{"pageNumber":"323","pageRowStart":"8050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":70242678,"text":"70242678 - 1990 - Seismicity in the twenty years preceding the Loma Prieta California Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-12T14:36:01.582438","indexId":"70242678","displayToPublicDate":"1990-08-01T09:31:49","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity in the twenty years preceding the Loma Prieta California Earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Persistent seismicity occurred at a low rate during at least the twenty years before the Loma Prieta earthquake along the 60 km-long rupture zone. The depth distribution of this seismicity forms a broad “U”-shape that delineates the previously locked rupture zone. Relocations of seismicity during the ten years before the earthquake relative to the Loma Prieta aftershocks show that this “U”-shaped distribution can be partitioned lengthwise into activity on two adjacent subparallel structures: a vertical fault beneath the San Andreas fault trace and an eastward-dipping blind fault beneath the Sargent fault trace. The 11–18 km deep, southwest-dipping part of the Loma Prieta rupture was not active during at least the preceding ten years. The slip geometry of intersecting fault structures in this zone could contribute to both the preparation process and the complexity of the rupture.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL017i009p01429","usgsCitation":"Olson, J.A., 1990, Seismicity in the twenty years preceding the Loma Prieta California Earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 17, no. 9, p. 1429-1432, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i009p01429.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1429","endPage":"1432","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Loma Prieta, San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.09556447211273,\n              38.21742166336415\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.09556447211273,\n              36.515910324603496\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.51330442738708,\n              36.515910324603496\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.51330442738708,\n              38.21742166336415\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.09556447211273,\n              38.21742166336415\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Jean A.","contributorId":107719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222406,"text":"5222406 - 1990 - Habitat use by postfledging American black ducks in Maine and New Brunswick","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-27T17:32:45.569533","indexId":"5222406","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by postfledging American black ducks in Maine and New Brunswick","docAbstract":"<p>We examined habitat use by 112 postfledging American black ducks (<i>Anas rubripes</i>) in eastern Maine and southwestern New Brunswick from September through early December of 1985, 1986, and 1987. Ducks were captured on Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Maine. Palustrine Emergent Wetland was the most preferred habitat type. Riverine habitats were avoided in September, but were used more than, or in proportion to, their availability in November as ice formed on lentic habitats. Black ducks used a greater variety of habitat types during the day than at night, when ducks used mostly large (&gt;30 ha) Emergent Wetland marshes. Managed impoundments of Moosehorn NWR were the most used wetlands (66% of all diurnal, 90% of all nocturnal locations). For black duck management, we propose maintaining large (30-50 ha) marshes containing dense emergent vegetation that are located near a complex of diverse wetland types.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809658","usgsCitation":"Frazer, C., Longcore, J.R., and McAuley, D., 1990, Habitat use by postfledging American black ducks in Maine and New Brunswick: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 54, no. 3, p. 451-459, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809658.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"459","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.37107095587054,\n              45.14741637709096\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.37107095587054,\n              45.03895187532217\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.21080446649984,\n              45.03895187532217\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.21080446649984,\n              45.14741637709096\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.37107095587054,\n              45.14741637709096\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db6485f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frazer, Catherine","contributorId":63899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazer","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, Jerry R.","contributorId":45447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G.","contributorId":346357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel G.","affiliations":[{"id":37196,"text":"Retired USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":336243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222407,"text":"5222407 - 1990 - Recent trends in counts of migrant hawks from northeastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-29T16:53:15.990034","indexId":"5222407","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent trends in counts of migrant hawks from northeastern North America","docAbstract":"<p>Using simple regression, pooled-sites route-regression, and nonparametric rank-trend analyses, we evaluated trends in counts of hawks migrating past 6 eastern hawk lookouts from 1972 to 1987. The indexing variable was the total count for a season. Bald eagle (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>), peregrine falcon (<i>Falco peregrinus</i>), merlin (<i>F. columbarius</i>), osprey (<i>Pandion haliaetus</i>), and Cooper's hawk (<i>Accipiter cooperii</i>) counts increased using route-regression and nonparametric methods (P &lt; 0.05). Northern harrier (<i>Circus</i> <i>cyaneus</i>) counts increased based on the nonparametric method (P &lt; 0.01) but not the route-regression method (P &gt; 0.10). We found no consistent trends (P &gt; 0.10) in counts of sharp-shinned hawks (<i>A. striatus</i>), northern goshawks (<i>A. gentilis</i>) red-shouldered hawks (<i>Buteo lineatus)</i>, red-tailed hawks (<i>B. jamaicensis</i>), rough-legged hawsk (<i>B. lagopus</i>), and American kestrels (<i>F. sparverius</i>). Broad-winged hawk (<i>B. platypterus</i>) counts declined (P &lt; 0.05) based on the route-regression method. Empirical comparisons of our results with those for well-studied species such as the peregrine falcon, bald eagle, and osprey indicated agreement with nesting surveys. We suggest that counts of migrant hawks are a useful and economical method for detecting long-term trends in species across regions, particularly for species that otherwise cannot be easily surveyed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809660","usgsCitation":"Titus, K., and Fuller, M.R., 1990, Recent trends in counts of migrant hawks from northeastern North America: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 54, no. 3, p. 463-470, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809660.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"470","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194231,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.447236,48.182916],[-89.022736,47.858532],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-83.880387,41.720089],[-86.824828,41.76024],[-86.24971,42.480212],[-86.226305,42.988284],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.25395,44.64808],[-86.066745,44.905685],[-85.780439,44.977932],[-85.540497,45.210169],[-85.641652,44.810816],[-85.520205,44.960347],[-85.477423,44.813781],[-85.355478,45.282774],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.110884,45.526285],[-84.94565,45.708621],[-85.011433,45.757962],[-84.204218,45.627116],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.316118,45.141958],[-83.435822,45.000012],[-83.277213,44.7167],[-83.335248,44.357995],[-83.890145,43.934672],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.618602,43.628891],[-83.227093,43.981003],[-82.915976,44.070503],[-82.617955,43.768596],[-82.423086,42.988728],[-82.509935,42.637294],[-82.648776,42.550401],[-82.630922,42.64211],[-82.780817,42.652232],[-83.431103,41.757457],[-83.880387,41.720089]]],[[[-88.116846,45.921703],[-90.120489,46.336852],[-90.344338,46.552087],[-89.790663,46.818469],[-88.982483,46.99883],[-88.400224,47.379551],[-87.816958,47.471998],[-87.730804,47.449112],[-88.349952,47.076377],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.167373,46.9588],[-87.915943,46.909508],[-87.619747,46.79821],[-87.366767,46.507303],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.188024,46.654008],[-84.964652,46.772845],[-84.969464,46.47629],[-84.177428,46.52692],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.247687,46.17989],[-83.931175,46.017871],[-83.63498,46.103953],[-83.49484,45.999541],[-84.345451,45.946569],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.820557,45.868293],[-85.047028,46.020603],[-85.528403,46.087121],[-85.663966,45.967013],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.687208,45.634253],[-86.532989,45.882665],[-86.92106,45.697868],[-87.018902,45.838886],[-87.612019,45.123377],[-87.727276,45.216129],[-87.648476,45.352243],[-87.860432,45.423504],[-87.831442,45.714938],[-88.131834,45.811312],[-88.116846,45.921703]]],[[[-92.204691,46.704041],[-92.29353,46.113824],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.807362,44.758909],[-91.410555,43.970892],[-91.244135,43.774667],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.452948,45.268925],[-96.835451,45.586129],[-96.587093,45.816445],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.789572,46.639079],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-97.139497,48.153108],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.974286,49.367738],[-94.555835,48.716207],[-93.741843,48.517347],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-92.204691,46.704041]]],[[[-79.761951,42.26986],[-78.868556,42.770258],[-79.061388,43.251349],[-78.370221,43.376505],[-77.577223,43.243263],[-76.794708,43.309632],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.133697,43.940356],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-75.26825,44.855119],[-74.868663,45.001274],[-73.343124,45.01084],[-73.430325,43.590532],[-73.247631,43.51924],[-73.276421,42.746019],[-73.508142,42.086257],[-73.482709,41.21276],[-73.727775,41.100696],[-73.782577,40.837601],[-72.635374,40.990536],[-72.245348,41.161217],[-72.273657,41.051533],[-72.116368,40.999796],[-71.869558,41.075046],[-73.23914,40.6251],[-73.934512,40.545175],[-74.143387,40.641903],[-74.209788,40.447407],[-73.995683,40.468707],[-73.971381,40.371709],[-74.141733,39.689435],[-74.933571,38.928519],[-74.905181,39.174945],[-75.165979,39.201842],[-75.542894,39.470447],[-75.481242,39.829112],[-75.799563,39.721882],[-80.519342,39.721403],[-80.519345,41.929168],[-79.761951,42.26986]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.219787,40.502603],[-74.120186,40.642201],[-74.144428,40.53516]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Michigan\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a72e4b07f02db643014","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Kimberly","contributorId":149923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Titus","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":336247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70124342,"text":"70124342 - 1990 - Winter use of douglas-fir forests by Blue Grouse in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T13:07:26","indexId":"70124342","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-01T13:04:59","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter use of douglas-fir forests by Blue Grouse in Colorado","docAbstract":"We studied winter use of Douglas-fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>) forests by blue grouse (<i>Dendragapus obscurus</i>) from 1981 to 1983 at 2 study areas in northcentral Colorado. Comparisons of used and available stands indicated grouse were concentrated spatially, but there were no consistent differences related to basal area of tree species, conifer stem densities, and topography that were common to both areas. Blue grouse used dense (2,000 stems/ha) second growth (40-75 yr old), open to dense (200-1,900 stems/ha) mature (100-200 yr old), and open (<100 stems/ha) old-growth (200-600 yr old) stands. Stands used were composed of Douglas-fir alone or in association with subalpine fir (<i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>), Engelmann spruce (<i>Picea engelmannii</i>), lodgepole pine (<i>Pinus contorta</i>), limber pine (<i>P. flexilis</i>), Rocky Mountain juniper (<i>Juniperus scopulorum</i>), and quaking aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>). Grouse used stands on mesic northern and eastern aspects, on xeric southern and western aspects, at elevations of 2,530-2,960 m, and on slopes of 1-45°. Preferential use (P < 0.05) of Douglas-fir trees occurred within stands that had an abundance of limber pine (use = availability) and subalpine fir (use < availability). Large Douglas-fir (20-90 cm dbh) were preferred (P < 0.05) within stands that had an abundance of smaller (≤15 cm dbh) trees. Both sexes used similar trees.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2307/3809661","usgsCitation":"Cade, B.S., and Hoffman, R., 1990, Winter use of douglas-fir forests by Blue Grouse in Colorado: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 54, no. 3, p. 471-479, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809661.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"479","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293732,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3809661"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9c2e4b0239f1986bb37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, Richard W.","contributorId":93840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70210578,"text":"70210578 - 1990 - The Denali fault system and Alaska Range of Alaska: Evidence for underplated Mesozoic flysch from magnetotelluric surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-10T17:16:45.077452","indexId":"70210578","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-10T11:58:30","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Denali fault system and Alaska Range of Alaska: Evidence for underplated Mesozoic flysch from magnetotelluric surveys","docAbstract":"<p><span>Regional magnetotelluric surveys recently completed across the central and eastern Alaska Range of Alaska provide evidence for large volumes of conductive rocks beneath the core of the range. These conductive rocks may represent a formerly extensive, but now collapsed, Mesozoic flysch basin formed on the leading edge of the Talkeetna superterrane (amalgamated Wrangellia, Peninsular, and Alexander terranes). The docking of the Talkeetna superterrane caused large-scale oblique thrusting, folding, and metamorphism in the flysch basin, and formation of a megasuture along which the Cenozoic strike-slip Denali fault system developed. The deep magnetotelluric soundings and seismic reflection data suggest the possibility that the highly conductive rocks were tectonically emplaced beneath the thin crystalline sheet constituting the southern Yukon-Tanana terrane over a broad region of the Alaska Range. The conductive rocks are locally correlated with surface outcrops of Mesozoic black shales that are part of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous flysch but may be composed of Paleozoic carbonaceous shales as well. In either case, their extremely low resistivities make them a valuable marker horizon for tectonic studies. The conductive rocks are interpreted to extend to depths of greater than 20 km and were mapped north and northeast of the Denali fault for more than 50 km. The magnetotelluric surveys represent the first large-scale surveys done in Alaska, but the structures mapped are similar to those observed in large, compressed flysch basins in the eastern Alps and Carpathian Mountains of Europe. The results of these surveys bear on several key tectonic questions, including development of the ancestral Denali fault, and collapse and possible underplating of an extensive Mesozoic flysch system and associated igneous arc.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0160:TDFSAA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stanley, W.D., Labson, V.F., Nokleberg, W.J., Csejtey, B., and Fisher, M.A., 1990, The Denali fault system and Alaska Range of Alaska: Evidence for underplated Mesozoic flysch from magnetotelluric surveys: GSA Bulletin, v. 102, no. 2, p. 160-173, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0160:TDFSAA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali fault system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.083984375,\n              54.826007999094955\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.8359375,\n              54.826007999094955\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.8359375,\n              63.31268278043484\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.083984375,\n              63.31268278043484\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.083984375,\n              54.826007999094955\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, W. D.","contributorId":86756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Labson, Victor F. 0000-0003-1905-1820 vlabson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-1820","contributorId":326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labson","given":"Victor","email":"vlabson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Csejtey, Bela Jr.","contributorId":61008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Csejtey","given":"Bela","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70221648,"text":"70221648 - 1990 - Eocene-Oligocene sea-level changes on the New Jersey coastal plain linked to the deep-sea record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-26T02:51:52.148555","indexId":"70221648","displayToPublicDate":"1990-03-01T21:45:31","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eocene-Oligocene sea-level changes on the New Jersey coastal plain linked to the deep-sea record","docAbstract":"<p><span>We use magnetostratigraphy and Sr-isotope stratigraphy to improve stratigraphic control for the Eocene to Oligocene of the New Jersey coastal plain (ACGS4 borehole). Magnetostratigraphy in many cases is complicated in outcrop sections of shallow-water (&lt;200 m paleodepth) sediments by low remanence and weathering; we minimize these problems by analyzing large samples obtained from the ACGS4 borehole and construct a firm magnetochronology for the early to middle Eocene. Sr-isotope stratigraphy confirms biostratigraphic evidence for a previously unknown uppermost Eocene to lowermost Oligocene unit and delineates a \"middle\" Oligocene hiatus that is unresolvabie using biostratigraphy alone. We recognize hiatuses and associated unconformities on the New Jersey margin near the lower Eocene/middle Eocene boundary, within the middle Eocene, and in the \"middle\" Oligocene and correlate these events with similar hiatuses observed in other continental-shelf, slope, and epicontinental settings. In addition, a hiatus probably occurred near the middle Eocene/upper Eocene boundary. We conclude that the interregional distribution of these Eocene-Oligocene hiatuses indicates a global cause: eustatic change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102%3C0331:EOSLCO%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Miller, K.G., Kent, D.V., Brower, A.N., Bybell, L.M., Feigenson, M.D., Olsson, R.K., and Poore, R.Z., 1990, Eocene-Oligocene sea-level changes on the New Jersey coastal plain linked to the deep-sea record: GSA Bulletin, v. 102, no. 34, p. 331-339, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102%3C0331:EOSLCO%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"339","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.7564697265625,\n              38.89530825492018\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.9874267578125,\n              39.74943369178247\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.916015625,\n              40.463666324587685\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.70703125,\n              40.50126945841645\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5145263671875,\n              39.57182223734374\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8883056640625,\n              38.839707613545144\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.7564697265625,\n              38.89530825492018\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Kenneth G.","contributorId":14260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Dennis V.","contributorId":63951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brower, Andrew N.","contributorId":260652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brower","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feigenson, Mark D.","contributorId":35198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigenson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olsson, Richard K.","contributorId":260653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":147454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70207899,"text":"70207899 - 1990 - Chapter 14: Middle Cretaceous silicic metavolcanic rocks in the Kings Canyon area, central Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T12:10:39","indexId":"70207899","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-17T11:50:20","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1726,"text":"GSA Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 14: Middle Cretaceous silicic metavolcanic rocks in the Kings Canyon area, central Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"<p>Metamorphosed silicic volcanic and hypabyssal rocks of middle Cretaceous (110 to 100 Ma) age occur in two roof pendants in the Kings Canyon area of the central Sierra Nevada. The metavolcanic remnants are similar in age to or are only slightly older than the voluminous enclosing batholithic rocks. Thus, high to surface levels of the batholith are implied for this region. This is interesting considering that deep-level (∼25 km) batholithic rocks of the same age as the metavolcanic rocks occur at the southern end of the range. Apparent structural continuity between these two regions suggests that the southern half of the range offers an oblique section through young (˜100 Ma) sialic crust.</p><p>The middle Cretaceous ages of the two volcanic sequences are indicated by U/Pb zircon and Rb/Sr bulk-rock isochron data. The two isotopic systems agree very closely with one another. Some of the U/Pb systems within the Boyden Cave pendant are discordant due to the inheritance or entrainment of Proterozoic zircon. This is a common phenomenon in volcanic or plutonic rocks erupted or emplaced within the Kings sequence metamorphic framework, a belt of distinct pendants with abundant continent-derived sedimentary protoliths. In conjunction with other petrochemical parameters, lavas and magmas of this framework domain are shown to be contaminated with sedimentary admixtures. The contaminated domain of the batholith reflects the bounds of the Kings sequence framework, which along its eastern margin probably represents a major pre-batholith to early batholith tectonic break.</p><p>The middle Cretaceous metavolcanic sequences were apparently built on two distinctly different early Mesozoic substrates separated by a major tectonic break. In the Boyden Cave pendant, the substrate may be represented by the shallow to deep-marine Kings sequence; to the east in the Oak Creek pendant, the substrate consists of a thick silicic ignimbrite sequence. In both areas the middle Cretaceous rocks and adjacent sequences share intense ductile deformation fabrics. Earlier views that considered these fabrics as an expression of Jurassic orogenic deformation are in error. Structural and age relations indicate that the fabrics developed between 105 and 100 Ma and during the medial phases of Cretaceous composite batholith growth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/MEM174-p251","usgsCitation":"Saleeby, J., Kistler, R.W., Longiaru, S., Moore, J.G., and Nokleberg, W.J., 1990, Chapter 14: Middle Cretaceous silicic metavolcanic rocks in the Kings Canyon area, central Sierra Nevada, California: GSA Memoirs, v. 174, p. 251-270, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM174-p251.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.2181396484375,\n              36.70806354647625\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.8173828125,\n              36.70806354647625\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.8173828125,\n              37.68382032669382\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.2181396484375,\n              37.68382032669382\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.2181396484375,\n              36.70806354647625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saleeby, J.B.","contributorId":36148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleeby","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":115397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longiaru, Samuel","contributorId":221676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Longiaru","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70207897,"text":"70207897 - 1990 - Subsidence and volcanism of the Haleakala Ridge, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-01T18:26:55.125595","indexId":"70207897","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-17T11:20:46","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsidence and volcanism of the Haleakala Ridge, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Side-looking sonar (GLORIA) mapping has revealed a series of four arcuate bands of high sonic backscatter on the crest of the Haleakala Ridge, a major rift-zone ridge extending 135 km east of the island of Maui. Dredge recovery indicates that the shallowest of these bands is a drowned coral reef, and the deeper bands are also inferred to be coral reefs. The reefs occur above a prominent submarine bench 1500–2500 m deep on the ridge (H-terrace) that marks the shoreline at the end of vigorous shield building of Haleakala volcano when lava flows ceased crossing and reworking the shoreline.</p><p>Since their growth these reefs have subsided as much as 2200 m and have tilted systematically about 20 m/km southward as a result of post-reef volcanic loading on the island of Hawaii, whose center of mass is about directly south of the Haleakala Ridge. The<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>234</sup>U/<sup>238</sup>U age of the dredged coral is<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>750 &amp;#xB1; 13</mtext><mtext>ka</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">750 ± 13ka</span></span></span>, in reasonable agreement with an age of 850 ka for the underlying H terrace previously estimated from its relationship to other dated reefs to the southwest.</p><p>Basalt glass fragments dredged from the Haleakala Ridge below the H terrace are tholeiitic and contain high sulfur indicative of eruption in water deeper than 200 m. Basalt glass fragments associated with the reefs above the H terrace are dominantly tholeiitic and contain intermediate sulfur contents, indicative of subaqueous eruption in shallow, near-shore conditions. One alkalic glass fragment was recovered above the H terrace. These relations indicate that the morphologic end of shield building as recorded by construction of the H terrace was not accompanyed by a change from tholeiitic to alkalic basalt; instead tholeiite eruptions continued for some time before the erupted lava became alkalic.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(90)90004-Y","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., Clague, D.A., Ludwig, K., and Mark, R.K., 1990, Subsidence and volcanism of the Haleakala Ridge, Hawaii: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 42, no. 3, p. 273-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(90)90004-Y.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Haleakala Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -158.5986328125,\n              18.542116654448996\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.5556640625,\n              18.542116654448996\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.5556640625,\n              22.004174972902003\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.5986328125,\n              22.004174972902003\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.5986328125,\n              18.542116654448996\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, D. A.","contributorId":190950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":779686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70242782,"text":"70242782 - 1990 - Tertiary basin development and tectonic implications, Whipple Detachment System, Colorado River Extensional Corridor, California and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T20:34:22.120892","indexId":"70242782","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-10T14:50:24","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tertiary basin development and tectonic implications, Whipple Detachment System, Colorado River Extensional Corridor, California and Arizona","docAbstract":"<p><span>Colorado River extensional corridor. In the Mohave Mountains and Aubrey Hills of Arizona and the eastern Whipple Mountains of California near Parker Dam, these deposits comprise four unconformity-bounded sequences composed of locally derived epiclastic and volcanic rocks and the Peach Springs Tuff. The three older sequences represent syntectonic units that were deposited coeval with detachment faulting, and the fourth is interpreted to be postextensional. The sequences are correlated between four fault-bounded regions, which are the remnants of four different depositional basins. Similar sequences can be correlated over broad areas of the extensional corridor despite the general lack of widespread units. The basins developed in about the same positions, relative to each other and to volcanic sources, as they occupy at present. This is shown by gradational changes of pre-Tertiary rock types between regions, systematic variations in the abundance of magmatic units, and correlative volcanic units that occur in two adjacent regions. The basins formed in the early Miocene from segmentation of the upper crust into blocks bounded by high-angle faults that trended both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of extension and which were terminated at middle crustal depths by a low-angle detachment fault. Extreme rotation of one large crustal block, which constitutes the central Mohave Mountains, is recorded by a major unconformity in the lower Miocene section of one basin. Because coeval sections that formed in adjoining basins do not record this rotation, the underlying crustal blocks must have been separated by transfer faults that allowed them to rotate independently. These proposed transfer faults are represented at present by major faults with trends that parallel the direction of extension on the Whipple detachment system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB01p00599","usgsCitation":"Nielson, J.E., and Beratan, K.K., 1990, Tertiary basin development and tectonic implications, Whipple Detachment System, Colorado River Extensional Corridor, California and Arizona: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B1, p. 599-614, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB01p00599.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"614","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","otherGeospatial":"Aubrey Hills, Buckskin Mountain, Mohave Mountains, Parker Dam, Whipple Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.67259654456944,\n              34.723444254111214\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.67259654456944,\n              34.21307030209428\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.77304801522976,\n              34.21307030209428\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.77304801522976,\n              34.723444254111214\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.67259654456944,\n              34.723444254111214\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielson, J. E.","contributorId":106140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beratan, Kathi K.","contributorId":304218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beratan","given":"Kathi","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70241998,"text":"70241998 - 1990 - Chapter 19: Magmatic components of a tilted plutonic system, Klamath Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T21:26:16.943069","indexId":"70241998","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T16:13:46","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter 19: Magmatic components of a tilted plutonic system, Klamath Mountains, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Slinkard pluton (SP) and Wooley Creek batholith (WCB) are the lower and upper parts, respectively, of a tilted Middle Jurassic magma system. The SP and lower WCB intruded structurally lower ophiolitic mélange of the Marble Mountain terrane; the upper WCB intruded successively structurally higher metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the western and eastern Hayfork terranes. The predominant volume of the system comprised a two-layer chamber in which an upper dacitic magma crystallized to form tonalite to granite in the upper WCB and a lower andesitic magma crystallized to form gabbro to tonalite in the lower WCB and SP. The upper part of the system had Sr</span><sub>i</sub><span>, = 0.7043 and a range of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O from +8.7 to +11.2%o; the lower part had average Sr</span><sub>i</sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.7046 and δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O from +8.1 to +8.8%o The two layers of the system are separated by a transition zone that is intermediate in isotopie composition. The compositional differences between upper and lower parts of the system can be explained as (1) the result of intrusion of two separate pods of noncogenetic magma, or (2) the product of in situ assimilation-fractional crystallization. The second explanation requires that a relatively&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr-rich contaminant such as the structurally lower Marble Mountain terrane was assimilated in the lower part of the system, whereas an&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O-rich, generally&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr-poor contaminant such as the structurally intermediate western Hayfork terrane was assimilated by the upper part. Trace-element evidence suggests that gradational upward zoning (from gabbro to granite) resulted from an upward decrease in the efficiency of crystal-melt segregation and crystal accumulation. H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O-rich basaltic magma preceded development of the two-layer system, and basaltic pulses into the lower part of the system continued during most of its solidification history. Most basaltic rocks display evidence of some degree of fractional crystallization and interaction with crustal rocks; however, a few have low Sr</span><sub>i</sub><span>&nbsp;and high concentrations of Cr and Ni, characteristics of undifferentiated mantle melts. Two-mica granite of the western Slinkard pluton cannot be related to the remainder of the system by fractional crystallization. High δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O, high Ba, and low Sr abundances suggest that the two-mica granite is probably a partial melt of crustal material.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM174-p331","usgsCitation":"Barnes, C.G., Allen, C.M., Hoover, J.D., and Brigham, R.H., 1990, Chapter 19: Magmatic components of a tilted plutonic system, Klamath Mountains, California, chap. <i>of</i> The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism, v. 174, p. 331-346, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM174-p331.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"346","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.6305573879757,\n              41.99181577374989\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.6305573879757,\n              40.76673594999025\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.32023579117191,\n              40.76673594999025\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.32023579117191,\n              41.99181577374989\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.6305573879757,\n              41.99181577374989\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Calvin G.","contributorId":36608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Charlotte M. 0000-0002-7288-6758","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-6758","contributorId":292917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Charlotte","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":63074,"text":"Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoover, James D.","contributorId":303868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoover","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brigham, Robert H.","contributorId":303902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brigham","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70241997,"text":"70241997 - 1990 - Chapter 21: Neodymium, strontium, and trace-element evidence of crustal anatexis and magma mixing in the Idaho batholith","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T21:11:23.853533","indexId":"70241997","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T15:57:54","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter 21: Neodymium, strontium, and trace-element evidence of crustal anatexis and magma mixing in the Idaho batholith","docAbstract":"<p>Variations in initial<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>143</sup>Nd/<sup>144</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Nd in Late Cretaceous plutonic rocks along the South Fork of the Clearwater River (SFCR) supplement results of Sr and O studies, which demonstrate large-scale mixing in magmas forming the western margin of the Idaho batholith. These marginal or border phases of the batholith span the terrane boundary between Proterozoic crust of North America and late Paleozoic-Mesozoic intraoceanic arc terranes (WSD terranes), delineated by the Western Idaho suture zone (or WISZ).<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>ɛ</sup>Nd<sup>(t)</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>values in Early Cretaceous and older, pre-accretionary plutons of the WSD range from +3 to +7.6, and average +5.7. Proterozoic orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks range from -7.4 to -13.7 and -10.45 to -15.7, respectively.<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>ɛ</sup>Nd<sup>(t)</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in Late Cretaceous plutons of the SFCR decreases abruptly from west to east near the WISZ, varying inversely with ɛSr<sup>(t)</sup>. Although Sr isotopic evidence (Fleck and Criss, 1985) is consistent with a binary mixing model, Sm-Nd results modify those conclusions, suggesting that SFCR plutons may be divided into three groups. Group 1 plutons occur in a narrow zone (&lt;4 km width) along the suture zone (WISZ). These bodies probably represent at least three-component mixtures of very high-Sr, arc-type magmas, one or more Proterozoic crustal components that may include lower crust, and a high-Nb, high-Zr component. Group 2 plutons are characterized by high ɛSr<sup>(t)</sup>.and nearly constant, low ɛNd<sup>(t)</sup>. These bodies are thought to represent mixtures of deep-seated partial melts of two different Proterozoic lithospheric types, possibly representing upper and lower crust. Plutons belonging to Group 3 have ɛNd<sup>(t)</sup>.values &lt;-14 and probably incorporated substantial amounts of Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks, but mixing components are poorly defined.</p><p>Trace-element variations in SFCR rocks also reflect the arc terrane-continental crustal boundary as Nb, Zr, and Nd increase dramatically, whereas Sr, Rb/Nb, and Sm/Nd exhibit coincident decreases east of the WISZ. Modeling of these variations with the isotopic variations in Nd and Sr supports mixing, but precludes contamination-bulk-assimilation models. Correlated ɛNd, ɛSr, and δ<sup>18</sup>O within the SFCR favors mixing of crustal and subcrustal magmas rather than derivation of the melts entirely from subcontinental lithosphere.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM174-p359","usgsCitation":"Fleck, R.J., 1990, Chapter 21: Neodymium, strontium, and trace-element evidence of crustal anatexis and magma mixing in the Idaho batholith, chap. <i>of</i> The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism, v. 174, p. 359-374, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM174-p359.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"374","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.72255873206723,\n              47.96477348100723\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.72255873206723,\n              43.0950493093458\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05361477858645,\n              43.0950493093458\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05361477858645,\n              47.96477348100723\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.72255873206723,\n              47.96477348100723\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anderson, J. Lawford","contributorId":7275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868479,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70241996,"text":"70241996 - 1990 - Chapter 15: Two different lithosphere types in the Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T20:57:23.991707","indexId":"70241996","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T15:50:01","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter 15: Two different lithosphere types in the Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"<p>Chemical and isotopic characteristics of plutons in the western United States reflect compositions and protoliths of subjacent source materials. A discontinuously exposed shear zone that extends along the length of the Sierra Nevada in California marks a boundary between two areas manifested geologically by wall-rock and roof-pendant lithologies of different ages, depositional environments, and structural histories. In addition, plutons on either side of the boundary have different chemical and isotopic compositions, which indicate that their source regions are of two fundamentally different lithosphere types. The western lithosphere type is called Panthalassan, whereas the eastern type is called North American.</p><p>Isotopic investigations of plutons have defined an initial<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr (Sr<sub>i</sub>) = 0.706 line in each lithosphere type. However, δ<sup>18</sup>O more than +9 per mil in plutons with Sr<sub>i</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>greater than 0.706 in the Panthalassan lithosphere indicates a significantly greater sedimentary component in the source materials for these plutons than for those plutons with similar Sr<sub>i</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>but δ<sup>18</sup>O less than +9 per mil intruded into North American lithosphere. In contrast to the North American lithosphere, there is no evidence that a Proterozoic crystalline sialic basement exists where plutons have Sr<sub>i</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>greater than 0.706 in the Panthalassan lithosphere. Instead, the plutons with Sr<sub>i</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>greater than 0.706 intruded into Panthalassan lithosphere probably acquired that characteristic by assimilation of sediments derived from a Proterozoic sialic crust.</p><p>Plutons with Sr<sub>i</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>less than 0.706 have chemical and Nd isotopic characteristics that indicate time-integrated depletion in large ion lithophile elements in their source regions in the Panthalassan lithosphere relative to their sources in the North American lithosphere.</p><p>The tectonic contact between the two lithosphere types may be the extension of the Sonora-Mojave megashear into northern California.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM174-p271","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R., 1990, Chapter 15: Two different lithosphere types in the Sierra Nevada, California, chap. <i>of</i> The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism, v. 174, p. 271-282, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM174-p271.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"282","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.80311909334307,\n              35.67967867440433\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.27941246479301,\n              37.217050651643916\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5391015788071,\n              37.594563769042765\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.8844118660345,\n              37.75225053631934\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.14711639816923,\n              38.4413482207849\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00639907494747,\n              39.04033081724296\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.01808171128948,\n              40.065561099062705\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.03109061401318,\n              41.13365961302503\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8333522558508,\n              41.04287144268798\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.20670849473268,\n              40.65226720719656\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97952921615854,\n              39.722454345523715\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.11054971843856,\n              38.726852715308155\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.18051771158133,\n              37.63479941611946\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.57756240555739,\n              36.965563780650285\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.34933173045462,\n              36.60899874198313\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.96420772126595,\n              36.25100169979511\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.86871605842819,\n              35.18450304517211\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.21809028354033,\n              35.08551984107308\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.6036883313721,\n              35.45393852346898\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.80311909334307,\n              35.67967867440433\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anderson, J. Lawford","contributorId":7275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868477,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, Ronald W.","contributorId":56969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"Ronald W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70241995,"text":"70241995 - 1990 - Chapter 7: Jurassic granitoids and related rocks of the southern Bristol Mountains, southern Providence Mountains, and Colton Hills, Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T20:45:46.192064","indexId":"70241995","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T15:35:23","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter 7: Jurassic granitoids and related rocks of the southern Bristol Mountains, southern Providence Mountains, and Colton Hills, Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Jurassic plutons in the east-central Mojave Desert region are markedly different from older and younger Mesozoic plutons in the region. They form a chemically and texturally heterogeneous group that ranges in composition from diorite to syenogranite; some phases are alkalic. Igneous rocks in the southern Bristol Mountains, southern Providence Mountains, and Colton Hills are subdivided into five broadly defined groups on the basis of field relations and geochemistry: mafic intrusive rocks; mixed intrusive rocks, consisting of subequigranular and porphyritic subgroups; felsic intrusive rocks; metavolcanic and hypabyssal rocks; and dikes. There is a general trend from older, more mafic and heterogeneous rocks to younger, more felsic and homogeneous plutonic phases. Extreme spatial variations in composition and texture and other field relations indicate that the plutons were intruded during a relatively short time span. Field relations also indicate that the plutons were intruded at upper crustal levels. The plutons were affected by extensive late- or early post-magmatic sodium metasomatism (albitization), which resulted from the introduction and circulation of predominantly meteoric fluids. We propose that the plutons in this region were derived from compositionally heterogeneous but genetically related magmas generated from an upper mantle/lower crustal amphibolitic source. Similar Jurassic rocks are found elsewhere in the southern Cordillera, indicating that the genesis of these unusual rocks is a regional phenomenon.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM174-p111","usgsCitation":"Fox, L., and Miller, D., 1990, Chapter 7: Jurassic granitoids and related rocks of the southern Bristol Mountains, southern Providence Mountains, and Colton Hills, Mojave Desert, California, chap. <i>of</i> The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism, v. 174, p. 111-132, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM174-p111.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"132","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bristol Mountains, Colton Hills, Mojave Desert, Providence Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.17584352801589,\n              35.61009137164501\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.17584352801589,\n              34.26752643651733\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.06232606106683,\n              34.26752643651733\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.06232606106683,\n              35.61009137164501\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.17584352801589,\n              35.61009137164501\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anderson, J. Lawford","contributorId":7275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868475,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fox, Lydia","contributorId":192666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Lydia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70242055,"text":"70242055 - 1990 - Chapter 22: Changing patterns of extensional tectonics; Overprinting of the basin of the middle and upper Miocene Esmeralda Formation in western Nevada by younger structural basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T19:47:04.144312","indexId":"70242055","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T14:32:46","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter 22: Changing patterns of extensional tectonics; Overprinting of the basin of the middle and upper Miocene Esmeralda Formation in western Nevada by younger structural basins","docAbstract":"<p><span>The middle and upper Miocene Esmeralda Formation of western Nevada was deposited in a continental basin that crops out over an area of about 2,000 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. The formation consists of thin, westerly derived sedimentary rocks in the western three-quarters of the outcrop area and of thick (3+ km) easterly derived sedimentary rocks in the eastern quarter. Megabreccias along the eastern margin of the basin are interpreted as landslide deposits derived from fault scarps. The basin was probably a half-graben with a major fault or faults on the east side. The position of the basin, its size, and the inferred major syndepositional faults on its east side are all unrelated to present-day topography and the distribution of major faults in the area and indicate a change in paleogeography and structural pattern since the late Miocene. In the eastern part of the basin, this change was accompanied by deformation that includes low-angle-fault detachment of the Esmeralda Formation from underlying amphibolite-grade Late Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic rocks in the Mineral Ridge-Weepah Hills area and uplift, folding, faulting, tilting, and surface exposure of the entire 3+ km thickness of the formation. Middle and upper Miocene basins in the northern part of the Basin and Range province commonly have been attributed to the onset of basin-range tectonism. The tectonic history of the Esmeralda Formation, however, indicates that some of these basins do not occupy the same area, nor are they related to the same syndepositional faults, as present basins. The extensional basin of the Esmeralda Formation can be viewed either as an early structure in an evolving, but kinematically related, extensional terrane in which the distribution of basins and faults changed gradually with time, or as the product of an extensional event kinematically different from that which produced present structures in the same area. The latter hypothesis is favored because of the marked contrasts in the paleogeography and structures associated with the Esmeralda basin compared with modern basins.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Basin and Range extensional tectonics near the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM176-p447","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.H., and Diamond, D.S., 1990, Chapter 22: Changing patterns of extensional tectonics; Overprinting of the basin of the middle and upper Miocene Esmeralda Formation in western Nevada by younger structural basins, chap. <i>of</i> Basin and Range extensional tectonics near the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada, v. 176, p. 447-476, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM176-p447.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"476","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Esmerelda County, Mineral County, Mono County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.30725359509913,\n              38.09179976780905\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.30725359509913,\n              37.46076186262489\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.18163912792792,\n              37.46076186262489\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.18163912792792,\n              38.09179976780905\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.30725359509913,\n              38.09179976780905\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"176","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wernicke, Brian P.","contributorId":204208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wernicke","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36877,"text":"Cal Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868711,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":83086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diamond, David S.","contributorId":303953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diamond","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70242054,"text":"70242054 - 1990 - Chapter 10: Shallow crustal deformation in the Pahranagat area, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T19:27:14.08515","indexId":"70242054","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T14:14:56","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter 10: Shallow crustal deformation in the Pahranagat area, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>The Pahranagat area lies in the Basin and Range Province of southern Nevada. Paleozoic rocks in the study area were folded and faulted during the Sevier orogeny and subsequently extended prior to deposition of Tertiary strata. Middle Oligocene strata overlie the Paleozoic rocks with pronounced angular unconformity and were deposited on rocks of Late Cambrian through Pennsylvanian age in the eastern part of the study area. Middle Oligocene and Miocene strata unconformably overlie lower Paleozoic and Precambrian strata in the western part of the study area.</p><p>In the eastern part of the study area, extension occurred prior to deposition of the middle Oligocene strata; the area was relatively stable between the middle Oligocene and latest Miocene, and there was renewed extension following the latest Miocene to present. There is a significant structural and stratigraphic break in Cenozoic rocks of the western part of the quadrangle where angular unconformities in the Tertiary section indicate extension continued intermittently during the late Oligocene and Miocene.</p><p>Faulting and folding that has formed the present Basin and Range topography of the study area is latest Miocene and/or younger in age. Fault scarps in alluvial deposits, active seismicity, and warm springs indicate the area is still tectonically active. The study area lies in a zone of northeast-southwest-trending structures characterized by structural, geophysical, and igneous trends that are referred to herein as the Escalante disrupted zone.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Basin and Range extensional tectonics near the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM176-p213","usgsCitation":"Jayko, A.S., 1990, Chapter 10: Shallow crustal deformation in the Pahranagat area, southern Nevada, chap. <i>of</i> Basin and Range extensional tectonics near the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada, v. 176, p. 213-236, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM176-p213.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pahranagat area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.99398730715728,\n              37.61369299951804\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.99398730715728,\n              37.00252475424658\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.74808446309268,\n              37.00252475424658\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.74808446309268,\n              37.61369299951804\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.99398730715728,\n              37.61369299951804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"176","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wernicke, Brian P.","contributorId":204208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wernicke","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36877,"text":"Cal Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868708,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Jayko, Angela S. 0000-0002-7378-0330 ajayko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":2531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"Angela","email":"ajayko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006658,"text":"70006658 - 1990 - Kidney lesions associated with mortality in chickens inoculated with waterfowl influenza viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-23T11:26:50","indexId":"70006658","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T13:11:30","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kidney lesions associated with mortality in chickens inoculated with waterfowl influenza viruses","docAbstract":"<p>Seventy-six type A influenza viruses recovered from waterfowl in Wisconsin, California, South Dakota, Florida, Texas, Alabama, and Nebraska were tested for virulence in chickens. The challenge to chickens was intravenous inoculation of first-, second-, or third-egg-passage virus. Each of the virus strains was tested separately in three or four chickens. Eighteen of the 76 viruses caused the death of one or more chickens following inoculation. Postmortem lesions were similar in all dead birds. In decreasing order of frequency, gross lesions included: swollen kidneys evident as accentuated lobular patterns, urates in the pericardial sac, and urates on the surface of the liver. Microscopic lesions present in kidneys were consistent with visceral gout. Mortality was associated with inoculations having higher concentrations of infectious virus. These results indicate that the influenza A viruses circulating in duck populations may include strains potentially pathogenic for chickens.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1591342","usgsCitation":"Slemons, R., Locke, L.N., Sheerar, M.G., Duncan, R.M., Hinshaw, V.S., and Easterday, B., 1990, Kidney lesions associated with mortality in chickens inoculated with waterfowl influenza viruses: Avian Diseases, v. 34, no. 1, p. 120-128, https://doi.org/10.2307/1591342.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288585,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1591342"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, California, Florida, Nebraska, South Dakota, Texas, 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 \"}}]}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7758e4b0abf75cf2c103","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slemons, R.D.","contributorId":75737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slemons","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, L. N.","contributorId":73539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheerar, Martha G.","contributorId":43671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheerar","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duncan, R. M.","contributorId":102828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hinshaw, Virginia S.","contributorId":79404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinshaw","given":"Virginia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Easterday, B.C.","contributorId":31677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easterday","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70006796,"text":"70006796 - 1990 - The California Valley grassland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-01T12:40:20","indexId":"70006796","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T11:50:51","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The California Valley grassland","docAbstract":"<p>Grasslands are distributed throughout California from Oregon to Baja California Norte and from the coast to the desert (Brown 1982) (Figure 1).  This review will focus on the dominant formation in cismontane California, a community referred to as Valley Grassland (Munz 1959).  Today, Valley Grassland is dominated by non-native annual grasses in genera such as <u>Avena</u> (wild oat), <u>Bromus</u> (brome grass), and <u>Hordeum</u> (barley), and is often referred to as the California annual grassland.  On localized sites, native perennial bunchgrasses such as <u>Stipa pultra</u> (purple needle grass) may dominate and such sites are interpreted to be remnants of the pristine valley grassland.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In northwestern California a floristically distinct formation of the Valley Grassland, known as Coast Prairie (Munz 1959) or Northern Coastal Grassland (Holland and Keil 1989) is recognized.  The dominant grasses include many native perennial bunchgrasses in genera such as <u>Agrostis</u>, <u>Calamagrostis</u>, <u>Danthonia</u>, <u>Deschampsia</u>, <u>Festuca</u>, <u>Koeleria</u> and <u>Poa</u> (Heady et al. 1977).  Non-native annuals do not dominate, but on some sites non-native perennials like <u>Anthoxanthum odoratum</u> may colonize the native grassland (Foin and Hektner 1986).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Elevationally, California's grasslands extend from sea level to at leas 1500 m.  The upper boundary is vague because montane grassland formations are commonly referred to as meadows; a community which Munz (1959) does not recognize.  Holland and Keil (1989) describe the montane meadow as an azonal community; that is, a community restricted not so much to a particular climatic zone but rather controlled by substrate characteristics.  They consider poor soil-drainage an over-riding factor in the development of montane meadows and, in contrast to grasslands, meadows often remain green through the summer drought.  Floristically, meadows are composed of graminoids; Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, and rhizomatous grasses such as <u>Agropyron</u> (wheat grass).  Some bunchgrasses, such as <u>Muhlenbergia rigens</u>, are found in both montane meadows and moister grasslands.  Forbs when present, are typically perennials.  East of the interior ranges, grasslands are uncommon although native perennial bunchgrasses in genera such as <u>Stipa</u>, <u>Hilaria</u> and <u>Aristida</u> are common in steppe and desert scrub.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Today, Valley Grassland covers nearly 7 million ha or 17% or the state (Huenneke 1989), although other sources list less than half this amount (Jones and Stokes 1987).  There is some evidence that extent of the grassland region has not changed since pre-European conditions, although the spatial distribution of grasslands has likely changed substantially (Huenneke 1989).  That is, many current grasslands previously may have been dominated by other vegetation types and vice versa.  Without question, many former grasslands have been converted to agricultural and urban use (Barry 1972).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Valley Grassland community occurs in regions characterized by a broad range of climatic conditions.  Average January temperatures may range from 5°C to 15°C and July temperatures from 15°C to 30°C (NOAA 1988).  Annual precipitation ranges from approximately 12 cm to over 200 cm, although all sites are characterized by a summer drought of 4-8 months (Heady 1977).  Grasslands are well developed on deep, fine-textured soils although they are not restricted to such conditions (Wells 1962, Adams 1964, Heady 1977).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Endangered Plant Communities of Southern California: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"California State University","publisherLocation":"Fullerton, CA","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1990, The California Valley grassland, chap. <i>of</i> Endangered Plant Communities of Southern California: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Symposium, p. 3-23.","productDescription":"p. 3-23","startPage":"3","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289308,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d871e4b07c5f79a7f35f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schoenherr, Allan A.","contributorId":112736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenherr","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508392,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70242099,"text":"70242099 - 1990 - Paleogeographic setting of upper Paleozoic rocks in the northern Sierra and eastern Klamath terranes, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T16:23:20.627048","indexId":"70242099","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T11:13:22","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Paleogeographic setting of upper Paleozoic rocks in the northern Sierra and eastern Klamath terranes, northern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Upper Paleozoic rocks of the northern Sierra and eastern Klamath terranes provide detailed stratigraphic records of ensimatic arc-related sedimentation and magmatism. Comparison of Paleozoic stratigraphic relations between the two terranes, however, suggests certain contrasts in depositional environments and the nature, volume, and timing of volcanism for given time intervals. Some lithologic and provenance ties indicate a paleogeographic relation. Variations in stratigraphy between the two terranes and within terranes imply differences in geodynamic setting. These and regional geologic relations indicate an early and persistent paleogeographic tie between the two areas, and they further suggest that the eastern Klamath terrane may have lain outboard and trenchward of the northern Sierra terrane during much of their late Paleozoic evolution. Stratigraphic ties for mid-Permian and lower Mesozoic rocks imply a closer relation and more similar geodynamic setting during subsequent evolution.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleozoic and early Mesozoic paleogeographic relations; Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, and related terranes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE255-p175","usgsCitation":"Harwood, D.S., and Miller, M., 1990, Paleogeographic setting of upper Paleozoic rocks in the northern Sierra and eastern Klamath terranes, northern California, chap. <i>of</i> Paleozoic and early Mesozoic paleogeographic relations; Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, and related terranes: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 255, p. 175-192, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE255-p175.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"192","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.98772461990696,\n              39.26984407275643\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.24972508521512,\n              41.76320879713796\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.62193389829307,\n              41.07183903062355\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.34921305163263,\n              38.52730851059437\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.98772461990696,\n              39.26984407275643\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"255","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harwood, David S.","contributorId":48153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. Meghan","contributorId":304008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M. Meghan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70242098,"text":"70242098 - 1990 - Age and depositional setting of siliceous sediments in the upper Paleozoic Havallah sequence near Battle Mountain, Nevada; Implications for the paleogeography and structural evolution of the western margin of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T16:05:18.998977","indexId":"70242098","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T10:58:24","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Age and depositional setting of siliceous sediments in the upper Paleozoic Havallah sequence near Battle Mountain, Nevada; Implications for the paleogeography and structural evolution of the western margin of North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>The upper Paleozoic Havallah sequence of central Nevada is a folded and thrust-faulted association of greenstone, siliceous marine sedimentary rocks, and deep-water clastic rocks. Microfossil assemblages (radiolarians, sponge spicules, and conodonts) are used as tools to unravel the stratigraphy and to interpret the paleoenvironments of the siliceous sedimentary rocks. Nine radiolarian assemblages (Osagean to Guadalupian) are described and used for delineation and correlation of fault-bounded lithotectonic units. The biostratigraphic zonation reveals that the oldest rocks in each lithotectonic unit are progressively younger from the structurally highest to the lowest units, suggesting progressive west-to-east upsection stepping of the Golconda sole thrust with accretion of each unit. Analyses of the radiolarian and sponge spicule faunas permit lateral and temporal comparisons of depositional environments. The lower structural units are coarsening-upward sequences of hemipelagic slope deposits overlain by sponge spicule-rich turbidites derived from a shallow source. The uppermost structural unit is a coarsening-upward basinal sequence. Permian sponge spicules in turbidites of the slope sequences and redeposited fusulinids in the basin sequence are similar to those in adjacent autochthonous (North American) regions. Permian radiolarians and sponge spicules in hemipelagic siliceous argillite of the slope sequences are similar to those in the Northern Sierra terrane to the west; the Havallah basin and the Northern Sierra arc terrane were overlain, therefore, by a similar water mass and may have been in proximity during the Permian. Clastic dikes and sills containing volcanic, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock clasts are Leonardian or younger.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleozoic and early Mesozoic paleogeographic relations; Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, and related terranes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE255-p137","usgsCitation":"Murchey, B.L., 1990, Age and depositional setting of siliceous sediments in the upper Paleozoic Havallah sequence near Battle Mountain, Nevada; Implications for the paleogeography and structural evolution of the western margin of North America, chap. <i>of</i> Paleozoic and early Mesozoic paleogeographic relations; Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, and related terranes: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 255, p. 137-156, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE255-p137.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"156","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Havallah sequence","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.51903504169039,\n              42.00624512838411\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51903504169039,\n              37.4932697804677\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.27177600227202,\n              37.4932697804677\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.27177600227202,\n              42.00624512838411\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51903504169039,\n              42.00624512838411\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"255","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Harwood, David S.","contributorId":48153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868893,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. Meghan","contributorId":304008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M. Meghan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868894,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Murchey, Benita L. bmurchey@usgs.gov","contributorId":504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"Benita","email":"bmurchey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":868892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70242095,"text":"70242095 - 1990 - Stratigraphy and tectonics of Paleozoic arc-related rocks of the northernmost Sierra Nevada, California; The eastern Klamath and northern Sierra terranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T15:24:07.066814","indexId":"70242095","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T10:11:34","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Stratigraphy and tectonics of Paleozoic arc-related rocks of the northernmost Sierra Nevada, California; The eastern Klamath and northern Sierra terranes","docAbstract":"<p>The Eastern Klamath and Northern Sierra terranes of northern California consist of Devonian to Jurassic arc-related rocks that structurally and/or stratigraphically overlie Devonian(?) or older complexes that consist of quartzite, quartzofeldspathic sandstone, chert, and mafic and ultramafic rocks. These terranes lie within a regional belt of Paleozoic arc-related rocks that can be recognized from the Sierra Nevada to British Columbia. The Eastern Klamath and Northern Sierra terranes are geographically separate and have paleontologic linkage, but lack direct stratigraphic ties in strata of Late Devonian to Early Permian age.</p><p>This chapter describes new stratigraphic correlations and structural interpretations of rocks that lie in the northernmost part of the Sierra Nevada. These rocks include the Butt Valley block of the Northern Sierra terrane, and rocks herein interpreted as dismembered Eastern Klamath terrane. The rocks of Eastern Klamath terrane affinity, Soda Ravine block, occur as a tectonic sliver that lies to the west of the Butt Valley block.</p><p>The Soda Ravine block is about 2 to 4 km by 20 km and includes limestone lenses equivalent to zone A of the McCloud Limestone of the Eastern Klamath terrane, and upper Middle and Upper Triassic limestone, slate, siltstone, and pebble conglomerate. Similar Permian limestone with McCloud faunal affinities and slate-bearing slivers have been noted by previous workers in this area and to the south.</p><p>The Butt Valley block had previously been interpreted as part of the west limb of a regional anticline, the Almanor anticline. New mapping suggests that the block is not contiguous with rocks that lie to the east. The Butt Valley block includes the Devonian and Mississippian Taylor Formation, which is unconformably overlain by an Upper Triassic (Carnian and Norian) basal conglomerate and sandstone, which in turn is overlain by Upper Triassic limestone. The Upper Triassic limestone is overlain by a sparsely fossiliferous, lithic-volcaniclastic sequence containing poorly preserved Triassic or Early Jurassic, and probable Early Jurassic, ammonites and clams. This sequence is similar to conglomerate, Triassic limestone, and volcaniclastic rocks of the Jurassic Sailor Canyon Formation, which overlie a regional Late Triassic unconformity west of Lake Tahoe, thus expanding the known distribution of the unconformity in the Sierra Nevada. The Triassic unconformity overlies Carboniferous and older rocks around the North Fork American River area to the south, and overlies Devonian and older rocks on the Butt Valley block, but overlies Permian rocks east and southeast of the Butt Valley block. These relations suggest that either the Butt Valley block was part of a highland or uplifted block along the western part of the northern Sierra terrane or that the Butt Valley block previously lay closer to the North Fork American River area and has been translated northward by right-slip displacement.</p><p>Northern Sierra terrane east of the Butt Valley block consists of the Hough and Genesse blocks, which are separated by the Grizzly Mountain fault zone. The Grizzly Mountain fault zone is here interpreted to be a transpressional right-slip fault.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleozoic and early Mesozoic paleogeographic relations; Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, and related terranes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE255-p307","usgsCitation":"Jayko, A.S., 1990, Stratigraphy and tectonics of Paleozoic arc-related rocks of the northernmost Sierra Nevada, California; The eastern Klamath and northern Sierra terranes, chap. <i>of</i> Paleozoic and early Mesozoic paleogeographic relations; Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, and related terranes: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 255, p. 307-324, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE255-p307.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"324","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.99625329087249,\n              41.284608835237066\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4285883719287,\n              41.284608835237066\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4285883719287,\n              39.674286191270824\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.99625329087249,\n              39.674286191270824\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.99625329087249,\n              41.284608835237066\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"255","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Harwood, David S.","contributorId":48153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868883,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. Meghan","contributorId":304008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M. Meghan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868884,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Jayko, Angela S. 0000-0002-7378-0330 ajayko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":2531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"Angela","email":"ajayko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70137855,"text":"70137855 - 1990 - High-energy carbonate-sand accumulation, the Quicksands, southwest Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T17:12:36","indexId":"70137855","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-energy carbonate-sand accumulation, the Quicksands, southwest Florida Keys","docAbstract":"<p><span>High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles of the Quicksands, located along a broad ridge on the platform shelf west of Key West, Florida, indicate a significant deposit of non-oolitic carbonate sand occurs in a belt 47 km long by 28 km wide. The surface of the belt is ornamented by large (5 m), migrating tidal bars, oriented in a north-south direction, on which sand waves, oriented in an east-west direction, are superimposed. Some of the sand waves are awash at low tide. The sand waves are formed by strong reversing tidal currents flowing between the Gulf of Mexico and the Straits of Florida. The waves migrate directly over Pleistocene bedrock to the east, but the deposit thickens to the west and sand waves there overlie non-oolitic Holocene accumulations as thick as 12 m. Westward-dipping accretionary bedding indicates that net migration of the sands is to the west, despite north-south movement of tidal currents. The westward edge of the accumulation has accreted over deeper, muddier deposits. Although tidal currents and resultant bedforms appear identical to those of active ooid deposits in the Bahamas and elsewhere, no oolitically coated grains were found in this study. Thin-section analyses show the principal component (average 48%) of the sands is fragmented plates of species of the green alga Halimeda , followed by particulate coral (average 17%), which increases off the flanks of the main sand body. Short vibracores confirm the presence of cross-bedding.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","doi":"10.1306/D4267654-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Shinn, E., Lidz, B.H., and Holmes, C.W., 1990, High-energy carbonate-sand accumulation, the Quicksands, southwest Florida Keys: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 60, no. 6, p. 952-967, https://doi.org/10.1306/D4267654-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"952","endPage":"967","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.375244140625,\n              25.334096684794456\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.969482421875,\n              25.334096684794456\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.04638671875,\n              24.427145340082046\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.21044921875,\n              24.387127324604496\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.375244140625,\n              25.334096684794456\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bc1e4b08de9379b34ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinn, Eugene A.","contributorId":86708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidz, Barbara H. blidz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"Barbara","email":"blidz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":538195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70137865,"text":"70137865 - 1990 - Major off-axis hydrothermal activity on the northern Gorda Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T13:39:05","indexId":"70137865","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major off-axis hydrothermal activity on the northern Gorda Ridge","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\"><p id=\"p-1\">The first hydrothermal field on the northern Gorda Ridge, the Sea Cliff hydrothermal field, was discovered and geologic controls of hydrothermal activity in the rift valley were investigated on a dive series using the DSV <i>Sea Cliff</i>. The Sea Cliff hydrothermal field was discovered where predicted at the intersection of axis-oblique and axis-parallel faults at the south end of a linear ridge at mid-depth (2700 m) on the east wall. Preliminary mapping and sampling of the field reveal: a setting nested on nearly sediment-free fault blocks 300 m above the rift valley floor 2.6 km from the axis; a spectrum of venting types from seeps to black smokers; high conductive heat flow estimated to be equivalent to the convective flux of multiple black smokers through areas of the sea floor sealed by a caprock of elastic breccia primarily derived from basalt with siliceous cement and barite pore fillings; and a vent biota with Juan de Fuca Ridge affinites. These findings demonstrate the importance of off-axis hydrothermal activity and the role of the intersection of tectonic lineations in controlling hydrothermal sites at sea-floor spreading centers.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0493:MOAHAO>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rona, P.A., Denlinger, R.P., Fisk, M.R., Howard, K.J., Taghon, G.L., Klitgord, K.D., McClain, J.S., McMurray, G.R., and Wiltshire, J.C., 1990, Major off-axis hydrothermal activity on the northern Gorda Ridge: Geology, v. 18, no. 6, p. 493-496, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0493:MOAHAO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"496","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Gorda Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.37695312499999,\n              51.45400691005982\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.904296875,\n              51.781435604431195\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.3984375,\n              53.38332836757156\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.265625,\n              51.23440735163459\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.79296875,\n              49.66762782262194\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.15625000000001,\n              47.45780853075031\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.41992187499999,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              41.04621681452063\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.837890625,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.21289062499999,\n              32.32427558887655\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.6640625,\n              32.62087018318113\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.37695312499999,\n              51.45400691005982\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bece4b08de9379b3571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rona, Peter A.","contributorId":14912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rona","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisk, M. R.","contributorId":17031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisk","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, K. J.","contributorId":25682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taghon, G. 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R.","contributorId":77940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMurray","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wiltshire, J. C.","contributorId":138660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiltshire","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70169013,"text":"70169013 - 1990 - Perspectives on earthquake hazards in the New Madrid seismic zone, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-10T13:57:13","indexId":"70169013","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perspectives on earthquake hazards in the New Madrid seismic zone, Missouri","docAbstract":"<p>A sequence of three great earthquakes struck the Central United States during the winter of 1811-1812 in the area of New Madrid, Missouri. they are considered to be the greatest earthquakes in the conterminous U.S because they were felt and caused damage at far greater distances than any other earthquakes in U.S history. The large population currently living within the damage area of these earthquakes means that widespread destruction and loss of life is likely if the sequence were repeated. In contrast to California, where the earthquakes are felt frequently, the damaging earthquakes that have occurred in the Easter U.S-in 155 (Cape Ann, Mass.), 1811-12 (New Madrid, Mo.), 1886 (Charleston S.C) ,and 1897 (Giles County, Va.- are generally regarded as only historical phenomena (fig. 1). The social memory of these earthquakes no longer exists. A fundamental problem in the Eastern U.S, therefore, is that the earthquake hazard is not generally considered today in land-use and civic planning. This article offers perspectives on the earthquake hazard of the New Madrid seismic zone through discussions of the geology of the Mississippi Embayment, the historical earthquakes that have occurred there, the earthquake risk, and the \"tools\" that geoscientists have to study the region. The so-called earthquake hazard is defined &nbsp;by the characterization of the physical attributes of the geological structures that cause earthquakes, the estimation of the recurrence times of the earthquakes, the estimation of the recurrence times of the earthquakes, their potential size, and the expected ground motions. the term \"earthquake risk,\" on the other hand, refers to aspects of the expected damage to manmade strctures and to lifelines as a result of the earthquake hazard. &nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Thenhaus, P., 1990, Perspectives on earthquake hazards in the New Madrid seismic zone, Missouri: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 22, no. 1, p. 4-21.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New Madrid seismic zone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.0164794921875,\n              36.00022956178002\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.2364501953125,\n              36.00911716117325\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.132080078125,\n              36.99816565700228\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8626708984375,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.0164794921875,\n              36.00022956178002\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e2a8c9e4b0f59b85d391a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thenhaus, P.C.","contributorId":46089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenhaus","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015763,"text":"70015763 - 1990 - Chemistry and origin of minor and trace elements in selected vitrinite concentrates from bituminous and anthracitic coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T00:49:29.715162","indexId":"70015763","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry and origin of minor and trace elements in selected vitrinite concentrates from bituminous and anthracitic coals","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p><br></p><p>Organic and inorganic affinities were determined by comparing the elemental concentrations in the vitrinite concentrates to the concentrations in the companion whole coals. The ratios of these concentrations for 33 selected elements are shown in Figure 1. Ratios greater than 1 indicate organic affinity, and ratios less than 1 indicate inorganic affinity.</p><p>Br and W generally showed organic affinity in all samples in this study. In the nine samples from the eastern United States (Fig. 1A-C) less than one-fourth of the trace elements show organic affinity compared to nearly one-half for the three English and Australian samples (Fig. 1D). The elements that generally show organic affinity in the non-U.S.A. samples studied include As, Cs, Hf, and Ni, which have generally inorganic affinities in the U.S.A. samples, and Cr, Sb, Se, and U, which have mixed (both organic and inorganic) affinities, in the U.S.A. coals studied, has an inorganic affinity in the English coals studied. B shows organic affinity in the samples from the Illinois basin (Fig. 1C). For the samples studied, Ba shows organic affinity in the Appalachian basin bituminous coals (Fig. 1B), inorganic affinity in the Illinois basin coals, and overall mixed affinities. In all the samples studied, Cu, Mn, Na, Sr, Ta, V, and Zn show mixed affinities, and A1, Co, Eu, Fe, Ga, K, La, Mg, Sc, Si, Th, Ti, and Ub have generally inorganic affinity.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(90)90035-W","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Palmer, C., and Lyons, P., 1990, Chemistry and origin of minor and trace elements in selected vitrinite concentrates from bituminous and anthracitic coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 16, no. 1-3, p. 189-192, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(90)90035-W.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224278,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5a5e4b0c8380cd4c339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, C.A.","contributorId":81894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016158,"text":"70016158 - 1990 - Epithermal gold-siver deposits in the western United States: time-space products of evolving plutonic, volcanic and tectonic environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T11:07:40","indexId":"70016158","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epithermal gold-siver deposits in the western United States: time-space products of evolving plutonic, volcanic and tectonic environments","docAbstract":"<p><span>The western United States has been the locus of considerable subaerial volcanic and plutonic igneous activity since the mid-Mesozoic. After the destruction of the Jurassic-Cretaceous magmatic arc-trench system, subduction was re-established in the Late Mesozoic with low-angle underthrusting of the oceanic plate beneath western North America. This resulted in crustal shortening during the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary and removal of the mantle lithosphere west of the Rocky Mountains. Commencing in the Eocene, flat subduction ceased, the volcanic arc began to re-establish itself along the continental margin, and the hingeline along the steepening subducting plate migrated from east to west. The crust east of the migrating hingeline was exposed to hot asthenosphere, and widespread tectonics and volcanic activity resulted. Hydrothermal activity accompanied the volcanism resulting in numerous epithermal gold-silver deposits. The temporal and spatial distributions of epithermal deposits in the region are therefore systematic and can be subdivided into discrete time intervals which are related to widespread changes in magmatic activity. Time intervals selected for discussion are Pre-Cenozoic, 66-55 Ma, 54-43 Ma, 42-34 Ma, 33-24 Ma, 23-17 Ma, and &lt;17 Ma. Many of these intervals contain both sedimentary-rock and two varieties of volcanic-rock hosted deposits (adularia-sericite and alunite-kaolinite ± pyrophyllite). Continental rifting is important to the formation of deposits, and, within any given region, it is at the initiation of&nbsp;</span><i>deep</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>rifting that alunite-kaolinite ± pyrophyllite type epithermal deposits are formed. Adularia-sericite type deposits are most common, being related to all compositions and styles of volcanic activity. Therefore, the volcano-tectonic context of the western United States provides a unified framework in which to understand and explore for epithermal type deposits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(90)90053-D","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Berger, B.R., and Bonham, H.F., 1990, Epithermal gold-siver deposits in the western United States: time-space products of evolving plutonic, volcanic and tectonic environments: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 36, no. 1-3, p. 103-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(90)90053-D.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a19e4b0c8380cd521d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonham, Harold F. Jr.","contributorId":60224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonham","given":"Harold","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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