{"pageNumber":"3236","pageRowStart":"80875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70022546,"text":"70022546 - 2000 - The northern Sacramento Mountains, southwest United States. Part II: Exhumation history and detachment faulting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T13:12:36","indexId":"70022546","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The northern Sacramento Mountains, southwest United States. Part II: Exhumation history and detachment faulting","docAbstract":"Thermochronologic and thermobarometric data reveal the timing, distribution and intensity of thermal events associated with detachment faulting in the Sacramento Mountains metamorphic core complex. In the northwest Sacramento Mountains, cooling rates of c. 100°C Ma<sup>−1</sup> are associated with Late Cretaceous plutonism followed by cooling of the crust by thermal conduction. Post-Late Cretaceous cooling slowed to c. 1–6°C Ma<sup>−1</sup>. Finally, the region records average cooling rates of 38–53°C Ma<sup>−1</sup> between c. 20 and 15 Ma. In contrast, the thermal profile of the northeast Sacramento Mountains is dominated by syntectonic Tertiary plutonism followed by very rapid cooling. A granodioritic suite intruded at c. 680°C and c. 3 kbar at c. 20 Ma, records cooling to <100°C by c. 15 Ma. Such rapid cooling and exhumation suggests that unroofing by tectonic denudation was the driving mechanism for the final cooling. The similarity of the miocene cooling profiles between these two areas clearly suggests that the Sacramento Mountains experienced a regional cooling event associated with tectonic unroofing driven by regional Miocene crustal extension. Estimates of the initial angle of the Sacramento Mountains detachment fault using palaeothermal gradients suggest that it was active at a dip of 25°.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.11","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Pease, V., Foster, D., Wooden, J., O'Sullivan, P., Argent, J., and Fanning, C., 2000, The northern Sacramento Mountains, southwest United States. Part II: Exhumation history and detachment faulting: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 164, p. 199-238, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.11.","startPage":"199","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280153,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.11"}],"volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae2be4b08c986b323f31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pease, V.","contributorId":38384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pease","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, D.","contributorId":36892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J.","contributorId":21736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Sullivan, P.","contributorId":9918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Sullivan","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Argent, J.","contributorId":10675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argent","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fanning, C.","contributorId":90981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022545,"text":"70022545 - 2000 - Environmental geochemistry at the global scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T14:25:49.894152","indexId":"70022545","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental geochemistry at the global scale","docAbstract":"Land degradation and pollution caused by population pressure and economic development pose a threat to the sustainability of the Earth's surface, especially in tropical regions where a long history of chemical weathering has made the surface environment particularly fragile. Systematic baseline geochemical data provide a means of monitoring the state of the environment and identifying problem areas. Regional surveys have already been carried out in some countries, and with increased national and international funding they can be extended to cover the rest of the land surface of the globe. Preparations have been made, under the auspices of the IUGS, for the establishment of just such an integrated global database.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/jgs.157.4.837","usgsCitation":"Plant, J., Smith, D., Smith, B., and Williams, L., 2000, Environmental geochemistry at the global scale: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 157, no. 4, p. 837-849, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs.157.4.837.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"837","endPage":"849","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/19087/1/GeoscienceAbst.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09c5e4b0c8380cd52062","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, J.","contributorId":7445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.","contributorId":60978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, B.","contributorId":53740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, L.","contributorId":9421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022544,"text":"70022544 - 2000 - Acetogenic microbial degradation of vinyl chloride","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T09:44:03","indexId":"70022544","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acetogenic microbial degradation of vinyl chloride","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Under methanogenic conditions, microbial degradation of [1,2-<sup>14</sup>C]vinyl chloride (VC) resulted in significant (14 ± 3% maximum recovery) but transient recovery of radioactivity as<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>C-acetate. Subsequently,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>C-acetate was degraded to<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(18 ± 2% and 54 ± 3% final recoveries, respectively). In contrast, under 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES) amended conditions,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>C-acetate recovery remained high (27 ± 1% maximum recovery) throughout the study, no<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>was produced, and the final recovery of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>was only 35 ± 4%. These results demonstrate that oxidative acetogenesis may be an important mechanism for anaerobic VC biodegradation. Moreover, these results (1) demonstrate that microbial degradation of VC to CH<sub>4</sub>and CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>may involve oxidative acetogenesis followed by acetotrophic methanogenesis and (2) suggest that oxidative acetogenesis may be the initial step in the net oxidation of VC to CO<sub>2</sub>reported previously under Fe(III)-reducing, SO<sub>4</sub>-reducing, and humic acids-reducing conditions.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es991371m","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 2000, Acetogenic microbial degradation of vinyl chloride: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 13, p. 2761-2763, https://doi.org/10.1021/es991371m.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2761","endPage":"2763","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206638,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es991371m"}],"volume":"34","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e68ee4b0c8380cd474ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022543,"text":"70022543 - 2000 - Toxic responses of medaka, D-rR strain, to polychlorinatednaphthalene mixtures after embryonic exposure by in ovo nanoinjection: A partial life-cycle assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T15:08:24","indexId":"70022543","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxic responses of medaka, D-rR strain, to polychlorinatednaphthalene mixtures after embryonic exposure by in ovo nanoinjection: A partial life-cycle assessment","docAbstract":"Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are organic compounds with some chemical properties and uses similar to polychlorinated biphenyls. Polychlorinated naphthalenes have been detected in biota from certain aquatic environments. The toxicities of several PCN technical mixtures (Halowax) to medaka (Oryzias latipes) were determined by use of an embryo nanoinjection method. Medaka eggs (early gastrula) were injected with 0.5 nl of triolein (vehicle control) or 0.5 nl of four to five graded doses (0.3-30 ng/egg) of Halowax 1014, Halowax 1013, or Halowax 1051 in triolein. Following exposure, embryos developed, and fry were reared to sexual maturity (4 months), at which time they were euthanized. Responses were evaluated as early life stage (ELS) and early adult life stage (EALS) assessments. For ELS, lethality and sublethal alterations in embryos and larvae ( &lt; 16 d old), such as craniofacial, cardiovascular, and myoskeletal deformities and abnormal or delayed hatch, were monitored for the first 9 d, and a dose severity index was computed. The EALS assessment examined the survival of 16-d-old larvae until early adulthood (123 ?? 3 d old), including gonadosomatic index (GSI) and morphometry. Halowax 1014 was found to be the most toxic mixture (LD50 4.2 ng/egg), whereas Halowax 1013 and 1051 were significantly less toxic (LD50s could not be determined). The gonadosomatic index of females was significantly less in fish dosed with Halowax 1014 or 1051. The LD50 for medaka embryos nanoinjected with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is about 0.75 pg/egg. Thus, Halowax 1014 was 5,585-fold less potent than TCDD. For Halowax 1014, ELS assessments accurately predicted the results of EALS assessments.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620190224","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Villalobos, S.A., Papoulias, D.M., Meadows, J.C., Blankenship, A.L., Pastva, S.D., Kannan, K., Hinton, D., Tillitt, D.E., and Giesy, J.P., 2000, Toxic responses of medaka, D-rR strain, to polychlorinatednaphthalene mixtures after embryonic exposure by in ovo nanoinjection: A partial life-cycle assessment: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 2, p. 432-440, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190224.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"432","endPage":"440","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5cce4b08c986b3268e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villalobos, Sergio A.","contributorId":58802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villalobos","given":"Sergio","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meadows, John C. jmeadows@usgs.gov","contributorId":3024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"John","email":"jmeadows@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":394011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blankenship, Alan L.","contributorId":51047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blankenship","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pastva, Stephanie D.","contributorId":103027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pastva","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kannan, Kurunthachalam","contributorId":42861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kannan","given":"Kurunthachalam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hinton, D.E.","contributorId":75489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinton","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70022542,"text":"70022542 - 2000 - SH-wave refraction/reflection and site characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70022542","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SH-wave refraction/reflection and site characterization","docAbstract":"Traditionally, nonintrusive techniques used to characterize soils have been based on P-wave refraction/reflection methods. However, near-surface unconsolidated soils are oftentimes water-saturated, and when groundwater is present at a site, the velocity of the P-waves is more related to the compressibility of the pore water than to the matrix of the unconsolidated soils. Conversely, SH-waves are directly relatable to the soil matrix. This makes SH-wave refraction/reflection methods effective in site characterizations where groundwater is present. SH-wave methods have been used extensively in site characterization and subsurface imaging for earthquake hazard assessments in the central United States and western Oregon. Comparison of SH-wave investigations with geotechnical investigations shows that SH-wave refraction/reflection techniques are viable and cost-effective for engineering site characterization.","largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical Special Publication","conferenceTitle":"GeoDenver 2000 'Use of Geophysical Methods in Construction'","conferenceDate":"5 August 2000 through 8 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","issn":"08950563","usgsCitation":"Wang, Z., Street, R., Woolery, E., and Madin, I.P., 2000, SH-wave refraction/reflection and site characterization, <i>in</i> Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 108, Denver, CO, USA, 5 August 2000 through 8 August 2000, p. 126-140.","startPage":"126","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"108","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf3be4b0c8380cd87474","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Street, R.L.","contributorId":70552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Street","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woolery, E.W.","contributorId":53548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolery","given":"E.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madin, I. P.","contributorId":47031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madin","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022541,"text":"70022541 - 2000 - Effects of neck collars and radiotransmitters on survival and reproduction of emperor geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T18:03:01","indexId":"70022541","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of neck collars and radiotransmitters on survival and reproduction of emperor geese","docAbstract":"<p>Neck collars have been used widely for studies of goose population biology. Despite concerns about their negative impacts, few studies have employed designs capable of clearly demonstrating these effects. During a 1993-98 study of emperor geese (<i>Chen canagica</i>), we contrasted survival and reproduction of geese marked with tarsal bands to those marked with either small neck collars, large neck collars, or small neck collars with attached radiotransmitters. Annual survival of adult females marked with tarsal bands varied among years and averaged 0.807 ?? 0.140 (v?? ?? SE). Survival of geese with other types of markers also varied among years but was lower (0.640 ?? 0.198). Collars with radiotransmitters lowered breeding propensity, as indexed by resighting rates. Although clutch sizes of tarsal banded birds were similar to those for unmarked birds, other markers reduced clutch sizes by about 1 egg. Egg mass and hatch date were not affected by marker type. Future studies of goose demographics should seriously consider use of alternative markers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802995","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., and Morse, J.A., 2000, Effects of neck collars and radiotransmitters on survival and reproduction of emperor geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 231-237, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802995.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"237","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Manokinak River, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0768e4b0c8380cd516ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morse, Julie A.","contributorId":63939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022538,"text":"70022538 - 2000 - Schaben field, Kansas: Improving performance in a Mississippian shallow-shelf carbonate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T18:14:07.626499","indexId":"70022538","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Schaben field, Kansas: Improving performance in a Mississippian shallow-shelf carbonate","docAbstract":"Schaben field (Kansas), located along the northeastern shelf of the Hugoton embayment, produces from Mississippian carbonates in erosional highs immediately beneath a regional unconformity. Production comes from depths of around 4400 ft (1342 m) in partially dolomitized shelf deposits. A detailed reservoir characterization/simulation study, recently performed as part of a Department of Energy Reservoir Class Oil Field Demonstration Project, has led to important revision in explanations for observed patterns of production. Cores recovered from three new data wells identify three main facies: Spicule-rich wackestone-packstone, echinoderm wackestone/packstone/grainstone, and dolomitic mudstone-wackestone. Reservoir quality is highest in spicule-rich wackestone/packstones but is subject to a very high degree of vertical heterogeneity due to facies interbedding, silification, and variable natural fracturing. The oil reservoir is underlain by an active aquifer, which helps maintain reservoir pressure but supports significant water production. Reservoir simulation, using public-domain, PC-based software, suggests that infill drilling is an efficient approach to enhanced recovery. Recent drilling directed by simulation results has shown considerable success in improving field production rates. Results from the Schaben field demonstration project are likely to have wide application for independent oil and exploration companies in western Kansas.Schaben field (Kansas), located along the northeastern shelf of the Hugoton embayment, produces from Mississippian carbonates in erosional highs immediately beneath a regional unconformity. Production comes from depths of around 4400 ft (1342 m) in partially dolomitized shelf deposits. A detailed reservoir characterization/simulation study, recently performed as part of a Department of Energy Reservoir Class Oil Field Demonstration Project, has led to important revision in explanations for observed patterns of production. Cores recovered from three new data wells identify three main facies: spicule-rich wackestone-packstone, echinoderm wackestone/packstone/grainstone, and dolomitic mudstone-wackestone. Reservoir quality is highest in spicule-rich wackestone/packstones but is subject to a very high degree of vertical heterogeneity due to facies interbedding, silification, and variable natural fracturing. The oil reservoir is underlain by an active aquifer, which helps maintain reservoir pressure but supports significant water production. Reservoir simulation, using public-domain, PC-based software, suggests that infill drilling is an efficient approach to enhanced recovery. Recent drilling directed by simulation results has shown considerable success in improving field production rates. Results from the Schaben field demonstration project are likely to have wide application for independent oil and exploration companies in western Kansas.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK, United States","doi":"10.1306/A9673C34-1738-11D7-8645000102C1865D","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, S.L., Franseen, E.K., Bhattacharya, S., Gerlach, P., Byrnes, A., Guy, W., and Carr, T., 2000, Schaben field, Kansas: Improving performance in a Mississippian shallow-shelf carbonate: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 84, no. 8, p. 1069-1086, https://doi.org/10.1306/A9673C34-1738-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1069","endPage":"1086","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Schaben Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.65673828125,\n              38.11727165830543\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.25048828124999,\n              38.11727165830543\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.25048828124999,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.65673828125,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.65673828125,\n              38.11727165830543\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b873de4b08c986b3163b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery, Scott L.","contributorId":43513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franseen, E. K.","contributorId":30367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franseen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bhattacharya, S.","contributorId":97226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhattacharya","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerlach, P.","contributorId":75294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Byrnes, A.","contributorId":82881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrnes","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guy, W.","contributorId":52358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carr, T.R.","contributorId":37094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022536,"text":"70022536 - 2000 - Uncertain nest fates in songbird studies and variation in Mayfield estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T16:03:34","indexId":"70022536","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertain nest fates in songbird studies and variation in Mayfield estimation","docAbstract":"Determining whether nesting attempts are successful can be difficult. Yet, current protocols for estimating nesting success do not address how uncertain nest fates should be handled. We examined the problem of nest-fate uncertainty as it relates to Mayfield estimation of nesting success and in analyses of factors that influence success. We used data from Minnesota to illustrate the potential effect of uncertain fate; 40% of Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus; n = 127) nests and 30% of Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus; n = 144) nests had uncertain fates. How this uncertainty is incorporated into Mayfield estimates of success varied widely among researchers. In a survey of researchers who use the Mayfield method, 9 of 22 respondents (of 40 contacted) excluded nests with uncertain fate. Excluding uncertain fates is counter to how Mayfield first described his estimator and can result in severe downward bias. The remaining respondents (59%) included nests with uncertain fate but varied in how they terminated the exposure period. We developed a simulation model that calculated Mayfield estimates using different approaches and compared them with a known rate of nesting success. Magnitude of bias in Mayfield estimates varied considerably in our simulations. The approach with the least bias terminated exposure with the last observed active date for nests with uncertain fate, and with the midpoint between last observed active and first observed inactive dates for nests with known fate. In addition, information necessary to interpret and compare Mayfield estimates often is not reported. These values, including variance estimates and the period lengths used to estimate survival rates, should be reported with Mayfield estimates. Finally, nest fate is commonly used as a categorical variable in studies of factors affecting nesting success. In this approach, however, nests with uncertain fate must be excluded. An alternative approach is Cox regression, which incorporates nests with uncertain fate.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0615:UNFISS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Manolis, J., Andersen, D., and Cuthbert, F., 2000, Uncertain nest fates in songbird studies and variation in Mayfield estimation: The Auk, v. 117, no. 3, p. 615-626, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0615:UNFISS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"626","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0615:unfiss]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc13e4b08c986b328a03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manolis, J.C.","contributorId":7133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manolis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, D. E.","contributorId":27816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuthbert, F.J.","contributorId":45272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuthbert","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022535,"text":"70022535 - 2000 - Three-dimensional oxygen isotope imaging of convective fluid flow around the Big Bonanza, Comstock lode mining district, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-17T10:55:22","indexId":"70022535","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional oxygen isotope imaging of convective fluid flow around the Big Bonanza, Comstock lode mining district, Nevada","docAbstract":"Oxygen isotope analyses of propylitized andesites from the Con Virginia and California mines allow construction of a detailed, three-dimensional image of the isotopic surfaces produced by the convective fluid flows that deposited the famous Big Bonanza orebody. On a set of intersecting maps and sections, the δ<sup>18</sup>O isopleths clearly show the intricate and conformable relationship of the orebody to a deep, ~500 m gyre of meteoric-hydrothermal fluid that circulated along and above the Comstock fault, near the contact of the Davidson Granodiorite. The core of this gyre (δ<sup>18</sup>O = 0 to 3.8‰) encompasses the bonanza and is almost totally surrounded by rocks having much lower δ<sup>18</sup>O values (–1.0 to –4.4‰). This deep gyre may represent a convective longitudinal roll superimposed on a large unicellular meteoric-hydrothermal system, producing a complex flow field with both radial and longitudinal components that is consistent with experimentally observed patterns of fluid convection in permeable media.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.95.1.131","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Criss, R., Singleton, M., and Champion, D., 2000, Three-dimensional oxygen isotope imaging of convective fluid flow around the Big Bonanza, Comstock lode mining district, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 95, no. 1, p. 131-142, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.95.1.131.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288672,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.95.1.131"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.750164,39.249771 ], [ -119.750164,39.370238 ], [ -119.549664,39.370238 ], [ -119.549664,39.249771 ], [ -119.750164,39.249771 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"95","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb341e4b08c986b325c8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Criss, R.E.","contributorId":10075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criss","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singleton, M.J.","contributorId":77692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singleton","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Champion, D.E.","contributorId":70402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022534,"text":"70022534 - 2000 - Bed material transport in the Virgin River, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:25:25","indexId":"70022534","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bed material transport in the Virgin River, Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>Detailed information concerning the rate and particle size distribution of bed material transport by streamflows can be very difficult and expensive to obtain, especially where peak streamflows are brief and bed material is poorly sorted, including some very large boulders. Such streams, however, are common in steep, arid watersheds. Any computational approach must consider that (1) only the smaller particle sizes present on the streambed move even during large floods and (2) the largest bed particles exert a significant form drag on the flow. Conventional methods that rely on a single particle size to estimate the skin friction shear stress acting on the mobile fraction of the bed material perform poorly. Instead, for this study, the skin friction shear stress was calculated for the observed range of streamflows by calculating the form drag exerted on the reach‐averaged flow field by all particle sizes. Suspended and bed load transported rates computed from reach‐averaged skin friction shear stress are in excellent agreement with measured transport rates. The computed mean annual bed material load, including both bed load and suspended load, of the East Fork Virgin River for the water years 1992‐1996 was approximately 1.3×10&nbsp;</span><sup>5</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>t. A large portion of the bed material load consists of sand‐sized particles, 0.062–1.0 mm in diameter, that are transported in suspension. Such particles, however, constituted only 10% of the surface bed material and less than 25% of the subsurface bed material. The mean annual quantity of bed load transported was 1060 t/yr with a median size of 15 mm.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900257","usgsCitation":"Andrews, E., 2000, Bed material transport in the Virgin River, Utah: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 2, p. 585-596, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900257.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"596","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900257","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Virgin River","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f03be4b0c8380cd4a678","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022531,"text":"70022531 - 2000 - Infectious bursal disease virus antibodies in eider ducks and Herring Gulls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T19:19:43","indexId":"70022531","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infectious bursal disease virus antibodies in eider ducks and Herring Gulls","docAbstract":"<p>We measured antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in blood of nesting Common Eider (<i>Somateria mollissima</i>) females and immature Herring Gulls (<i>Larus argentatus</i>) in the Baltic Sea, and in blood of Spectacled Eider (<i>Somateria fischeri</i>) females nesting in a remote area of western Alaska. Positive (≥ 1:16) IBDV titers occurred in 75% of the eiders and 45% of the Herring Gull chicks. In eiders, the prevalence of positive titers differed among locations. We found no evidence that IBDV exposure impaired the immune function of Herring Gull chicks, based on their response to inoculation of sheep red blood cells. We suggest that eider ducks and Herring Gulls have been exposed to IBDV, even in locations where contact with poultry is unlikely. The presence of this virus in wild bird populations is of concern because it causes mortality of up to 30% in susceptible poultry.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0688:IBDVAI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Hollmen, T., Franson, J.C., Docherty, D., Kilpi, M., Hario, M., Creekmore, L., and Petersen, M.R., 2000, Infectious bursal disease virus antibodies in eider ducks and Herring Gulls: Condor, v. 102, no. 3, p. 688-691, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0688:IBDVAI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"688","endPage":"691","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0688:ibdvai]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Baltic Sea Nations","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -139.921875,\n              70.1403642720717\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0390625,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.9375,\n              70.61261423801925\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.9921875,\n              62.91523303947614\n            ],\n            [\n              -172.265625,\n              50.064191736659104\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.5703125,\n              56.9449741808516\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.921875,\n              70.1403642720717\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              13.0078125,\n              53.9560855309879\n            ],\n            [\n              22.8515625,\n              54.16243396806779\n            ],\n            [\n              25.3125,\n              60.23981116999893\n            ],\n            [\n              18.28125,\n              61.270232790000634\n            ],\n            [\n              13.0078125,\n              53.9560855309879\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3acfe4b0c8380cd61fbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollmen, T.","contributorId":16787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollmen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":140358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Docherty, Douglas E.","contributorId":58245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"Douglas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kilpi, Mikaei","contributorId":102428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpi","given":"Mikaei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hario, Martti","contributorId":31340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hario","given":"Martti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Creekmore, Lynn H.","contributorId":87251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creekmore","given":"Lynn H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022530,"text":"70022530 - 2000 - Adsorption and fractionation of a muck fulvic acid on kaolinite and goethite at pH 3.7,6, and 8","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-10T17:58:56.0452","indexId":"70022530","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adsorption and fractionation of a muck fulvic acid on kaolinite and goethite at pH 3.7,6, and 8","docAbstract":"<p>Molecular weight (MW) of humic materials is a key factor controlling proton and metal binding and organic pollutant partitioning. Several studies have suggested preferential<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ej-keyword\" data-value=\"adsorption\">adsorption</span><span>&nbsp;</span>of higher MW, more aromatic moieties to mineral surfaces; quantification of such processes is fundamental to development of predictive models. We used high pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) to quantify MW changes upon<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ej-keyword\" data-value=\"adsorption\">adsorption</span><span>&nbsp;</span>of a muck fulvic acid (MFA) extracted from a peat deposit to kaolinite and goethite, at pH 3.7, 6, and 8 at 22 °C, I = 0.01 (NaCl), 24-h reaction time. MFA<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ej-keyword\" data-value=\"adsorption\">adsorption</span><span>&nbsp;</span>affinity was greater for goethite than for kaolinite. At concentrations less than the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ej-keyword\" data-value=\"adsorption\">adsorption</span><span>&nbsp;</span>maximum (A<sub>max</sub>) for both adsorbents, the weight-average MW (M<sub>w</sub>) of MFA remaining in solution decreased by as much as several hundred Daltons relative to control samples, indicating preferential<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ej-keyword\" data-value=\"adsorption\">adsorption</span><span>&nbsp;</span>of the higher MW components. At concentrations more than A<sub>max</sub>, M<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>of MFA in solution did not change appreciably. Although total<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ej-keyword\" data-value=\"adsorption\">adsorption</span><span>&nbsp;</span>decreased significantly as pH increased, fractionation as measured by change in M<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>remained similar, perhaps indicating greater selectivity for higher MW components at higher pH.</p><p>Absorptivities at λ = 280 nm normalized to mg C L<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(ε) suggested preferential<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ej-keyword\" data-value=\"adsorption\">adsorption</span><span>&nbsp;</span>of more aromatic moieties to kaolinite. ε could not be used for goethite-reacted samples because high Fe concentrations in the aqueous phase brought about by goethite dissolution interfered with the spectroscopic analysis. Preliminary kinetic experiments suggested that smaller molecules adsorbed first and were replaced by larger molecules whose<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ej-keyword\" data-value=\"adsorption\">adsorption</span><span>&nbsp;</span>was thermodynamically favored.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wolters Kluwer","issn":"0038075X","usgsCitation":"Namjesnik-Dejanovic, K., Maurice, P., Aiken, G., Cabaniss, S., Chin, Y., and Pullin, M., 2000, Adsorption and fractionation of a muck fulvic acid on kaolinite and goethite at pH 3.7,6, and 8: Soil Science, v. 165, no. 7, p. 545-559.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"559","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405086,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://journals.lww.com/soilsci/Abstract/2000/07000/ADSORPTION_AND_FRACTIONATION_OF_A_MUCK_FULVIC_ACID.3.aspx"}],"volume":"165","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6fbe4b0c8380cd4777b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Namjesnik-Dejanovic, K.","contributorId":30389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Namjesnik-Dejanovic","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maurice, P.A.","contributorId":48336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurice","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cabaniss, S.","contributorId":88906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabaniss","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chin, Y.-P.","contributorId":84911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"Y.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pullin, M.J.","contributorId":93235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pullin","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022529,"text":"70022529 - 2000 - Tephrochronology of the Brooks River Archaeological District, Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska: What can and cannot be done with tephra deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T17:05:28.640886","indexId":"70022529","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":11125,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of London","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Tephrochronology of the Brooks River Archaeological District, Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska: What can and cannot be done with tephra deposits","docAbstract":"The Brooks River Archaeological District (BRAD) in Katmai National Park and Preserve is a classical site for the study of early humans in Alaska. Because of proximity to the active Aleutian volcanic arc, there are numerous tephra deposits in the BRAD, which are potentially useful for correlating among sites of archaeological investigations. Microprobe analyses of glass separates show, however, that most of these tephra deposits are heterogeneous mixtures of multiple glass populations. Some glasses are highly similar to pyroclasts of Aniakchak Crater (160 km to the south), others are similar to pyroclasts in the nearby Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, and some are similar to no other tephra samples from the Alaska Peninsula. Moreover, tephra deposits in any one archaeological study site are not always similar to those from nearby sites, indicating inconsistent preservation of these mainly thin, fine-grained deposits. At least 15, late Holocene tephra deposits are inferred at the BRAD. Their heterogeneity is the result of either eruptions of mixed or heterogeneous magmas, like the 1912 Katmai eruption, or secondary mixing of closely succeeding tephra deposits. Because most cannot be reliably distinguished from one another on the basis of megascopic properties, their utility for correlations is limited. At least one deposit can be reliably identified because of its thickness (10 cm) and colour stratification. Early humans seem not to have been significantly affected by these tephra falls, which is not surprising in view of the resilience exhibited by both plants and animals following the 1912 Katmai eruption.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The archaeology of geological catastrophes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.19","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Dumond, D., Meyer, C., and Schaaf, J., 2000, Tephrochronology of the Brooks River Archaeological District, Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska: What can and cannot be done with tephra deposits, chap. <i>of</i> The archaeology of geological catastrophes: Special Papers of the Geological Society of London, no. 171, p. 245-266, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.19.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"266","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks River Archaeological District, Katmai National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -516.533203125,\n              58.297944045474146\n            ],\n            [\n              -514.5172119140625,\n              58.297944045474146\n            ],\n            [\n              -514.5172119140625,\n              58.85070025077414\n            ],\n            [\n              -516.533203125,\n              58.85070025077414\n            ],\n            [\n              -516.533203125,\n              58.297944045474146\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"171","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba545e4b08c986b32092a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumond, D.E.","contributorId":72555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumond","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaaf, J.M.","contributorId":29155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaaf","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022130,"text":"70022130 - 2000 - Revelations from a single strong-motion record retreived during the 27 June 1998 Adana (Turkey) earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022130","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revelations from a single strong-motion record retreived during the 27 June 1998 Adana (Turkey) earthquake","docAbstract":"During the 27 June 1998 Adana (Turkey) earthquake, only one strong-motion record was retrieved in the region where the most damage occurred. This single record from the station in Ceyhan, approximately 15 km from the epicenter of that earthquake, exhibits characteristics that are related to the dominant frequencies of the ground and structures. The purpose of this paper is to explain the causes of the damage as inferred from both field observations and the characteristics of a single strong-motion record retrieved from the immediate epicentral area. In the town of Ceyhan there was considerable but selective damage to a significant number of mid-rise (7-12 stories high) buildings. The strong-motion record exhibits dominant frequencies that are typically similar for the mid-rise building structures. This is further supported by spectral ratios derived using Nakamura's method [QR of RTRI, 30 (1989) 25] that facilitates computation of a spectral ratio from a single tri-axial record as the ratio of amplitude spectrum of horizontal component to that of the vertical component [R = H(f)/V(f)]. The correlation between the damage and the characteristics exhibited from the single strong-motion record is remarkable. Although deficient construction practices played a significant role in the extent of damage to the mid-rise buildings, it is clear that site resonance also contributed to the detrimental fate of most of the mid-rise buildings. Therefore, even a single record can be useful to explain the effect of site resonance on building response and performance. Such information can be very useful for developing zonation criteria in similar alluvial valleys. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(00)00061-0","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 2000, Revelations from a single strong-motion record retreived during the 27 June 1998 Adana (Turkey) earthquake: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 20, no. 5-8, p. 283-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(00)00061-0.","startPage":"283","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206721,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(00)00061-0"},{"id":230629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac35e4b0c8380cd86bfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022131,"text":"70022131 - 2000 - Instruments and methods acoustic televiewer logging in glacier boreholes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022131","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instruments and methods acoustic televiewer logging in glacier boreholes","docAbstract":"The acoustic televiewer is a geophysical logging instrument that is deployed in a water-filled borehole and operated while trolling. It generates a digital, magnetically oriented image of the borehole wall that is developed from the amplitudes and transit times of acoustic waves emitted from the tool and reflected at the water-wall interface. The transit-time data are also converted to radial distances, from which cross-sectional views of the borehole shape can be constructed. Because the televiewer is equipped with both a three-component magnetometer and a two-component inclinometer, the borehole's trajectory in space is continuously recorded as well. This instrument is routinely used in mining and hydrogeologic applications, but in this investigation it was deployed in two boreholes drilled into Upper Fremont Glacier, Wyoming, U.S.A. The acoustic images recorded in this glacial setting are not as clear as those typically obtained in rocks, due to a lower reflection coefficient for water and ice than for water and rock. Results indicate that the depth and orientation of features intersecting the boreholes can be determined, but that interpreting their physical nature is problematic and requires corroborating information from inspection of cores. Nevertheless, these data can provide some insight into englacial structural characteristics. Additional information derived from the cross-sectional geometry of the borehole, as well as from its trajectory, may also be useful in studies concerned with stress patterns and deformation processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00221430","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., Descamps, G., and Cecil, L., 2000, Instruments and methods acoustic televiewer logging in glacier boreholes: Journal of Glaciology, v. 46, no. 155, p. 695-699.","startPage":"695","endPage":"699","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"155","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c4fe4b0c8380cd62c40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Descamps, G.E.","contributorId":76493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Descamps","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cecil, L.D.","contributorId":62616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022132,"text":"70022132 - 2000 - Biotic and abiotic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in wetland sediments: Geochemical and microbial community analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022132","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Biotic and abiotic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in wetland sediments: Geochemical and microbial community analyses","docAbstract":"Additional microcosm experiments with the wetland sediment and groundwater at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, site was presented to assist in elucidating the conditions under which these potentially competing biotic and abiotic degradation reactions for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (PCA) occur in the environment and to evaluate potential seasonal changes in degradation reactions. PCA concentration decreased to below detection within 21 days in the March 1999 experiment, while PCA was still present at day 35 in the July 1999 experiment. Compared to March 1999 experiment, peak concentrations of all daughter products except trichloroethylene (TCE) were delayed in the July 1999 experiment. The relative intensity of the peaks was directly related to the biomass present for each fragment length (bp, base pair). The relative intensities were lower in sediment collected in August 1999 than in March 1999, especially in the bp size range of ??? 160??-240??. These microbial community analyses, along with the geochemical analyses of the microcosms, provide evidence that abiotic production of TCE from PCA degradation is more significant under conditions of low bacterial biomass in the wetland sediments.","largerWorkTitle":"ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts","conferenceTitle":"220th ACS National Meeting","conferenceDate":"20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Wastington, DC","language":"English","issn":"00657727","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M., Voytek, M., and Kirshtein, J., 2000, Biotic and abiotic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in wetland sediments: Geochemical and microbial community analyses, <i>in</i> ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts, v. 40, no. 2, Wastington, DC, 20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000, p. 332-334.","startPage":"332","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a0e4b0c8380cd4ad4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, M.M.","contributorId":29002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirshtein, J.","contributorId":56825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022511,"text":"70022511 - 2000 - Atrazine and its metabolites as indicators of stream-aquifer interaction in Kansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T17:46:03.596512","indexId":"70022511","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2040,"text":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atrazine and its metabolites as indicators of stream-aquifer interaction in Kansas, USA","docAbstract":"A survey of atrazine and its metabolites in Kansas ground water indicated that ground-water quality was impacted by stream-aquifer interaction between rivers in the Kansas River basin and their adjacent alluvial aquifers. Atrazine was detected in 19 of the 78 samples. The most common metabolite, deethylatrazine, was detected in 25 samples, 18 of which also had atrazine. The deethylatrazine/atrazine ratio (DAR) of < 1.0 indicates rapid movement of agricultural chemicals to ground water. In this study, 12 of 18 samples had DAR values < 1.0, suggesting rapid recharge to the aquifers. Hydroxyatrazine is seldom detected in ground water. In this study hydroxyatrazine was detected primarily in wells sited in alluvium of rivers. These rivers contain atrazine in varying concentrations. Results of the study suggest that stream-aquifer interaction is a process contributing to the presence of both atrazine and its metabolites in ground water in these areas.A survey of atrazine and its metabolites in Kansas ground water indicated that ground water quality was impacted by stream-aquifer interaction between rivers in the Kansas River basin and their adjacent alluvial aquifers. Atrazine was detected in 19 of the 78 samples. The most common metabolite, deethylatrazine, was detected in 25 samples, 18 of which also had atrazine. The deethylatrazine/attrazine ratio (DAR) of < 1.0 indicates rapid movement of agricultural chemicals to ground water. In this study, 12 of 18 samples had DAR values < 1.0, suggesting rapid recharge to the aquifers. Hydroxyatrazine is seldom detected in ground water. In this study hydroxyatrazine was detected primarily in wells sited in alluvium of rivers. These rivers contain atrazine in varying concentration. Results of the study suggest that stream-aquifer interaction is a process contributing to the presence of both attrazine and its metabolites in ground water in these areas.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03067310008032689","issn":"03067319","usgsCitation":"Townsend, M., and Young, D., 2000, Atrazine and its metabolites as indicators of stream-aquifer interaction in Kansas, USA: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 78, no. 1, p. 9-23, https://doi.org/10.1080/03067310008032689.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Kansas River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.59228515625,\n              39.11727568585598\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.8721923828125,\n              40.006579667838636\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.0684814453125,\n              40.019201307686785\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.06298828125,\n              38.54816542304656\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6142578125,\n              38.47939467327645\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.59228515625,\n              39.11727568585598\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eecae4b0c8380cd49f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Townsend, M.A.","contributorId":88785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, D.P.","contributorId":78112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022510,"text":"70022510 - 2000 - The urban environmental gradient: Anthropogenic influences on the spatial and temporal distributions of lead and zinc in sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-06T13:46:17","indexId":"70022510","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The urban environmental gradient: Anthropogenic influences on the spatial and temporal distributions of lead and zinc in sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span mce-data-marked=\"1\">U<span>rban settings are a focal point for environmental contamination due to emissions from industrial and municipal activities and the widespread use of motor vehicles. As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, streambed-sediment and dated reservoir-sediment samples were collected from the Chattahoochee River Basin and analyzed for total lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations. The sampling transect extends from northern Georgia, through Atlanta, to the Gulf of Mexico and reflects a steep gradient in population density from nearly 1000 people/km</span><sup>2</sup><span> in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area to fewer than 50 people/km</span><sup>2</sup><span> in rural areas of southern Georgia and northern Florida. Correlations among population density, traffic density, and total and anthropogenic Pb and Zn concentrations indicate that population density is strongly related to traffic density and is a predictor of Pb and Zn concentrations in the environment derived from anthropogenic activities. Differences in the distributions of total Pb and Zn concentrations along the urban−suburban−rural gradient from Atlanta to the Florida Panhandle are related to temporal and spatial processes. That is, with the removal of leaded gasoline starting in the late 1970s, peak Pb concentrations have decreased to the present. Conversely, increased vehicular usage has kept Zn concentrations elevated in runoff from population centers, which is reflected in the continued enrichment of Zn in aquatic sediments. Sediments from rural areas also contain elevated concentrations of Zn, possibly in response to substantial power plant emissions for the region, as well as vehicular traffic.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es990380s","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Callender, E., and Rice, K.C., 2000, The urban environmental gradient: Anthropogenic influences on the spatial and temporal distributions of lead and zinc in sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 2, p. 232-238, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990380s.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"238","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, Florida","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River Basin","volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb156e4b08c986b3252dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callender, Edward","contributorId":69535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022508,"text":"70022508 - 2000 - Origin of the Colorado River experimental flood in Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T18:58:41.512577","indexId":"70022508","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of the Colorado River experimental flood in Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"<p>The Colorado River is one of the most highly regulated and extensively utilized rivers in the world. Total reservoir storage is approximately four times the mean annual runoff of −17 × 10<sup>9</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>year<sup>−1</sup>. Reservoir storage and regulation have decreased annual peak discharges and hydroelectric power generation has increased daily flow variability. In recent years, the incidental impacts of this development have become apparent especially along the Colorado River through Grand Canyon National Park downstream from Glen Canyon Dam and caused widespread concern. Since the completion of Glen Canyon Dam, the number and size of sand bars, which are used by recreational river runners and form the habitat for native fishes, have decreased substantially. Following an extensive hydrological and geomorphic investigation, an experimental flood release from the Glen Canyon Dam was proposed to determine whether sand bars would be rebuilt by a relatively brief period of flow substantially greater than the normal operating regime. This proposed release, however, was constrained by the Law of the River, the body of law developed over 70 years to control and distribute Colorado River water, the needs of hydropower users and those dependent upon hydropower revenues, and the physical constraints of the dam itself. A compromise was reached following often difficult negotiations and an experimental flood to rebuild sand bars was released in 1996. This flood, and the process by which it came about, gives hope to resolving the difficult and pervasive problem of allocation of water resources among competing interests.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1080/02626660009492361","issn":"02626667","usgsCitation":"Andrews, E., and Pizzi, L., 2000, Origin of the Colorado River experimental flood in Grand Canyon: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 45, no. 4, p. 607-627, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626660009492361.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"627","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487081,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626660009492361","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.67852783203125,\n              36.28634929429456\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.43408203124999,\n              36.109033596783135\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.81060791015624,\n              35.96689214303232\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.70074462890625,\n              36.18665862660454\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.78314208984375,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.53570556640624,\n              36.45000844447082\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.67852783203125,\n              36.28634929429456\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70fae4b0c8380cd76398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pizzi, L.A.","contributorId":6217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pizzi","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022507,"text":"70022507 - 2000 - Limited effects of a keystone species: Trends of sea otters and kelp forests at the Semichi Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T18:00:03.254799","indexId":"70022507","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limited effects of a keystone species: Trends of sea otters and kelp forests at the Semichi Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"Sea otters are well known as a keystone species because of their ability to transform sea urchin-dominated communities into kelp-dominated communities by preying on sea urchins and thus reducing the intensity of herbivory. After being locally extinct for more than a century, sea otters re-colonized the Semichi Islands in the Aleutian Archipelago, Alaska in the early 1990s. Here, otter populations increased to about 400 individuals by 1994, but rapidly declined to about 100 by 1997. Roughly 7 yr after initial otter re-colonization, there were only marginal changes in sea urchin biomass, mean maximum test size, and kelp density. These small changes may be the first steps in the cascading effects on community structure typically found with the invasion of a keystone species. However, no wholesale change in community structure occurred following re-colonization and growth of the sea otter population. Instead, this study describes a transition state and identifies factors such as keystone species density and residence time that can be important in dictating the degree to which otter effects are manifested.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","usgsCitation":"Konar, B., 2000, Limited effects of a keystone species: Trends of sea otters and kelp forests at the Semichi Islands, Alaska: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 199, p. 271-280.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"280","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350733,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v199/p271-280/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaid Island, Nizki Island, Semichi Islands, Shemya Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": 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Brenda","contributorId":131034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Konar","given":"Brenda","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022506,"text":"70022506 - 2000 - Low temperature limits photoperiod control of smolting in atlantic salmon through endocrine mechanisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T18:47:32.477448","indexId":"70022506","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":730,"text":"American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology","onlineIssn":"1522-1490","printIssn":"0363-6119","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low temperature limits photoperiod control of smolting in atlantic salmon through endocrine mechanisms","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have examined the interaction of photoperiod and temperature in regulating the parr-smolt transformation and its endocrine control. Atlantic salmon juveniles were reared at a constant temperature of 10°C or ambient temperature (2°C from January to April followed by seasonal increase) under simulated natural day length. At 10°C, an increase in day length [16 h of light and 8 h of darkness (LD 16:8)] in February accelerated increases in gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>-K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity, whereas fish at ambient temperature did not respond to increased day length. Increases in gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>-K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity under both photoperiods occurred later at ambient temperature than at 10°C. Plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor, and thyroxine increased within 7 days of increased day length at 10°C and remained elevated for 5–9 wk; the same photoperiod treatment at 2°C resulted in much smaller increases of shorter duration. Plasma cortisol increased transiently 3 and 5 wk after LD 16:8 at 10°C and ambient temperature, respectively. Plasma thyroxine was consistently higher at ambient temperature than at 10°C. Plasma triiodothyronine was initially higher at 10°C than at ambient temperature, and there was no response to LD 16:8 under either temperature regimen. There was a strong correlation between gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>-K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity and plasma GH; correlations were weaker with other hormones. The results provide evidence that low temperature limits the physiological response to increased day length and that GH, insulin-like growth factor I, cortisol, and thyroid hormones mediate the environmental control of the parr-smolt transformation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Physiological Society","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.5.R1352","issn":"03636119","usgsCitation":"McCormick, S., and Moriyama, S., 2000, Low temperature limits photoperiod control of smolting in atlantic salmon through endocrine mechanisms: American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, v. 278, no. 5, p. R1352-R1361, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.5.R1352.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"R1352","endPage":"R1361","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"278","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a11e4b0c8380cd68ad2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moriyama, S.","contributorId":57408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moriyama","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022505,"text":"70022505 - 2000 - Methane and other hydrocarbon gases in sediment from the southeastern North American continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70022505","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Methane and other hydrocarbon gases in sediment from the southeastern North American continental margin","docAbstract":"Residual concentrations and distributions of hydrocarbon gases from methane to n-heptane were measured in sediments at seven sites on Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 164. Three sites were drilled at the Cape Fear Diapir of the Carolina Rise, and one site was drilled on the Blake Ridge Diapir. Methane concentrations at these sites result from microbial generation which is influenced by the amount of pore-water sulfate and possible methane oxidation. Methane hydrate was found at the Blake Ridge Diapir site. The other hydrocarbon gases at these sites are likely the produce of early microbial processes. Three sites were drilled on a transect of holes across the crest of the Blake Ridge. The base of the zone of gas-hydrate occurrence was penetrated at all three sites. Trends in hydrocarbon gas distributions suggest that methane is microbial in origin and that the hydrocarbon gas mixture is affected by diagenesis, outgassing, and, near the surface, by microbial oxidation. Methane hydrate was recovered at two of these three sites, although gas hydrate is likely present at all three sites. The method used here for determining amounts of residual hydrocarbon gases has its limitations and provides poor assessment of gas distributions, particularly in the stratigraphic interval below about ~ 100 mbsf. One advantage of the method, however, is that it yields sufficient quantities of gas for other studies such as isotopic determinations.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","language":"English","issn":"08845891","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., and Lorenson, T., 2000, Methane and other hydrocarbon gases in sediment from the southeastern North American continental margin, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, v. 164, p. 29-36.","startPage":"29","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5521e4b0c8380cd6d130","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022503,"text":"70022503 - 2000 - Migratory behavior and forebay delay of radio-tagged juvenile fall chinook salmon in a lower snake river impoundment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T14:31:31","indexId":"70022503","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migratory behavior and forebay delay of radio-tagged juvenile fall chinook salmon in a lower snake river impoundment","docAbstract":"<p>During July and August 1995-1997, we used radiotelemetry to estimate the migration rate of 405 juvenile fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (mean fork length, 138-144 mm) through Little Goose Reservoir. Migration rates decreased significantly as fish approached the dam. Median migration rates in 1995 were 26.0 km/d through the 45.9-km reach immediately below Lower Granite Dam, 14.9 km/d through the next 14.4 km, and 0.8 km/d in the Little Goose Dam forebay (0.6 km). Median migration rates through the same reaches were consistent among years: 24.8, 13.4, and 0.8 km/d in 1996 and 20.2, 10.2, and 1.0 km/d in 1997. Most fish migrated through the upper 45.9 km within 5 d and through the lower two reaches (15.0 km) within an additional 5 d. However, 10% to 20% of the fish spent a week or more in the forebay and lower reservoir. Radio-tagged smolts displayed two behaviors after entering the forebay: crossing the forebay and upstream excursions. Study fish crossed the forebay an average of 0.6-1.0 time/h, and 157 upstream excursions were identified, 15 of which were at least 14.4 km in length. Fish behavior in the forebay was associated with declining water velocities near the dam. Detections of passive integrated transponder tags suggest that similar delays occur in other lower Snake River reservoirs. Based on studies from the Columbia River, delays for 20% of the juvenile fall chinook salmon outmigrants in each of these forebays may have contributed to high predation losses and pose a serious challenge to efforts aimed at restoring this threatened salmon stock.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2000)020<0041:MBAFDO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Venditti, D., Rondorf, D., and Kraut, J., 2000, Migratory behavior and forebay delay of radio-tagged juvenile fall chinook salmon in a lower snake river impoundment: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 20, no. 1, p. 41-52, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2000)020<0041:MBAFDO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"41","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Little Goose Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.10920715332031,\n              46.57019056757178\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.09890747070312,\n              46.577506772382094\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.07865142822264,\n              46.579630646972596\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.0594253540039,\n              46.57986662790295\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.04019927978516,\n              46.58788936844286\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.02337646484375,\n              46.59119250475699\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.99247741699219,\n              46.59237214751384\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.96878814697266,\n              46.59402360423837\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.938232421875,\n              46.59803407534287\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.91351318359375,\n              46.59779817349404\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.9001235961914,\n              46.594731356000686\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.90699005126952,\n              46.57632680610711\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.95951843261719,\n              46.58175443837197\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.99419403076172,\n              46.5819904100589\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.01101684570311,\n              46.58482199019235\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.03539276123045,\n              46.57915868203075\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.06354522705077,\n              46.56901044210194\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.08860778808592,\n              46.5720787149159\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.0975341796875,\n              46.562873375747564\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.10920715332031,\n              46.57019056757178\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5721e4b0c8380cd6da89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Venditti, D.A.","contributorId":74536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venditti","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraut, J.M.","contributorId":46252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraut","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022134,"text":"70022134 - 2000 - 15N NMR study of nitrate ion structure and dynamics in hydrotalcite-like compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022134","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"15N NMR study of nitrate ion structure and dynamics in hydrotalcite-like compounds","docAbstract":"We report here the first nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic study of the dynamical and structural behavior of nitrate on the surface and in the interlayer of hydrotalcite-like compounds (15NO3--HT). Spectroscopically resolvable surface-absorbed and interlayer NO3- have dramatically different dynamical characteristics. The interlayer nitrate shows a well defined, temperature independent uniaxial chemical shift anisotropy (CS A) powder pattern. It is rigidly held or perhaps undergoes rotation about its threefold axis at all temperatures between -100 ??C and +80 ??C and relative humidities (R.H.) from 0 to 100% at room temperature. For surface nitrate, however, the dynamical behavior depends substantially on temperature and relative humidity. Analysis of the temperature and R.H. dependences of the peak width yields reorieritational frequencies which increase from essentially 0 at -100 ??C to 2.6 ?? 105 Hz at 60 ??C and an activation energy of 12.6 kJ/mol. For example, for samples at R.H. = 33%, the surface nitrate is isotropically mobile at frequencies greater than 105 Hz at room temperature, but it becomes rigid or only rotates on its threefold axis at -100 ??C. For dry samples and samples heated at 200 ??C (R.H. near 0%), the surface nitrate is not isotropically averaged at room temperature. In contrast to our previous results for 35Cl--containing hydrotalcite (35Cl--HT), no NMR detectable structural phase transition is observed for 15NO3--HT. The mobility of interlayer nitrate in HT is intermediate between that of carbonate and chloride.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Hou, X., James, K.R., Yu, P., Moore, D., and Kim, Y., 2000, 15N NMR study of nitrate ion structure and dynamics in hydrotalcite-like compounds: American Mineralogist, v. 85, no. 1, p. 173-180.","startPage":"173","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e227e4b0c8380cd459db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hou, X.","contributorId":57237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hou","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, Kirkpatrick R.","contributorId":107058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Kirkpatrick","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yu, P.","contributorId":80849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, D.","contributorId":105307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kim, Y.","contributorId":38314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022135,"text":"70022135 - 2000 - Richness and diversity of helminth communities in tropical freshwater fishes: Empirical evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022135","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Richness and diversity of helminth communities in tropical freshwater fishes: Empirical evidence","docAbstract":"Aim: Published information on the richness and diversity of helminth parasite communities in tropical freshwater fishes is reviewed in response to expectations of species-rich parasite communities in tropical regions. Location: Areas covered include the tropics and some subtropical areas. In addition, the north temperate area of the nearctic zone is included for comparison. Methods: Data from 159 communities in 118 species of tropical freshwater fish, summarized from 46 published studies, were used for this review. Parasite community descriptors used in the analyses included component community richness and calculated mean species richness. Data from 130 communities in 47 species of nearctic north temperate freshwater fish were summarized from 31 studies and used for comparison. Results: The component helminth communities of many tropical freshwater fish are species-poor, and considerable proportions of fish from certain parts of the tropics, e.g. West African drainages, are uninfected or lightly infected. Mean helminth species richness was low and equaled or exceeded 2.0 in only 22 of 114 communities. No single group of helminths was identified as a dominant component of the fauna and species composition was variable among and within broader geographical areas. The richest enteric helminth assemblages were found in mochokid and clariid catfish with a mixed carnivorous diet, whereas algal feeders, herbivores and detritivores generally had species-poor gut helminth communities. Comparisons indicated that certain areas in the north temperate region had higher helminth species richness in fishes than areas in the tropics. Main conclusions: Expectations of high species richness in helminth communities of tropical freshwater fishes are not fulfilled by the data. Direct comparisons of infracommunities and component communities in host species across widely separated phylogenetic and geographical lines are inappropriate. Examination of latitudinal differences in richness of monophyletic parasite groups or of compound communities may uncover patterns different from those found in this study. Richness of helminth communities may be ultimately determined not by the number of host species present but by the degree of divergence of host lineages and by their diversification modes. A phylogenetic framework for hosts and parasites will reveal if increased host species richness within host clades, when host speciation is accompanied by habitat or diet specialization, or both, leads to lower helminth diversity in host species by fragmentation of a core helminth fauna characteristic or specific of the larger host clade. This pattern may be analysed in the context of cospeciation and acquisition from other unrelated hosts (host-sharing or host-switching).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00450.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Choudhury, A., and Dick, T., 2000, Richness and diversity of helminth communities in tropical freshwater fishes: Empirical evidence: Journal of Biogeography, v. 27, no. 4, p. 935-956, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00450.x.","startPage":"935","endPage":"956","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206743,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00450.x"},{"id":230701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad57e4b0c8380cd86eae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choudhury, A. 0000-0001-7553-4179","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7553-4179","contributorId":50873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choudhury","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dick, T.A.","contributorId":32702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dick","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}