{"pageNumber":"3238","pageRowStart":"80925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70022127,"text":"70022127 - 2000 - System of gigantic valleys northwest of Tharsis, Mars: Latent catastrophic flooding, northwest watershed, and implications for northern plains ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022127","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"System of gigantic valleys northwest of Tharsis, Mars: Latent catastrophic flooding, northwest watershed, and implications for northern plains ocean","docAbstract":"Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) reveals a system of gigantic valleys to the northwest of the huge martian shield volcano, Arsia Mons, in the western hemisphere of Mars. These newly identified northwestern slope valleys (NSVs) potentially signify previously undocumented martian catastrophic floods and may corroborate the northern ocean hypotheses. These features, which generally correspond spatially to gravity lows, were previously obscurred in Mariner and Viking Orbiter imagery by veneers of materials, including volcanic lava flows and air fall deposits. Geologic investigations of the Tharsis region suggest that the NSVs were mainly carved prior to the construction of Arsia Mons and its associated Late Hesperian and Amazonian age lava flows, concurrent with the early development of the outflow channels that debouch into Chryse Planitia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL011728","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Dohm, J.M., Anderson, R.C., Baker, V., Ferris, J., Hare, T., Strom, R., Rudd, L.P., Rice, J.W., Casavant, R., and Scott, D.H., 2000, System of gigantic valleys northwest of Tharsis, Mars: Latent catastrophic flooding, northwest watershed, and implications for northern plains ocean: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 21, p. 3559-3562, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011728.","startPage":"3559","endPage":"3562","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487331,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011728","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206704,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011728"}],"volume":"27","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba368e4b08c986b31fcbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, R. C.","contributorId":9755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, V.R.","contributorId":47079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferris, J.C.","contributorId":13731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hare, T.M. 0000-0001-8842-389X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":43828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Strom, R.G.","contributorId":45744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rudd, L. P.","contributorId":78446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudd","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rice, J. W. Jr.","contributorId":53040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Casavant, R.R.","contributorId":97668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casavant","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Scott, D. H.","contributorId":73565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70022062,"text":"70022062 - 2000 - An updated Holocene sea-level curve for the Delaware coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022062","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An updated Holocene sea-level curve for the Delaware coast","docAbstract":"We present an updated Holocene sea-level curve for the Delaware coast based on new calibrations of 16 previously published radiocarbon dates (Kraft, 1976; Belknap and Kraft, 1977) and 22 new radiocarbon dates of basal peat deposits. A review of published and unpublished 137Cs and 210Pb analyses, and tide gauge data provide the basis for evaluating shorter-term (102 yr) sea-level trends. Paleosea-level elevations for the new basal peat samples were determined from the present vertical zonation of marsh plants relative to mean high water along the Delaware coast and the composition of plant fossils and foraminifera. Current trends in tidal range along the Delaware coast were used to reduce elevations from different locations to a common vertical datum of mean high water at Breakwater Harbor, Delaware. The updated curve is similar to Belknap and Kraft's [J. Sediment. Petrol., 47 (1977) 610-629] original sea-level curve from 12,000 to about 2000 yr BP. The updated curve documents a rate of sea-level rise of 0.9 mm/yr from 1250 yr BP to present (based on 11 dates), in good agreement with other recent sea-level curves from the northern and central U.S. Atlantic coast, while the previous curve documents rates of about 1.3 mm/yr (based on 4 dates). The precision of both estimates, however, is very low, so the significance of these differences is uncertain. A review of 210Pb and 137Cs analyses from salt marshes of Delaware indicates average marsh accretion rates of 3 mm/yr for the last 100 yr, in good agreement with shorter-term estimates of sea-level rise from tide gauge records. ?? 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00104-3","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Nikitina, D., Pizzuto, J., Schwimmer, R., and Ramsey, K., 2000, An updated Holocene sea-level curve for the Delaware coast: Marine Geology, v. 171, no. 1-4, p. 7-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00104-3.","startPage":"7","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206798,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00104-3"},{"id":230814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"171","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eab4e4b0c8380cd48a17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nikitina, D.L.","contributorId":93234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nikitina","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pizzuto, J.E.","contributorId":10572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pizzuto","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwimmer, R.A.","contributorId":9799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwimmer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramsey, K.W.","contributorId":78500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022086,"text":"70022086 - 2000 - Pesticide transport in the San Joaquin River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-10T16:16:29.806952","indexId":"70022086","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Pesticide transport in the San Joaquin River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Pesticide<span>&nbsp;</span>occurrence and concentrations were evaluated in the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">San</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">Joaquin</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">River</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">Basin</span><span>&nbsp;</span>to determine potential sources and mode of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">transport</span>. Land use in the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">basin</span><span>&nbsp;</span>is mainly agricultural. Spatial variations in<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">pesticide</span><span>&nbsp;</span>occurrence were evaluated in relation to<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">pesticide</span><span>&nbsp;</span>application and cropping patterns in three contrasting subbasins and at the mouth of the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">basin</span>. Temporal variability in<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">pesticide</span><span>&nbsp;</span>occurrence was evaluated by fixed interval sampling and by sampling across the hydrograph during winter storms. Four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, dacthal, and EPTC) and two insecticides (diazinon and chlorpyrifos) were detected in more than 50 percent of the samples. Temporal, and to a lesser extent spatial, variation in<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">pesticide</span><span>&nbsp;</span>occurrence is usually consistent with<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">pesticide</span><span>&nbsp;</span>application and cropping patterns. Diazinon concentrations changed rapidly during winter storms, and both eastern and western tributaries contributed diazinon to the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">San</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">Joaquin</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">River</span><span>&nbsp;</span>at concentrations toxic to the water flea<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i><span>&nbsp;</span>at different times during the hydrograph. During these storms, toxic concentrations resulted from the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">transport</span><span>&nbsp;</span>of only a very small portion of the applied diazinon.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agrochemical fate and movement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/bk-2000-0751.ch020","issn":"00976156","usgsCitation":"Dubrovsky, N.M., Kratzer, C.R., Panshin, S.Y., Gronberg, J.M., and Kuivila, K., 2000, Pesticide transport in the San Joaquin River Basin, <i>in</i> Agrochemical fate and movement, v. 751, p. 306-322, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0751.ch020.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"306","endPage":"322","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.531005859375,\n              36.328402729422656\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.83886718750001,\n              36.69485094156225\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.36645507812499,\n              36.99816565700228\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.54223632812501,\n              37.33522435930639\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.92675781249999,\n              37.60987994374712\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.9102783203125,\n              37.896530447543\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.90478515625,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              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nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panshin, Sandra Y.","contributorId":46126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panshin","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-4822-7434 jmgronbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-7434","contributorId":3548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","email":"jmgronbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-7940-489X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":260408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022083,"text":"70022083 - 2000 - Kelp forest fish populations in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas of central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:37:14.503481","indexId":"70022083","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kelp forest fish populations in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas of central California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Population structure (density and size distribution) of 10 species of epibenthic kelp forest fishes was compared between three marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas in central California. We also contrasted substrate relief, algal turf cover, and kelp population density among these areas. Densities of fishes were 12–35% greater within the reserves, but this difference was not statistically significant. Habitat features explained only 4% of the variation in fish density and did not vary consistently between reserves and nonreserves. The average length of rockfish (genus&nbsp;</span><i>Sebastes</i><span>) was significantly greater in two of the three reserve sites, as was the proportion of larger fish. Population density and size differences combined to produce substantially greater biomass and, therefore, greater reproductive potential per unit of area within the reserves. The magnitude of these effects seems to be influenced by the reserve's age. Our findings demonstrate that current levels of fishing pressure influence kelp forest rockfish populations and suggest that this effect is widespread in central California. Existing marine reserves in central California kelp forests may help sustain exploited populations both through adult emigration and larval pool augmentation. The magnitude of these effects remains uncertain, however, because the spatial scale of both larval and adult dispersal relative to the size of existing reserves is unknown.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0855:KFFPIM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Paddack, M., and Estes, J.A., 2000, Kelp forest fish populations in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas of central California: Ecological Applications, v. 10, no. 3, p. 855-870, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0855:KFFPIM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"870","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Big Creek Marine Ecological Reserve, Hopkins Marine Life Refuge, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Point Lobos State and Ecological Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.398681640625,\n              36.23984280222428\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.497802734375,\n              36.23984280222428\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.497802734375,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.398681640625,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.398681640625,\n              36.23984280222428\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a406ee4b0c8380cd64d67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paddack, M.J.","contributorId":21894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paddack","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022126,"text":"70022126 - 2000 - USGS research on three mid-latitude glaciers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022126","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS research on three mid-latitude glaciers","docAbstract":"Low- and mid-latitude regions of the earth are home to 80 to 90 percent of the world's population. Because of this, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting a research program to study the geochemistry of precipitation, snow, ice, and runoff samples from mid-latitude glaciers in Kyrghyzstan, Nepal, and the United States, Areas of research, such as ground-water studies, reconstructing paleoclimate records, describing anthropogenic input of chemicals to the environment, and modeling global climate, are important to the well being of the worlds' population and can be supplemented by the collection and chemical analysis of snow and ice cores. Nearly all the constituents that compose snow and ice-core samples contribute vital information, whether it be the microbial communities that flourish in snow, radionuclides present in various amounts in all the samples, or location-specific deposits of mercury and nitrate. This work is hastened by the fact that mid-latitude glaciers, and the information preserved in them, are rapidly disappearing as a result of global warming. Research collaboration for this project includes 12 national and 7 international universities, and 4 government agencies. Funding is provided by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the USGS.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference","conferenceTitle":"68th Annual Meeting Western Snow Conference","conferenceDate":"18 April 2000 through 20 April 2000","conferenceLocation":"Port Angeles, WA","language":"English","issn":"01610589","usgsCitation":"Green, J., Cecil, L., Naftz, D.L., and Schuster, P., 2000, USGS research on three mid-latitude glaciers, <i>in</i> Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference, Port Angeles, WA, 18 April 2000 through 20 April 2000, p. 49-56.","startPage":"49","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbdee4b08c986b3288a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, J.R.","contributorId":31146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cecil, L. DeWayne","contributorId":66856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L. DeWayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schuster, P. F.","contributorId":30197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022483,"text":"70022483 - 2000 - Calcium depletion in a Southeastern United States forest ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-13T10:14:00","indexId":"70022483","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcium depletion in a Southeastern United States forest ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p><span>Forest soil Ca depletion through leaching and vegetation uptake may threaten long-term sustainability of forest productivity in the southeastern USA. This study was conducted to assess Ca pools and fluxes in a representative southern Piedmont forest to determine the soil Ca depletion rate. Soil Ca storage, Ca inputs in atmospheric deposition, and outputs in soil leaching and vegetation uptake were investigated at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW) near Atlanta, GA. Average annual outputs of 12.3 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in uptake into merchantable wood and 2.71 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;soil leaching exceeded inputs in atmospheric deposition of 2.24 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;The annual rate of Ca uptake into merchantable wood exceeds soil leaching losses by a factor of more than five. The potential for primary mineral weathering to provide a substantial amount of Ca inputs is low. Estimates of Ca replenishment through mineral weathering in the surface 1 m of soil and saprolite was estimated to be 0.12 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;The weathering rate in saprolite and partially weathered bedrock below the surface 1 m is similarly quite low because mineral Ca is largely depleted. The soil Ca depletion rate at PMRW is estimated to be 12.7 kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;At PMRW and similar hardwood-dominated forests in the Piedmont physiographic province, Ca depletion will probably reduce soil reserves to less than the requirement for a merchantable forest stand in ≈80 yr. This assessment and comparable analyses at other southeastern USA forest sites suggests that there is a strong potential for a regional problem in forest nutrition in the long term.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Soc of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI, United States","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2000.6451845x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T., Hooper, R.P., Johnson, C., Aulenbach, B., Cappellato, R., and Blum, A., 2000, Calcium depletion in a Southeastern United States forest ecosystem: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 64, no. 5, p. 1845-1858, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.6451845x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1845","endPage":"1858","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2f9e4b0c8380cd4b505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, T.G. 0000-0002-9427-3530","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":64675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, C.E.","contributorId":31741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cappellato, R.","contributorId":8248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cappellato","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blum, A.E.","contributorId":100514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022061,"text":"70022061 - 2000 - African dust and the demise of Caribbean coral reefs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T18:40:32.723567","indexId":"70022061","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"African dust and the demise of Caribbean coral reefs","docAbstract":"<p><span>The vitality of Caribbean coral reefs has undergone a continual state of decline since the late 1970s, a period of time coincidental with large increases in transatlantic dust transport. It is proposed that the hundreds of millions of tons/year of soil dust that have been crossing the Atlantic during the last 25 years could be a significant contributor to coral reef decline and may be affecting other ecosystems. Benchmark events, such as near synchronous Caribbean-wide mortalities of acroporid corals and the urchin&nbsp;</span><i>Diadema</i><span>&nbsp;in 1983, and coral bleaching beginning in 1987, correlate with the years of maximum dust flux into the Caribbean. Besides crustal elements, in particular Fe, Si, and aluminosilicate clays, the dust can serve as a substrate for numerous species of viable spores, especially the soil fungus&nbsp;</span><i>Aspergillus</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>Aspergillus sydowii</i><span>, the cause of an ongoing Caribbean-wide seafan disease, has been cultured from Caribbean air samples and used to inoculate sea fans.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000GL011599","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Shinn, E., Smith, G., Prospero, J., Betzer, P., Hayes, M., Garrison, V., and Barber, R., 2000, African dust and the demise of Caribbean coral reefs: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 19, p. 3029-3032, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011599.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3029","endPage":"3032","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Sahara Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.34374999999999,\n              7.885147283424331\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.7734375,\n              11.005904459659451\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.125,\n              9.622414142924805\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.19140625,\n              8.494104537551882\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.60937499999999,\n              10.919617760254697\n            ],\n            [\n              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J.M.","contributorId":76476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prospero","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betzer, P.","contributorId":63563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betzer","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayes, M.L.","contributorId":25587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garrison, V.","contributorId":18300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barber, R.T.","contributorId":9798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022120,"text":"70022120 - 2000 - Three-dimensional simulations of ground motions in the Seattle region for earthquakes in the Seattle fault zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022120","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional simulations of ground motions in the Seattle region for earthquakes in the Seattle fault zone","docAbstract":"We used the 3D finite-difference method to model observed seismograms of two earthquakes (ML 4.9 and 3.5) in the Seattle region and to simulate ground motions for hypothetical M 6.5 and M 5.0 earthquakes on the Seattle fault, for periods greater than 2 sec. A 3D velocity model of the Seattle Basin was constructed from studies that analyzed seismic-reflection surveys, borehole logs, and gravity and aeromagnetic data. The observations and the simulations highlight the importance of the Seattle Basin on long-period ground motions. For earthquakes occurring just south of the basin, the edge of the basin and the variation of the thickness of the Quaternary deposits in the basin produce much larger surface waves than expected from flat-layered models. The data consist of seismograms recorded by instruments deployed in Seattle by the USGS and the University of Washington (UW). The 3D simulation reproduces the peak amplitude and duration of most of the seismograms of the June 1997 Bremerton event (ML 4.9) recorded in Seattle. We found the focal mechanism for this event that best fits the observed seismograms in Seattle by combining Green's functions determined from the 3D simulations for the six fundamental moment couples. The February 1997 event (ML 3.5) to the south of the Seattle Basin exhibits a large surface-wave arrival at UW whose amplitude is matched by the synthetics in our 3D velocity model, for a source depth of 9 km. The M 6.5 simulations incorporated a fractal slip distribution on the fault plane. These simulations produced the largest ground motions in an area that includes downtown Seattle. This is mainly caused by rupture directed up dip toward downtown, radiation pattern of the source, and the turning of S waves by the velocity gradient in the Seattle basin. Another area of high ground motion is located about 13 km north of the fault and is caused by an increase in the amplitude of higher-mode Rayleigh waves caused by the thinning of the Quaternary deposits.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0119990159","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., and Stephenson, W., 2000, Three-dimensional simulations of ground motions in the Seattle region for earthquakes in the Seattle fault zone: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 5, p. 1251-1267, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990159.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1267","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206658,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0119990159"},{"id":230480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb348e4b08c986b325cc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, A. 0000-0001-9119-6106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":41593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, W.","contributorId":37910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70181812,"text":"70181812 - 2000 - Paradigm shifts in theory and methods: regression quantile analysis enables new insights for ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T13:54:40","indexId":"70181812","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Paradigm shifts in theory and methods: regression quantile analysis enables new insights for ecology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling (GISEM4): Problems, Prospect and Research Needs for Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"4th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling (GISEM4)","conferenceDate":"September 2-8, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Banff, Alberta","language":"English","publisher":"University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","usgsCitation":"Bock, C., and Cade, B.S., 2000, Paradigm shifts in theory and methods: regression quantile analysis enables new insights for ecology, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling (GISEM4): Problems, Prospect and Research Needs for Research, Banff, Alberta, September 2-8, 2000, p. 1-10.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42539e4b0c825128ad46c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bock, C.E.","contributorId":75485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bock","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022081,"text":"70022081 - 2000 - Facies patterns and conodont biogeography in Arctic Alaska and the Canadian Arctic Islands: Evidence against juxtaposition of these areas during early Paleozoic time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T16:52:27.381337","indexId":"70022081","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3097,"text":"Polarforschung","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Facies patterns and conodont biogeography in Arctic Alaska and the Canadian Arctic Islands: Evidence against juxtaposition of these areas during early Paleozoic time","docAbstract":"Differences in lithofacies and biofacies suggest that lower Paleozoic rocks now exposed in Arctic Alaska and the Canadian Arctic Islands did not form as part of a single depositional system. Lithologic contrasts are noted in shallow- and deep-water strata and are especially marked in Ordovician and Silurian rocks. A widespread intraplatform basin of Early and Middle Ordovician age in northern Alaska has no counterpart in the Canadian Arctic, and the regional drowning and backstepping of the Silurian shelf margin in Canada has no known parallel in northern Alaska. Lower Paleozoic basinal facies in northern Alaska are chiefly siliciclastic, whereas resedimented carbonates are volumetrically important in Canada. Micro- and macrofossil assemblages from northern Alaska contain elements typical of both Siberian and Laurentian biotic provinces; coeval Canadian Arctic assemblages contain Laurentian forms but lack Siberian species. Siberian affinities in northern Alaskan biotas persist from at least Middle Cambrian through Mississippian time and appear to decrease in intensity from present-day west to east. Our lithologic and biogeographic data are most compatible with the hypothesis that northern Alaska-Chukotka formed a discrete tectonic block situated between Siberia and Laurentia in early Paleozoic time. If Arctic Alaska was juxtaposed with the Canadian Arctic prior to opening of the Canada basin, biotic constraints suggest that such juxtaposition took place no earlier than late Paleozoic time.","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publishing","doi":"10.2312/polarforschung.68.257","issn":"00322490","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., Harris, A., Bradley, D.C., and De Freitas, T.A., 2000, Facies patterns and conodont biogeography in Arctic Alaska and the Canadian Arctic Islands: Evidence against juxtaposition of these areas during early Paleozoic time: Polarforschung, v. 68, no. 1-3, p. 257-266, https://doi.org/10.2312/polarforschung.68.257.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"266","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -164.53125,\n              68.39918004344189\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.796875,\n              69.65708627301174\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.2421875,\n              66.93006025862448\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.8671875,\n              66.37275500247455\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.3984375,\n              59.88893689676585\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.9296875,\n              61.938950426660604\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.4140625,\n              67.06743335108298\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9375,\n              74.49641311694307\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.1796875,\n              78.63000556774836\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.46875,\n              82.40242347938855\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.0390625,\n              83.27770503961696\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.34374999999999,\n              83.52016238353205\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.515625,\n              82.1183836069127\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.22656249999999,\n              79.74993207509453\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.60937499999999,\n              79.10508621944108\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.21093749999999,\n              76.9999351181161\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.1328125,\n              71.85622888185527\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.109375,\n              70.49557354093136\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1484375,\n              72.39570570653261\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.640625,\n              70.8446726342528\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.53125,\n              68.39918004344189\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e8de4b0c8380cd534ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, D. C.","contributorId":17634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De Freitas, T. A.","contributorId":40077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Freitas","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022027,"text":"70022027 - 2000 - Slip rates on San Francisco Bay area faults from anelastic deformation of the continental lithosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T14:27:12.044082","indexId":"70022027","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip rates on San Francisco Bay area faults from anelastic deformation of the continental lithosphere","docAbstract":"<p>Long-term slip rates on major faults in the San Francisco Bay area are predicted by modeling the anelastic deformation of the continental lithosphere in response to regional relative plate motion. The model developed by <i>Bird and Kong</i> [1994] is used to simulate lithospheric deformation according to a Coulomb frictional rheology of the upper crust and a dislocation creep rheology at depth. The focus of this study is the long-term motion of faults in a region extending from the creeping section of the San Andreas fault to the south up to the latitude of Cape Mendocino to the north. Boundary conditions are specified by the relative motion between the Pacific plate and the Sierra Nevada-Great Valley microplate [<i>Argus and Gordon</i>, 2000]. Rheologic-frictional parameters are specified as independent variables, and prediction errors are calculated with respect to geologic estimates of slip rates and maximum compressive stress directions. The model that best explains the region-wide observations is one in which the coefficient of friction on all of the major faults is less than 0.15, with the coefficient of friction for the San Andreas fault being approximately 0.09, consistent with previous inferences of San Andreas fault friction. Prediction error increases with lower fault friction on the San Andreas, indicating a lower bound of μSAF &gt; 0.08. Discrepancies with respect to previous slip rate estimates include a higher than expected slip rate along the peninsula segment of the San Andreas fault and a slightly lower than expected slip rate along the San Gregorio fault.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900254","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Geist, E., and Andrews, D., 2000, Slip rates on San Francisco Bay area faults from anelastic deformation of the continental lithosphere: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B11, p. 25543-25552, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900254.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"25543","endPage":"25552","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900254","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.73376464843749,\n              37.900865092570065\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.57995605468749,\n              37.579412513438385\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.48657226562499,\n              37.23907530202184\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8218994140625,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.9649658203125,\n              37.59682400108367\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.1846923828125,\n              37.76202988573211\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2451171875,\n              37.95719224376526\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4208984375,\n              38.302869955150044\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.67358398437499,\n              38.371808917147554\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.01965332031249,\n              38.302869955150044\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.684326171875,\n              38.225235239076824\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.73376464843749,\n              37.900865092570065\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b914de4b08c986b319829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, D.J.","contributorId":7416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001727,"text":"1001727 - 2000 - Prolonged winter undernutrition and the interpretation of urinary allantoin:creatinine ratios in white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-05T10:49:16","indexId":"1001727","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prolonged winter undernutrition and the interpretation of urinary allantoin:creatinine ratios in white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"<p><span>The urinary allantoin:creatinine (A:C) ratio (expressed in micromoles of allantoin to micromoles of creatinine) has shown potential as an index of recent winter energy intake in preliminary controlled studies of elk (</span><i>Cervus elaphus</i><span>) involving mild condition deterioration (up to 11% loss of body mass). To ensure reliable nutritional assessments of free-ranging cervids by measuring A:C ratios of urine in snow, it is essential to extend this work. We assessed the effect of moderate and severe winter nutritional restriction on urinary A:C ratios of captive white-tailed deer (</span><i>Odocoileus virginianus</i><span>) that lost up to 32% body mass and related these ratios to metabolizable energy intake (MEI), body-mass loss, and other reported nutritional indicators. Deer in the control group were fed a low-protein, low-energy diet ad libitum, whereas deer in the treatment group were fed restricted amounts of the same diet. MEI was below the winter maintenance requirement for all deer, but was lower (</span><i>P</i><span> = 0.029) in treatment deer than in control deer. Percent body-mass loss differed between the two groups as the study progressed, and represented the full range of physiological tolerance (0-32% loss). Mean A:C ratios of control deer, which lost up to 17.4% body mass, showed a slight increasing (</span><i>P</i><span> = 0.086) trend, whereas initially similar A:C ratios of severely restricted deer increased (</span><i>P</i><span> = 0.0002) markedly by the eighth week (0.52 vs. 0.09 µmol:µmol). The urinary A:C ratio was not related (</span><i>P</i><span> = 0.839) to recent (2 days prior to urine sampling) MEI, but there was a marginally significant relation (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.42, </span><i>P</i><span> = 0.110) between the A:C ratio and cumulative percent mass loss. The urinary A:C ratio was directly related to urinary urea nitrogen:creatinine (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.59, </span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.0001) and 3-methylhistidine:creatinine (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.43, </span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.0001) ratios. This study confirms that elevated and increasing A:C ratios may be due either to increasing energy intake or to accelerated tissue catabolism and increased endogenous contributions to urinary allantoin excretion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z00-151","usgsCitation":"DelGiudice, G.D., Kerr, K.D., Mech, L.D., and Seal, U.S., 2000, Prolonged winter undernutrition and the interpretation of urinary allantoin:creatinine ratios in white-tailed deer: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 78, no. 12, p. 2147-2155, https://doi.org/10.1139/z00-151.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2147","endPage":"2155","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DelGiudice, Glenn D.","contributorId":64582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DelGiudice","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kerr, Ken D.","contributorId":174746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seal, Ulysses S.","contributorId":25494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Ulysses","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1016139,"text":"1016139 - 2000 - Growth and demographics of a population of Emydoidea blandingii from western Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:48:40","indexId":"1016139","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1210,"text":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and demographics of a population of Emydoidea blandingii from western Nebraska","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Germano, D.J., and Bury, R.B., 2000, Growth and demographics of a population of Emydoidea blandingii from western Nebraska: Chelonian Conservation and Biology, v. 3, no. 4, p. 618-625.","productDescription":"p. 618-625","startPage":"618","endPage":"625","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a92e4b07f02db6571cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germano, David J.","contributorId":91815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germano","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015643,"text":"1015643 - 2000 - Book review: A natural history of the Sonoran Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-30T13:13:44","indexId":"1015643","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2639,"text":"Madroño","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: A natural history of the Sonoran Desert","docAbstract":"<p>Review info: A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert. Edited by S. J. Phillips and P. W. Comus. 2000. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Press, Tucson AZ, and University of California Press, Berkeley CA. 628 pp. Cloth ISBN 0-520-22029-3 Paper ISBN 0-520-21980-5.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"California Botanical Society","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.L., 2000, Book review: A natural history of the Sonoran Desert: Madroño, v. 47, no. 1, p. 68-69.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"69","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ac23a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015607,"text":"1015607 - 2000 - [Book review] Natural History Investigations in South Carolina from Colonial Times to the Present, by A. E. Sanders and W. D. Anderson, Jr.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-18T17:16:15","indexId":"1015607","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Natural History Investigations in South Carolina from Colonial Times to the Present, by A. E. Sanders and W. D. Anderson, Jr.","docAbstract":"Review of: History Investigations in South Carolina from Colonial Times to the Present, by A. E. Sanders and W. D. Anderson, Jr. The University of South Carolina Press (July 1999). ISBN: 1570032785.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH)","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Smith-Vaniz, W., 2000, [Book review] Natural History Investigations in South Carolina from Colonial Times to the Present, by A. E. Sanders and W. D. Anderson, Jr.: Copeia, v. 2000, no. 4, p. 1137-1138.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1137","endPage":"1138","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2000","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4792e4b07f02db48c29d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith-Vaniz, W. F.","contributorId":20684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith-Vaniz","given":"W. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022301,"text":"70022301 - 2000 - The southwestern Alaska mercury belt and its relationship to the circum-Pacific metallogenic mercury province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T17:24:45.700547","indexId":"70022301","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3097,"text":"Polarforschung","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The southwestern Alaska mercury belt and its relationship to the circum-Pacific metallogenic mercury province","docAbstract":"<p>A belt of small but numerous mercury deposits extends for about 500 km in the Kuskokwim River region of southwestern Alaska. The southwestern Alaska mercury belt is part of widespread mercury deposits of the circumPacific region that are similar to other mercury deposits throughout the world because they are epithermal with formation temperatures of about 200<span>°</span>C, the ore is dominantly cinnabar with Hg-Sb-As<span>±</span>Au geochemistry, and mineralized forms include vein, vein breccias, stockworks, replacements, and disseminations. The southwestern Alaska mercury belt has produced about 1,400 t of mercury, which is small on an international scale. However, additional mercury deposits are likely to be discovered because the terrain is topographically low with significant vegetation cover. Anomalous concentrations of gold in cinnabar ore suggest that gold deposits are possible in higher temperature environments below some of the Alaska mercury deposits. We correlate mineralization of the southwestern Alaska mercury deposits with Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary igneous activity. Our 40Ar/39Ar ages of 70<span>±</span>3 Ma from hydrothermal sericites in the mercury deposits indicate a temporal association of igneous activity and mineralization. Furthermore, we suggest that our geological and geochemical data from the mercury deposits indicate that ore fluids were generated primarily in surrounding sedimentary wall rocks when they were cut by Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary intrusions. In our ore genesis model, igneous activity provided the heat to initiate dehydration reactions and expel fluids from hydrous minerals and formational waters in the surrounding sedimentary wall rocks, causing thermal convection and hydrothermal fluid flow through permeable rocks and along fractures and faults. Our isotopic data from sulfide and alteration minerals of the mercury deposits indicate that ore fluids were derived from multiple sources, with most ore fluids originating from the sedimentary wall rocks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publishing","doi":"10.2312/polarforschung.68.187","issn":"00322490","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Gent, C.A., and Snee, L., 2000, The southwestern Alaska mercury belt and its relationship to the circum-Pacific metallogenic mercury province: Polarforschung, v. 68, no. 1-3, p. 187-196, https://doi.org/10.2312/polarforschung.68.187.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"196","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405196,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.759510"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.8505859375,\n              60.941106295036136\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.796875,\n              60.941106295036136\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.796875,\n              63.24352118311121\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.8505859375,\n              63.24352118311121\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.8505859375,\n              60.941106295036136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb055e4b08c986b324dbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gent, C. A.","contributorId":17955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gent","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015953,"text":"1015953 - 2000 - Postbreeding movements of American Avocets and implications for wetland connectivity in the western Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T16:05:38","indexId":"1015953","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postbreeding movements of American Avocets and implications for wetland connectivity in the western Great Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wetlands in the western Great Basin of the United States are patchily distributed and undergo extensive seasonal and annual variation in water levels. The American Avocet (</span><i>Recurvirostra americana</i><span>) is one of many shorebird species that use these wetlands as breeding and migratory stopover sites and must adjust to variable conditions. We used radio telemetry to determine postbreeding, premigratory movement patterns of avocets throughout the region. In 1996 and 1997, 185 breeding adults were captured and fitted with radio transmitters at five breeding areas in Oregon, California, and Nevada. Regular aerial and ground surveys were conducted at the five main study areas from June through September, or until all avocets had left a site. Other wetlands in the western Great Basin also were surveyed by aircraft for the presence of radio-marked birds. Fifty-six percent of radio-marked avocets were still detected in the region at least eight weeks after capture. Each of these individuals was detected at an average of 2.1 lakes (range 0 to 6), with 74% found at more than one lake system. Forty radio-marked individuals moved at least 200 km between wetlands prior to migration, most of which dispersed northward. Male and female patterns did not differ significantly. Overall, movements may be associated with a prebasic molt, exploitation of a superabundant food source in northern lakes, and reconnaissance for future breeding efforts or staging sites. These results also demonstrate wide-ranging patterns of dispersal in this species and suggest a need for the consideration of large-scale habitat connectivity issues in establishing conservation strategies for shorebirds in the western Great Basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0290:PMOAAA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Plissner, J.H., Haig, S.M., and Oring, L., 2000, Postbreeding movements of American Avocets and implications for wetland connectivity in the western Great Basin: The Auk, v. 117, no. 2, p. 290-298, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0290:PMOAAA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"298","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479257,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0290:pmoaaa]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683a4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plissner, Jonathan H.","contributorId":44880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plissner","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oring, L.W.","contributorId":46451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oring","given":"L.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85745,"text":"85745 - 2000 - Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-18T12:45:36","indexId":"85745","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Willow Flycatcher (<i>Empidonax traillii</i>)","title":"Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Birds of North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Birds of North America, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","usgsCitation":"Sedgwick, J., 2000, Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii), chap. <i>of</i> The Birds of North America, v. 533, 33 p.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"533","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e38d1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Poole, A.","contributorId":113515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504728,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, F.","contributorId":114156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504729,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sedgwick, J.A.","contributorId":25508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedgwick","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003869,"text":"1003869 - 2000 - Lead exposure in American black ducks after implementation of non-toxic shot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T16:50:36.354633","indexId":"1003869","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead exposure in American black ducks after implementation of non-toxic shot","docAbstract":"<p>Lead poisoning from the ingestion of spent shotgun pellets has been recognized as an important disease of North American waterfowl since Bellrose's (1959) research &gt;40 years ago. Nation-wide regulations banning the use of lead shot for waterfowl hunting were established in 1991. We compared the prevalence of lead exposure in American black ducks (<i>Anas rubripes</i>) wintering on 2 areas in Tennessee before (1986-88) and after the ban (1997-99) to assess the effect of the ban on lead shot on this species. Prevalence of elevated blood lead in black ducks declined by 44% from before (11.7% prevalence) to after (6.5% prevalence) the implementation of non-toxic shot. The reduction in lead exposure was pronounced in adult black ducks (from 14.3% to 5.3%). However, prevalence in lead exposure remained similar in juvenile black ducks (from 8.2% to 8.3%). Additional evidence from lead ingestion and lead poisoning mortality events also indicates that lead exposure has declined in waterfowl in the Mississippi flyway. We believe that lead ingestion will continue to decline, despite the persistence of lead shot in some wetlands. The impact of reduced lead exposure on waterfowl populations needs to be assessed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803203","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M., and Bowers, E.F., 2000, Lead exposure in American black ducks after implementation of non-toxic shot: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 4, p. 947-953, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803203.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"947","endPage":"953","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":1016234,"text":"1016234 - 2000 - Bufo boreas (western toad). Predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T11:57:59","indexId":"1016234","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<i>Bufo boreas</i> (western toad). Predation","title":"Bufo boreas (western toad). Predation","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C., 2000, Bufo boreas (western toad). Predation: Herpetological Review, v. 31, p. 233-234.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"234","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182533,"text":"70182533 - 2000 - The patterns and characteristics of global land cover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T10:55:52","indexId":"70182533","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The patterns and characteristics of global land cover","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Spatial information for land use management","language":"English","publisher":"Gordon and Breach","publisherLocation":"London, UK","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T., 2000, The patterns and characteristics of global land cover, chap. <i>of</i> Spatial information for land use management, p. 13-24.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"13","endPage":"24","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15443e4b01ccd54fc5ed5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hill, M.","contributorId":12635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671447,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aspinall, R.","contributorId":89706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aspinall","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671448,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015319,"text":"1015319 - 2000 - Plant-herbivore-hydroperiod interactions: effects of native mammals on floodplain tree recruitment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T11:26:22","indexId":"1015319","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant-herbivore-hydroperiod interactions: effects of native mammals on floodplain tree recruitment","docAbstract":"<p>Floodplain plant–herbivore–hydroperiod interactions have received little attention despite their potential as determinants of floodplain structure and functioning. We used five types of exclosures to differentially exclude small-, medium-, and large-sized mammals from accessing Fremont cottonwood (<i>Populus deltoides</i> Marshall subsp. <i>wizlizenii</i> (Watson) Eckenwalder) seedlings and saplings growing naturally on four landform types at an alluvial reach on each of two rivers, the Green and Yampa, in Colorado and Utah. The two study reaches differed primarily as a result of flow regulation on the Green River, which began in 1962. Landforms were a rarely flooded portion of the alluvial plain, geomorphically active slow- and fast-water channel margin sites on the Yampa reach, and an aggrading side channel on the Green. Small-mammal live-trapping and observational data indicated that, with minor exceptions, the kinds of mammals eating cottonwood within each reach were identical. We monitored condition and fates of individual cottonwood plants from October 1993 through the 1997 growing season. Differences in survival and growth were noted both within and between reaches, and both due to, and independent of, mammalian herbivory. Comparisons of cottonwood growth and survivorship among exclosures and between exclosures and controls indicated that a small mammal, <i>Microtus montanus,</i> reduced seedling and sapling survivorship at the Green River reach, but to a lesser extent (seedlings) or not at all (saplings) on the Yampa reach. In contrast, reductions in sapling height increment attributable to medium- and large-sized herbivores were detected only at the Yampa site. We suggest that these differences are a result of (1) flow regulation allowing <i>Microtus</i> populations to escape the mortality normally accompanying the large, snowmelt-driven spring flood, as well as regulation promoting a herbaceous understory favorable to voles, and (2) greater browsing pressure from overwintering deer and elk at the Yampa reach, unrelated to flow regulation. Within areas used by foraging beaver, the probability of a sapling being cut by beaver was similar on the two reaches. This study suggests that changes in riparian plant–herbivore relationships due to shifts in river hydrology may be a common and important consequence of river regulation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1384:PHHIEO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., and Cooper, D., 2000, Plant-herbivore-hydroperiod interactions: effects of native mammals on floodplain tree recruitment: Ecological Applications, v. 10, no. 5, p. 1384-1399, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1384:PHHIEO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1384","endPage":"1399","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68507b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, D.J.","contributorId":89489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015320,"text":"1015320 - 2000 - Movement patterns of riparian small mammals during predictable floodplain inundation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-18T12:38:01","indexId":"1015320","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement patterns of riparian small mammals during predictable floodplain inundation","docAbstract":"<p><span>We monitored movements of small mammals resident on floodplains susceptible to spring floods to assess whether and how these animals respond to habitat inundation. The 2 floodplains were associated with 6th order river segments in a semiarid landscape; each was predictably inundated each year as snowmelt progressed in headwater areas of the Rocky Mountains. Data from live trapping, radiotelemetry, and microtopographic surveys indicated that&nbsp;</span><i>Peromyscus maniculatus, Microtus montanus,</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Dipodomys ordii</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>showed different responses to inundation, but all reflected a common tendency to remain in the original home range until “forced” to leave. The reluctance of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Dipodomys ordii</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>to abandon the home burrow often resulted in death in situ, whereas individual<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P. maniculatus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M. montanus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>moved to nearby higher ground but not necessarily toward upland. This behavior could lead to occupancy of an island that disappeared as floodwaters rose.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Peromyscus maniculatus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>climbed into sapling cottonwood, but the quality of such arboreal refuges was unclear. We found only weak support for the hypothesis that displacement was temporary; most floodplain residents, including<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P. maniculatus,</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>disappeared over the flood period. No secondary effect from flooding on adjacent upland small-mammal assemblages was detected. Our data suggest populations of facultatively riparian, nonarboreal small mammals such as<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M. montanus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>D. ordii</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>generally experience habitat inundation as a catastrophy. Terrestrial species capable of using an arboreal refuge, such as<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>P. maniculatus,</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>face a more variable risk, determined in part by timing and duration of the flood event. River regulation can affect both sets of risks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<1087:MPORSM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., Wilson, K., Miller, M.S., and Falck, M., 2000, Movement patterns of riparian small mammals during predictable floodplain inundation: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 81, no. 4, p. 1087-1099, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<1087:MPORSM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1087","endPage":"1099","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<1087:mporsm>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, K.R.","contributorId":73961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, M. S.","contributorId":69107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falck, M.","contributorId":57806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falck","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85403,"text":"85403 - 2000 - Cowbird parasitism in grassland and cropland in the northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T14:44:02.296664","indexId":"85403","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"27","title":"Cowbird parasitism in grassland and cropland in the northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"The landscape of the Great Plains has been greatly altered by human activities in the past century, and several grassland passerines have experienced significant population declines in recent decades. We explore here whether brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds, which are abundant in the Great Plains, has contributed to these declines. We measured the frequency of cowbird parasitism of passerine species in seeded grassland, natural grassland, and cropland in studies conducted in North Dakota during 1981-1993. The proportions of parasitized nests were 25%, 34%, and 39% in seeded grassland, natural grassland, and cropland, respectively. We speculate that much of the variation in parasitism rate among these habitats is related to the local abundance of cowbirds, to nest visibility, and to the presence of suitable perches for female cowbirds. Local abundance of cowbirds may be high in areas with cattle pastures. Nests and nesting behavior are probably more visible to female cowbirds in cropland than in grassland. Female cowbirds may use shrubs as perches while searching for host nests, and shrubs are more common in natural grasslands than in the other habitats we examined. Experimental work on the determinants of cowbird abundance in grasslands is needed.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and management of cowbirds and their hosts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Texas Press","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Koford, R.R., Bowen, B.S., Lokemoen, J.T., and Kruse, A.D., 2000, Cowbird parasitism in grassland and cropland in the northern Great Plains, chap. 27 <i>of</i> Ecology and management of cowbirds and their hosts, p. 229-235.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"235","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7560/777385"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680949","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Smith, James N.M.","contributorId":112693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504504,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, T.L.","contributorId":112362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504503,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rothstein, S. IU.","contributorId":113853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rothstein","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"IU.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504505,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, S.K.","contributorId":93433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504502,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sealy, S.G.","contributorId":59908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sealy","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504501,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Koford, Rolf R.","contributorId":16347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koford","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, B. S.","contributorId":42163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lokemoen, John T.","contributorId":15555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kruse, Arnold D.","contributorId":59381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1013417,"text":"1013417 - 2000 - Foods of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during winter and spring in western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T17:11:43.538314","indexId":"1013417","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Foods of arctic foxes (<i>Alopex lagopus</i>) during winter and spring in western Alaska","title":"Foods of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during winter and spring in western Alaska","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">During 1986–1991, carcasses of 619 arctic foxes (<i>Alopex lagopus</i>) collected from local trappers and at biological field camps on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska from November through May were analyzed to determine gastrointestinal contents, age, sex, and body condition. Prey in declining order of importance were small mammals (95% tundra voles,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Microtus oeconomus</i>), birds, marine mammals, and fishes. Foxes with small mammal remains in their stomachs were captured farther from the Bering Sea coast (<i>X̄</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 5.2 km) than those without small-mammal remains (2.8 km); foxes consuming remains of marine mammals were closer to the coast (1.9 km) than others (4.9 km). Although eggshells had a poor likelihood of occurrence in stomachs, they were found in all months and years. In 1986 and 1987, foxes consumed fewer small mammals than in other years. Mean ages of foxes captured in 1986 (3.7 years) and 1987 (3.2) were greater than in all other years (1.5). Capture of adults was more common as winter progressed. Indexes of subcutaneous fat decreased annually in April–May and were highest in 1991, when occurrence of carrion of marine mammals was highest.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0820:FOAFAL>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Anthony, M., Barten, N., and Seiser, P., 2000, Foods of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during winter and spring in western Alaska: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 81, no. 3, p. 820-828, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0820:FOAFAL>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"820","endPage":"828","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0820:foafal>2.3.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.7342529296875,\n              62.08845808493408\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.8331298828125,\n              61.96994329935749\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.6903076171875,\n              61.8665112570728\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.1737060546875,\n              61.82763395319926\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.97595214843747,\n              61.66902436927201\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.22314453125,\n              61.65598732543086\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.2176513671875,\n              61.54625879879804\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.0968017578125,\n              61.462394960037244\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.97595214843747,\n              61.530551549680816\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.816650390625,\n              61.478136657279336\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.014404296875,\n              61.4361411140723\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.9320068359375,\n              61.29926430596724\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.6903076171875,\n              61.26495144723964\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.6298828125,\n              61.079544234557304\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.322265625,\n              61.04765058603108\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.30029296875,\n              61.119366155705585\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.146484375,\n              61.03169171684717\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.2288818359375,\n              60.973107109199404\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.1080322265625,\n              60.88770004207789\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.9652099609375,\n              60.919754532399686\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.89929199218747,\n              60.92776312080081\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.8443603515625,\n              60.879681383571096\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.6246337890625,\n              60.92242428555193\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.5697021484375,\n              60.847586595361314\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.674072265625,\n              62.09617128406539\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.7342529296875,\n              62.08845808493408\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, M.","contributorId":41373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barten, N.K.","contributorId":99526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barten","given":"N.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seiser, P.E.","contributorId":96649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiser","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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