{"pageNumber":"3231","pageRowStart":"80750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184900,"records":[{"id":70093573,"text":"70093573 - 2000 - Water resources management plan: Cold Harbor and Gaines' Mill units, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:44:24","indexId":"70093573","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:37:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Water resources management plan: Cold Harbor and Gaines' Mill units, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Harper's Ferry, WV","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Vana-Miller, D., and Flora, M.D., 2000, Water resources management plan: Cold Harbor and Gaines' Mill units, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia, 81 p.","productDescription":"81 p.","numberOfPages":"81","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Richmond","otherGeospatial":"Richmond National Battlefield Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.427333,37.347836 ], [ -77.427333,37.600125 ], [ -77.236895,37.600125 ], [ -77.236895,37.347836 ], [ -77.427333,37.347836 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7cb3e4b0b2908510eead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vana-Miller, David","contributorId":53291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vana-Miller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flora, Mark D.","contributorId":25866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flora","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70093927,"text":"70093927 - 2000 - High-temperature quartz cement and the role of stylolites in a deep gas reservoir, Spiro Sandstone, Arkoma Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-14T11:41:07","indexId":"70093927","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:33:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"High-temperature quartz cement and the role of stylolites in a deep gas reservoir, Spiro Sandstone, Arkoma Basin, USA","docAbstract":"The Spiro Sandstone, a natural gas play in the central Arkoma Basin and the frontal Ouachita Mountains preserves excellent porosity in chloritic channel-fill sandstones despite thermal maturity levels corresponding to incipient metamorphism. Some wells, however, show variable proportions of a late-stage, non-syntaxial quartz cement, which post-dated thermal cracking of liquid hydrocarbons to pyrobitumen plus methane. Temperatures well in excess of 150°C and possibly exceeding 200°C are also suggested by (i) fluid inclusions in associated minerals; (ii) the fact that quartz post-dated high-temperature chlorite polytype IIb; (iii) vitrinite reflectance values of the Spiro that range laterally from 1.9 to ≥ 4%; and (iii) the occurrence of late dickite in these rocks. Oxygen isotope values of quartz cement range from 17.5 to 22.4‰ VSMOW (total range of individual in situ ion microprobe measurements) which are similar to those of quartz cement formed along high-amplitude stylolites (18.4–24.9‰). We favour a model whereby quartz precipitation was controlled primarily by the availability of silica via deep-burial stylolitization within the Spiro Sandstone. Burial-history modelling showed that the basin went from a geopressured to a normally pressured regime within about 10–15 Myr after it reached maximum burial depth. While geopressure and the presence of chlorite coats stabilized the grain framework and inhibited nucleation of secondary quartz, respectively, stylolites formed during the subsequent high-temperature, normal-pressured regime and gave rise to high-temperature quartz precipitation. Authigenic quartz growing along stylolites underscores their role as a significant deep-burial silica source in this sandstone.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quartz cementation in sandstones","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Malden, MA","doi":"10.1002/9781444304237.ch19","isbn":"0632054824","usgsCitation":"Worden, R.H., Morad, S., Spotl, C., Houseknecht, D., and Riciputi, L., 2000, High-temperature quartz cement and the role of stylolites in a deep gas reservoir, Spiro Sandstone, Arkoma Basin, USA, chap. of Quartz cementation in sandstones, v. 29, p. 281-297, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444304237.ch19.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282398,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282396,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444304237.ch19"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas;Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Arkoma Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.4744,33.5002 ], [ -97.4744,36.3318 ], [ -90.6246,36.3318 ], [ -90.6246,33.5002 ], [ -97.4744,33.5002 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6096e4b0b290850fd02f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worden, Richard H.","contributorId":43271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worden","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morad, Sadoon","contributorId":77048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morad","given":"Sadoon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spotl, C.","contributorId":11944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spotl","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Houseknecht, D.W. 0000-0002-9633-6910","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":33695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riciputi, L.R.","contributorId":27360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riciputi","given":"L.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70073349,"text":"70073349 - 2000 - Isotopic studies of authigenic sulfides, silicates and carbonates, and calcite and pyrite veinlets in the Creede Formation, San Juan Mountains, Southwest Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-16T12:38:49","indexId":"70073349","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic studies of authigenic sulfides, silicates and carbonates, and calcite and pyrite veinlets in the Creede Formation, San Juan Mountains, Southwest Colorado","docAbstract":"Sulfur isotope analysis of authigenic pyrite in the Creede Formation documents its precipitation by the reaction between iron in the volcaniclastic sediments and H2S formed through bacteriogenic reduction of sulfate added to the lake during and immediately following repeated volcanic eruptions during sedimentation. Pyrite veinlets in the underlying Snowshoe Mountain Tuff were formed by the percolation of H2S-bearing pore waters into fractures in the tuff. Conventional analyses of bulk samples of authigenic pyrite range from -20.4% to 34.5% essentially equivalent to the range of -30% to 40% determined using SHRIMP microprobe techniques. Conventional analyses of bulk samples of pyrite from veinlets in the Snowshow Mountain Tiff range from -3.5% to 17.6% much more limited than the ranges of -23% to 111% and -15.6% to 67.0% determined by SHRIMP and laser ablation microbeam techniques, respectively. The extreme range of δ34S for the veinlets is interpreted to be the result of continued fractionation of the already 34S-depleted pore water. Oxygen isotope analysis of authigenic smectite, kaolinite, and K-feldspar together with fluid-inclusion temperatures and oxygen isotope analysis of calcite coexisting with kaolinite indicate that the smectites formed early during burial diagenesis, in accord with petrographic observations. The 40Ar/39Ar dating of K-feldspar, concorfance of K-feldspar, kaolinite, and calcite δ18O values, and fluid-inclusion temperatures in calcite, indicate that the sediments at core hole CCM-1 were subjected to a hydrothermal event at 17.6 Ma. The minerals formed oxygen-shifted meteoric waters with δ18O values of ~-9% Smecities at CCM-1 at least partially exchanged with these waters. Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of authigenic calcites in the Creede Formation show that they formed over a wide range of temperatures from fluids having a wide range of isotopic composition, presumably over an extended period time. Some of the cements apparently formed very late from unexchanged meteoric water. Concretions and possibly some cements at CCM-1 appear to have exchanged with the 17.6 Ma oxygen-shifted hydrothermal fluids. Such exchange is consistent with evidence that lacustrine carbonates at CCM-1 exchanged with low 18O waters, whereas those at CCM-2 underwent little, if any, exchange. The δ13C-δ18O values for calcite veinlets in the Creede Formation are similar to those for authegenic calcites. Fluid-inclusion temperatures and δ18O indicate that some were deposited during the 17.6 Ma hydrothermal event and others from unexchanged meteoric water at a later date. The isotope studies confirm that part of the model of Rye et al., proposing that the barites in the southern end of the Creede Mining District were formed by mixing of the Creede hydrotermal system with Lake Creede pore of lake waters. The silicate and carbonate isotope data indicate that the pores of the Creede Formation were occupied by at least three isotopically distinct water since the time of deposition. The original pore fluids were probably shifted to lower δ18O values during burial diagensis as a result of the hydrolysis of the volcanic glass to for smectites and other hydrous silicates. During or prior to a 17.6 Ma hydrothermal event in the vicinity of CCM-1, the Creede Formation was flushed with oxygen-shifted meteoric water, possibly related to the breaching of the east side of the caldera wall sometime between 20 and 22 Ma. Later, the Creede Formation was again flushed, this time with unexchanged meteoric water with δD-δ18O values of present-day waters, possibly during the incision of the Rio Grande drainage during uplifting of the southern Rocky Mountains beginning about 5 Ma.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Special Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2346-9.267","usgsCitation":"Bethke, P., Rye, R.O., and Finkelstein, D., 2000, Isotopic studies of authigenic sulfides, silicates and carbonates, and calcite and pyrite veinlets in the Creede Formation, San Juan Mountains, Southwest Colorado: GSA Special Papers, v. 346, p. 267-286, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2346-9.267.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281181,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281172,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2346-9.267"}],"volume":"346","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd634fe4b0b290850feb79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bethke, Philip M.","contributorId":52829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bethke","given":"Philip M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkelstein, David B.","contributorId":64687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelstein","given":"David B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70094982,"text":"70094982 - 2000 - Memorial to Richard Evans Grant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T11:08:30","indexId":"70094982","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3397,"text":"Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Memorial to Richard Evans Grant","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press","usgsCitation":"Dutro, J.T., and Wardlaw, B.R., 2000, Memorial to Richard Evans Grant: Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences, v. 32, p. vii-x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"vii","endPage":"x","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd668ae4b0b29085100d40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dutro, J. Thomas Jr.","contributorId":102878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutro","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70095227,"text":"70095227 - 2000 - Guidebook to the Gaudalupian symposium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T11:48:25","indexId":"70095227","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:31:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3397,"text":"Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Guidebook to the Gaudalupian symposium","docAbstract":"Compared to the Guadalupe Mountains of Texas and New Mexico the depositional environments of the Permian strata of the Glass Mountains (and adjacent Del Norte Mountains) are less well known. In general, the Guadalupian facies in the the Glass and Del Norte mountains changes from predominantly carbonate facies in the northeast to thicker clastic facies in the southwest. Philip B. Kind (1931) originally considered this trend to reflect an uplifted clastic source to the southwest, with carbonate facies developing away from the source area. Ross (1986) interpreted the eastern portion of the Road Canyon and Word formations to consist the shelf, shelf-edge bioherm, and reef facies, and the southwest area to consist of deeper water siliceous shale, clastic limestone, and basinal sandstone facies. Probably the best known controversy in the Glass Mountains involves the depositional environment of the Skinner Ranch Formation (Leonardian according to Ross, 1986; Wolfcampian according to Cooper and Grant, 1972) at its type section on Leonard Mountain. Cooper and Grant (1964) identified in situ patch reefs at the base of the section, which were subsequently interpreted as displaced limestone blocks deposited in a slope environment (Rogers, 1972; Cys and Mazzullo, 1978; Ross, 1986). Later Flores, McMillan, and Watters (1977) interpreted the same units as subtidal and intertidal deposits. The Skinner Ranch Formation illustrates the complexities involved in interpreting the paleogeography of the Glass Mountains. If the Sinner Ranch contains displaced blocks, some eroded from older units, it explains the occurrence of Wolfcampian fossils in the Skinner Ranch (Ross, 1986).The slop facies interpretation also is used to place the shelf edge at that time between Skinner Ranch outcrops at Leonard Mountain and the lagoonal, backreef deposits of the Hess Formation to the east, although most of the actual shelf edge is not preserved (Ross, 1987:30). Similar conflicting interpretations exist in younger rocks in the western facies of the Leonardian Guadalupian to the southwest in the Del Norte Mountains. Ross (1986, 1987) considered the western facies of the Road Canyon and Word formations to be basinal shales and turbidites. Wardlaw et al. (1990) and Rohr et al. (1987) have interpreted this area to be shallow intertidal to lagoonal environments adjacent to an uplifted area to the south. The type section of the Road Canyon Formation is also a subject of disagreement and will be discusses in more detail later.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press","usgsCitation":"Rohr, D., Wardlaw, B.R., Rudine, S., Haneef, M., Hall, A., and Grant, R., 2000, Guidebook to the Gaudalupian symposium: Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences, v. 32, p. 5-36.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Del Norte Mountains;Glass Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.45,30.1 ], [ -103.45,30.5 ], [ -103.0,30.5 ], [ -103.0,30.1 ], [ -103.45,30.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6008e4b0b290850fcaa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rohr, D.M.","contributorId":6276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohr","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rudine, S.F.","contributorId":108392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudine","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haneef, Mohammad","contributorId":103178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haneef","given":"Mohammad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hall, A.J.","contributorId":81627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grant, R.E.","contributorId":86484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170330,"text":"70170330 - 2000 - Growth and diet of fish in Waldo Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-18T10:32:43","indexId":"70170330","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and diet of fish in Waldo Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"

Waldo Lake, located in the Oregon Cascades, is considered to be one of the most dilute lakes in the world. Even with low nutrient concentrations and sparse populations of zooplankton, introduced fish in the lake are large in size and in good condition when compared to fish from other lakes. This apparent anomaly is due to the availability of benthic macroinvertebrates. Taxa found in the stomach contents offish captured in Waldo Lake consist primarily of Chironomidae larvae and pupae, Trichoptera larvae and pupae, amphipods, Ephemeroptera larvae, and Odonata larvae.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelpha, PA","doi":"10.1080/07438140009354231","usgsCitation":"Swanson, N.L., Liss, W., Ziller, J.S., Wade, M., and Gresswell, R., 2000, Growth and diet of fish in Waldo Lake, Oregon: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 16, no. 1-2, p. 133-143, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438140009354231.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07438140009354231","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Waldo Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57160539e4b0ef3b7ca9200d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Nicola L.","contributorId":168652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swanson","given":"Nicola","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liss, W.J.","contributorId":75887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liss","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziller, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":168653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ziller","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wade, M.","contributorId":112754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gresswell, R. E.","contributorId":38084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":29986,"text":"wri004184 - 2000 - Equations for estimating Clark unit-hydrograph parameters for small rural watersheds in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T21:31:13.185605","indexId":"wri004184","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4184","displayTitle":"Equations for Estimating Clark Unit-Hydrograph Parameters for Small Rural Watersheds in Illinois","title":"Equations for estimating Clark unit-hydrograph parameters for small rural watersheds in Illinois","docAbstract":"

Equations for estimating the time of concentration (TC) and storage coefficient (R) of the Clark unit-hydrograph method were developed for small rural watersheds [0.02–2.3 square miles (mi2)] in Illinois. The equations will provide State and local engineers and planners with more accurate methods to estimate the TC and R for use in simulating discharge hydrographs on small rural watersheds when designing stormwater-management facilities and other hydraulic structures, determining flood-plain boundaries, and assessing the safety of structures in rivers.

The rainfall and runoff data from gaged small rural watersheds (0.02–2.3 mi2) with insignificant amounts of impervious land cover in Illinois were used to develop the equations. Equations were developed on the basis of data for 121 storms that occurred in 39 watersheds. Data for 29 storms in 18 watersheds were used to verify the equations.

TC and R were determined by calibrating available rainfall and runoff data, using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Flood Hydrograph Package HEC-1. The mathematical relations between watershed and storm characteristics, and TC and R were determined by multiple-linear regression of the logarithms of the values. Main-channel length and slope were identified as important watershed characteristics for estimating TC and R. The estimation equations had coefficients of determination of 0.73 and 0.64 for the logarithms of TC and R, respectively. When storm characteristics were added in the regression of hydrograph parameters utilizing length and slope, only minimal increases to the coefficient of determination resulted. Thus, storm characteristics were not considered further in development of the equations.

Simulation of the measured discharge hydrographs for the verification storms utilizing TC and R obtained from the estimation equations yielded good results. The error in peak discharge for 21 of the 29 verification storms was less than 25 percent, and the error in time-to-peak discharge for 18 of the 29 verification storms also was less than 25 percent. Therefore, applying the estimation equations to determine TC and R for design-storm simulation may result in reliable design hydrographs, as long as the physical characteristics of the watersheds under consideration are within the range of those characteristics for the watersheds in this study [area: 0.02–2.3 mi2, main-channel length: 0.17–3.4 miles, main-channel slope: 10.5–229 feet per mile, and insignificant percentage of impervious cover].

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004184","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Straub, T., Melching, C.S., and Kocher, K.E., 2000, Equations for estimating Clark unit-hydrograph parameters for small rural watersheds in Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4184, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004184.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300971,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4184/wrir00_4184.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 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Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801

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Up-to-date coverage and a unique, multidisciplinary approach

The ongoing effort to protect our valuable ground-water resources necessarily involves scientists and engineers from many disciplines. Ground-Water Microbiology and Geochemistry, Second Edition is designed to bridge the historical lack of communication among these disciplines by detailing-in language that cuts across specialties-the impact of microorganisms and microbial processes on ground-water systems.

Carefully revised to reflect the many recent discoveries that have been made in the field, the Second Edition begins with an overview of microbiology, ideal for hydrologists and others who may lack formal training in the field. These initial chapters systematically cover the kinds of microorganisms found in subsurface environments, focusing on their growth, metabolism, genetics, and ecology.

The second part of the book offers a hydrologic perspective on how microbial processes affect ground-water geochemistry in pristine systems. It also introduces the different classes of ground-water systems, and gives an overview of techniques for sampling subsurface environments. Readers gain an understanding of biogeochemical cycling in ground-water systems-in coverage unique to this book-and how ground-water chemistry can be used to study microbial processes in aquifer systems.

The final section of the book deals with the biodegradation of human-introduced contaminants in ground-water systems, with an up-to-date review of the physiology, biochemistry, and redox conditions that favor biodegradation processes.

Ground-Water Microbiology and Geochemistry, Second Edition is important reading for geoscientists, hydrologists, and environmental engineers, as well as for water planners and lawyers involved in environmental issues. It also serves as a compelling text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in ground-water chemistry.

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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleozoic and Triassic paleogeography and tectonics of western Nevada and Northern California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2347-7.133","usgsCitation":"Gehrels, G., Dickinson, W.R., Darby, B., Harding, J.P., Manuszak, J.D., Riley, B.C., Spurlin, M.S., Finney, S.C., Girty, G.H., Harwood, D.S., Miller, M., Satterfield, J.I., Smith, M.T., Snyder, W.S., Wallin, E.T., and Wyld, S.J., 2000, Tectonic implications of detrital zircon data from Paleozoic and Triassic strata in western Nevada and Northern California, chap. of Paleozoic and Triassic paleogeography and tectonics of western Nevada and Northern California, v. 347, p. 133-150, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2347-7.133.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"150","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.67709453333421,\n 41.84584187572929\n ],\n [\n -123.67709453333421,\n 38.27639448876653\n ],\n [\n -116.63089514110155,\n 38.27639448876653\n ],\n [\n -116.63089514110155,\n 41.84584187572929\n ],\n [\n -123.67709453333421,\n 41.84584187572929\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"347","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Soreghan, M. 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Timothy","contributorId":305355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallin","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wyld, Sandra J.","contributorId":305356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wyld","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":25241,"text":"25241 - 2000 - USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, FY 2000 research projects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T11:23:30","indexId":"25241","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:22:27","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, FY 2000 research projects","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/25241","issn":"0364-7064","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, FY 2000 research projects, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/25241.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c64de3e4b0001bd51477ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70217736,"text":"70217736 - 2000 - Locating magnetic contacts: A comparison of the horizontal gradient, analytic signal, and local wavenumber methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-29T17:27:25.005222","indexId":"70217736","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:22:17","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Locating magnetic contacts: A comparison of the horizontal gradient, analytic signal, and local wavenumber methods","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG technical program expanded abstracts 2000","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SEG International Exposition and Seventieth Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"Aug 6-11, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Calgary, Alberta, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1816078","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., 2000, Locating magnetic contacts: A comparison of the horizontal gradient, analytic signal, and local wavenumber methods, in SEG technical program expanded abstracts 2000, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Aug 6-11, 2000, p. 402-405, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816078.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"402","endPage":"405","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":127453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70093926,"text":"70093926 - 2000 - Late Pliocene and Pleistocene Searles Lake, California, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-14T11:24:20","indexId":"70093926","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:18:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Late Pliocene and Pleistocene Searles Lake, California, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lake basins through space and time","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","isbn":"0891810528","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.I., 2000, Late Pliocene and Pleistocene Searles Lake, California, U.S.A., chap. of Lake basins through space and time, v. 46, p. 591-595.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"595","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Searles Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.75,35.5 ], [ -117.75,35.75 ], [ -117.25,35.75 ], [ -117.25,35.5 ], [ -117.75,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd642ee4b0b290850ff4c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":92637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70095226,"text":"70095226 - 2000 - Guadalupian studies in West Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T11:25:49","indexId":"70095226","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:18:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3397,"text":"Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Guadalupian studies in West Texas","docAbstract":"Murchison established the Permian System in the Ural Mountains of Russia in 1841. The first North American Permian fossils were discovered by Hall (1856) about 15 years later. The fossils, which were collected in New York State, were initially described as Carboniferous (Hall, 1856) but were subsequently recognized as Permian by Girty (1902). Benjamin F. Shumard (1858), however, was the first to place an unequivocal Permian designation on some North American fossils, which has been collected by his brother George G. Shumard from the Guadalupe Mountains in Texas. A half a century passed before Girty (1908) made known an extensive Guadalupian fauna, although his field work in Texas and his study of this fauna already lead him to propose a Guadalupian \"period\" (Girty, 1902). Girty's suggestion was accepted only when it was formalized as the Guadalupe Series by Adams et al. (1939). The \"Guadalupian fauna\" was based upon fossils that Girty collected in 1901 on an expedition headed by Robert T. Hill, a revered figure in Texas geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press","usgsCitation":"Grant, R., Wardlaw, B.R., and Rohr, D., 2000, Guadalupian studies in West Texas: Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences, v. 32, p. 1-4.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6004e4b0b290850fca71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, R.E.","contributorId":86484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rohr, D.M.","contributorId":6276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohr","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073346,"text":"70073346 - 2000 - Overview: Ancient Lake Creede","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-16T11:27:15","indexId":"70073346","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:17:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview: Ancient Lake Creede","docAbstract":"Lake Creede was moderately saline closed-basin lake that developed in the 26.9 Ma Creede caldera in the San Juan Mountains in the southwest Colorado. The volcaniclastic sediments deposited within the late Oligocene lake were first described and named as the Creede Formation by Emmons and Larsen (1923). The lake and its sedimentary fill are of interest first as representatives of a caldera-hosted lake in a silicic volcanic terrane, and second because of the likely involvement of lake fluids or related pore waters in the deposition of the 25 Ma silver and base-metal ores of the Creede mining district north of the Creede caldera (Fig. 1), as proposed Bethke and Rye (1979). Much of the material presented in this volume is based on observation of core samples and on downhole geophysical measurements obtained as part of a U.S. Continental Scientific Drilling Program in the moat of the Creede caldera. These core and downhole studies are supplemented by outcrop studies, some initiated in support of the drilling program (Bethke and Lipman, 1987), and by conceptual studies of the evolution of the Creede caldera and its surrounding landscape. Not surprisingly, not all authors agree on all interpretation. 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Historically, many river shorelines were stabilized and hardened with concrete and steel to protect developments from flooding and erosion, or to accommodate commercial navigation or industry. Typically shorelines were developed for a single purpose. Today, there is growing interest in developing shorelines for multiple purposes so that additional benefits can be accrued. Soft engineering is the use of ecological principles and practices to reduce erosion and achieve the stabilization and safety of shorelines, while enhancing habitat, improving aesthetics, and saving money. The purpose of this best management practices manual is to provide insights and technical advice to local governments, developers, planners, consultants, and industries on when, where, why, and how to incorporate soft engineering of shorelines into shoreline redevelopment projects and reap subsequent benefits. More specific technical advice and contact information can be found in the soft engineering case studies presented in this manual.

","language":"English","publisher":"Greater Detroit American Heritage River Initiative","publisherLocation":"Detroit, MI","usgsCitation":"2000, Best management practices for soft engineering of shoreline, iv, 78 p.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"85","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352190,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/BestManPracticesManual2000.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7645e4b0abf75cf2bef5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Caulk, Andrew D.","contributorId":61345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caulk","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508348,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannon, John E.","contributorId":74706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"John E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508349,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaw, John R.","contributorId":14739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508347,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartig, John H.","contributorId":99048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartig","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508350,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70095223,"text":"70095223 - 2000 - Lithofacies and the depositional history of the Tessey Formation, Frenchman Hills, West Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T11:15:47","indexId":"70095223","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:11:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3397,"text":"Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithofacies and the depositional history of the Tessey Formation, Frenchman Hills, West Texas","docAbstract":"The Tessey Formation in the Frenchman Hills, northwest Glass Mountains, represent deposition in a basinal setting. The formation consists of at least two shallowing-upward sequences of carbonate and evaporite deposition marked by two episodes of subaerial exposure, meteoric water dissolution, and collapse brecciation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press","usgsCitation":"Haneef, M., and Wardlaw, B.R., 2000, Lithofacies and the depositional history of the Tessey Formation, Frenchman Hills, West Texas: Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences, v. 32, p. 373-380.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"380","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Frenchman Hills;Glass Mountains;Tessey Formation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.5,30.25 ], [ -103.5,30.5 ], [ -103.25,30.5 ], [ -103.25,30.25 ], [ -103.5,30.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd64c2e4b0b290850ffa74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haneef, Mohammad","contributorId":103178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haneef","given":"Mohammad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70073342,"text":"70073342 - 2000 - Ancient Lake Creede: Its volcano-tectonic setting, history of sedimentation, and relation to mineralization in the Creede mining district","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T16:11:51.184837","indexId":"70073342","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:11:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Ancient Lake Creede: Its volcano-tectonic setting, history of sedimentation, and relation to mineralization in the Creede mining district","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

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No abstract available.

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The compositionally bimodal Pleistocene Coso volcanic field is located at the western margin of the Basin and Range province ∼60 km north of the Garlock fault. Thirty-nine nearly aphyric high-silica rhyolite domes were emplaced in the past million years: one at 1 Ma from a transient magma reservoir, one at ∼0·6 Ma, and the rest since ∼0·3 Ma. Over the past 0·6 My, the depth from which the rhyolites erupted has decreased and their temperatures have become slightly higher. Pre-eruptive conditions of the rhyolite magmas, calculated from phenocryst compositions using the two-oxide thermometer and the Al-in-hornblende barometer, ranged from 740°C and 270 MPa (2·7 kbar; ∼10 km depth) for the ∼0·6 Ma magma, to 770°C and 140 MPa (1·4 kbar; ∼5·5 km) for the youngest (∼0·04 Ma) magma. Results are consistent with either a single rhyolitic reservoir moving upward through the crust, or a series of successively shallower reservoirs. As the reservoir has become closer to the surface, eruptions have become both more frequent and more voluminous.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/41.1.149","usgsCitation":"Manley, C., and Bacon, C.R., 2000, Rhyolite themobarometry and the shallowing of the magma reservoir, Coso volcanic field, California: Journal of Petrology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 149-174, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/41.1.149.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"174","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Magma Reservoir, Coso Volcanic Field","volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10fbf4e4b034bf6a8091b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manley, C.R.","contributorId":68072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243615,"text":"70243615 - 2000 - Overview of preferential flow in unsaturated fractures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-15T16:07:42.572496","indexId":"70243615","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:00:23","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Overview of preferential flow in unsaturated fractures","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dynamics of fluids in fractured rock","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM122p0147","usgsCitation":"Su, G.W., Geller, J.T., Pruess, K., and Hunt, J., 2000, Overview of preferential flow in unsaturated fractures, chap. of Dynamics of fluids in fractured rock, v. 122, p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM122p0147.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":417036,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/GM122p0147","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"122","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Faybishenko, Boris","contributorId":305350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faybishenko","given":"Boris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872623,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witherspoon, P. A.","contributorId":8219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Witherspoon","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872624,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benson, Sally M.","contributorId":177233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benson","given":"Sally","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872625,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Su, Grace W.","contributorId":145734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Su","given":"Grace","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":872619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geller, Jil T.","contributorId":124590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geller","given":"Jil","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pruess, Karsten","contributorId":145732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pruess","given":"Karsten","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, James","contributorId":213884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159769,"text":"70159769 - 2000 - Fish stocking in protected areas: Summary of a workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-20T10:08:04","indexId":"70159769","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":62,"text":"Proceedings","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Fish stocking in protected areas: Summary of a workshop","docAbstract":"

Native and nonnative sport fish have been introduced into the majority of historically fishless lakes in wilderness, generating conflicts between managing wilderness as natural ecosystems and providing opportunities for recreation. Managers faced with controversial and difficult decisions about how to manage wilderness lakes may not always have ready access to research relevant to these decisions. To address this problem, and to expose scientists to the concerns and constraints of managers and wilderness users, a workshop was held in October 1998 at the Flathead Lake Biological Station in Polson, Montana. Participants included 43 scientists, state and federal managers, wilderness users and advocates and students. Four subject areas were addressed: federal, state, tribal and user perspectives, community and ecosystem effects, species effects and management recommendations. Papers from the workshop are being developed for an issue of the journal Ecosystems.

","publisher":"Rocky Mountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., and Knapp, R.A., 2000, Fish stocking in protected areas: Summary of a workshop: Proceedings, v. 5, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p015_5/rmrs_p015_5_301_303.pdf?"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5650524ce4b0f162148c5d09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knapp, Roland A.","contributorId":69901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"Roland","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70095221,"text":"70095221 - 2000 - A deep water turbidity origin for the Altuda Formation (Capitanian, Permian), Northwest Glass Mountains, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T11:07:50","indexId":"70095221","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T10:54:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3397,"text":"Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A deep water turbidity origin for the Altuda Formation (Capitanian, Permian), Northwest Glass Mountains, Texas","docAbstract":"The Altuda Formation (Capitanian) in the northwestern Glass Mountains is comprised of thin, even bedded limestones, dolostones, mixed clastic-carbonates, and silt/sandstones interbedded with basin-ward dipping wedge-shaped clinoforms of the Captian Limestone. The formation is characterized by graded bedding, planar laminations, flame structures, contorted/convolute bedding, horizontal branching burrows, and shelf-derived normal marine fauna. A detailed study of the Altuda Formation north of Old Blue Mountain, Glass Mountains, reveals that the formation in this area was deposited by turbidity currents in slope to basinal settings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press","usgsCitation":"Haneef, M., Rohr, D., and Wardlaw, B.R., 2000, A deep water turbidity origin for the Altuda Formation (Capitanian, Permian), Northwest Glass Mountains, Texas: Smithsonian Contributions to Earth Sciences, v. 32, p. 319-332.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"332","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Altuda Formation;Glass Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.5,30.25 ], [ -103.5,30.5 ], [ -103.25,30.5 ], [ -103.25,30.25 ], [ -103.5,30.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd49b9e4b0b290850ef5b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haneef, Mohammad","contributorId":103178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haneef","given":"Mohammad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rohr, D.M.","contributorId":6276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohr","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70093571,"text":"70093571 - 2000 - Recognition of primary and diagenetic magnetizations to determine the magnetic polarity record and timing of deposition of the moat-fill rocks of the Oligocene Creede Caldera, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-07T11:16:19","indexId":"70093571","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T10:53:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recognition of primary and diagenetic magnetizations to determine the magnetic polarity record and timing of deposition of the moat-fill rocks of the Oligocene Creede Caldera, Colorado","docAbstract":"Sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks of the Oligocene Creede Formation fill the moat of the Creede caldera, which formed at about 26.9 Ma during the eruption of the Snowshoe Mountain Tuff. Paleomagnetic and rock magnetic studies of two cores (418 and 703 m long) that penetrated the lower half of the Creede Formation, in addition to paleomagnetic and isotopic dating studies of stratigraphically bracketing volcanic units, provide information on the age and the time span of sedimentation of the caldera fill. Normal polarity magnetization are found in Snowshoe Mountain Tuff beneath the moat sediments; in detrital-magnetite-bearing graded tuffs near the bottom of the moat fill; in an ash-fall deposit about 200 m stratigraphically about the top of core 2; and in postcaldera lava flows of the Fisher Dacite that overlie the Creede Formation. Normal polarity also characterizes detrital-magnetite-bearing tuff and sandstone unites within the caldera moat rocks that did not undergo severe sulfidic alteration. The combination of initially low magnitude of remanent magnetization and the destructive effects of subsequent diagenetic sulfidization on detrital iron oxides results in a poor paleomagnetic record for the fine-grained sedimentary rocks of the Creede Formation. these fine-grained rocks have either normal or revered polarity magnetizations that are carried by magnetite and/or maghemite. Many more apparent reversals are found that can be accommodated by any geomagnetic polarity time scale over the interval spanned by the ages of the bracketing extrusive rocks. Moreover, opposite polarity magnetization are found in specimens separated by only a few centimeters, without intervening hiatuses, and by specimens in several tuff beds, each of which represents a single depositional event. These polarity changes cannot, therefore, be attributed to detrital remanent magnetization. Many polarity changes are apparently related to chemical remanent magnetizations carried by postdepositional magnetite and maghemite that formed in rocks in which most or all detrital megnetic iron oxide was destroyed. Incipient oxidation of early diagenetic pyrite may have normal polarity Snowshoe Mountain Tuff (26.89 ± 0.0 Ma, 1 δ) and on the normal polarity postcaldera Fisher lava flows (as young as 26.23 ± 0.05 Ma, 1 δ) indicate that deposition of the Creede Formation spanned about 340-660 k.y. The intermittently defined normal polarity magnetization for the caldera-fill sequence, compared with different versions of the geomagnetic polarity time scale, is consistent with the shorter time span.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Special Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2346-9.77","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Rosenbaum, J.G., Sweetkind, D., Lanphere, M.A., Robert, A.P., and Verosub, K.L., 2000, Recognition of primary and diagenetic magnetizations to determine the magnetic polarity record and timing of deposition of the moat-fill rocks of the Oligocene Creede Caldera, Colorado: GSA Special Papers, v. 346, p. 77-93, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2346-9.77.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282109,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2346-9.77"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Oligocene Creede Caldera","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.25,37.5 ], [ -107.25,38.0 ], [ -105.75,38.0 ], [ -105.75,37.5 ], [ -107.25,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"346","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6f59e4b0b290851065e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbaum, Joseph G. jrosenbaum@usgs.gov","contributorId":1524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"Joseph","email":"jrosenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":490039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S.","contributorId":18732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":490040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robert, Andrew P.","contributorId":58560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robert","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verosub, Kenneth L.","contributorId":78744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verosub","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70068739,"text":"70068739 - 2000 - Structure and metamorphism of the Franciscan Complex, Mt. Hamilton area, Northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T10:54:02","indexId":"70068739","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T10:43:13","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Structure and metamorphism of the Franciscan Complex, Mt. Hamilton area, Northern California","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonic studies of Asia and the Pacific rim: a tribute to Benjamin M. Page (1911-1997)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bellwether for the Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Columbia, MD","usgsCitation":"Blake, M., and Wentworth, C., 2000, Structure and metamorphism of the Franciscan Complex, Mt. Hamilton area, Northern California, chap. of Tectonic studies of Asia and the Pacific rim: a tribute to Benjamin M. Page (1911-1997), v. 3, p. 295-302.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Diablo Range;Mt. Hamilton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.720018,37.319527 ], [ -121.720018,37.369884 ], [ -121.579943,37.369884 ], [ -121.579943,37.319527 ], [ -121.720018,37.319527 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd74bde4b0b29085109c58","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ernst, W. G.","contributorId":18456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernst","given":"W. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509681,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, R. G.","contributorId":75170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509682,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Blake, M.C. Jr.","contributorId":27094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wentworth, C. M. 0000-0003-2569-569X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":106466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70073336,"text":"70073336 - 2000 - Hydrologic budget of the late Oligocene Lake Creede and the evolution of the upper Rio Grande drainage system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-02T06:27:33","indexId":"70073336","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T10:41:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic budget of the late Oligocene Lake Creede and the evolution of the upper Rio Grande drainage system","docAbstract":"The filling history, hydrologic budget, and geomorphic development of ancient Lake Creede and its tributary basin are evaluated to determine the factors that controlled its character. The lake filled the Creede caldera that formed in the late Oligocene as a consequence of the eruption of the Snowshoe Mountain Tuff. The caldera's sedimentary fill accumlated to a depth of about 1.26 km and had a volume of about 89 km3. The highest lake level was ~3300 m (10,800 ft) present altitude before it drained eastward across a broad volcanic plateau as the ancestral Rio Grande. A tributary canyon several hundred meters deep was cut into hard rhyolite in the north wall of the caldera before the lake was more than half full; its presence demonstrates that ancient Lake Creede filled slowly and thus occupied a long-lived, closed basin. The slow filling rate is incompatible with the present water flux through the Creede caldera basin, because such a flow would fill the basin geologically instantaneously. This mismatch, together with the recognition that the Oligocene climate was similar to that of today, forces the reexamination of the hydrologic and geomorphic history of the caldera. That appraisal shows that the caldera cannot have resurged rapidly immediately after caldera collapse, and that ancient watershed must have been lass than half as large as the present upper Rio Grande basin. The ancient lake had a more or less constant surface area of about 200 km2 that approximated a steady-state condition between inflow and evaporation. Although the lake level fluctuated with climatic variations, its surface elevation steadily climbed as sediment accumulated, accelerating as resurgance and dome growth usurped spacewithin the basin. It could have had one playa stage early in its development and another after the basin had nearly filled with sediment, but there is no direct evidence for either. At least the lower half of the sedimentary column (the part sampled by the scientific drilling) formed in an euxinic environment. This argues against a persistent early playa, although evaporative accumulation of brine was inevitable. When the rate of resurgance was rapid relative to sedimentary infilling, the lake would have been deep (i.e., bordered by bedrock rather than sedimentary fans). The geomorphic evolution of the Creede caldera and its watershed tracks a two-phase topographic history, the first the Oligocene through Miocene, and the second for Pliocene to the recent. In Oligocene time, the San Juan volcanic field was a hydrologically immature, gently undulating, and outward sloping, constructional volcanic plateau straddling the ancient Continental Divide. West of the Creede caldera, a dendritic drainage discharged northeastward into ancestral Cebolla Creek (a tributary of the ancestral Gunnison River) through an early stage of the Clear Creek graben in the vicinity of Spring Creek Pass. Miocene basalt choked, but did not reconstruct, the drainage. By the end of Miocene time a mature topography of moderate relief developed, exposing some of the higher ores in the Creede district to weathering. In the late Miocene-early Pliocene time the San Juan Mountains were uplifted and titled eastward; the ancestral Rio Grande was revitalized and cut deeply into the older terrain, excavating much of the accessible sediment from the moat of the Creede caldera and exposing successively lowe levels in the Creede district to oxidation. Simultaneously, the southeast end of the Clear Creek graben was reactivated and breached the southwest wall of the Creede caldera. The rejuvenated Rio Grande captured the formerly northeast-directed headwaters of ancestral Cebolla Creek, shifting more than 1000 km2 from the Pacific-directed drainage to the Atlantic. The water budget for ancient Lake Creede was strictly limited by the early stages of the fist geomorphic cycle; the modern water budget is the product of the second cycle.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2346-9.105","issn":" 00721077","usgsCitation":"Barton, P., Steven, T., and Hayba, D.O., 2000, Hydrologic budget of the late Oligocene Lake Creede and the evolution of the upper Rio Grande drainage system: GSA Special Papers, v. 346, p. 105-126, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2346-9.105.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281158,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2346-9.105"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Lake Creede","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,37.5 ], [ -107.5,38.0 ], [ -106.5,38.0 ], [ -106.5,37.5 ], [ -107.5,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"346","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6167e4b0b290850fd81d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Paul B.","contributorId":97128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steven, Thomas A.","contributorId":57529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steven","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayba, Daniel O. 0000-0003-4092-1894 dhayba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-1894","contributorId":396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayba","given":"Daniel","email":"dhayba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":488599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}