The 1997 NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings use a design procedure that is based on spectral response acceleration rather than the traditional peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, or zone factors. The spectral response accelerations are obtained from maps prepared following the recommendations of the Building Seismic Safety Council's (BSSC) Seismic Design Procedures Group (SDPG). The SDPG-recommended maps, the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) Ground Motion Maps, are based on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) probabilistic hazard maps with additional modifications incorporating deterministic ground motions in selected areas and the application of engineering judgement. The MCE ground motion maps included with the 1997 NEHRP Provisions also serve as the basis for the ground motion maps used in the seismic design portions of the 2000 International Building Code and the 2000 International Residential Code. Additionally the design maps prepared for the 1997 NEHRP Provisions, combined with selected USGS probabilistic maps, are used with the 1997 NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publishing","doi":"10.1193/1.1586081","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Leyendecker, E.V., Hunt, R.J., Frankel, A., and Rukstales, K., 2000, Development of Maximum Considered Earthquake Ground Motion Maps: Earthquake Spectra, v. 16, no. 1, p. 21-40, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586081.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a002be4b0c8380cd4f612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leyendecker, E. V.","contributorId":87162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leyendecker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frankel, A.D.","contributorId":53828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rukstales, K.S.","contributorId":98799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rukstales","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022899,"text":"70022899 - 2000 - Modeling annual mallard production in the prairie-parkland region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T17:14:29.929745","indexId":"70022899","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling annual mallard production in the prairie-parkland region","docAbstract":"Biologists have proposed several environmental factors that might influence production of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) nesting in the prairie-parkland region of the United States and Canada. These factors include precipitation, cold spring temperatures, wetland abundance, and upland breeding habitat. I used long-term historical data sets of climate, wetland numbers, agricultural land use, and size of breeding mallard populations in multiple regression analyses to model annual indices of mallard production. Models were constructed at 2 scales: a continental scale that encompassed most of the mid-continental breeding range of mallards and a stratum-level scale that included 23 portions of that same breeding range. The production index at the continental scale was the estimated age ratio of mid-continental mallards in early fall; at the stratum scale my production index was the estimated number of broods of all duck species within an aerial survey stratum. Size of breeding mallard populations in May, and pond numbers in May and July, best modeled production at the continental scale. Variables that best modeled production at the stratum scale differed by region. Crop variables tended to appear more in models for western Canadian strata; pond variables predominated in models for United States strata; and spring temperature and pond variables dominated models for eastern Canadian strata. An index of cold spring temperatures appeared in 4 of 6 models for aspen parkland strata, and in only 1 of 11 models for strata dominated by prairie. Stratum-level models suggest that regional factors influencing mallard production are not evident at a larger scale. Testing these potential factors in a manipulative fashion would improve our understanding of mallard population dynamics, improving our ability to manage the mid-continental mallard population.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803254","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., 2000, Modeling annual mallard production in the prairie-parkland region: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 2, p. 561-575, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803254.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"575","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, Manitoba, Montana, North Dakota, Saskatchewan, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.181640625,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 42.97250158602597\n ],\n [\n -98.5693359375,\n 42.97250158602597\n ],\n [\n -97.998046875,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -97.3388671875,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -96.45996093749999,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 42.8115217450979\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -96.3720703125,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -96.6357421875,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 48.19538740833338\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n -99.1845703125,\n 51.72702815704774\n ],\n [\n -101.6455078125,\n 52.61639023304539\n ],\n [\n -110.0390625,\n 53.904338156274704\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 53.98193516209167\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -111.181640625,\n 45.089035564831036\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bdbe4b0c8380cd6f85e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M.W.","contributorId":57012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022911,"text":"70022911 - 2000 - Nitrogen flux and sources in the Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T05:38:14","indexId":"70022911","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen flux and sources in the Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"Nitrogen from the Mississippi River Basin is believed to be at least partly responsible for the large zone of oxygen-depleted water that develops in the Gulf of Mexico each summer. Historical data show that concentrations of nitrate in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries have increased by factors of 2 to more than 5 since the early 1900s. We have used the historical streamflow and concentration data in regression models to estimate the annual flux of nitrogen (N) to the Gulf of Mexico and to determine where the nitrogen originates within the Mississippi Basin. Results show that for 1980–1996 the mean annual total N flux to the Gulf of Mexico was 1 568 000 t/year. The flux was approximately 61% nitrate as N, 37% organic N, and 2% ammonium as N. The flux of nitrate to the Gulf has approximately tripled in the last 30 years with most of the increase occurring between 1970 and 1983. The mean annual N flux has changed little since the early 1980s, but large year-to-year variations in N flux occur because of variations in precipitation. During wet years the N flux can increase by 50% or more due to flushing of nitrate that has accumulated in the soils and unsaturated zones in the basin. The principal source areas of N are basins in southern Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio that drain agricultural land. Basins in this region yield 800 to more than 3100 kg total N/km2 per year to streams, several times the N yield of basins outside this region. Assuming conservative transport of N in the Mississippi River, streams draining Iowa and Illinois contribute on average approximately 35% of the total N discharged by the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. In years with high precipitation they can contribute a larger percentage.
Recent code provisions for buildings and other structures (1994 and 1997 NEHRP Provisions, 1997 UBC) have adopted new site amplification factors and a new procedure for site classification. Two amplitude-dependent site amplification factors are specified: Fa for short periods and Fv for longer periods. Previous codes included only a long period factor S and did not provide for a short period amplification factor. The new site classification system is based on definitions of five site classes in terms of a representative average shear wave velocity to a depth of 30 m (V¯s). This definition permits sites to be classified unambiguously. When the shear wave velocity is not available, other soil properties such as standard penetration resistance or undrained shear strength can be used. The new site classes denoted by letters A - E, replace site classes in previous codes denoted by S1 - S4. Site classes A and B correspond to hard rock and rock, Site Class C corresponds to soft rock and very stiff / very dense soil, and Site Classes D and E correspond to stiff soil and soft soil. A sixth site class, F, is defined for soils requiring site-specific evaluations. Both Fa and Fv are functions of the site class, and also of the level of seismic hazard on rock, defined by parameters such as Aa and Av (1994 NEHRP Provisions), Ss and Sl (1997 NEHRP Provisions) or Z (1997 UBC). The values of Fa and Fv decrease as the seismic hazard on rock increases due to soil nonlinearity. The greatest impact of the new factors Fa and Fv as compared with the old S factors occurs in areas of low-to-medium seismic hazard. This paper summarizes the new site provisions, explains the basis for them, and discusses ongoing studies of site amplification in recent earthquakes that may influence future code developments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Publications","doi":"10.1193/1.1586082","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Dobry, R., Borcherdt, R., Crouse, C., Idriss, I., Joyner, W.B., Martin, G.R., Power, M., Rinne, E., and Seed, R., 2000, New site coefficients and site classification system used in recent building seismic code provisions: Earthquake Spectra, v. 16, no. 1, p. 41-67, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586082.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6537e4b0c8380cd72b37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dobry, R.","contributorId":41190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobry","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borcherdt, R. D. 0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":32165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crouse, C.B.","contributorId":76012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crouse","given":"C.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Idriss, I.M.","contributorId":105412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Idriss","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joyner, W. B.","contributorId":70746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martin, G. R.","contributorId":14004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Power, M.S.","contributorId":102896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rinne, E.E.","contributorId":70965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinne","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Seed, R.B.","contributorId":34691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seed","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70022906,"text":"70022906 - 2000 - Consequences of slow growth for 230Th/U dating of Quaternary opals, Yucca Mountain, NV, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70022906","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of slow growth for 230Th/U dating of Quaternary opals, Yucca Mountain, NV, USA","docAbstract":"Thermal ionization mass-spectrometry 234U/238U and 230Th/238U data are reported for uranium-rich opals coating fractures and cavities within the silicic tuffs forming Yucca Mountain, NV, the potential site of a high-level radioactive waste repository. High uranium concentrations (up to 207 ppm) and extremely high 230Th/232Th activity ratios (up to about 106) make microsamples of these opals suitable for precise 230Th/U dating. Conventional 230Th/U ages range from 40 to greater than 600 ka, and initial 234U/238U activity ratios between 1.03 and 8.2. Isotopic evidence indicates that the opals have not experienced uranium mobility; however, wide variations in apparent ages and initial 234U/238U ratios for separate subsamples of the same outermost mineral surfaces, positive correlation between ages and sample weights, and negative correlation between 230Th/U ages and calculated initial 234U/238U are inconsistent with the assumption that all minerals in a given subsample was deposited instantaneously. The data are more consistent with a conceptual model of continuous deposition where secondary mineral growth has occurred at a constant, slow rate up to the present. This model assumes that individual subsamples represent mixtures of older and younger material, and that calculations using the resulting isotope ratios reflect an average age. Ages calculated using the continuous-deposition model for opals imply average mineral growth rates of less than 5 mm/m.y. The model of continuous deposition also predicts discordance between ages obtained using different radiometric methods for the same subsample. Differences in half-lives will result in younger apparent ages for the shorter-lived isotope due to the greater influence of younger materials continuously added to mineral surfaces. Discordant 14C, 230Th/U and U-Pb ages obtained from outermost mineral surfaces at Yucca Mountain support this model. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00142-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., and Paces, J., 2000, Consequences of slow growth for 230Th/U dating of Quaternary opals, Yucca Mountain, NV, USA: Chemical Geology, v. 164, no. 1-2, p. 143-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00142-4.","startPage":"143","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208031,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00142-4"},{"id":233394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9d6e4b0c8380cd4d7ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23281,"text":"ofr99113 - 2000 - Water quality modeling in the systems impact assessment model for the Klamath River basin - Keno, Oregon to Seiad Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T09:37:06","indexId":"ofr99113","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-113","title":"Water quality modeling in the systems impact assessment model for the Klamath River basin - Keno, Oregon to Seiad Valley, California","docAbstract":"This report describes the water quality model developed for the Klamath River System Impact Assessment Model (SIAM). The Klamath River SIAM is a decision support system developed by the authors and other US Geological Survey (USGS), Midcontinent Ecological Science Center staff to study the effects of basin-wide water management decisions on anadromous fish in the Klamath River. The Army Corps of Engineersa?? HEC5Q water quality modeling software was used to simulate water temperature, dissolved oxygen and conductivity in 100 miles of the Klamath River Basin in Oregon and California. The water quality model simulated three reservoirs and the mainstem Klamath River influenced by the Shasta and Scott River tributaries. Model development, calibration and two validation exercises are described as well as the integration of the water quality model into the SIAM decision support system software. Within SIAM, data are exchanged between the water quantity model (MODSIM), the water quality model (HEC5Q), the salmon population model (SALMOD) and methods for evaluating ecosystem health. The overall predictive ability of the water quality model is described in the context of calibration and validation error statistics. Applications of SIAM and the water quality model are described.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr99113","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board, University of California at Davis, and PacifiCorp","usgsCitation":"Hanna, R.B., and Campbell, S.G., 2000, Water quality modeling in the systems impact assessment model for the Klamath River basin - Keno, Oregon to Seiad Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-113, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99113.","productDescription":"82 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99113.PNG"},{"id":320306,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","city":"Keno, Seiad Valley","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.18283081054688,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -123.18283081054688,\n 42.1817234984124\n ],\n [\n -121.97296142578124,\n 42.1817234984124\n ],\n [\n -121.97296142578124,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -123.18283081054688,\n 41.78769700539063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d4e4b07f02db548f2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanna, R. Blair","contributorId":67547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blair","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Sharon G.","contributorId":23173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022884,"text":"70022884 - 2000 - The vulnerability of wetlands to climate change: A hydrologic landscape perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T11:26:50","indexId":"70022884","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The vulnerability of wetlands to climate change: A hydrologic landscape perspective","docAbstract":"The vulnerability of wetlands to changes in climate depends on their position within hydrologic landscapes. Hydrologic landscapes are defined by the flow characteristics of ground water and surface water and by the interaction of atmospheric water, surface water, and ground water for any given locality or region. Six general hydrologic landscapes are defined; mountainous, plateau and high plain, broad basins of interior drainage, riverine, flat coastal, and hummocky glacial and dune. Assessment of these landscapes indicate that the vulnerability of all wetlands to climate change fall between two extremes: those dependent primarily on precipitation for their water supply are highly vulnerable, and those dependent primarily on discharge from regional ground water flow systems are the least vulnerable, because of the great buffering capacity of large ground water flow systems to climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04269.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 2000, The vulnerability of wetlands to climate change: A hydrologic landscape perspective: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 2, p. 305-311, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04269.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"311","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1cae4b08c986b3253f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003658,"text":"1003658 - 2000 - 16-year trends in elements of lichens at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, ND","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-12T17:58:22.276577","indexId":"1003658","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"16-year trends in elements of lichens at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, ND","docAbstract":"An epiphytic lichen and a soil lichen in two very closely related genera (Parmelia sulcata and Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa, respectively) were sampled 16 years apart at Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota and measured for their elemental content. Mercury and cadmium decreased approximately 30% over the time period in both species. Sulfur decreased 8% in the epiphytic species, but increased 20% in the soil lichen. Factor analysis revealed that soil elements were higher in the soil lichen, indicating there was some soil contamination in that species. A relationship between iron and titanium was found only in the soil lichen. Sulfur and mercury were highly enriched in both species relative to the soil, which suggests that the atmosphere is a contributing source of these elements. New baseline values were calculated, 22 elements for both species, although it is not recommended that the soil lichen be sampled in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00711-7","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., and Wetmore, C.M., 2000, 16-year trends in elements of lichens at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, ND: Science of the Total Environment, v. 263, no. 1-3, p. 231-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00711-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"241","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.568115234375,\n 47.02801434856074\n ],\n [\n -103.52554321289062,\n 47.02614213366051\n ],\n [\n -103.4967041015625,\n 47.01958886438214\n ],\n [\n -103.47885131835938,\n 47.01490746524705\n ],\n [\n -103.46649169921875,\n 47.00179736417431\n ],\n [\n -103.41156005859375,\n 46.9980510299792\n ],\n [\n -103.4033203125,\n 46.98493679163584\n ],\n [\n -103.33740234375,\n 46.95776134668866\n ],\n [\n -103.3154296875,\n 46.94088688378103\n ],\n [\n -103.304443359375,\n 46.916503267244835\n ],\n [\n -103.30581665039062,\n 46.89210855010365\n ],\n [\n -103.36074829101562,\n 46.882723010671945\n ],\n [\n -103.392333984375,\n 46.87615215594502\n ],\n [\n -103.42254638671874,\n 46.889293060706166\n ],\n [\n -103.46923828124999,\n 46.90149244734082\n ],\n [\n -103.52005004882812,\n 46.91181283760963\n ],\n [\n -103.56399536132812,\n 46.92119328635469\n ],\n [\n -103.57635498046875,\n 46.939949257630815\n ],\n [\n -103.57772827148436,\n 46.97181933529799\n ],\n [\n -103.60794067382812,\n 46.98587362966408\n ],\n [\n -103.60931396484374,\n 47.00741637293773\n ],\n [\n -103.568115234375,\n 47.02801434856074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.42117309570312,\n 47.638559656739545\n ],\n [\n -103.32366943359375,\n 47.63670896254457\n ],\n [\n -103.30307006835938,\n 47.62467785241324\n ],\n [\n -103.25225830078125,\n 47.616346999837226\n ],\n [\n -103.23577880859375,\n 47.611718174784954\n ],\n [\n -103.238525390625,\n 47.59690318115471\n ],\n [\n -103.2440185546875,\n 47.58393661978137\n ],\n [\n -103.27835083007812,\n 47.58856790334661\n ],\n [\n -103.27423095703124,\n 47.5774521343697\n ],\n [\n -103.29208374023438,\n 47.568187190520135\n ],\n [\n -103.3154296875,\n 47.568187190520135\n ],\n [\n -103.36624145507812,\n 47.56911375866714\n ],\n [\n -103.36761474609374,\n 47.54872547286774\n ],\n [\n -103.370361328125,\n 47.53852835471765\n ],\n [\n -103.4307861328125,\n 47.53945544742392\n ],\n [\n -103.4637451171875,\n 47.55057928124212\n ],\n [\n -103.47335815429688,\n 47.57004031042246\n ],\n [\n -103.46786499023438,\n 47.60338525714934\n ],\n [\n -103.46237182617188,\n 47.615421267605434\n ],\n [\n -103.42117309570312,\n 47.638559656739545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"263","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507feb0e4b02e76d757c12f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, J. 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M.","contributorId":65036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetmore","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023219,"text":"70023219 - 2000 - Distribution of metals during digestion by cutthroat trout fed benthic invertebrates contaminated in the Clark Fork River, Montana and the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, U.S.A., and fed artificially contaminated Artemia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-17T16:03:34","indexId":"70023219","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of metals during digestion by cutthroat trout fed benthic invertebrates contaminated in the Clark Fork River, Montana and the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, U.S.A., and fed artificially contaminated Artemia","docAbstract":"The concentrations of essential amino acids in three, undigested invertebrate diets collected from the Clark Fork River (CFR) for cutthroat trout were similar to each other, but were c. 25–75% less than Artemia that were exposed to a mixture of arsenic, copper, cadmium, lead and zinc in the laboratory. The Artemia diet appeared less palatable and the texture, quantity and appearance of the intestinal contents differed between fish fed the Artemia and CFR diets. The Pb% in the fluid fraction of the intestinal contents was greater for the Artemia (29%) than for the CFR diets (10–17%), and the Cu% in the amino acid plus metal fraction of the intestinal contents was greater for the Artemia (78%) than for two of the three CFR diets (67% and 70%). Intestinal contents of fish fed invertebrate diets collected from various sites on the Coeur d'Alene River (CDA), Idaho, were similar in texture, quantity, and appearance. For fish fed the CDA diets, differences in the distribution of metals among fractions of the digestive fluids appeared to be related to concentrations of metals in the invertebrate diets. Pb% was lowest of all metals in the fluid portion of the intestinal contents. However, >80% of all metals in the hind gut were associated with the particulate fraction where they may still be available for uptake through pinocytosis.
","language":"English","publisher":"FSBI","doi":"10.1006/jfbi.1999.1150","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Farag, A., Suedkamp, M., Meyer, J., Barrows, R., and Woodward, D.F., 2000, Distribution of metals during digestion by cutthroat trout fed benthic invertebrates contaminated in the Clark Fork River, Montana and the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, U.S.A., and fed artificially contaminated Artemia: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 56, no. 1, p. 173-190, https://doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.1999.1150.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.1999.1150"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02e1e4b0c8380cd5023e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suedkamp, M.J.","contributorId":70593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suedkamp","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, J.S.","contributorId":85741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barrows, R.","contributorId":35271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodward, D. F.","contributorId":85645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023197,"text":"70023197 - 2000 - Uncertainty estimation for resource assessment-an application to coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70023197","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty estimation for resource assessment-an application to coal","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a national assessment of coal resources. As part of that assessment, a geostatistical procedure has been developed to estimate the uncertainty of coal resources for the historical categories of geological assurance: measured, indicated, inferred, and hypothetical coal. Data consist of spatially clustered coal thickness measurements from coal beds and/or zones that cover, in some cases, several thousand square kilometers. Our procedure involved trend removal, an examination of spatial correlation, computation of a sample semivariogram, and fitting a semivariogram model. This model provided standard deviations for the uncertainty estimates. The number of sample points (drill holes) in each historical category also was estimated. Measurement error in the thickness of the coal bed/zone was obtained from the fitted model or supplied exogenously. From this information approximate estimates of uncertainty on the historical categories were computed. We illustrate the methodology using drill hole data from the Harmon coal bed located in southwestern North Dakota. The methodology will be applied to approximately 50 coal data sets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1007519703684","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Schuenemeyer, J., and Power, H., 2000, Uncertainty estimation for resource assessment-an application to coal: Mathematical Geology, v. 32, no. 5, p. 521-541, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007519703684.","startPage":"521","endPage":"541","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208019,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007519703684"},{"id":233376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc20e4b08c986b328a49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuenemeyer, J.H.","contributorId":106094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuenemeyer","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, H.C.","contributorId":74259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023144,"text":"70023144 - 2000 - Imaging and modeling new VETEM data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T18:59:08.493164","indexId":"70023144","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Imaging and modeling new VETEM data","docAbstract":"In previously reported work (Wright and others, 2000) we found that the very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system produced data from which high resolution images of a buried former foundry site at the Denver Federal Center were made. The soil covering the site is about 30 mS/m conductivity, and is thus relatively unfavorable for ground penetrating radar (GPR) imaging. We have surveyed portions of this site again with new electric field dipole antennas and a new receiver designed for these antennas. Comparisons of the images produced using the loop antennas to those produced using the electric field dipole antennas illustrate that for this application the loop antennas produced more useful images. The larger man-made structures can be seen more clearly because they are not masked by dispersion and/or smaller scale variations as with the electric field dipole antennas. The VETEM system now contains an array of antennas with appropriate transmitters and receivers and can be operated as a low frequency time domain GPR or as a high frequency time domain electromagnetic (EM) system with several possible antenna spacings and polarizations. We plan to examine additional configurations. Numerical modeling of the perpendicular loop antenna configuration has been done and depth estimates produced. We conclude that, as with other GPR and time domain EM systems, the best choice of operating parameters depends on the application and the environment, but the inherent flexibility of the VETEM system allows a wide range of options.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"GPR 2000: The 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","conferenceDate":"23 May 2000 through 26 May 2000","conferenceLocation":"Goldcoast, Aust","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers","publisherLocation":"Bellingham, WA, United States","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Wright, D.L., Smith, D.V., Abraham, J., Hutton, R.S., Bond, E.K., Cui, T.J., Aydiner, A.A., and Chew, W.C., 2000, Imaging and modeling new VETEM data, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4084, Goldcoast, Aust, 23 May 2000 through 26 May 2000, p. 146-150.","startPage":"146","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233665,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4084","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a387fe4b0c8380cd615b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, David L. dwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":1132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"David","email":"dwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":396468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David V. 0000-0003-0426-4401 dvsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-4401","contributorId":1306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dvsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutton, Raymond S.","contributorId":79001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutton","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bond, E. Kent","contributorId":59698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cui, Tie Jun","contributorId":9542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"Tie","email":"","middleInitial":"Jun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aydiner, Alaeddin A.","contributorId":21038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aydiner","given":"Alaeddin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chew, Weng Cho","contributorId":107159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"Weng","email":"","middleInitial":"Cho","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70023198,"text":"70023198 - 2000 - Do male breeding displays function to attract mates or defend territories? The explanatory role of mate and site fidelity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-17T15:27:52","indexId":"70023198","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do male breeding displays function to attract mates or defend territories? The explanatory role of mate and site fidelity","docAbstract":"Many shorebirds show elaborate breeding displays that include aerial flights and ground displays accompanied by song. The mate attraction hypothesis suggests that breeding displays function to attract mates and maintain pair bonds, whereas the territory defense hypothesis suggests breeding displays function in defining and defending nesting and feeding territories. We tested these hypotheses in the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) by contrasting the duration and level of male breeding displays among pairs that differed in their mate and site fidelity. As predicted by the mate attraction hypothesis, males performed the highest number of song sequences during pair formation, and males paired with their mate of a prior year sang less than males paired to new mates. Further, sitefaithful males mated to a new but experienced mate displayed significantly more than remated males or males new to the area. This suggests a male's prior familiarity with an area and his neighbors does not lessen his display rate as was predicted under the territory defense hypothesis. Limited support for the territory defense hypothesis came from observations of males performing breeding displays with neighboring males along nest territory boundaries. This behavior was short-lived, however, as males abandoned nesting areas after pair-formation and used adjacent or disjointed feeding areas during egg-laying and incubation. Male aggression (i.e., aerial and ground chases), as opposed to breeding displays, appeared to be the principal means of maintaining territory boundaries. Indeed, the rate at which males chased other males remained fairly constant and high throughout the breeding season. Male chasing behavior may also serve as a paternity guard to protect against extra-pair copulations. Our study also found that a female's prior breeding experience in an area correlated with a reduced display rate by her mate, particularly if that mate was new to the area. This indicates female characteristics may not only drive nest initiation, as has been shown in other studies, but are important in determining the duration and extent of male display.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R., Sandercock, B.K., and Kempenaers, B., 2000, Do male breeding displays function to attract mates or defend territories? The explanatory role of mate and site fidelity: Waterbirds, v. 23, no. 2, p. 155-164.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"164","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0362e4b0c8380cd50478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":77879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandercock, B. K.","contributorId":61382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandercock","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kempenaers, Bart","contributorId":54943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempenaers","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13130,"text":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023202,"text":"70023202 - 2000 - Timescales for migration of atmospherically derived sulphate through an alpine/subalpine watershed, Loch Vale, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T10:27:51","indexId":"70023202","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timescales for migration of atmospherically derived sulphate through an alpine/subalpine watershed, Loch Vale, Colorado","docAbstract":"Sulphur 35, a cosmogenically produced radioisotope with a short half‐life (87 days), was measured in snowpack during 1993–1997 and at four locations within the Loch Vale watershed during 1995–1997. The four sites include the two main drainages in the watershed, Andrews Creek and Icy Brook, a small south facing catchment flowing into Andrews Creek (Andrews Spring 1), and a similar north facing catchment flowing out of a scree field into Icy Brook (Spring 19). Concentrations ranged from a high of almost 50 mBq/L for a sample from Spring 19 in June 1996 to a concentration near the detection limit for a sample from Andrews Creek in April 1997. Sulphur 35 concentrations were normalized to sulphate (as mBq/mg SO4−2) and were decay‐corrected to a Julian day of 90 (April 1) for each year. Snowpack had the highest 35S concentration with an average concentration of 53 mBq/mg SO4−2. Concentrations in the streams were much lower, even when corrected for decay relative to JD 90. The large 35S concentrations found in Spring 19 were the result of increases in concentration due to sublimation and/or evapotranspiration and were lower than snowpack when normalized to sulphate. Using 35S concentrations found in snowpack as of JD 90 as a beginning concentration, the fraction of sulphate in streamflow that was derived from atmospheric deposition within the prior water year was estimated. For Icy Brook and Andrews Creek the fraction of the sulphate in streamflow derived from that year's snowpack and precipitation was low prior to the beginning of the main spring melt, reached a maximum during the period of maximum flow, and decreased as the summer progressed. A calculation of the seasonal flux indicated that about 40% of the sulphate that flowed out of the watershed was derived from atmospheric sulphate deposited during the previous year. This suggests that more than half of the sulphate deposited in the watershed by atmospheric processes during the previous year was removed during the following summer. Thus sulphate retention in alpine watersheds like Loch Vale is very limited, and changes in sulphate deposition should be quickly reflected in stream chemistry.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900276","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., Campbell, D.H., Clow, D.W., and Turk, J.T., 2000, Timescales for migration of atmospherically derived sulphate through an alpine/subalpine watershed, Loch Vale, Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 27-36, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900276.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900276","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Loch Vale","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3e2e4b08c986b326047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":396817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023193,"text":"70023193 - 2000 - Formation evaluation of gas hydrate-bearing marine sediments on the Blake Ridge with downhole geochemical log measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023193","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Formation evaluation of gas hydrate-bearing marine sediments on the Blake Ridge with downhole geochemical log measurements","docAbstract":"The analyses of downhole log data from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) boreholes on the Blake Ridge at Sites 994, 995, and 997 indicate that the Schlumberger geochemical logging tool (GLT) may yield useful gas hydrate reservoir data. In neutron spectroscopy downhole logging, each element has a characteristic gamma ray that is emitted from a given neutron-element interaction. Specific elements can be identified by their characteristic gamma-ray signature, with the intensity of emission related to the atomic elemental concentration. By combining elemental yields from neutron spectroscopy logs, reservoir parameters including porosities, lithologies, formation fluid salinities, and hydrocarbon saturations (including gas hydrate) can be calculated. Carbon and oxygen elemental data from the GLT was used to determine gas hydrate saturations at all three sites (Sites 994, 995, and 997) drilled on the Blake Ridge during Leg 164. Detailed analyses of the carbon and oxygen content of various sediments and formation fluids were used to construct specialized carbon/oxygen ratio (COR) fan charts for a series of hypothetical gas hydrate accumulations. For more complex geologic systems, a modified version of the standard three-component COR hydrocarbon saturation equation was developed and used to calculate gas hydrate saturations on the Blake Ridge. The COR-calculated gas hydrate saturations (ranging from about 2% to 14% bulk volume gas hydrate) from the Blake Ridge compare favorably to the gas hydrate saturations derived from electrical resistivity log measurements.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","language":"English","issn":"08845891","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., and Wendlandt, R.F., 2000, Formation evaluation of gas hydrate-bearing marine sediments on the Blake Ridge with downhole geochemical log measurements, in Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, v. 164, p. 199-215.","startPage":"199","endPage":"215","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a134be4b0c8380cd545d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wendlandt, R. F.","contributorId":20467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wendlandt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023203,"text":"70023203 - 2000 - Proposed standard-weight (Ws) equations for kokanee, golden trout and bull trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T16:02:22.166171","indexId":"70023203","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Proposed standard-weight (Ws) equations for kokanee, golden trout and bull trout","title":"Proposed standard-weight (Ws) equations for kokanee, golden trout and bull trout","docAbstract":"We developed standard-weight (Ws) equations for kokanee (lacustrine Oncorhynchus nerka), golden trout (O. aguabonita), and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) using the regression-line-percentile technique. The Ws equation for kokanee of 120–550 mm TL is log10 Ws = −5.062 + 3.033 log10 TL, when Ws is in grams and TL is total length in millimeters; the English-unit equivalent is log10 Ws = −3.458 + 3.033 log10 TL, when Ws is in pounds and TL is total length in inches. The Ws equation for golden trout of 120–530 mm TL is log10 Ws = −5.088 + 3.041 log10TL, with the English-unit equivalent being log10Ws = −3.473 + 3.041 log10TL. The Ws equation for bull trout of 120–850 mm TL is log10Ws = −5.327 + 3.115 log10TL, with the English-unit equivalent being log10Ws = −3.608 + 3.115 log10TL.
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M.H.","contributorId":37222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyatt","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023192,"text":"70023192 - 2000 - Cyclic aggradation and downcutting, fluvial response to volcanic activity, and calibration of soil-carbonate stages in the western Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T13:08:07","indexId":"70023192","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyclic aggradation and downcutting, fluvial response to volcanic activity, and calibration of soil-carbonate stages in the western Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"In the western Grand Canyon, fluvial terraces and pediment surfaces, both associated with a Pleistocene basalt flow, document Quaternary aggradation and downcutting by the Colorado River, illuminate the river's response to overload and the end of overload, and allow calibration of soil-carbonate stages and determination of downcutting rates. Four downcutting-aggradation cycles are present. Each begins with erosion of older deposits to form a new river channel in which a characteristic suite of deposits is laid down. The current cycle (I) started ~700 yr B.P. The oldest (IV) includes the 603,000 ± 8000 to 524,000 ± 7000 yr Black Ledge basalt flow, emplaced when the river channel was ~30 m higher than it is now. The flow is overlain by basalt-cobble gravel and basalt sand. Soils reach the stage V level of carbonate development. Calibrated ages for soil stages are Stage V, ~525,000 yr; stage IV, <525,000 yr, ≥250,000 yr; stage III, <250,000 yr, ≥100,000 yr. The monolithologic basalt sand beds represent overloading by volcanic ash produced by an eruption 30-50 km upstream. The basalt-cobble beds signal breaching and rapid destruction of lava dams and erosion of flows. These deposits show that the Colorado River responds to overload by aggrading vigorously during the overload and then downcutting equally vigorously when the overload ends. The overall downcutting rate for the interval studied is 1.6 cm/1000 yr, much lower than rates upstream. The current downcutting rate, 11-14 m/1000 yr, likely is a response both to the end of late Pleistocene and early Holocene overload and to the reduction of sediment supply caused by Glen Canyon Dam.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/qres.1999.2098","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, I., Curtis, G.H., Davis, M.E., Davis, S.W., and Turrin, B., 2000, Cyclic aggradation and downcutting, fluvial response to volcanic activity, and calibration of soil-carbonate stages in the western Grand Canyon, Arizona: Quaternary Research, v. 53, no. 1, p. 23-33, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2098.","startPage":"23","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208258,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2098"},{"id":233880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd22e4b0c8380cd4e652","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Ivo","contributorId":94291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Ivo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curtis, Garniss H.","contributorId":76519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Garniss","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Marie E.","contributorId":7054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Marie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Sidney W.","contributorId":85372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Sidney","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turrin, Brent","contributorId":68932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023191,"text":"70023191 - 2000 - Diagenesis of the Purington Shale in the Illinois Basin and implications for the diagenetic state of sedimentary rocks of shallow Paleozoic basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023191","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenesis of the Purington Shale in the Illinois Basin and implications for the diagenetic state of sedimentary rocks of shallow Paleozoic basins","docAbstract":"The clay minerals, micas, and feldspars of the Pennsylvanian-age Purington Shale have been more diagenetically active than generally recognized. They have undergone diagenetic changes comparable to those of Cenozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks buried three to four times as deeply and heated to approximately twice the temperature. The Purington Shale on the Western Shelf of the Illinois Basin has experienced maximum burial of ???1.0 km and was never heated to more than 60??C, except for a very brief time at about 80??C. The illite/smectite (I/S) of the Purington Shale has ???90% illite. The chemical compositions of the feldspar assemblage in the 0.09-0.063-mm fraction differ from most modern detrital suites of feldspars but are similar to diagenetic sequences described by others from much greater burial depths and are extensively, but not completely, albitized. The simplest interpretation of the apparently advanced stage of diagenesis is that the diagenetic processes have been operating at less pressure and lower temperature but for a longer time; an example of low-temperature, time-dependent diagenesis. By similar reasoning, the apparently anomalously advanced maturity of all of the sedimentary rocks in the relatively shallow Illinois Basin is explained. This generalization should be considered for all shallow Paleozoic basins and should influence (1) exploration for petroleum, (2) use of modal and chemical analyses for determining provenance, and (3) use of chemical composition of shales as proxy for crustal evolution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/314423","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., 2000, Diagenesis of the Purington Shale in the Illinois Basin and implications for the diagenetic state of sedimentary rocks of shallow Paleozoic basins: Journal of Geology, v. 108, no. 5, p. 553-567, https://doi.org/10.1086/314423.","startPage":"553","endPage":"567","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208239,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/314423"}],"volume":"108","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0098e4b0c8380cd4f7ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, D.M.","contributorId":29576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003657,"text":"1003657 - 2000 - Field surveys of Midwestern and Northeastern Fish and Wildlife Service lands for the presence of abnormal frogs and toads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T13:57:00","indexId":"1003657","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2555,"text":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field surveys of Midwestern and Northeastern Fish and Wildlife Service lands for the presence of abnormal frogs and toads","docAbstract":"The national distribution of information on the discovery of malformations in Minnesota frogs in 1995 stimulated collection and examination of newly metamorphosed frogs during 1996. By late summer and early fall of 1996, malformed frogs and toads were reported on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lands in Vermont (Northeast, Region 5) and Minnesota (Midwest, Region 3). In response to these reports, biologists in USFWS Regions 3 and 5 conducted a survey, during the summer of 1997 to determine the distribution and type of malformations in frogs and toads on selected federal lands. Region 3 personnel surveyed 38 field stations at National Wildlife Refuges (NWR's) and Wetland Management Districts. Malformed frogs and toads were collected at 23 (61%) of the Region 3 sites. External malformations were detected in 110 of 6632 individuals representing seven of 13 frog species and one of three toad species examined for an overall of 1.7% affected (percentages for affected species ranged from 0.4-5.2%). In Region 5, 17 NWR's and one National Park were surveyed. Malformed frogs were collected at 10 (56%) of the Region 5 sites. External malformations were detected in 58 of 2267 individuals representing six of 11 frog species and one of two toad species examined for an overall total of 2.6% affected (percentages for affected species ranged from 1.8-15.6%). The majority of malformations observed in frogs and toads collected in Regions 3 and 5 were partially or completely missing hind limbs and digits (50%)or malformed hind limbs and digits (14%). A few individuals had an extra limb or toe, missing or malformed front limb, missing eye, or malformation of the mandible. Despite small sample sizes at some sites, malformations were confirmed to be present in eight species of frogs and two species of toads on Federal lands in USFWS Regions 3 and 5. Further study is needed to determine the extent and distribution of amphibian malformations in these Regions. Data from this study were provided to the national database on distribution of malformed amphibians.
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Livers and kidneys were collected from adult males and females found dead and hunter-killed males, and livers were collected from ducklings. Two adult females, one of which had an ingested lead shot in its gizzard, were poisoned by lead. The concentration of metals and trace elements that we found in tissues of eiders, other than the two lead poisoned birds, were not high enough to have independently caused mortality.
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C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hollmen, T.","contributorId":16787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollmen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poppenga, R.H.","contributorId":86308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppenga","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hario, Martti","contributorId":31340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hario","given":"Martti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kilpi, Mikaei","contributorId":102428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpi","given":"Mikaei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023204,"text":"70023204 - 2000 - Gas hydrates amount estimated from acoustic logs at the Blake Ridge, Sites 994, 995, and 997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:54:48","indexId":"70023204","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5640,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","onlineIssn":"1096-7451","printIssn":"0884-5891","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"164","chapter":"20","title":"Gas hydrates amount estimated from acoustic logs at the Blake Ridge, Sites 994, 995, and 997","docAbstract":"The amount of in situ methane hydrates present in marine sediments is estimated at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 164 drill sites on the Blake Ridge using acoustic logs. A weighted equation developed for relating the amount of hydrates concentrated in the pore space of unconsolidated sediments to the increase of acoustic velocities is applied to the acoustic logs using three sets of porosity distribution (porosity derived from bulk density logs, core porosity, and linear approximation of core porosity). Generally, the gas hydrate concentration increases with increasing depth toward the bottom-simulating reflector (BSR). The average gas hydrate concentration in the pore space varies between 12.1%, using porosity from the bulk density, and 3.8%, using core-derived porosity. The average hydrate concentrations in the pore space using core porosities are 3.9% (2.2 vol% of sediment), 5.7% (3.3 vol%) and 3.8% (2.2 vol%) at Sites 994, 995, and 997 respectively. These estimated concentrations are comparable to those calculated from chloride anomalies at these sites.","language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.164.239.2000","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2000, Gas hydrates amount estimated from acoustic logs at the Blake Ridge, Sites 994, 995, and 997: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 164, v. 164, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.164.239.2000.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"198","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14d2e4b0c8380cd54baa","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":730123,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matsumoto, Ryo","contributorId":86749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matsumoto","given":"Ryo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730124,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Paul J.","contributorId":199700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730125,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730126,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023190,"text":"70023190 - 2000 - Historical trends in Chesapeake Bay dissolved oxygen based on benthic foraminifera from sediment cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T17:39:13.449814","indexId":"70023190","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical trends in Chesapeake Bay dissolved oxygen based on benthic foraminifera from sediment cores","docAbstract":"Environmentally sensitive benthic foraminifera (protists) from Chesapeake Bay were used as bioindicators to estimate the timing and degree of changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) over the past five centuries. Living foraminifers from 19 surface samples and fossil assemblages from 11 sediment cores dated by210Pb,137Cs,14C, and pollen stratigraphy were analyzed from the tidal portions of the Patuxent, Potomac, and Choptank Rivers and the main channel of the Chesapeake Bay.Ammonia parkinsoniana, a facultative anaerobe tolerant of periodic anoxic conditions, comprises an average of 74% of modern Chesapeake foraminiferal assemblages (DO-0.47 and 1.72 ml l−1) compared to 0% to 15% of assemblages collected in the 1960s. Paleoecological analyses show thatA. parkinsoniana was absent prior to the late 17th century, increased to 10–25% relative frequency between approximately 1670–1720 and 1810–1900, and became the dominant (60–90%) benthic formaniferal species in channel environments beginning in the early 1970s. Since the 1970s, deformed tests ofA. parkinsoniana occur in all cores (10–20% ofAmmonia), suggesting unprecedented stressful benthic conditions. These cores indicate that prior to the late 17th century, there was limited oxygen depletion. During the past 200 years, decadal scale variability in oxygen depletion has occurred, as dysoxic (DO=0.1–1.0 ml l−1), perhaps short-term anoxic (DO<0.1 ml l−1) conditions developed. The most extensive (spatially and temporally) anoxic conditions were reached during the 1970s. Over decadal timescales, DO variability seems to be linked closely to climatological factors influencing river discharge; the unprecedented anoxia since the early 1970s is attributed mainly to high freshwater flow and to an increase in nutrient concentrations from the watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1353141","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Karlsen, A., Cronin, T.M., Ishmans, S., Willard, D., Kerhin, R., Holmes, C.W., and Marot, M., 2000, Historical trends in Chesapeake Bay dissolved oxygen based on benthic foraminifera from sediment cores: Estuaries, v. 23, no. 4, p. 488-508, https://doi.org/10.2307/1353141.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"508","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.212158203125,\n 36.85325222344018\n ],\n [\n -75.95947265625,\n 37.081475648860525\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 37.29153547292737\n ],\n [\n -75.552978515625,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -75.6353759765625,\n 38.07836562996712\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -75.5255126953125,\n 38.68122173079789\n ],\n [\n -75.706787109375,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -75.7562255859375,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -75.8660888671875,\n 39.2492708462234\n ],\n [\n -75.7342529296875,\n 39.46164364205549\n ],\n [\n -75.73974609375,\n 39.58875727696545\n ],\n [\n -75.926513671875,\n 39.68182601089365\n ],\n [\n -76.41540527343749,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -76.7010498046875,\n 39.223742741391305\n ],\n [\n -76.70654296875,\n 38.84826438869913\n ],\n [\n -77.0635986328125,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -77.3931884765625,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -77.156982421875,\n 37.792422407988575\n ],\n [\n -77.1295166015625,\n 37.58376576718623\n ],\n [\n -77.091064453125,\n 37.470498470798724\n ],\n [\n -77.43713378906249,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -77.3712158203125,\n 37.31338308990806\n ],\n [\n -76.761474609375,\n 37.10338413422305\n ],\n [\n -76.6790771484375,\n 36.88840804313823\n ],\n [\n -76.7230224609375,\n 36.76529191711624\n ],\n [\n -76.6021728515625,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -76.2945556640625,\n 36.721273880045004\n ],\n [\n -76.212158203125,\n 36.85325222344018\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31a6e4b0c8380cd5e0e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlsen, A.W.","contributorId":45084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlsen","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ishmans, S.E.","contributorId":102247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishmans","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":85982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kerhin, R.","contributorId":25317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerhin","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marot, M.","contributorId":67601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70023205,"text":"70023205 - 2000 - Cottus paulus: A replacement name for the pygmy sculpin, Cottus pygmaeus Williams 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T15:23:09","indexId":"70023205","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cottus paulus: A replacement name for the pygmy sculpin, Cottus pygmaeus Williams 1968","docAbstract":"A replacement name, Cottus paulus, is proposed for the Pygmy Sculpin, Coitus pygmaeus. The name Coitus pygmaeus was preoccupied by Coitus quadricornis pygmaeus Lonnberg (1932).
","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/0045-8511(2000)2000[0302:CPARNF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., 2000, Cottus paulus: A replacement name for the pygmy sculpin, Cottus pygmaeus Williams 1968: Copeia, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2000)2000[0302:CPARNF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"302","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc81e4b0c8380cd4e2b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023188,"text":"70023188 - 2000 - Bottom currents and sediment transport in Long Island Sound: A modeling study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T11:02:06","indexId":"70023188","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bottom currents and sediment transport in Long Island Sound: A modeling study","docAbstract":"A high resolution (300-400 m grid spacing), process oriented modeling study was undertaken to elucidate the physical processes affecting the characteristics and distribution of sea-floor sedimentary environments in Long Island Sound. Simulations using idealized forcing and high-resolution bathymetry were performed using a three-dimensional circulation model ECOM (Blumberg and Mellor, 1987) and a stationary shallow water wave model HISWA (Holthuijsen et al., 1989). The relative contributions of tide-, density-, wind- and wave-driven bottom currents are assessed and related to observed characteristics of the sea-floor environments, and simple bedload sediment transport simulations are performed. The fine grid spacing allows features with scales of several kilometers to be resolved. The simulations clearly show physical processes that affect the observed sea-floor characteristics at both regional and local scales. Simulations of near-bottom tidal currents reveal a strong gradient in the funnel-shaped eastern part of the Sound, which parallels an observed gradient in sedimentary environments from erosion or nondeposition, through bedload transport and sediment sorting, to fine-grained deposition. A simulation of estuarine flow driven by the along-axis gradient in salinity shows generally westward bottom currents of 2-4 cm/s that are locally enhanced to 6-8 cm/s along the axial depression of the Sound. Bottom wind-driven currents flow downwind along the shallow margins of the basin, but flow against the wind in the deeper regions. These bottom flows (in opposition to the wind) are strongest in the axial depression and add to the estuarine flow when winds are from the west. The combination of enhanced bottom currents due to both estuarine circulation and the prevailing westerly winds provide an explanation for the relatively coarse sediments found along parts of the axial depression. Climatological simulations of wave-driven bottom currents show that frequent high-energy events occur along the shallow margins of the Sound, explaining the occurrence of relatively coarse sediments in these regions. Bedload sediment transport calculations show that the estuarine circulation coupled with the oscillatory tidal currents result in a net westward transport of sand in much of the eastern Sound. Local departures from this regional westward trend occur around topographic and shoreline irregularities, and there is strong predicted convergence of bedload transport over most of the large, linear sand ridges in the eastern Sound, providing a mechanism which prevents their decay. The strong correlation between the near-bottom current intensity based on the model results and the sediment response, as indicated by the distribution of sedimentary environments, provides a framework for predicting the long-term effects of anthropogenic activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., List, J.H., and Farris, A., 2000, Bottom currents and sediment transport in Long Island Sound: A modeling study: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 551-566.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"566","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4300070"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":" Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.5,\n 40.51797520038851\n ],\n [\n -71.5,\n 40.51797520038851\n ],\n [\n -71.5,\n 41.226183305514596\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 41.226183305514596\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 40.51797520038851\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f227e4b0c8380cd4b036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"List, J. H.","contributorId":70406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farris, A.S.","contributorId":98477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023206,"text":"70023206 - 2000 - Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment effect concentrations for polychlorinated biphenyls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T15:24:01","indexId":"70023206","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment effect concentrations for polychlorinated biphenyls","docAbstract":"Sediment-quality guidelines (SQGs) have been published for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using both empirical and theoretical approaches. Empirically based guidelines have been developed using the screening-level concentration, effects range, effects level, and apparent effects threshold approaches. Theoretically based guidelines have been developed using the equilibrium-partitioning approach. Empirically-based guidelines were classified into three general categories, in accordance with their original narrative intents, and used to develop three consensus-based sediment effect concentrations (SECs) for total PCBs (tPCBs), including a threshold effect concentration, a midrange effect concentration, and an extreme effect concentration. Consensus-based SECs were derived because they estimate the central tendency of the published SQGs and, thus, reconcile the guidance values that have been derived using various approaches. Initially, consensus-based SECs for tPCBs were developed separately for freshwater sediments and for marine and estuarine sediments. Because the respective SECs were statistically similar, the underlying SQGs were subsequently merged and used to formulate more generally applicable SECs. The three consensus-based SECs were then evaluated for reliability using matching sediment chemistry and toxicity data from field studies, dose-response data from spiked-sediment toxicity tests, and SQGs derived from the equilibrium-partitioning approach. The results of this evaluation demonstrated that the consensus-based SECs can accurately predict both the presence and absence of toxicity in field-collected sediments. Importantly, the incidence of toxicity increases incrementally with increasing concentrations of tPCBs. Moreover, the consensus-based SECs are comparable to the chronic toxicity thresholds that have been estimated from dose-response data and equilibrium-partitioning models. Therefore, consensus-based SECs provide a unifying synthesis of existing SQGs, reflect causal rather than correlative effects, and accurately predict sediment toxicity in PCB-contaminated sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620190524","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D.D., Dipinto, L.M., Field, J., Ingersoll, C.G., Long, E.R., and Swartz, R.C., 2000, Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment effect concentrations for polychlorinated biphenyls: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 5, p. 1403-1413, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190524.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1403","endPage":"1413","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0021e4b0c8380cd4f5dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Donald D.","contributorId":176179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dipinto, Lisa M.","contributorId":16619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dipinto","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, Jay","contributorId":80963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Long, Edward R.","contributorId":106365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swartz, Richard C.","contributorId":56005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swartz","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}