{"pageNumber":"3240","pageRowStart":"80975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70022853,"text":"70022853 - 2000 - Acute toxicity of fire-control chemicals, nitrogenous chemicals, and surfactants to rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T10:42:05","indexId":"70022853","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity of fire-control chemicals, nitrogenous chemicals, and surfactants to rainbow trout","docAbstract":"Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the acute toxicity of three ammonia-based fire retardants (Fire-Trol LCA-F, Fire-Trol LCM-R, and Phos-Chek 259F), five surfactant-based fire-suppressant foams (FireFoam 103B, FireFoam 104, Fire Quench, ForExpan S, and Pyrocap B-136), three nitrogenous chemicals (ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite), and two anionic surfactants (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate [LAS] and sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]) to juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in soft water. The descending rank order of toxicity (96-h concentration lethal to 50% of test organisms [96-h LC50]) for the fire retardants was as follows: Phos-Chek 259F (168 mg/L) > Fire-Trol LCA-F (942 mg/L) = Fire-Trol LCM-R (1,141 mg/L). The descending rank order of toxicity for the foams was as follows: FireFoam 103B (12.2 mg/L) = FireFoam 104 (13.0 mg/L) > ForExpan S (21.8 mg/L) > Fire Quench (39.0 mg/L) > Pyrocap B-136 [156 mg/L). Except for Pyrocap B-136, the foams were more toxic than the fire retardants. Un-ionized ammonia (NH3; 0.125 mg/L as N) was about six times more toxic than nitrite (0.79 mg/L NO2-N) and about 13,300 times more toxic than nitrate (1,658 mg/L NO3-N). Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (5.0 mg/L) was about five times more toxic than SDS (24.9 mg/L). Estimated total ammonia and NH3 concentrations at the 96-h LC50s of the fire retardants indicated that ammonia was the primary toxic component in these formulations. Based on estimated anionic surfactant concentrations at the 96-h LC50s of the foams and reference surfactants, LAS was intermediate in toxicity and SDS was less toxic to rainbow trout when compared with the foams. Comparisons of recommended application concentrations to the test results indicate that accidental inputs of these chemicals into streams require substantial dilutions (100-1,750-fold to reach concentrations nonlethal to rainbow trout.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0408:ATOFCC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Buhl, K.J., and Hamilton, S., 2000, Acute toxicity of fire-control chemicals, nitrogenous chemicals, and surfactants to rainbow trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 2, p. 408-418, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0408:ATOFCC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"418","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6dce4b0c8380cd4769b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buhl, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9963-2352 kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-2352","contributorId":1396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Kevin","email":"kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1002876,"text":"1002876 - 2000 - Mercury in the Sudbury River (Massachusetts, USA): pollution history and a synthesis of recent research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:47","indexId":"1002876","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in the Sudbury River (Massachusetts, USA): pollution history and a synthesis of recent research","docAbstract":"We review the transport, fate, and bioavailability of mercury in the Sudbury River, topics addressed in the following five papers. Mercury entered the river from an industrial complex (site) that operated from 1917 to 1978. Rates of mercury accumulation in sediment cores from two reservoirs just downstream from the site decreased soon after industrial operations ended and have decreased further since capping of contaminated soils at the site in 1991. The reservoirs contained the most contaminated sediments (some exceeding 50 mu g Hg.g dry weight(-1)) and were depositional sinks for total mercury. Methyl mercury concentrations in biota did not parallel concentrations of total mercury in the sediments to which organisms were exposed, experimentally or as residents. Contaminated wetlands within the floodplain about 25 km downstream from the site produced and exported methyl mercury from inorganic mercury that had originated from the site. Natural burial processes have gradually decreased the quantity of sedimentary mercury available for methylation within the reservoirs, whereas mercury in the lesser contaminated wetlands farther downstream has remained more available for transport, methylation, and entry into food webs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Wiener, J., and Shields, P., 2000, Mercury in the Sudbury River (Massachusetts, USA): pollution history and a synthesis of recent research: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 5, p. 1053-1061.","productDescription":"pp. 1053-1061","startPage":"1053","endPage":"1061","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624c94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shields, P.J.","contributorId":43622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shields","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022769,"text":"70022769 - 2000 - Wintering greater scaup as biomonitors of metal contamination in federal wildlife refuges in the Long Island Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022769","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wintering greater scaup as biomonitors of metal contamination in federal wildlife refuges in the Long Island Region","docAbstract":"Tissues of greater scaup (Aythya marila mariloides) and components of their habitat (sediment, plankton, macroalgae, and invertebrates) were collected for heavy metal analysis in the winter of 1996-97 from US Department of the Interior wildlife refuges in the Long Island region. Geographic and temporal relationships between the concentration of nine metals in tissue and in habitat components were examined. In greater scaup tissues and habitat components, concentrations of As and Se were highest in Branford, Connecticut; Pb values were greatest in Oyster Bay, New York; and Hg concentrations were largest in Sandy Hook, New Jersey. Over the course of the winter, the concentration of Hg in liver increased, and concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se, and Zn in kidney decreased. Based on several criteria derived from geographic and temporal trends, metals were ranked using the apparent biomonitoring efficacy of greater scaup (As = Cr > Cu = Pb = Zn = Hg > Se = Cd > Ni). Although the seasonal migration and daily mobility of greater scaup are drawbacks to using this species as a sentinel for metal pollution, it was possible to demonstrate a relationship between geographic and temporal patterns of metals in habitat and greater scaup tissue. However, most metal concentrations in tissue were below thresholds known to adversely affect health of waterfowl.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s002449910011","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Cohen, J., Barclay, J., Major, A., and Fisher, J., 2000, Wintering greater scaup as biomonitors of metal contamination in federal wildlife refuges in the Long Island Region: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 83-92, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449910011.","startPage":"83","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208128,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449910011"},{"id":233604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd167e4b08c986b32f3ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, J.B.","contributorId":29914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barclay, J.S.","contributorId":46661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barclay","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Major, A.R.","contributorId":97392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, J.P.","contributorId":105982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022852,"text":"70022852 - 2000 - Geochemical evidence for an Eolian sand dam across the North and South Platte rivers in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T11:49:53","indexId":"70022852","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for an Eolian sand dam across the North and South Platte rivers in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Geochemical and geomorphic data from dune fields in southwestern Nebraska provide new evidence that the Nebraska Sand Hills once migrated across the North and South Platte rivers and dammed the largest tributary system to the Missouri River. The Lincoln County and Imperial dune fields, which lie downwind of the South Platte River, have compositions intermediate between the Nebraska Sand Hills (quartz-rich) and northeastern Colorado dunes (K-feldspar-rich). The most likely explanation for the intermediate composition is that the Lincoln County and Imperial dunes are derived in part from the Nebraska Sand Hills and in part from the South Platte River. The only mechanism by which the Nebraska Sand Hills could have migrated this far south is by complete infilling of what were probably perennially dry North Platte and South Platte river valleys. Such a series of events would have required an extended drought, both for activation of eolian sand and decreased discharges in the Platte River system. A nearby major tributary of the North Platte River is postulated to have been blocked by eolian sand about 12,000 14C yr B.P. We propose that an eolian sand dam across the Plattes was constructed at about this same time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1999.2104","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., Swinehart, J.B., Loope, D.B., Been, J., Mahan, S., and Bush, C.A., 2000, Geochemical evidence for an Eolian sand dam across the North and South Platte rivers in Nebraska: Quaternary Research, v. 53, no. 2, p. 214-222, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2104.","startPage":"214","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208200,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2104"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a162de4b0c8380cd55095","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swinehart, James B.","contributorId":85270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swinehart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loope, David B.","contributorId":59589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Been, Josh","contributorId":19340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Been","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bush, Charles A. cbush@usgs.gov","contributorId":1258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"cbush@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1002690,"text":"1002690 - 2000 - Growth and invasive potential of Sapium sebiferum (Euphorbiaceae) within the coastal prairie region: the effects of soil and moisture regime","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T12:32:30","indexId":"1002690","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and invasive potential of Sapium sebiferum (Euphorbiaceae) within the coastal prairie region: the effects of soil and moisture regime","docAbstract":"The introduced tree Sapium sebiferum (Euphorbiaceae) is considered a serious threat to the preservation of the coastal prairie region of Louisiana and Texas, although it is currently uncommon in the western part of the region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of location, soils, and available moisture on the growth and survival of S. sebiferum in coastal prairie. In a field experiment, S. sebiferum mortality was significantly greater at a western site than at central and eastern sites. The greatest mortality and least growth of surviving plants occurred on a soil from the western region, regardless of site. A greenhouse study also found that S. sebiferum growth was lowest on the western soil. Watering frequency significantly affected S. sebiferum growth, except on the western soil. Sapium sebiferum growth responded to both nitrogen and phosphorum additions for all soils. Soil analyses revealed the highest sand, sodium, and phosphorus contents, and much higher electrical conductivity in the western soil. It is concluded that the soil examined from the western region is unfavorable for S. sebiferum growth, though not to the extent to preclude S. sebiferum completely. Evidence suggests that soil salinity may be the primary cause of the poor S. sebiferum growth at the western site.","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/2656646","usgsCitation":"Barrilleaux, T., and Grace, J., 2000, Growth and invasive potential of Sapium sebiferum (Euphorbiaceae) within the coastal prairie region: the effects of soil and moisture regime: American Journal of Botany, v. 87, no. 8, p. 1099-1106, https://doi.org/10.2307/2656646.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1099","endPage":"1106","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -95.49316406249999,\n 30.6662659463233\n ],\n [\n -96.2841796875,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -98.052978515625,\n 27.586197857692664\n ],\n [\n -97.6025390625,\n 27.15692045688088\n ],\n [\n -97.44873046875,\n 27.771051193172273\n ],\n [\n -94.735107421875,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -91.417236328125,\n 29.773913869992242\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 30.713503990354965\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697cdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrilleaux, T.C.","contributorId":34482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrilleaux","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1002689,"text":"1002689 - 2000 - Fate of oxygen losses from Typha domingensis (Typhaceae) and Cladium jamaicense (Cyperaceae) and consequences for root metabolism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T09:58:21","indexId":"1002689","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of oxygen losses from Typha domingensis (Typhaceae) and Cladium jamaicense (Cyperaceae) and consequences for root metabolism","docAbstract":"The objective of this work was to determine whether radial oxygen loss (ROL) from roots of Typha domingensis and Cladium jamaicense creates an internal oxygen deficiency or, conversely, indicates adequate internal aeration and leakage of excess oxygen to the rhizosphere. Methylene blue in agar was used to quantify oxygen leakage. Typha's roots had a higher porosity than Cladium's and responded to flooding treatment by increasing cortical air space, particularly near the root tips. A greater oxygen release, which occurred along the subapical root axis, and an increase in rhizosphere redox potential (Eh) over time were associated with the well-developed aerenchyma system in Typha. Typha roots, regardless of oxygen release pattern, showed low or undetectable alcohol dehydrogenage (ADH) activity or ethanol concentrations, indicating that ROL did not cause internal deficiencies. Cladium roots also releases oxygen, but this loss primarily occurred at the root tips and was accompanied by increased root ADH activity and ethanol concentrations. These results support the hypothesis that oxygen release by Cladium is accompanied by internal deficiencies of oxygen sufficient to stimulate alcoholic fermentation and helps explain Cladium's lesser flood tolerance in comparison with Typha.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/2656644","usgsCitation":"Chabbi, A., McKee, K., and Mendelssohn, I., 2000, Fate of oxygen losses from Typha domingensis (Typhaceae) and Cladium jamaicense (Cyperaceae) and consequences for root metabolism: American Journal of Botany, v. 87, no. 8, p. 1081-1090, https://doi.org/10.2307/2656644.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1081","endPage":"1090","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f7366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chabbi, A.","contributorId":71145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chabbi","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, K.L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":77113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mendelssohn, I.A.","contributorId":24317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendelssohn","given":"I.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022770,"text":"70022770 - 2000 - Hypoxia tolerance of introduced Nile perch: Implications for survival of indigenous fishes in the Lake Victoria basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-10T16:57:22.908949","indexId":"70022770","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":673,"text":"African Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hypoxia tolerance of introduced Nile perch: Implications for survival of indigenous fishes in the Lake Victoria basin","docAbstract":"

The introduction of predatory Nile perch (Lates niloticus) into the Lake Victoria basin coincided with a dramatic decline in fish diversity. However, remnant populations of indigenous fishes persist in lagoons and satellite lakes separated from the main lakes by extensive areas of swamp, while other indigenous species find refuge in ecotonal areas at edges of marginal swamps in the main lakes. Low-oxygen conditions in these wetlands may physiologically stress Nile perch and therefore minimize its interaction with prey species. This study examined the low-oxygen tolerance of Nile perch collected from Lake Nabugabo, Uganda, by documenting behavioural and physiological strategies that relate to oxygen uptake. In response to hypoxia, Nile perch used aquatic surface respiration (ASR) at the air–water interface, ventilating their gills with water from the surface. However, several lines of evidence suggest that Nile perch in Lake Nabugabo are inefficient at ASR and relatively intolerant of low oxygen conditions. These include high thresholds for ASR relative to other indigenous fishes of the Lake Victoria basin, no decrease in gill ventilation rate with the onset of ASR, a faster time to loss of equilibrium in hypoxic conditions than other species from the region, and a high critical oxygen tension (24 mm Hg).

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2000.11407189","issn":"15627020","usgsCitation":"Schofield, P.J., and Chapman, L.J., 2000, Hypoxia tolerance of introduced Nile perch: Implications for survival of indigenous fishes in the Lake Victoria basin: African Zoology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 35-42, https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2000.11407189.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda","otherGeospatial":"Lake Victoria, Lake Victoria Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 32.508544921875,\n 0.36254640877526295\n ],\n [\n 30.344238281249996,\n 0.17578097424708533\n ],\n [\n 30.30029296875,\n -0.12084951976865409\n ],\n [\n 29.70703125,\n -0.6591651462894504\n ],\n [\n 29.68505859375,\n -1.1864386394452024\n ],\n [\n 29.542236328124996,\n -1.5818302639606454\n ],\n [\n 29.564208984375,\n -2.0210651187669897\n ],\n [\n 29.377441406249996,\n -2.471157337748159\n ],\n [\n 29.553222656249996,\n -3.074695072369682\n ],\n [\n 29.959716796875004,\n -3.6449998008920375\n ],\n [\n 30.41015625,\n -3.436658158559079\n ],\n [\n 30.838623046875,\n -3.074695072369682\n ],\n [\n 31.651611328125004,\n -4.039617826768424\n ],\n [\n 32.5634765625,\n -4.291635632570904\n ],\n [\n 32.794189453125,\n -3.9957805129630253\n ],\n [\n 33.387451171875,\n -3.930020157111463\n ],\n [\n 33.804931640625,\n -3.9957805129630253\n ],\n [\n 34.420166015625,\n -4.127285323245357\n ],\n [\n 34.639892578125,\n -3.7107820043487076\n ],\n [\n 35.04638671874999,\n -3.46955730306146\n ],\n [\n 35.35400390625,\n -3.184394492338734\n ],\n [\n 35.5517578125,\n -2.7016350479445204\n ],\n [\n 35.5517578125,\n -2.460181181020993\n ],\n [\n 35.65063476562499,\n -2.1857489471296665\n ],\n [\n 35.859375,\n -2.0320445754194307\n ],\n [\n 36.002197265625,\n -1.7575368113083125\n ],\n [\n 35.9912109375,\n -1.5598658653430082\n ],\n [\n 36.265869140625,\n -1.1754546449158993\n ],\n [\n 35.914306640625,\n -0.39550467153200675\n ],\n [\n 35.595703125,\n 0.15380840901698828\n ],\n [\n 35.61767578125,\n 0.39550467153201946\n ],\n [\n 35.496826171875,\n 0.5712795966325395\n ],\n [\n 35.562744140625,\n 1.0106897682409128\n ],\n [\n 35.364990234375,\n 1.3731595449619909\n ],\n [\n 34.80468749999999,\n 1.2743089918452106\n ],\n [\n 34.541015625,\n 1.142502403706165\n ],\n [\n 34.595947265625,\n 0.6591651462894632\n ],\n [\n 34.464111328125,\n 0.4833927027896987\n ],\n [\n 34.1015625,\n 0.4833927027896987\n ],\n [\n 33.321533203125,\n 0.6371938961998853\n ],\n [\n 33.101806640625,\n 0.615222552406841\n ],\n [\n 32.926025390625,\n 0.3076157096439005\n ],\n [\n 32.508544921875,\n 0.36254640877526295\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37c1e4b0c8380cd61128","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797 pschofield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":168659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela","email":"pschofield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Lauren J.","contributorId":103517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1002590,"text":"1002590 - 2000 - A method for measuring vertical accretion, elevation, and compaction of soft, shallow-water sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T12:41:20","indexId":"1002590","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for measuring vertical accretion, elevation, and compaction of soft, shallow-water sediments","docAbstract":"High-resolution measures of vertical accretion, elevation, and compaction of shallow-water sediments are fundamental to understanding the processes that control elevation change and the mechanisms of progradation (e.g., development of mudflats and intertidal wetlands) in coastal systems. Yet, measurements of elevation by traditional survey methods often are of low accuracy because of the compressible nature of the substrates. Nor do they provide measures of vertical accretion or sediment compaction. This paper evaluates the use in shallow-water systems of an approach designed to measure these variables in vegetated wetlands. The approach employs simultaneous measures of elevation from temporary benchmarks using a sedimentation-erosion table (SET) and vertical accretion from marker horizons with sediment cores collected with a cryogenic coring apparatus. The measures are made with a level of resolution sufficient to distinguish between the influence of surface and subsurface processes on elevation, thus providing quantitative estimates of shallow subsidence. The SET-marker horizon approach was evaluated on a developing splay created by an artificial crevasse of a distributary in the Mississippi River delta. The approach provided high-resolution measures of vertical accretion (48.3 ' 2.0 cm.) and elevation (36.7 ' 1.6 cm) over a 4-year period, with the difference between the two indicating the amount of shallow subsidence. In addition, by laying new marker horizons in later years, the approach provided rates not only of shallow subsidence (3.9 ' 0.5 cm y-1) but also compaction of newly deposited seiments (2.1 ' 0.6 cm y-1) and compaction of underlying sediments (1.8 ' 2.0 cm y-1 ) over a two-year period. Hence, the SET-marker horizon approach has widespread applicability in both emergent wetland and shallow water environments for providing high resolution measures of the processes controlling elevation change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/020800701250","usgsCitation":"Cahoon, D.R., Marin, P., Black, B., and Lynch, J., 2000, A method for measuring vertical accretion, elevation, and compaction of soft, shallow-water sediments: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 70, no. 5, p. 1250-1253, https://doi.org/10.1306/020800701250.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1250","endPage":"1253","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15424,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/020800701250","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7009.000000000000000"}],"volume":"70","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae0cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marin, P.E.","contributorId":93449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marin","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Black, B.K.","contributorId":12009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lynch, J.C.","contributorId":25104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1002589,"text":"1002589 - 2000 - A flow cytometric approach to the study of crustacean cellular immunity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:48","indexId":"1002589","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2361,"text":"Journal of Invertebrate Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A flow cytometric approach to the study of crustacean cellular immunity","docAbstract":"Responses of hemocytes from the crayfish Procambarus zonangulus to stimulation by fungal cell walls (Zymosan A) were measured by flow cytometry. Changes in hemocyte physical characteristics were assessed flow cytometrically using forward- and sidescatter light parameters, and viability was measured by two-color fluorescent staining with calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer 1. The main effects of zymosan A on crayfish hemocytes were reduction in cell size and viability compared to control mixtures (hemocytes in buffer only). Adding diethyldithiocarbamic acid, an inhibitor of phenoloxidase, to hemocyte to zymosan mixtures delayed the time course of cell size reduction and cell death compared to zymosan-positive controls. The inclusion of trypsin inhibitor in reaction mixtures further delayed the reduction in hemocyte size and cell death, thereby indicating that a proteolytic cascade, along with prophenoloxidase activation, played a key role in generating signal molecules which mediate these cellular responses. In addition to traditional methods such as microscopy and protein chemistry, flow cytometry can provide a simple, reproducible, and sensitve method for evaluating invertebrate hemocyte responses to immunological stimuli.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Invertebrate Pathology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jipa.2000.4960","usgsCitation":"Cardenas, W., Jenkins, J., and Dankert, J., 2000, A flow cytometric approach to the study of crustacean cellular immunity: Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v. 76, no. 2, p. 112-119, https://doi.org/10.1006/jipa.2000.4960.","productDescription":"p. 112-119","startPage":"112","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15639,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jipa.2000.4960","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7013.000000000000000"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cardenas, W.","contributorId":81863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardenas","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, J.A. 0000-0002-5087-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":51703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dankert, J.R.","contributorId":16800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dankert","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001910,"text":"1001910 - 2000 - Seasonal-range forecasting of the ozark climate by a principal component regression scheme with antecedent sea surface temperatures and upper air conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T16:50:44.702465","indexId":"1001910","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":920,"text":"Atmósfera","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal-range forecasting of the ozark climate by a principal component regression scheme with antecedent sea surface temperatures and upper air conditions","docAbstract":"

On the basis of principal component analysis of long-term climatological records, regression models are formulated and forecast experiments are conducted for monthly temperature and precipitation of the Ozark Highlands area, a large area of low mountains and plateau in the south central midwestern United States. Predictors include global sea surface temperatures, hemispheric upper air fields and the local climate observations. The experiments for all months of the year are performed with the data from continuous 15-year segments of 1961-75 to 1980-94 for those years beyond the respective data segments. Relationships between regional-scale and large-scale climate variables are investigated by cross-correlation analysis to identify useful teleconnections for seasonal-range forecasting. The predictability of the Ozark Highlands climate is examined with the multiple linear regression scheme and the principal component regression scheme. It is shown that the forecast performance by the latter is superior to that of the former. The results of the extensive forecast experiments reveal the useful and stable predictability of the Ozark Highlands climate elements. The validity of the forecasting models is verified for up to 10 years after the data period of regression formulation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., and Kung, E., 2000, Seasonal-range forecasting of the ozark climate by a principal component regression scheme with antecedent sea surface temperatures and upper air conditions: Atmósfera, v. 13, p. 223-244.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"244","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.revistascca.unam.mx/atm/index.php/atm/article/view/8469"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Ozark Highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.284912109375,\n 36.474306755095235\n ],\n [\n -92.87841796875,\n 36.474306755095235\n ],\n [\n -92.87841796875,\n 36.79169061907076\n ],\n [\n -93.284912109375,\n 36.79169061907076\n ],\n [\n -93.284912109375,\n 36.474306755095235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.W.","contributorId":60582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kung, E.C.","contributorId":85117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kung","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022851,"text":"70022851 - 2000 - Bioavailability of particle-associated silver, cadmium, and zinc to the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus through dietary ingestion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022851","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioavailability of particle-associated silver, cadmium, and zinc to the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus through dietary ingestion","docAbstract":"We conducted experiments to determine effects of particle type on assimilatory metal bioavailability to Leptocheirus plumulosus, an infaunal, estuarine amphipod that is commonly used in sediment toxicity tests. The following particles were used to represent natural food items encountered by this surface-deposit and suspension-feeding amphipod: bacterial exopolymeric sediment coatings, polymeric coatings made from Spartina alterniflora extract, amorphous iron oxide coatings, the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, the chlorophyte Dunaliella tertiolecta, processed estuarine sediment, and fresh estuarine sediment. Bioavailability of the gamma-emitting radioisotopes 110mAg, 109Cd, and 65Zn was measured as the efficiency with which L. plumulosus assimilated metals from particles using pulse-chase methods. Ag and Cd assimilation efficiencies were highest from bacterial exopolymeric coatings. Zn assimilation efficiency exhibited considerable interexperimental variation; the highest Zn assimilation efficiencies were measured from phytoplankton and processed sediment. In general, Ag and Cd assimilation efficiencies from phytoplankton were low and not related to the proportion of metal associated with cell cytosol or cytoplasm, a phenomenon reported for other particle-ingesting invertebrates. Amphipod digestive processes explain differences in Ag and Cd assimilation efficiencies between exopolymeric coatings and phytoplankton. Results highlight the importance of labile polymeric organic carbon sediment coatings in dietary metals uptake by this benthic invertebrate, rather than recalcitrant organic carbon, mineralogical features such as iron oxides, or phytoplankton.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Schlekat, C., Decho, A.W., and Chandler, G., 2000, Bioavailability of particle-associated silver, cadmium, and zinc to the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus through dietary ingestion: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 45, no. 1, p. 11-21.","startPage":"11","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f13ee4b0c8380cd4ab10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlekat, C.E.","contributorId":89683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlekat","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Decho, Alan W.","contributorId":22107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decho","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chandler, G.T.","contributorId":30392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022850,"text":"70022850 - 2000 - Circulation and sediment transport in the vicinity of the Hudson Shelf Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T11:41:25","indexId":"70022850","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3160,"text":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Circulation and sediment transport in the vicinity of the Hudson Shelf Valley","docAbstract":"Sediment transport in the Hudson Shelf Valley and on the adjacent Long Island Shelf are evaluated using available data along with a three-dimensional wind-driven circulation model and a one-dimensional sediment transport model. Winds from the northwest drive currents up the Hudson Shelf Valley, while winds from the east produce weaker currents directed down the valley. Consistent with previous studies, sediment transport on the Long Island Shelf is dominated by resuspension during energetic wave events that are correlated with strong winds from the northeast, and net sediment flux is predicted to be towards the southwest along bathymetric contours. Transport of muddy sediments in the Hudson Shelf Valley, however, does not appear to be wave-dominated. These sediments are most likely to be resuspended by energetic currents driven by strong winds from the northwest that are not associated with energetic waves. The strong up-valley flows associated with these winds implies that net sediment flux along the Hudson Shelf Valley is up-valley.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Estuarine Coastal Modeling","conferenceDate":"November 3-5, 1999","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Harris, C.K., and Signell, R.P., 2000, Circulation and sediment transport in the vicinity of the Hudson Shelf Valley: Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, p. 380-394.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"394","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f604e4b0c8380cd4c552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Courtney K.","contributorId":19620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6708,"text":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022849,"text":"70022849 - 2000 - Diagnosis of duck plague in waterfowl by polymerase chain reaction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T16:57:59.697141","indexId":"70022849","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnosis of duck plague in waterfowl by polymerase chain reaction","docAbstract":"A recently developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used for diagnosis of duck plague in waterfowl tissues from past and current cases of waterfowl mortality and to identify duck plague virus in combined cloacal/oral-pharyngeal swab samples from healthy mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) after a disease outbreak. The PCR was able to detect viral DNA from all the individual or pooled tissues assayed from 10 waterfowl, including liver and spleen samples from three Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata domesticus) that did not yield virus isolates. The strong staining intensity of the PCR products from the waterfowl tissues indicated that large amounts of virus were present, even when virus was not isolated. Duck plague DNA was also detected in a cloacal swab sample from a wood duck (Aix sponsa) carcass submitted for diagnosis. The PCR assay identified duck plague DNA in 13 swab samples that produced virus isolates from carrier mallards sampled in 1981 after a duck plague die-off. The duck plague PCR clearly demonstrated the ability to quickly diagnose duck plague in suspect mortality cases and to detect virus shed by carrier waterfowl.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1592539","issn":"00052086","usgsCitation":"Hansen, W.R., Nashold, S., Docherty, D.E., Brown, S., and Knudson, D., 2000, Diagnosis of duck plague in waterfowl by polymerase chain reaction: Avian Diseases, v. 44, no. 2, p. 266-274, https://doi.org/10.2307/1592539.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"274","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a009ce4b0c8380cd4f80e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, W. R.","contributorId":59378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nashold, S.W.","contributorId":87509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nashold","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Docherty, D. E.","contributorId":83469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, S.E.","contributorId":80868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knudson, D.L.","contributorId":38120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022847,"text":"70022847 - 2000 - Flow cytometric evaluation of antibiotic effects on viability and mitochondrial function of refrigerated spermatozoa of Nile tilapia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022847","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3594,"text":"Theriogenology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow cytometric evaluation of antibiotic effects on viability and mitochondrial function of refrigerated spermatozoa of Nile tilapia","docAbstract":"Improved techniques for storage and evaluation of fish sperm would enhance breeding programs around the world. The goal of this study was to test the effect of antibiotics on refrigerated sperm from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by use of flow cytometry with 2 dual-staining protocols for objective assessment of sperm quality. Concentrations of 1 x 109 sperm/mL were suspended in Ringer's buffer at 318 mOsmol/kg (pH 8.0). The fluorescent stains Sybr 14 (10 ??M), propidium iodide (2.4 mM), and rhodamine 123 (0.13 ??M) were used to assess cell viability and mitochondrial function. Three concentrations of ampicillin, gentamicin, and an antibiotic/antimycotic solution were added to fresh spermatozoa. Motility estimates and flow cytometry measurements were made daily during 7 d of refrigerated storage (4 ??C). The highest concentrations of gentamicin and antibiotic/antimycotic and all 3 concentrations of ampicillin significantly reduced sperm viability. The highest of each of the 3 antibiotic concentrations significantly reduced mitochondrial function. This study demonstrates that objective sperm quality assessments can be made using flow cytometry and that addition of antibiotics at appropriate concentrations can lengthen refrigerated storage time for tilapia spermatozoa. With minor modifications, these protocols can be adapted for use with sperm from other species and with other tissue types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Theriogenology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00291-0","issn":"0093691X","usgsCitation":"Segovia, M., Jenkins, J., Paniagua-Chavez, C., and Tiersch, T., 2000, Flow cytometric evaluation of antibiotic effects on viability and mitochondrial function of refrigerated spermatozoa of Nile tilapia: Theriogenology, v. 53, no. 7, p. 1489-1499, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00291-0.","startPage":"1489","endPage":"1499","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208167,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00291-0"}],"volume":"53","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1240e4b0c8380cd5422a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Segovia, M.","contributorId":68507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segovia","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, J.A. 0000-0002-5087-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":51703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paniagua-Chavez, C.","contributorId":63996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paniagua-Chavez","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tiersch, T.R.","contributorId":76051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiersch","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022846,"text":"70022846 - 2000 - Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:42:50","indexId":"70022846","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data","docAbstract":"

Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Nebraska-Lincoln and the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy produced a 1 km resolution global land cover characteristics database for use in a wide range of continental-to global-scale environmental studies. This database provides a unique view of the broad patterns of the biogeographical and ecoclimatic diversity of the global land surface, and presents a detailed interpretation of the extent of human development. The project was carried out as an International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Data and Information Systems (IGBP-DIS) initiative. The IGBP DISCover global land cover product is an integral component of the global land cover database. DISCover includes 17 general land cover classes defined to meet the needs of IGBP core science projects. A formal accuracy assessment of the DISCover data layer will be completed in 1998. The 1 km global land cover database was developed through a continent-by-continent unsupervised classification of 1 km monthly Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composites covering 1992-1993. Extensive post-classification stratification was necessary to resolve spectral/temporal confusion between disparate land cover types. The complete global database consists of 961 seasonal land cover regions that capture patterns of land cover, seasonality and relative primary productivity. The seasonal land cover regions were aggregated to produce seven separate land cover data sets used for global environmental modelling and assessment. The data sets include IGBP DISCover, U.S. Geological Survey Anderson System, Simple Biosphere Model, Simple Biosphere Model 2, Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme, Olson Ecosystems and Running Global Remote Sensing Land Cover. The database also includes all digital sources that were used in the classification. The complete database can be sourced from the website: http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/landdaac/glcc/glcc.html.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/014311600210191","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T., Reed, B., Brown, J.F., Ohlen, D., Zhu, Z., Yang, L., and Merchant, J., 2000, Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 21, no. 6-7, p. 1303-1330, https://doi.org/10.1080/014311600210191.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1303","endPage":"1330","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286979,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014311600210191"},{"id":233645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a003ae4b0c8380cd4f655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, B. C. 0000-0002-1132-7178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":55594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ohlen, D.O.","contributorId":72371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Merchant, J.W.","contributorId":75694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merchant","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70022844,"text":"70022844 - 2000 - Silurian K-bentonites of the Dnestr Basin, Podolia, Ukraine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T17:59:13.162682","indexId":"70022844","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Silurian K-bentonites of the Dnestr Basin, Podolia, Ukraine","docAbstract":"The Dnestr Basin of Podolia, Ukraine, is an epicratonic basin consisting of neritic carbonate and calcareous mudstone facies including a nearly complete Silurian sequence ranging from late Llandovery to late Pridoli in age. The Silurian section has served as a standard for regional and interregional studies as a consequence of its well-documented macro- and microfaunal assemblages. Approximately 24 mid- to Late Silurian K-bentonites are present in this succession, and their lateral persistence has aided in establishing regional correlations. The K-bentonites range from 1 to 40 cm in thickness and occur in the Bagovitsa (late Wenlock), Malinovtsy (Ludlow) and Skala (Pridoli) Formations. Discrimination diagrams based on immobile trace elements together with rare earth element data suggest the K-bentonites had a volcanic origin in a collision margin setting related to subduction. Thickness and stratigraphic distribution considerations are consistent with a source area in the Rheic Ocean.","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society","doi":"10.1144/jgs.157.2.493","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Huff, W., Bergstrom, S., and Kolata, D.R., 2000, Silurian K-bentonites of the Dnestr Basin, Podolia, Ukraine: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 157, no. 2, p. 493-504, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs.157.2.493.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"504","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Unkraine","otherGeospatial":"Dnestr Basin, Podolia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 27.79541015625,\n 48.436489955944154\n ],\n [\n 28.19091796875,\n 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W.D.","contributorId":48327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergstrom, Stig M.","contributorId":80832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstrom","given":"Stig M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolata, Dennis R.","contributorId":79495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolata","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001883,"text":"1001883 - 2000 - Assessing factors that may predispose Minnesota farms to wolf predation on cattle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:38:38","indexId":"1001883","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing factors that may predispose Minnesota farms to wolf predation on cattle","docAbstract":"Wolf (Canis lupus) depredations on livestock cause considerable conflict and expense in Minnesota. Furthermore, claims are made that such depredations are fostered by the type of animal husbandry practiced. Thus, we tried to detect factors that might predispose farms in Minnesota to wolf depredations. We compared results of interviews with 41 cattle farmers experiencing chronic cattle losses to wolves (chronic farms) with results from 41 nearby matched farms with no wolf losses to determine farm characteristics or husbandry practices that differed and that therefore might have affected wolf depredations. We also used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to detect any habitat differences between the 2 types of farms. We found no differences between chronic and matched farms in the 11 farm characteristics and management practices that we surveyed, except that farms with chronic losses were larger, had more cattle, and had herds farther from human dwellings. Habitat types were the same around farms with and without losses. The role of proper carcass disposal as a possible factor predisposing farms to wolf depredations remains unclear","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., Harper, E.K., Meier, T., and Paul, W., 2000, Assessing factors that may predispose Minnesota farms to wolf predation on cattle: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, no. 3, p. 623-629.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"629","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672af8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, E. K.","contributorId":19113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, T.J.","contributorId":66632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paul, W.J.","contributorId":60579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001872,"text":"1001872 - 2000 - Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in northeastern Minnesota?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:32:47","indexId":"1001872","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in northeastern Minnesota?","docAbstract":"We used simple linear regression to analyze 8-23 years of data on a wolf (Canis lupus) population and human harvest of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) bucks in northeastern Minnesota to determine any effects of wolves on buck harvesting. Over the long term, wolves accounted for at least 14-22% of the inter-year variation in buck harvest in the region, but an unknown amount of variation in hunter effort may have obscured any more precise estimate. For part of the area with poorest habitat, we found strong inverse relationships (r2 = 0.66-0.84) between annual wolf numbers and buck harvests from 1988 to 1995 when hunting pressure was considered relatively constant. However, in better habitat, where our buck harvest sample was larger, we found no evidence of wolves influencing buck harvest. Our findings tend to confirm the suitability of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resource's deer harvest regulations for a sustainable yield.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802982","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., and Nelson, M.E., 2000, Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in northeastern Minnesota?: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 129-136, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802982.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d81f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Michael E.","contributorId":7397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001871,"text":"1001871 - 2000 - Identifying predators and fates of grassland passerine nests using miniature video cameras","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:09:08","indexId":"1001871","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying predators and fates of grassland passerine nests using miniature video cameras","docAbstract":"Nest fates, causes of nest failure, and identities of nest predators are difficult to determine for grassland passerines. We developed a miniature video-camera system for use in grasslands and deployed it at 69 nests of 10 passerine species in North Dakota during 1996-97. Abandonment rates were higher at nests <1 day after camera deployment (23%) than <1 day after nests were found (2%, P = 0.001). Most birds returned to nests 30 min after camera deployment, but clay-colored sparrows (Spizella pallida) took longer to return to nests than other species (P = 0.035). Cameras did not appear to increase nest predation rates. We videotaped predation by 11 species at 29 nests: eggs or nestlings were destroyed by mice, ground squirrels, weasel, badgers, canids, deer, cowbirds, and hawks. All eggs or nestlings were removed in <15 min at 14 depredated nests. Contents were removed during >1 day or night (22-116 hr) at 6 nests, 5 of which were depredated by ground squirrels or mice. For nests without cameras, estimated predation rates were lower for ground nests than aboveground nests (P = 0.055), but did not differ between open and covered nests (P = 0.74). Open and covered nests differed, however, when predation risk (estimated by initial-predation rate) was examined separately for day and night using camera-monitored nests; the frequency of initial predations that occurred during the day was higher for open nests than covered nests (P = 0.015). Thus, vulnerability of some nest types may depend on the relative importance of nocturnal and diurnal predators. Predation risk increased with nestling age from 0 to 8 days (P = 0.07). Up to 15% of fates assigned to camera-monitored nests were wrong when based solely on evidence that would have been available from periodic nest visits. There was no evidence of disturbance at nearly half the depredated nests, including all 5 depredated by large mammals. Overlap in types of sign left by different predator species, and variability of sign within species, suggests that evidence at nests is unreliable for identifying predators of grassland passerines.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802976","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., and Granfors, D.A., 2000, Identifying predators and fates of grassland passerine nests using miniature video cameras: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 71-87, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802976.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c754","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. ppietz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela J.","email":"ppietz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granfors, Diane A.","contributorId":174567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granfors","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001870,"text":"1001870 - 2000 - Surface water quality of the major drainage basins of Big Thicket National Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T11:35:00","indexId":"1001870","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3534,"text":"Texas Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface water quality of the major drainage basins of Big Thicket National Preserve","docAbstract":"

Surface water quality was monitored at 19 stations (2-4 week intervals) in six drainage basins of Big Thicket National Preserve of east Texas between 1996 and 1999. The parameters monitored were temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, current speed, light attenuation, chlorophyll a and concentrations of ammonium, ortho-phosphate, nitrate and nitrite. The best water quality (low nutrients and chlorophyll a; no hypoxia) was found in the Big Sandy Creek, Turkey Creek and Village Creek systems. Water quality in the Neches River was also generally good except for instances of moderate algal blooms. The Pine Island Bayou system, however, typically showed poor water quality. Very low current velocities and high concentrations of nutrients promoted massive spring plankton blooms (chlorophyll a in excess of 100 μg L-1) and subsequent hypoxia/anoxia (dissolved oxygen less than 5 mg L-1). In this system, hypoxia occurred as early as April and as late as December.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rizzo, W., Rafferty, P., and Segura, M., 2000, Surface water quality of the major drainage basins of Big Thicket National Preserve: Texas Journal of Science, v. 52, no. 4, p. 79-92.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rizzo, W.M.","contributorId":104849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzo","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rafferty, P.","contributorId":98672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Segura, M.R.","contributorId":51244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segura","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001858,"text":"1001858 - 2000 - Wolf-bison interactions in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:32:47","indexId":"1001858","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wolf-bison interactions in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"

We studied interactions of reintroduced wolves (Canis lupus) with bison (Bison bison) in Yellowstone National Park. Only 2 of 41 wolves in this study had been exposed to bison before their translocation. Wolves were more successful killing elk (Cervus elaphus) than bison, and elk were more abundant than bison, so elk were the primary prey of wolves. Except for a lone emaciated bison calf killed by 8 1-year-old wolves 21 days after their release, the 1st documented kill occurred 25 months after wolves were released. Fourteen bison kills were documented from April 1995 through March 1999. All kills were made in late winter when bison were vulnerable because of poor condition or of bison that were injured or young. Wolves learned to kill bison and killed more bison where elk were absent or scarce. We predict that wolves that have learned to kill bison will kill them more regularly, at least in spring. The results of this study indicate how adaptable wolves are at killing prey species new to them.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<1128:WBIIYN>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.W., Mech, L.D., Meagher, M., Clark, W.E., Jaffe, R., Phillips, M., and Mack, J., 2000, Wolf-bison interactions in Yellowstone National Park: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 81, no. 4, p. 1128-1135, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<1128:WBIIYN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1128","endPage":"1135","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e132b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Douglas W.","contributorId":95727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meagher, Mary","contributorId":50454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meagher","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Wendy E.","contributorId":149969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaffe, Rosemary","contributorId":16295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Rosemary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Phillips, Michael K.","contributorId":77475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Michael K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mack, John A.","contributorId":102818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1001856,"text":"1001856 - 2000 - Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:01:26","indexId":"1001856","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"We examined the relationship between local water conditions (measured as the percent of total area of basins that was covered by water) and clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Gadwalls (A. strepera) on four study sites in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1988-1994. We also examined the relationship between pond density and clutch size of Mallards and Gadwalls, using data collected at another North Dakota site, 1966-1981. For Mallards, we found no relationships to be significant. For Gadwalls, clutch size increased with percent basin area wet and pond density; hatchling mass marginally increased with percent basin area wet. These species differences may reflect, in part, that Mallards acquire lipid reserves used to produce early clutches before they reach the breeding grounds, whereas Gadwalls acquire lipid reserves locally; thus Gadwall clutches are more likely to be influenced by local food resources.","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0936:EOWCOC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., Krapu, G.L., Buhl, D.A., and Brandt, D.A., 2000, Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region: Condor, v. 102, p. 936-940, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0936:EOWCOC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"936","endPage":"940","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0936:eowcoc]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ff7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. ppietz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela J.","email":"ppietz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L. 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":3074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, Deborah A. 0000-0002-8563-5990 dbuhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":3182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Deborah","email":"dbuhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brandt, David A. dbrandt@usgs.gov","contributorId":147142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"David","email":"dbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001838,"text":"1001838 - 2000 - Habitat use and reproductive success of western snowy plovers at new nesting areas created for California least terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:07:10","indexId":"1001838","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and reproductive success of western snowy plovers at new nesting areas created for California least terns","docAbstract":"The Pacific coast population of western snowy plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1993 and its decline is primarily attributed to habitat loss. In southern California, snowy plovers typically nest in association with federally endangered California least terns (Sterna antillarum browni). Since least terns were afforded protection under the ESA, the creation of nesting habitat from dredged materials has been a popular component of habitat restoration to partially compensate for wetland loss in this region. We had a unique opportunity to monitor habitat use and reproductive success at newly created habitats associated with the restoration of Batiquitos Lagoon, San Diego County, California from 1994 to 1998. We also compared hatch and fledge rates and habitat characteristics of snowy plovers nesting at new nesting areas at Batiquitos Lagoon to a nearby natural beach and a dredged-material area created in the 1970s. The number of nesting attempts by snowy plovers increased from 5 in 1994 to a high of 38 in 1997, and plovers nested on 4 of the 5 created areas. Fledge rates at Batiquitos Lagoon varied annually and declined after the initial colonization in 1995. Fledge rate in 1995 was higher at the newly created area than at the older dredged-material and natural beach areas in any other year. Nests on the created areas at Batiquitos Lagoon were surrounded by less vegetative cover, less debris, and shorter vegetation than nests at the older dredged-material and natural beach areas. Nonbreeding snowy plovers used created habitats within the lagoon, and more plovers used the lagoon and its adjacent beach during fall than winter. Predation pressure and habitat quality were important factors determining use and reproductive success on created areas at Batiquitos Lagoon.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802971","usgsCitation":"Powell, A., and Collier, C.L., 2000, Habitat use and reproductive success of western snowy plovers at new nesting areas created for California least terns: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 24-33, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802971.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"33","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648606","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Abby N. abby_powell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby N.","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collier, Christine L.","contributorId":39340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001822,"text":"1001822 - 2000 - Effects of temperature anomalies on the Palmer Drought Severity Index in the central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:59:03","indexId":"1001822","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of temperature anomalies on the Palmer Drought Severity Index in the central United States","docAbstract":"

The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of temperature and precipitation effects on the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Both theoretical and observational analyses were applied to separate and compare temperature and precipitation effects on PDSI. The results showed that because of the dependence of PDSI on the ‘climatologically appropriate rainfall’, which is a function of time and varies with surface air temperature, the PDSI can be equally affected by temperature and precipitation, when both have similar magnitudes of anomalies. Calculations using observational data further illustrated the temperature influence on PDSI in different climate regions in the central United States. The temperature effect on PDSI complicates the usage of the index in interpreting precipitation anomalies and its application in inferring precipitation variations, particularly from reconstructed PDSI.

","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/1097-0088(200012)20:15<1899::AID-JOC588>3.0.CO;2-M","usgsCitation":"Hu, Q., and Willson, G.D., 2000, Effects of temperature anomalies on the Palmer Drought Severity Index in the central United States: International Journal of Climatology, v. 20, no. 15, p. 1899-1911, https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0088(200012)20:15<1899::AID-JOC588>3.0.CO;2-M.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1899","endPage":"1911","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, Qi","contributorId":174728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Qi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willson, Gary D.","contributorId":174727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022400,"text":"70022400 - 2000 - Terrain analysis of the racetrack basin and the sliding rocks of Death Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022400","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrain analysis of the racetrack basin and the sliding rocks of Death Valley","docAbstract":"The Racetrack Playa's unusual surface features known as sliding rocks have been the subject of an ongoing debate and several mapping projects for half a century, although the causative mechanism remains unresolved. Clasts ranging in volume from large pebbles to medium boulders have, unwitnessed, maneuvered around the nearly flat dry lake over considerable distances. The controversy has persisted partly because eyewitness accounts of the phenomenon continue to be lacking, and the earlier mapping missions were limited in method and geographic range. In July 1996, we generated the first complete map of all observed sliding rock trails by submeter differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) mapping technology. The resulting map shows 162 sliding rocks and associated trails to an accuracy of approximately 30 cm. Although anemometer data are not available in the Racetrack wilderness, wind is clearly a catalyst for sliding rock activity; an inferred wind rose was constructed from DGPS trail segment data. When the entire trail network is examined in plan, some patterns emerge, although other (perhaps expected relations) remain elusive: terrain analysis of the surrounding topography demonstrates that the length and morphology of trails are more closely related to where rocks rested at the onset of motion than to any physical attribute of the rocks themselves. Follow-up surveys in May 1998, May 1999, August 1999, and November 1999 revealed little modification of the July, 1996 sliding rock configuration. Only four rocks were repositioned during the El Nino winter of 1997-1998, suggesting that activity may not be restricted to winter storms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00042-8","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Messina, P., and Stoffer, P., 2000, Terrain analysis of the racetrack basin and the sliding rocks of Death Valley: Geomorphology, v. 35, no. 3-4, p. 253-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00042-8.","startPage":"253","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206711,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00042-8"},{"id":230610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba550e4b08c986b320979","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Messina, P.","contributorId":37518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messina","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoffer, P.","contributorId":55527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffer","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}