, and periphyton was modeled as patches or spatial cells. Three different assumptions on snail movement were used: (1) random movement between spatial cells, (2) tracking by snails of local abundances of periphyton, and (3) delayed departure of snails from cells to reduce costs associated with movement. Of these assumptions, only the third strategy, based on an herbivore strategy of staying in one patch until local periphyton biomass concentration falls below a certain threshold amount, produced results in which both periphyton and snail biomass increased with nutrient input. Thus, if data are averaged spatially over the whole system, we expect that a ratio-dependent functional response may be observed if the herbivore behaves according to the third assumption. Both random movement and delayed cell departure had the result that spatial heterogeneity of periphyton increased with nutrient input.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00045-2","usgsCitation":"Blaine, T., and DeAngelis, D., 1997, The interaction of spatial scale and predator-prey functional response: Ecological Modelling, v. 95, no. 2-3, p. 319-328, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00045-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(96)00045-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fcf95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blaine, T.W.","contributorId":87894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaine","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1012831,"text":"1012831 - 1997 - Home ranges and movements of arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) in western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-14T15:02:41.409639","indexId":"1012831","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Home ranges and movements of arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) in western Alaska","title":"Home ranges and movements of arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) in western Alaska","docAbstract":"

During the period from 1985 to 1990, radio collars were attached to 61 arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in the coastal region of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska. Radio tracking using hand-held receivers from aircraft and from fixed towers was conducted to determine daily and seasonal movements of foxes. Intensive radio tracking of 18 foxes from May through July indicated that males used larger areas (x = 10.22±6.18 sq. km) than females (x = 4.57±1.94 sq. km) regardless of breeding status. Generally foxes were relocated near (x = 3.4±2.4 km) their summer home ranges during other seasons of the year. There were no complex social groups of foxes among the marked population. Foxes did not have a definitive preference for any plant community, probably because of the even distribution and abundance of prey throughout all communities. Thirty foxes were relocated repeatedly during a period of at least 10 months, which included the denning season of one year and the breeding season of the next. Of 24 confirmed deaths of collared foxes, 16 were caused by shooting or trapping by local residents and 8 had unidentified causes. Maximum distance moved between relocations was 48.4 km. Males moved farther from initial capture sites in the winter following capture than did females, largely because of greater than 20 km movements by two foxes. There were no seasonal differences in movements between males and females.

","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic1097","usgsCitation":"Anthony, R.M., 1997, Home ranges and movements of arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) in western Alaska: Arctic, v. 50, no. 2, p. 147-157, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1097.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486971,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1097","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":128504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.68408546822315,\n 63.605520209544835\n ],\n [\n -166.22760209072726,\n 63.605520209544835\n ],\n [\n -166.22760209072726,\n 61.04125914227663\n ],\n [\n -161.68408546822315,\n 61.04125914227663\n ],\n [\n -161.68408546822315,\n 63.605520209544835\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68831d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, R. Michael","contributorId":54535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008599,"text":"1008599 - 1997 - Source-sink dynamics and the coexistence of species on a single resource","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T11:21:23","indexId":"1008599","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3593,"text":"Theoretical Population Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source-sink dynamics and the coexistence of species on a single resource","docAbstract":"

We investigate the potential for coexistence of species that compete for a shared resource when the resource occurs in both a source area acting as a refuge and a sink area where it is used by the competing species. Our model shows that the mixing rate between the source and sink resource populations has a dramatic influence on the outcome of competition. When there is a strict sink–source dependence, so that resource renewal in the sink is entirely dependent on the source, only exploitation competition decides which species can survive at a very small mixing rate. Increasing the flow rate basically amounts to increasing the role played by interference competition. If interspecific interference is very small, compared with intraspecific interference, increasing the mixing rate allows coexistence of many species, indeed, unlimited coexistence if the species' resource exploitation efficiencies are similar enough. If interspecific interference is significant and there is a trade-off between the exploitation and interference competitive abilities of two species, it is possible to have one species replacing the other along a gradient of increasing mixing rate, with either coexistence or alternative single-species equilibria at intermediate values of the mixing rate. It is also possible to have one species always outcompeting the other, or alternative single-species stable equilibria at large mixing rates. When the strict sink–source dependence is relaxed by allowing the resource to have a partly independent renewal–loss dynamics in the sink area, the variety of possible outcomes along a gradient of mixing rate is further increased. These outcomes are often strongly sensitive to the parameters of resource dynamics and interspecific interference competition. The implications of these results for biological conservation can be profound; detailed knowledge of interspecific interactions appears to be necessary to determine the effect of any land management that alters dispersal opportunities.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/tpbi.1997.1298","usgsCitation":"Loreau, M., and DeAngelis, D., 1997, Source-sink dynamics and the coexistence of species on a single resource: Theoretical Population Biology, v. 51, p. 79-93, https://doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.1997.1298.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"93","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e76d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loreau, M.","contributorId":103625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loreau","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008594,"text":"1008594 - 1997 - Effects of habitat suitability on the survival of relocated freshwater mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T13:51:35","indexId":"1008594","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3246,"text":"Regulated Rivers: Research & Management","printIssn":"0886-9375","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of habitat suitability on the survival of relocated freshwater mussels","docAbstract":"

Freshwater mussels are often relocated from existing beds for both conservation and management reasons. In this study, we empirically tested whether the habitat type at the destination site was important in predicting the success of mussel relocation. In 1993, four species of freshwater mussels were relocated in the Apalachicola River in Florida, into three distinct habitat types: stable sand, limestone/sand and cobble. The conditional probability of survival of relocated mussels varied by species and habitat. Two species were considered habitat specialists, one species was considered a habitat generalist and recovery rates for the fourth species were too low to assess habitat preferences. We show empirically that microhabitat is important in the survival of relocated mussels and that the habitat-specific criteria for relocation is species specific. These results suggest that survival of relocated mussels can be enhanced if species-specific site selection criteria are developed using quantitative information.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199711/12)13:6<537::AID-RRR483>3.0.CO;2-Y","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, H.M., Brim-Box, J., and Dorazio, R.M., 1997, Effects of habitat suitability on the survival of relocated freshwater mussels: Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, v. 13, no. 6, p. 537-541, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199711/12)13:6<537::AID-RRR483>3.0.CO;2-Y.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"541","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola River","volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db6125fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Hannah M. 0000-0001-8348-6656 hhamilton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8348-6656","contributorId":4871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Hannah","email":"hhamilton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brim-Box, Jayne","contributorId":139992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brim-Box","given":"Jayne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13345,"text":"Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":318175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008576,"text":"1008576 - 1997 - The effect of functional response on stability of a grazer population on a landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T10:35:50","indexId":"1008576","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of functional response on stability of a grazer population on a landscape","docAbstract":"

The dynamics of interacting consumer and resource populations is one of the most thoroughly studied problems of theoretical population biology. Among the key results from the study of simple mathematical models of interacting populations is that the Holling Type 2 functional response tends to be unstable for a wide range of realistic parameters. Functional responses such as Holling Type 3, which might be thought of as implicitly incorporating the existence of consumer refuges, are more stable than the Type 2. We studied consumer—resource models with these different functional responses on a landscape level by modeling grazers that can disperse across a space of patchily distributed grass resources. For certain assumptions concerning the movement of grazers on the landscape, the effect of these functional responses on stability is reversed; the Holling Type 2 functional response confers greater stability. The reason for this apparently paradoxical result is that the Holling Type 2 functional response allows grazers to graze individual grass patches to lower levels than Type 3, as the energy balance remains favorable for grazing at lower grass biomasses. However, this local overexploitation leads the grazers to be slower in reaching areas of the landscape where resource densities are higher. It decreases the likelihood that the resource will be overexploited over the whole landscape simultaneously, which results in a stronger tendency towards system stability. It appears, then, that consumer overexploitation of resources locally may contribute to lower stability.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(97)01975-3","usgsCitation":"Basset, A., DeAngelis, D., and Diffendorfer, J., 1997, The effect of functional response on stability of a grazer population on a landscape: Ecological Modelling, v. 101, p. 153-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(97)01975-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"162","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(97)01975-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265840,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(97)01975-3"}],"volume":"101","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Basset, A.D.","contributorId":86303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basset","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diffendorfer, J.E.","contributorId":28569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014816,"text":"1014816 - 1997 - Genetic responses of Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) to chronic mercury pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:39:50.681689","indexId":"1014816","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic responses of Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) to chronic mercury pollution","docAbstract":"

The relationship between allozyme genotype and survival of nymphs of the mayfly Isonychia bicolor (Walker) when exposed to acute mercury concentrations was tested in laboratory experiments. The probability of survival and individual times-to-death were found to be significantly different among genotypes at the glucose phosphate isomerase locus, but not at the phosphoglucomutase locus. This pattern was consistent for both summer and winter temperatures and for populations from 2 separate, unpolluted streams. Subsequent field surveys were conducted to determine if results of these acute laboratory tests could be extrapolated to the more chronic, sublethal conditions present in the South River, Virginia. Genotypes identified as sensitive and tolerant in the laboratory experiments showed no consistent relationship with environmental mercury levels in the South River. In fact, one heterozygote identified as tolerant was found to be more frequent at the reference site than at contaminated sites, and no significant between-site differences were observed in the frequencies of the most sensitive genotype. Consequently, despite fitness differences to mercury exposure among allozyme variants, we were unable to attribute any between-site differences in genetic structure in I. bicolor populations to adaptation to mercury pollution.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468151","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., and Hendricks, A., 1997, Genetic responses of Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) to chronic mercury pollution: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 16, no. 3, p. 651-663, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468151.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeaec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendricks, A.C.","contributorId":24721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000753,"text":"1000753 - 1997 - Parasites of lake herring (Coregonus artedi) from Lake Superior, with special reference to use of parasites as markers of stock structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T12:30:56","indexId":"1000753","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parasites of lake herring (Coregonus artedi) from Lake Superior, with special reference to use of parasites as markers of stock structure","docAbstract":"

We examined parasites of 152 lake herring (Coregonus artedi) collected from three locations in Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior in 1994, four locations in Wisconsin waters in 1996, and one location in Minnesota waters in 1996 to determine; 1) the species composition and relative abundances of parasites in lake herring, 2) the differences in parasite relative abundances across locations sampled, and 3) the utility of parasite relative abundances as markers of stock structure. Parasites from 19 taxa infected lake herring collected in 1994 and 1996; Henneguya zschokkei, Chloromyxumsp., and Cyatho-cephalus truncatus were reported in fishes from Lake Superior for the first time, and Clinostomum mar-ginatum was reported in lake herring for the first time. Significant differences in abundances of eight parasite taxa were found across locations sampled in 1996, with most of the differences occurring between fish from Minnesota and Wisconsin waters. Nonparametric discriminant function analyses correctly classified 105 of the 108 fish (97%) from Wisconsin waters in 1994 and 1996 and also correctly classified 9 of the 13 fish (69%) from the one location in Minnesota waters. This indicated that little mixing of lake herring from those regions occurred and that the potential exists to use parasite abundances as a marker of lake herring stock structure. This was the first time that multivariate analysis of parasites have been used in the Great Lakes to assess stock structure of fishes. Because the technique was highly successful at classifying locations of our samples, we recommend that parasite abundances in lake herring from all areas of the lake be analyzed as part of a larger study to determine whether lake herring from populations throughout the lake can be as accurately classified as were fish in our study.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(97)70926-2","usgsCitation":"Hoff, M.H., Pronin, N.M., and Baldanova, D.R., 1997, Parasites of lake herring (Coregonus artedi) from Lake Superior, with special reference to use of parasites as markers of stock structure: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 23, no. 4, p. 458-467, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(97)70926-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"458","endPage":"467","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e780f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoff, Michael H.","contributorId":23878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pronin, Nikolai M.","contributorId":32109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pronin","given":"Nikolai","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldanova, Darima R.","contributorId":79054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldanova","given":"Darima","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014614,"text":"1014614 - 1997 - Changes in gill morphology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts due to addition of acid and aluminum to stream water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T11:22:23.691114","indexId":"1014614","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Changes in gill morphology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts due to addition of acid and aluminum to stream water","title":"Changes in gill morphology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts due to addition of acid and aluminum to stream water","docAbstract":"

One-year-old Atlantic salmon smolts were held in three artificial channels adjacent to a softwater (mean sp. cond. 30 μS cm−1, circumneutral stream. Water in one channel was untreated (mean pH 6.25); the others received additions of acid (to mean pH 5.6), or acid plus aluminum (to mean pH 5.5; mean exchangeable Al 158 μg litre−1). Gills were sampled after 16 and 23 days of exposure for morphometric examination. On primary lamellae, chloride cells were more numerous in both experimental treatments than in controls. In contrast, numbers of chloride cells on secondary lamellae were elevated only in fish exposed to acid without added Al. Chloride cell size and shape also varied with time and treatment. Fewer gill mucous cells were found in fish exposed to acid plus Al than in controls. Chloride cell proliferation and structural changes may represent an attempt to compensate for increased ionic effluxes with low pH stress by increasing uptake. However, if Al concentrations are high, chloride cells do not proliferate along the secondary lamellae, or proliferating cells are damaged and lost. This may limit the potential to increase ionic uptake.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00069-9","usgsCitation":"Jagoe, C.H., and Haines, T., 1997, Changes in gill morphology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts due to addition of acid and aluminum to stream water: Environmental Pollution, v. 97, no. 1-2, p. 137-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00069-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","county":"Hancock County","otherGeospatial":"Baker Brook, Narraguagus River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.06128938975448,\n 44.75134392491739\n ],\n [\n -68.0947931491917,\n 44.75156838982778\n ],\n [\n -68.11407361452852,\n 44.73360844217186\n ],\n [\n -68.10901644329276,\n 44.700143166787825\n ],\n [\n -68.05686454600394,\n 44.66418585070829\n ],\n [\n -68.00502854083615,\n 44.634279262897365\n ],\n [\n -67.95529294673963,\n 44.59641364378203\n ],\n [\n -67.91072662522338,\n 44.53831754047758\n ],\n [\n -67.88386040303293,\n 44.53088245804446\n ],\n [\n -67.88038359780816,\n 44.54890526151266\n ],\n [\n -67.89681940432503,\n 44.580206614742394\n ],\n [\n -67.91704808926808,\n 44.61711604903323\n ],\n [\n -67.9247636323927,\n 44.65257830309801\n ],\n [\n -67.9247636323927,\n 44.69037505361024\n ],\n [\n -67.9652830251845,\n 44.75505870035508\n ],\n [\n -68.00422373747993,\n 44.8114576147523\n ],\n [\n -68.06421345658526,\n 44.90247579137923\n ],\n [\n -68.0636871602083,\n 44.947185777055466\n ],\n [\n -68.09736561408506,\n 45.00525712138179\n ],\n [\n -68.16051271510406,\n 45.01083780529447\n ],\n [\n -68.18156174877721,\n 44.96096442870456\n ],\n [\n -68.11262663006416,\n 44.843181238467054\n ],\n [\n -68.06128938975448,\n 44.75134392491739\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jagoe, C. H.","contributorId":97456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagoe","given":"C.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haines, T.A.","contributorId":83062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015836,"text":"1015836 - 1997 - DDE still high in white-faced ibis eggs from Carson Lake, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T14:52:27","indexId":"1015836","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DDE still high in white-faced ibis eggs from Carson Lake, Nevada","docAbstract":"

White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi) eggs collected in 1996 at Carson Lake, Nevada, showed no decrease in p,p′-DDE (DDE) concentrations from levels in 1985 and 1986 which is contrary to DDE patterns shown for most avian species. An estimated 40-45% of the population was adversely affected by DDE in 1985, 1986, and 1996 with a probable net loss of about 20% of the expected productivity. One segment of the nesting population at Carson Lake in 1996 averaged 18.3% eggshell thinning, although the mean for the whole population is not known. Obvious population declines of White-faced Ibis have not been reported, although quantitative population data are incomplete; however, the excellent and predictable food sources on the breeding grounds in Nevada (due to flood irrigation by farmers) appear to contribute to a high reproductive potential. While adverse consequences of DDE were not documented at the population level, it is important to locate the source(s) of the DDE/p,p′-DDT (DDT). Results of a previous study showed that prey from the breeding grounds were not contaminated with DDE/DDT. The White-faced Ibis DDE/DDT loads are suspected to originate from localized areas on the wintering grounds and/or staging areas. Use of satellite transmitters placed on nesting birds is proposed to locate the source of the DDE/DDT.

","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521598","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., 1997, DDE still high in white-faced ibis eggs from Carson Lake, Nevada: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 3, p. 478-484, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521598.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"484","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson Lake","volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000722,"text":"1000722 - 1997 - Zebra mussel induced mortality of unionids in firm substrata of western Lake Erie and a habitat for survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:32","indexId":"1000722","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":735,"text":"American Malacological Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zebra mussel induced mortality of unionids in firm substrata of western Lake Erie and a habitat for survival","docAbstract":"The present study was conducted to determine impacts of zebra mussel [Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771); Dreissenidae] infestation on unionids in firm substrata in western Lake Erie. Unionid mollusks were collected at a total of 15 stations on three offshore depth contours (2, 3, and 4 m) in 1983 (before zebra mussel infestation), in 1990 and 1993 (after zebra mussel infestation), and at one station on a nearshore 2-m depth contour and along one transect on a nearshore 1-m depth contour in 1993. Numbers of living unionids on substrata along offshore contours remained similar between 1983 and 1990 and then decreased from 97 individuals in 1990 to only five individuals in 1993. In addition, the number of species decreased from nine to four between 1990 and 1993. In contrast, on nearshore contours 85 living individuals representing nine species were found in 1993. About 48% of the living and 79% of the dead unionids at the two nearshore locations were covered with byssal threads of dreissenid mussels, but were not actively infested by mussels. The presence of living unionids on nearshore contours of western Lake Erie in 1993 indicates that survival of unionids in the presence of abundant zebra mussel populations can be possible in firm substrata and that these habitats can provide natural ''refugia'' for unionid populations. At present, we do not know what allows unionids to survive in the presence of zebra mussel colonization, but believe that water-level fluctuations and waves could contribute to the removal of mussels from unionids. This information could be of major concern in the mitigation of impacts of infestation on unionids in waters throughout North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Malacological Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Smithee, R., Longton, G., and Kovalak, W., 1997, Zebra mussel induced mortality of unionids in firm substrata of western Lake Erie and a habitat for survival: American Malacological Bulletin, v. 14, no. 1, p. 67-74.","productDescription":"p. 67-74","startPage":"67","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e477ae4b07f02db47f82d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, D. W.","contributorId":9598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smithee, R. D.","contributorId":99093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smithee","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longton, G. D.","contributorId":15148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Longton","given":"G. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kovalak, W. P.","contributorId":51253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kovalak","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000695,"text":"1000695 - 1997 - Survival of hatchery-reared lake trout stocked near shore and off shore in Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T13:11:51","indexId":"1000695","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of hatchery-reared lake trout stocked near shore and off shore in Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"

Establishing a stock of mature, hatchery-reared fish is necessary to restore a self-sustaining population of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Ontario. Stocking fish off shore rather than near shore to reduce predation on these fish by large lake trout or piscivorous birds may enhance survival of hatchery-reared fish and accelerate establishment of a population of adults. Results of an earlier study did not support routinely stocking fish off shore by helicopter in Lake Ontario, but stresses associated with helicopter stocking suggested another method of transporting fish off shore might enhance survival. I conducted this study to determine whether stocking lake trout off shore by barge would enhance first-year survival. Two lots of yearling lake trout were stocked at each of four locations in Lake Ontario in May 1992. One lot was stocked from shore, and an identical lot was transported by barge 3.4–10.4 km off shore of nearshore locations and stocked in water 46–52 m deep. Fish were recovered during trawl, gillnet, and creel surveys in 1992–1996. First-year survival of lake trout stocked off shore tended to be better than that of fish stocked near shore. Predation by double-crested cormorantsPhalacrocorax auritus likely affected survival of fish stocked near shore at two locations, 7 and 37 km, respectively, from a nesting colony of 5,443 pairs of double-crested cormorants. Predation by large lake trout remains a viable hypothesis, which explains, at least partially, lower survival of lake trout stocked near shore at two other locations. Stocking lake trout off shore of traditional nearshore stocking sites likely will enhance first-year survival of hatchery-reared fish and promote accumulation of an adult population, especially for those occassions where nearshore stocking locations are near nesting colonies of double-crested cormorants.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0779:SOHRLT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Elrod, J.H., 1997, Survival of hatchery-reared lake trout stocked near shore and off shore in Lake Ontario: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 17, no. 3, p. 779-783, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0779:SOHRLT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"783","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68817d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elrod, Joseph H.","contributorId":72737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrod","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015874,"text":"1015874 - 1997 - Productivity of golden eagles wearing backpack radiotransmitters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T15:40:14","indexId":"1015874","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity of golden eagles wearing backpack radiotransmitters","docAbstract":"

We examined the association between the presence of backpack radiotransmitters and Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) reproduction (percentage of occupied territories producing young, and number of nestlings produced) over three years. The association between radio-tagging and nesting success and the number of nestlings produced varied significantly among years. A negative association with tagging was observed in one of three years, which coincided with low prey (jackrabbit) populations and a cold spring. However, small sample size and breeding by subadults may confound this result.

","language":"English","publisher":"Raptor Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Marzluff, J., Vekasy, M., Kochert, M.N., and Steenhof, K., 1997, Productivity of golden eagles wearing backpack radiotransmitters: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 31, no. 3, p. 223-227.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"227","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e3fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marzluff, J.M.","contributorId":15152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marzluff","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vekasy, M.S.","contributorId":70345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vekasy","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}