{"pageNumber":"3233","pageRowStart":"80800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70198770,"text":"70198770 - 2000 - Selenium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-17T08:53:18","indexId":"70198770","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T08:51:25","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Selenium","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of microbiology","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., 2000, Selenium, chap. of Encyclopedia of microbiology, p. 238-247.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"238","endPage":"247","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98d7d6e4b0702d0e847c8b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ledenberg, J.","contributorId":207152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ledenberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742916,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200559,"text":"70200559 - 2000 - Volcanism and ice interactions on Earth and Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T08:48:35","indexId":"70200559","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T08:48:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Volcanism and ice interactions on Earth and Mars","docAbstract":"

Volcano/ice interactions produce meltwater. Meltwater can enter the groundwater cycle and under the influence of hydrothermal systems, it can be later discharged to form channels and valleys or cycled upward to melt permafrost. Water or ice-saturated ground can erupt into phreatic craters when covered by lava. Violent mixing of meltwater and volcanic material and rapid release can generate lahars or jokulhlaups, that have the ability to freight coarse material, great distances downslope from the vent. Eruption into meltwater generate unique appearing edifices, that are definitive indicators of volcano/ice interaction. These features are hyaloclastic ridges or mounds and if capped by lava, tuyas. On Earth, volcano/ice interactions are limited to alpine regions and ice-capped polar and temperate regions. On Mars, where precipitation may be an ancient phenomenon, these interactions may be limited to areas of ground ice accumulation or the northern lowlands where water may have ponded fairly late in martian history. The recognition of features caused by volcano/ice interactions could provide strong constraints for the history of volatiles on Mars.

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Our objectives are to examine (1) how the balance of physical and chemical factors on the \"natural\" geologic template affects biological patterns, (2) how natural hydrothermal systems can be used as a model for understanding surface-subsurface interactions and biological patterns in streams, and (3) how anthropogenic influences decouple the stream from the landscape by altering the nature of surface-subsurface water interactions and affecting biological patterns. 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Nitrate contamination, often associated with agricultural activities, is a major problem in some shallow aquifers and is increasingly becoming a threat to groundwater supplies (Gillham and Cherry, 1978; Ronen et al., 1983; Spalding and Exner, 1991). The intake of high levels of nitrate can cause methemoglobinemia in infants, and there is substantial evidence collected from animal experiments that N-nitroso compounds are carcinogens. Similar conclusive evidence is not yet available for humans but many observations suggest that these compounds can function as initiators of human carcinogenesis. These findings are the basis for the maximum permissible limit of 10 ppm nitrate-N (50 ppm as NO3) in drinking water set by the World Health Organization and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The impact of high loading of nutrients such as nitrate and phosphorous from agricultural practices via groundwater into surface water is also a major environmental concern, causing eutrophication of streams, rivers and lakes (Hill, 1978; Böhlke and Denver, 1995).

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4615-4557-6_9","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., and Aravena, R., 2000, Nitrate isotopes in groundwater systems, chap. of Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology, p. 261-297, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4557-6_9.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10fbf5e4b034bf6a8091c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aravena, Ramon ","contributorId":189546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aravena","given":"Ramon ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199182,"text":"70199182 - 2000 - Enhanced levels of zinc in drinking water adversely affect spatial learning in rats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T07:38:45","indexId":"70199182","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T07:34:58","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Enhanced levels of zinc in drinking water adversely affect spatial learning in rats","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Metal ions in biology and medicine ","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Flinn, J., Morgan, J., Magaha, J., Krause, L., Navarrete, K., and Jones, B., 2000, Enhanced levels of zinc in drinking water adversely affect spatial learning in rats, chap. of Metal ions in biology and medicine , p. 450-452.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"452","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98d7d6e4b0702d0e847c8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flinn, J.M.","contributorId":45892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinn","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, J.","contributorId":6216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magaha, J.","contributorId":207752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magaha","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krause, L.","contributorId":207753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krause","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Navarrete, K.","contributorId":207754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Navarrete","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":2002228,"text":"2002228 - 2000 - Population regulation of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentritus purpuratus, at the California Channel Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:01","indexId":"2002228","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T02:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"seriesNumber":"99-0038","title":"Population regulation of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentritus purpuratus, at the California Channel Islands","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Fifth California Islands Symposium","conferenceTitle":"Fifth California Islands Symposium","conferenceLocation":"Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History","language":"English","publisher":"Minerals Management Service","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., and Kushner, D., 2000, Population regulation of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentritus purpuratus, at the California Channel Islands, p. 379-381.","productDescription":"p. 379-381","startPage":"379","endPage":"381","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92096,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/medn/symposia/5th%20California%20Islands%20Symposium%20%281999%29/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a5ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, K. 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haracterization of bottomland hardwood vegetation in relatively undisturbed forests can provide critical information for developing effective wetland creation and restoration techniques and for assessing the impacts of management and development. Classification is a useful technique in characterizing vegetation because it summarizes complex data sets, assists in hypothesis generation about factors influencing community variation, and helps refine models of community structure. Hierarchical classification of communities is particularly useful for showing relationships among samples (Gauche 1982).

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Coosawhatchie Bottomland Ecosystem Study: a report on the development of a reference wetland","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station","publisherLocation":"Asheville, NC","usgsCitation":"Burke, M., King, S., Eisenbies, M., and Gartner, D., 2000, Vegetation and soils, chap. of The Coosawhatchie Bottomland Ecosystem Study: a report on the development of a reference wetland, p. 23-28.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15375,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.srs.fs.fed.us/pubs/2208","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6961.000000000000000"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60268a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burke, M.K.","contributorId":87248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, S.L.","contributorId":105663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eisenbies, M.H.","contributorId":82420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisenbies","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gartner, D.","contributorId":87249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2000754,"text":"2000754 - 2000 - Bird community composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-04T17:47:15","indexId":"2000754","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"GTR-SRS 38","title":"Bird community composition","docAbstract":"Neotropical migrants are birds that breed in North America and winter primarily in Central and South America. Long-term population studies of birds in the Eastern United States indicated declines of some forest-dwelling birds, many of which winter in the Neotropics (Peterjohn and others 1995). These declines were attributed to loss of wintering and breeding habitat due to deforestation and fragmentation, respectively. Many species of Nearctic migrants--birds that breed in the northern regions of North America and winter in the Southern United States--are also experiencing population declines. Because large areas of undistrubed, older, bottomland hardwood forests oftern contain large numbers of habitat specialists, including forest-interior neotropical migrants and wintering Nearctic migrants, these forests may be critical in maintaining avian diversity.\r\nThis study had two primary objectivs: (1) to create a baseline data set that can be used as a standard against which other bottomland hardwood forests can be compared, and (2) to establish long-term monitoring stations during both breeding and wintering seasons to discern population trends of avian species using bottomland hardwood forests.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Coosawhatchie Bottomland Ecosystem Study: a report on the development of a reference wetland","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station","publisherLocation":"Asheville, NC","collaboration":"SD11 .S7 no.38","usgsCitation":"Antrobus, T.J., Guilfoyle, M., Barrow, W., Hamel, P., and Wakeley, J., 2000, Bird community composition, chap. of The Coosawhatchie Bottomland Ecosystem Study: a report on the development of a reference wetland, p. 32-33.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15374,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/2208","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6873.000000000000000"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db616271","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antrobus, T. J.","contributorId":63117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antrobus","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guilfoyle, M.P.","contributorId":59145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guilfoyle","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrow, W.C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":11183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"W.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamel, P.B.","contributorId":88444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamel","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wakeley, J.S.","contributorId":103996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wakeley","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":2000753,"text":"2000753 - 2000 - Vegetation dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-04T17:45:45","indexId":"2000753","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"GTR-SRS 38","title":"Vegetation dynamics","docAbstract":"

A disturbance can be defined as 'any relatively discrete event in time that disrupts ecosystem, community, or population structure and changes resources, substrate availability, or the physical environment' (Pickett and White 1985). Vegetation dynamics are a function of the temporal and spatial patterns of the disturbance regime. Natural disturbance regimes support the highest biological diversity; therefore, forest management practices that most closely mimic natural disturbances are expected to sustain the highest biological diversity within a given area (Denslow 1980). In southern forested wetlands, flooding is the dominant disturbance factor, thus plant species are usually distributed along a gowing-season flood gradient (Franz and Bassas 1977).

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Coosawhatchie Bottomland Ecosystem Study: a report on the development of a reference wetland","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station","publisherLocation":"Asheville, NC","usgsCitation":"King, S., Burke, M., Antrobus, T.J., and Billups, S., 2000, Vegetation dynamics, chap. of The Coosawhatchie Bottomland Ecosystem Study: a report on the development of a reference wetland, p. 29-31.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15376,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.srs.fs.fed.us/pubs/2208","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6962.000000000000000"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, S.L.","contributorId":105663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, M.K.","contributorId":87248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antrobus, T. J.","contributorId":63117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antrobus","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Billups, S.","contributorId":37849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billups","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2002312,"text":"2002312 - 2000 - Floristic surveys of Saguaro National Park Protected Natural Areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"2002312","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":383,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"68","title":"Floristic surveys of Saguaro National Park Protected Natural Areas","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey. Sonoran Desert Field Station","publisherLocation":"Tucson, Arizona","doi":"10.3133/2002312","usgsCitation":"Halvorson, W.L., and Gebow, B., 2000, Floristic surveys of Saguaro National Park Protected Natural Areas: Technical Report 68, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/2002312.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112260,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aznps.com/Floras/snp.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df5e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gebow, B.S.","contributorId":48123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebow","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2002055,"text":"2002055 - 2000 - Cassin's Sparrow (Aimophila cassinii) status assessment and conservation plan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T10:18:13","indexId":"2002055","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10,"text":"Biological Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"BTP-R6002-2000","displayTitle":"Cassin's Sparrow (Aimophila cassinii) status assessment and conservation plan","title":"Cassin's Sparrow (Aimophila cassinii) status assessment and conservation plan","docAbstract":"

Executive Summary

\n

Cassin’s Sparrow (Aimophila cassinii) is a grassland species endemic to the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico. Its behavior and ecology have been shaped by these arid ecosystems and the health of its populations is dependent on the availability of grasslands that contain a shrub component. Populations of many grassland birds have experienced dramatic declines due to the loss and deterioration of grassland habitats, and there has been concern about the trends in Cassin’s Sparrow populations. Without better information about population trends, ecology, and effects of management activities, and without a stronger emphasis on grassland management, Cassin’s Sparrows and other grassland species may continue to experience declines.

\n

Little information exists about historic Cassin’s Sparrow population levels, and current population estimates for states in the breeding range are unknown. Significant survey-wide declines are documented by the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) between 1966 and 1996. However, closer examination of these data suggest that the survey-wide trends are driven by population declines in the Edwards Plateau and South Texas Brushlands in Texas. No other areas within the core of its range or on the periphery show consistent, significant trends. In fact, there is consensus that in the core of its range in New Mexico Cassin’s Sparrow remains the most abundant breeding bird in grasslands with a shrub component. Understanding of population patterns in this species is complicated by large yearly fluctuations in distribution and numbers at any particular location, apparently in response to precipitation. This is particularly obvious in the periphery of its range. These dramatic fluctuations have hampered a clear assessment of population status, and our understanding has been confounded by the fact that the timing of BBS data collection does not always coincide with the peak breeding season of this species. The lack of information about the Cassin’s Sparrow’s status, ecology, and response to management activities, and the apparent declines indicated by BBS data, have been cause for concern.

\n

Habitat disturbance and degradation, mainly due to grazing and rangeland management practices such as shrub control, fire management, and planting of exotics, pose threats to Cassin’s Sparrow populations, as does habitat conversion through suburban development and agriculture. There is evidence that heavy grazing negatively affects populations, but the information is primarily available from the southwestern portion of its range (Arizona) and may not be applicable throughout the Cassin’s Sparrow’s entire range. Any management practice that results in complete removal of the shrub component, or loss of grass cover and an increase in shrub density beyond a threshold preferred by the species, also poses a threat. Lack of standardized or coordinated studies of Cassin’s Sparrow ecology and response to management practices in different geographic portions of its range has made it difficult to assess its status and make specific management recommendations. Limited data are available from the wintering grounds, and from its range (both breeding and wintering) in Mexico.

\n

The greatest needs are for determining of the causes of significant declines where they occur, determining of the effects of various management activities on Cassin’s Sparrow throughout its range, improved assessments of population and trends, and a better understanding of the annual population and distribution dynamics of this species, which shows such dramatic annual distributional fluctuations.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Ruth, J.M., 2000, Cassin's Sparrow (Aimophila cassinii) status assessment and conservation plan: Biological Technical Publication BTP-R6002-2000, vii, 104 p.","productDescription":"vii, 104 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Mexico","state":"Wyoming, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma,Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Guanajuato","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 42.81152174509788\n ],\n [\n -100.283203125,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -98.701171875,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -97.734375,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -96.85546875,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -96.85546875,\n 34.23451236236984\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 33.137551192346145\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 26.902476886279807\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 24.607069137709708\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 23.079731762449878\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 21.779905342529645\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 20.550508894195637\n ],\n [\n -96.240234375,\n 18.729501999072138\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 17.308687886770034\n ],\n [\n -99.31640625,\n 16.804541076383455\n ],\n [\n -104.765625,\n 18.729501999072138\n ],\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 22.917922936146045\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 27.527758206861886\n ],\n [\n -113.466796875,\n 30.977609093348686\n ],\n [\n -113.466796875,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -111.796875,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -106.875,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 42.81152174509788\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef874","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruth, Janet M. 0000-0003-1576-5957 janet_ruth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-5957","contributorId":1408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"Janet","email":"janet_ruth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1016091,"text":"1016091 - 2000 - Holocene climate in the western Great Lakes national parks and lakeshores: Implications for future climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T16:18:21.222356","indexId":"1016091","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene climate in the western Great Lakes national parks and lakeshores: Implications for future climate change","docAbstract":"We reconstruct Holocene climate history (last 10,000 years) for each of the U.S. National Park Service units in the western Great Lakes region in order to evaluate their sensitivity to global warming. Annual precipitation, annual temperature, and July and January temperatures were reconstructed by comparing fossil pollen in lake sediment with pollen in surface samples, assuming that ancient climates were similar to modern climate near analogous surface samples. In the early Holocene, most of the parks experienced colder winters, warmer summers, and lower precipitation than today. An exception is Voyageurs National Park in northern Minnesota where, by 8000 years ago, January temperatures were higher than today. The combination of high mean annual temperature and lower precipitation at Voyageurs resulted in a dry period between 8000 and 5000 years ago, similar to the Prairie Period in regions to the south and west. A mid-Holocene warm-dry period also occurred at other northern and central parks but was much less strongly developed. In southern parks there was no clear evidence of a mid-Holocene warm-dry period. These differences suggest that global model predictions of a warm, dry climate in the northern Great Plains under doubled atmospheric CO2 may be more applicable to Voyageurs than to the other parks. The contrast in reconstructed temperatures at Voyageurs and Isle Royale indicates that the ameliorating effect of the Great Lakes on temperatures has been in effect throughout the Holocene and presumably will continue in the future, thus reducing the potential for species loss caused by future temperature extremes. Increased numbers of mesic trees at all of the parks in the late Holocene reflect increasing annual precipitation. This trend toward more mesic conditions began 6000 years ago in the south and 4000 years ago in the north and increased sharply in recent millennia at parks located today in lake-effect snow belts. This suggests that lake-effect snowfall is sensitive to continental-scale changes in climate and could be affected by future climate change. Plant and animal species sensitive to changes in the moisture regime could thus be endangered within the Great Lakes parks.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99219.x","usgsCitation":"Davis, M., Douglas, C., Cole, K., Winkler, M., and Flaknes, R., 2000, Holocene climate in the western Great Lakes national parks and lakeshores: Implications for future climate change: Conservation Biology, v. 14, no. 4, p. 968-983, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99219.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"968","endPage":"983","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Manitoba, 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K.L.","contributorId":87507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winkler, Marge","contributorId":15170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Marge","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flaknes, Robyn","contributorId":35286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flaknes","given":"Robyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":2002051,"text":"2002051 - 2000 - A comprehensive review of Farm Bill contributions to wildlife conservation, 1985-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-28T11:17:58","indexId":"2002051","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"USDA/NRCS/WHMI-2000","title":"A comprehensive review of Farm Bill contributions to wildlife conservation, 1985-2000","docAbstract":"A comprehensive review of the scientific literature was undertaken to determine wildlife responses to programs established under the conservation title of the 1985 Food Security Act as amended in 1990 and 1996 (Farm Bill). Literature was annotated and summaries of wildlife responses were provided for the Conservation Reserve Program CRP, Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP) and Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP). The report recognized that Farm Bill conservation programs were created to serve many purposes. Foremost among these purposes was to enable Americaa??s farmers and ranchers to be better stewards of their lands. In general, wildlife responded positively to improvements in land stewardship, particularly when the needs of wildlife were considered in conservation planning and implementation. Whereas authors acknowledged that their understanding of wildlife responses to Farm Bill conservation programs was still incomplete, they concluded that these programs were making significant contributions toward conservation of the nationa??s fish and wildlife resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Wildlife Habitat Management Institute","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Heard, P., Allen, A., Best, L.B., Brady, S., Burger, W., Esser, A., Hackett, E., Johnson, D.H., Pederson, R., Reynolds, R., Rewa, C., Ryan, M., Molleur, R., and Buck, P., 2000, A comprehensive review of Farm Bill contributions to wildlife conservation, 1985-2000: Technical Report USDA/NRCS/WHMI-2000, 208 p.","productDescription":"208 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0a96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heard, P.L.","contributorId":90417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, A.W.","contributorId":78282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Best, Louis B.","contributorId":52525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brady, S.J.","contributorId":59903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burger, W.","contributorId":95981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esser, A.J.","contributorId":34230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esser","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hackett, E.","contributorId":47053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackett","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pederson, R.L.","contributorId":55546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Reynolds, R. E.","contributorId":25098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R. 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One of the principal uses of environmental tracers is for determining the ages of soil waters and groundwaters. (We may refer to this as ‘hydrochronology’by analogy with the dating of solid materials known as geochronology.) Information on soil water and groundwater age enables timescales for a range of subsurface processes to be determined. For example, ‘groundwater stratigraphy’is used increasingly to decipher past recharge rates and conditions in unconfined aquifers, in much the same way that sedimentary stratigraphy yields information about past depositional environments. The use of environmental tracers to determine water ages allows groundwater recharge rates and flow velocities to be determined independently, and commonly more accurately, than with traditional hydraulic methods where hydraulic properties of aquifers are poorly known or spatially variable. Studies of groundwater residence times in association with groundwater contamination studies can enable historic release rates of contaminants and contaminant transport rates to be determined. Where input rates are known, measurements of groundwater contaminant concentrations, together with groundwater dating, can sometimes be used for estimating chemical reaction rates. The combination of these dating methods with stable isotope measurements has sometimes allowed changes in contaminant sources over time to be determined.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Boston","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4615-4557-6_1","isbn":"978-1-4613-7057-4","usgsCitation":"Cook, P.G., and Bohlke, J., 2000, Determining timescales for groundwater flow and solute transport, chap. of Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology, p. 1-30, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4557-6_1.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf32e4b0f6c2d0d9c7c6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cook, Peter G.","contributorId":192638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697213,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herczeg, Andrew L.","contributorId":83007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herczeg","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697214,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Cook, Peter G.","contributorId":192638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187942,"text":"70187942 - 2000 - Monitoring seabird populations in areas of oil and gas development on the Alaskan Continental Shelf: A computerized pelagic seabird atlas for Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T16:30:26","indexId":"70187942","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Monitoring seabird populations in areas of oil and gas development on the Alaskan Continental Shelf: A computerized pelagic seabird atlas for Alaska","docAbstract":"

Seabirds are the most visible and vulnerable victims of oil pollution in marine waters. As demonstrated by the \"Exxon Valdez\" spill (Piatt et al. 1990), we cannot predict when or where an accident leading to pollution might occur in Alaska, or where oil will eventually end up traveling from a point source of pollution. It is therefore prudent to document the abundance and distribution of seabirds throughout Alaska in order to: i) assist in the planning and development of future oil fields, ii) identify areas with significant and predictable aggregations of seabirds so that these areas might be avoided, if possible, in the extraction and shipment of oil, and, iii) mitigate and assess the impact of oil pollution if and when it occurs.

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Problems remain, such as the inability to dredge certain harbors and remove sediments because of lack of disposal facilities for contaminated sediments. Because of the wide extent of of contaminated sediments in the Great Lakes, much work remains to be done to document the condition of contaminated areas and the degree to which remediation of these areas is occurring from biotic and abiotic natural processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural remediation of environmental contaminants: Its role in ecological risk assessment and risk management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC Press","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","usgsCitation":"Passino-Reader, D.R., Kamrin, M.A., and Hickey, J.P., 2000, Natural remediation in the Great Lakes, chap. of Natural remediation of environmental contaminants: Its role in ecological risk assessment and risk management, p. 365-408.","productDescription":"p. 365-408","startPage":"365","endPage":"408","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6980f9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Swindoll, C. 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d48f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirschberg, Douglas M. dmhirsch@usgs.gov","contributorId":4000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirschberg","given":"Douglas","email":"dmhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitts, G. Stephen","contributorId":23187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitts","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022504,"text":"70022504 - 2000 - Calcite crystal growth inhibition by humic substances with emphasis on hydrophobic acids from the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:26:41","indexId":"70022504","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcite crystal growth inhibition by humic substances with emphasis on hydrophobic acids from the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"

The crystallization of calcium carbonate minerals plays an integral role in the water chemistry of terrestrial ecosystems. Humic substances, which are ubiquitous in natural waters, have been shown to reduce or inhibit calcite crystal growth in experiments. The purpose of this study is to quantify and understand the kinetic effects of hydrophobic organic acids isolated from the Florida Everglades and a fulvic acid from Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, on the crystal growth of calcite (CaCO3). Highly reproducible calcite growth experiments were performed in a sealed reactor at constant pH, temperature, supersaturation (Ω = 4.5), PCO2(10−3.5atm), and ionic strength (0.1 M) with various concentrations of organic acids. Higher plant-derived aquatic hydrophobic acids from the Everglades were more effective growth inhibitors than microbially derived fulvic acid from Lake Fryxell. Organic acid aromaticity correlated strongly with growth inhibition. Molecular weight and heteroatom content correlated well with growth inhibition, whereas carboxyl content and aliphatic nature did not.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00179-9","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hoch, A., Reddy, M., and Aiken, G., 2000, Calcite crystal growth inhibition by humic substances with emphasis on hydrophobic acids from the Florida Everglades: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, no. 1, p. 61-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00179-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":206617,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00179-9"},{"id":230389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.97448730468749,\n 24.943728712051445\n ],\n [\n -79.99969482421875,\n 24.943728712051445\n ],\n [\n -79.99969482421875,\n 26.45090222367262\n ],\n [\n -81.97448730468749,\n 26.45090222367262\n ],\n [\n -81.97448730468749,\n 24.943728712051445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2f3e4b0c8380cd4b4dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoch, A.R.","contributorId":71711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoch","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. 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R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81484,"text":"81484 - 2000 - Obsidian hydration dating of Quaternary events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:02","indexId":"81484","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Obsidian hydration dating of Quaternary events","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Geochronology, Methods and Applications: AGU Reference Shelf 4","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., and Friedman, I., 2000, Obsidian hydration dating of Quaternary events, chap. of Quaternary Geochronology, Methods and Applications: AGU Reference Shelf 4, p. 223-240.","productDescription":"223-240","startPage":"223","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6963e0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Noller, J.S.","contributorId":49837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noller","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504174,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sowers, J.M.","contributorId":89546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504176,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lettis, W. R.","contributorId":72842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettis","given":"W. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504175,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170399,"text":"70170399 - 2000 - The role of biotechnology in the detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum infections in salmonid fishes-promises and pitfalls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T18:18:18.276611","indexId":"70170399","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1114,"text":"Bulletin of the Aquaculture Association of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The role of biotechnology in the detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum infections in salmonid fishes-promises and pitfalls","title":"The role of biotechnology in the detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum infections in salmonid fishes-promises and pitfalls","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the special session 'Biotechnology: What does it mean to growers?'","conferenceDate":"May 29, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Moncton, New Bruinswick, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Aquaculture Association of Canada","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D., 2000, The role of biotechnology in the detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum infections in salmonid fishes-promises and pitfalls: Bulletin of the Aquaculture Association of Canada, v. 100, no. 3, p. 6-12.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://aquacultureassociation.ca/publications/"},{"id":324602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f303e4b07dd077c6add1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170392,"text":"70170392 - 2000 - Molecular epidemiology reveals emergence of a virulent infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus strain in wild salmon and its transmission to hatchery fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-01T14:33:36","indexId":"70170392","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular epidemiology reveals emergence of a virulent infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus strain in wild salmon and its transmission to hatchery fish","docAbstract":"

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) has been known to be a significant salmonid pathogen in the Pacific Northwest of North America for decades. The goal of this study was to characterize the IHNV genetic heterogeneity and viral traffic over time at a study site in the Deschutes River watershed in Oregon, with an emphasis on the epidemiology of IHNV types causing epidemics in wild kokanee Oncorhynchus nerkabetween 1991 and 1995. The study site included kokanee spawning grounds in the Metolius River and Lake Billy Chinook downstream, in which the IHNV epidemics occurred in 2- and 3-year-old kokanee, and the Round Butte Fish Hatchery at the outflow of the lake. Forty-two IHNV isolates collected from this area between 1975 and 1995 were characterized on a genetic basis by ribonuclease (RNase) protection fingerprint analyses of the virus nucleocapsid, glycoprotein, and nonvirion genes. Analysis of the 16 identified composite haplotypes suggested that both virus evolution and introduction of new IHNV strains contributed to the genetic diversity observed. The results indicated that the 1991–1995 epidemics in kokanee from Lake Billy Chinook were due to a newly introduced IHNV type that was first detected in spawning adult kokanee in 1988 and that this virus type was transmitted from the wild kokanee to hatchery fish downstream in 1991. Twelve IHNV haplotypes were found at Round Butte Fish Hatchery, indicating a series of virus displacement events during the 20-year period examined. This work shows that IHNV traffic can be much more complex than was previously recognized, and the results have implications for fisheries management at the hatchery and throughout the watershed.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(200006)012<0085:MEREOA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Anderson, E., Engelking, H.M., Emmenegger, E.J., and Kurath, G., 2000, Molecular epidemiology reveals emergence of a virulent infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus strain in wild salmon and its transmission to hatchery fish: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 12, no. 2, p. 85-99, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(200006)012<0085:MEREOA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"99","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.25473022460936,\n 44.72039289103473\n ],\n [\n -121.30004882812499,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -121.32339477539062,\n 44.60806814444478\n ],\n [\n -121.51290893554688,\n 44.67255939212045\n ],\n [\n -121.60079956054689,\n 44.67548910920999\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 44.59633476144439\n ],\n [\n -121.65710449218749,\n 44.51413472987111\n ],\n [\n -121.68045043945312,\n 44.46221068235642\n ],\n [\n -121.62002563476562,\n 44.44652641501047\n ],\n [\n -121.58020019531249,\n 44.57677385713505\n ],\n [\n -121.53350830078124,\n 44.62761851676016\n ],\n [\n -121.46621704101562,\n 44.569925985528336\n ],\n [\n -121.35360717773438,\n 44.55329208318493\n ],\n [\n -121.33026123046874,\n 44.50825885600572\n ],\n [\n -121.24649047851562,\n 44.51805165000559\n ],\n [\n -121.22726440429688,\n 44.583620922396136\n ],\n [\n -121.19842529296875,\n 44.7018498980029\n ],\n [\n -121.212158203125,\n 44.72917434046452\n ],\n [\n -121.25473022460936,\n 44.72039289103473\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571756e3e4b0ef3b7caa626b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Eric D.","contributorId":213888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric D.","affiliations":[{"id":38922,"text":"Maine BioTek Inc., Winterport, ME 04496, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engelking, H. Mark","contributorId":168718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelking","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":16267,"text":"Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emmenegger, Eveline J. 0000-0001-5217-6030 eemmenegger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-6030","contributorId":2434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"Eveline","email":"eemmenegger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170408,"text":"70170408 - 2000 - The dose-dependent effect on protection and humoral response to a DNA vaccine against Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN) virus in subyearling rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:41:30","indexId":"70170408","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dose-dependent effect on protection and humoral response to a DNA vaccine against Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN) virus in subyearling rainbow trout","docAbstract":"

A dose–response study that used the DNA vaccine pIHNw-G against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) showed that complete and highly significant (P < 0.001) protection against a virus injection challenge can be attained in subyearling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (145–160 g, 8- to 10-months-old) 6 weeks after a single intramuscular injection with doses as low as 1 μg. Complete protection was also reproducibly demonstrated at higher vaccine doses; however, no protection was observed with a 0.1-μg dose. Virus-neutralizing antibody titers were detected in fish that had been vaccinated with different doses of the DNA vaccine and then sham-infected; there appeared to be a dose-dependent effect, with higher titers obtained with higher doses of vaccine. The DNA-vaccinated animals that survived virus challenge had significantly (P < 0.05) higher neutralizing antibody titers than sham-infected, DNA-vaccinated control fish. Additionally, the titers detected in the IHN survivors exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent effect, with the highest titers being present in fish that received the highest vaccine doses.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2000)012<0181:FDDEOP>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"LaPatra, S.E., Corbeil, S., Jones, G.R., Shewmaker, W.D., and Kurath, G., 2000, The dose-dependent effect on protection and humoral response to a DNA vaccine against Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN) virus in subyearling rainbow trout: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 12, no. 3, p. 181-188, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2000)012<0181:FDDEOP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"188","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571756fbe4b0ef3b7caa63e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaPatra, Scott E.","contributorId":67392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPatra","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corbeil, Serge","contributorId":168480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corbeil","given":"Serge","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25304,"text":"CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong Victoria, 3220, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Gerald R.","contributorId":168733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shewmaker, William D.","contributorId":168734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shewmaker","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}