Although the red wolf (Canis rufus) was once found throughout the southeastern United States, indiscriminate killing and habitat destruction reduced its range to a small section of coastal Texas and Louisiana. Wolves trapped from 1973 to 1980 were taken to establish a captive breeding program that was used to repatriate 2 mainland and 3 island red wolf populations. We collected data from 320 red wolf releases in these areas and classified each as a success or failure based on survival and reproductive criteria, and whether recaptures were necessary to resolve conflicts with humans. We evaluated the relations between release success and conditions at the release sites, characteristics of released wolves, and release procedures. Although <44% of the variation in release success was explained, model performance based on jackknife tests indicated a 72-80% correct prediction rate for the 4 operational models we developed. The models indicated that success was associated with human influences on the landscape and the level of wolf habituation to humans prior to release. We applied the models to 31 prospective areas for wolf repatriation and calculated an index of release success for each area. Decision-makers can use these models to objectively rank prospective release areas and compare strengths and weaknesses of each.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803197","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"van Manen, F.T., Crawford, B.A., and Clark, J.D., 2000, Predicting red wolf release success in the southeastern United States: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 4, p. 895-902, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803197.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"895","endPage":"902","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487436,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3803197","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81c5e4b0c8380cd7b704","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Barron A.","contributorId":168758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"Barron","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022939,"text":"70022939 - 2000 - Hydrogen defects in α-Al2O3 and water weakening of sapphire and alumina ceramics between 600 and 1000°C: I. Infrared characterization of defects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-13T09:28:01","indexId":"70022939","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":637,"text":"Acta Materialia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogen defects in α-Al2O3 and water weakening of sapphire and alumina ceramics between 600 and 1000°C: I. Infrared characterization of defects","docAbstract":"Hydrogen impurities in materials influence their properties, including flow strength. α-Al2O3 single crystals and polycrystalline ceramics were annealed in supercritical water between 850 and 1025°C, under pressures in the range 1500–2000 MPa. A few specimens were further subjected to plastic deformation. Hydrogen penetration was examined using infrared absorption measurements of O–H bond vibrations, which revealed two kinds of hydrogen defects. In single crystals, defects are characterized by sharp O–H absorption bands assigned to interstitial protons. Hydrogen impurities of hydrothermally annealed ceramics and of all hydrothermally deformed specimens are characterized by broad O–H bands assigned to molecular water. The grain boundaries of hydrothermally annealed ceramics are severely damaged. The kinetics of hydrogen penetration is consistent with diffusion data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00448-6","issn":"13596454","usgsCitation":"Kronenberg, A.K., Castaing, J., Mitchell, T.E., and Kirby, S.H., 2000, Hydrogen defects in α-Al2O3 and water weakening of sapphire and alumina ceramics between 600 and 1000°C: I. Infrared characterization of defects: Acta Materialia, v. 48, no. 7, p. 1481-1494, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00448-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1481","endPage":"1494","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208033,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00448-6"}],"volume":"48","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a334ae4b0c8380cd5eeae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kronenberg, A. K.","contributorId":94787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kronenberg","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castaing, J.","contributorId":34299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castaing","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, T. E.","contributorId":15799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022940,"text":"70022940 - 2000 - Variability of Mars' North Polar water ice cap: I. Analysis of Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter imaging data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T16:29:57","indexId":"70022940","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of Mars' North Polar water ice cap: I. Analysis of Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter imaging data","docAbstract":"Previous studies interpreted differences in ice coverage between Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter observations of Mars' north residual polar cap as evidence of interannual variability of ice deposition on the cap. However, these investigators did not consider the possibility that there could be significant changes in the ice coverage within the northern residual cap over the course of the summer season. Our more comprehensive analysis of Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter imaging data shows that the appearance of the residual cap does not show large-scale variance on an interannual basis. Rather we find evidence that regions that were dark at the beginning of summer look bright by the end of summer and that this seasonal variation of the cap repeats from year to year. Our results suggest that this brightening was due to the deposition of newly formed water ice on the surface. We find that newly formed ice deposits in the summer season have the same red-to-violet band image ratios as permanently bright deposits within the residual cap. We believe the newly formed ice accumulates in a continuous layer. To constrain the minimum amount of deposited ice, we used observed albedo data in conjunction with calculations using Mie theory for single scattering and a delta-Eddington approximation of radiative transfer for multiple scattering. The brightening could have been produced by a minimum of (1) a ~35-μm-thick layer of 50-μm-sized ice particles with 10% dust or (2) a ~14-μm-thick layer of 10-μm-sized ice particles with 50% dust.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/icar.1999.6300","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Bass, D.S., Herkenhoff, K.E., and Paige, D.A., 2000, Variability of Mars' North Polar water ice cap: I. Analysis of Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter imaging data: Icarus, v. 144, no. 2, p. 382-396, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6300.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"382","endPage":"396","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"144","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc132e4b08c986b32a4a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bass, Deborah S.","contributorId":36718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bass","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paige, David A.","contributorId":107891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paige","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022903,"text":"70022903 - 2000 - Sequence stratigraphy of the Aux Vases Sandstone: A major oil producer in the Illinois basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T18:04:28.477411","indexId":"70022903","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequence stratigraphy of the Aux Vases Sandstone: A major oil producer in the Illinois basin","docAbstract":"The Aux Vases Sandstone (Mississippian) has contributed between 10 and 25% of all the oil produced in Illinois. The Aux Vases is not only an important oil reservoir but is also an important source of groundwater, quarrying stone, and fluorspar. Using sequence stratigraphy, a more accurate stratigraphic interpretation of this economically important formation can be discerned and thereby enable more effective exploration for the resources contained therein. Previous studies have assumed that the underlying Spar Mountain, Karnak, and Joppa formations interfingered with the Aux Vases, as did the overlying Renault Limestone. This study demonstrates that these formations instead are separated by sequence boundaries; therefore, they are not genetically related to each other. A result of this sequence stratigraphic approach is the identification of incised valleys, paleotopography, and potential new hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Spar Mountain and Aux Vases. In eastern Illinois, the Aux Vases is bounded by sequence boundaries with 20 ft (6 m) of relief. The Aux Vases oil reservoir facies was deposited as a tidally influenced siliciclastic wedge that prograded over underlying carbonate-rich sediments. The Aux Vases sedimentary succession consists of offshore sediment overlain by intertidal and supratidal sediments. Low-permeability shales and carbonates typically surround the Aux Vases reservoir sandstone and thereby form numerous bypassed compartments from which additional oil can be recovered. The potential for new significant oil fields within the Aux Vases is great, as is the potential for undrained reservoir compartments within existing Aux Vases fields.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/C9EBCE05-1735-11D7-8645000102C1865D","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Leetaru, H., 2000, Sequence stratigraphy of the Aux Vases Sandstone: A major oil producer in the Illinois basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 84, no. 3, p. 399-422, https://doi.org/10.1306/C9EBCE05-1735-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"422","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.2911376953125,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 38.315801006824984\n ],\n [\n -90.3680419921875,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -90.2471923828125,\n 38.095659755295614\n ],\n [\n -90.0054931640625,\n 37.94852933714952\n ],\n [\n -89.9176025390625,\n 37.94852933714952\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 37.792422407988575\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 37.74465712069939\n ],\n [\n -89.53857421875,\n 37.67947293019486\n ],\n [\n -89.53857421875,\n 37.53586597792038\n ],\n [\n -89.439697265625,\n 37.4356124041315\n ],\n [\n -89.439697265625,\n 37.35705927979369\n ],\n [\n -89.5440673828125,\n 37.28716518793858\n ],\n [\n -89.373779296875,\n 37.03325468997236\n ],\n [\n -89.2913818359375,\n 36.97183825093165\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 37.01132594307015\n ],\n [\n -89.1265869140625,\n 37.10338413422305\n ],\n [\n -89.0167236328125,\n 37.199706196161735\n ],\n [\n -88.9398193359375,\n 37.21720611325497\n ],\n [\n -88.7310791015625,\n 37.13404537126446\n ],\n [\n -88.626708984375,\n 37.112145754751516\n ],\n [\n -88.57177734375,\n 37.06394430056685\n ],\n [\n -88.4674072265625,\n 37.068327517596586\n ],\n [\n -88.4014892578125,\n 37.15156050223665\n ],\n [\n -88.494873046875,\n 37.278423856453706\n ],\n [\n -88.44543457031249,\n 37.400710068740565\n ],\n [\n -88.4014892578125,\n 37.40943717748788\n ],\n [\n -88.363037109375,\n 37.374522644077246\n ],\n [\n -88.319091796875,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -88.165283203125,\n 37.461778479617465\n ],\n [\n -88.04443359375,\n 37.48793540168987\n ],\n [\n -88.1268310546875,\n 37.592471511019085\n ],\n [\n -88.143310546875,\n 37.65773212628272\n ],\n [\n -88.00048828124999,\n 37.783740105227224\n ],\n [\n -88.00048828124999,\n 37.913867495923746\n ],\n [\n -87.90710449218749,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -87.9400634765625,\n 38.225235239076824\n ],\n [\n -87.8192138671875,\n 38.27700093565902\n ],\n [\n -87.6324462890625,\n 38.50089258896462\n ],\n [\n -87.5885009765625,\n 38.62974534092597\n ],\n [\n -87.462158203125,\n 38.698372305893294\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 38.86109762182888\n ],\n [\n -87.82470703125,\n 38.826870521380634\n ],\n [\n -87.95654296875,\n 39.44043541908485\n ],\n [\n -88.2696533203125,\n 39.854937988531276\n ],\n [\n -88.9947509765625,\n 39.854937988531276\n ],\n [\n -89.5770263671875,\n 39.74521015328692\n ],\n [\n -89.813232421875,\n 39.42770738465604\n ],\n [\n -89.8516845703125,\n 39.11727568585598\n ],\n [\n -90.1153564453125,\n 38.83542884007305\n ],\n [\n -90.2197265625,\n 38.71551876930462\n ],\n [\n -90.186767578125,\n 38.62116234642254\n ],\n [\n -90.252685546875,\n 38.565347844885466\n ],\n [\n -90.2911376953125,\n 38.453588708941375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d4de4b08c986b318330","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leetaru, H.E.","contributorId":47123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leetaru","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022941,"text":"70022941 - 2000 - Active, capable, and potentially active faults - a paleoseismic perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70022941","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Active, capable, and potentially active faults - a paleoseismic perspective","docAbstract":"Maps of faults (geologically defined source zones) may portray seismic hazards in a wide range of completeness depending on which types of faults are shown. Three fault terms - active, capable, and potential - are used in a variety of ways for different reasons or applications. Nevertheless, to be useful for seismic-hazards analysis, fault maps should encompass a time interval that includes several earthquake cycles. For example, if the common recurrence in an area is 20,000-50,000 years, then maps should include faults that are 50,000-100,000 years old (two to five typical earthquake cycles), thus allowing for temporal variability in slip rate and recurrence intervals. Conversely, in more active areas such as plate boundaries, maps showing faults that are <10,000 years old should include those with at least 2 to as many as 20 paleoearthquakes. For the International Lithosphere Programs' Task Group II-2 Project on Major Active Faults of the World our maps and database will show five age categories and four slip rate categories that allow one to select differing time spans and activity rates for seismic-hazard analysis depending on tectonic regime. The maps are accompanied by a database that describes evidence for Quaternary faulting, geomorphic expression, and paleoseismic parameters (slip rate, recurrence interval and time of most recent surface faulting). These maps and databases provide an inventory of faults that would be defined as active, capable, and potentially active for seismic-hazard assessments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geodynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0264-3707(99)00060-5","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Machette, M.N., 2000, Active, capable, and potentially active faults - a paleoseismic perspective: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 29, no. 3-5, p. 387-392, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-3707(99)00060-5.","startPage":"387","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208046,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-3707(99)00060-5"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6aee4b0c8380cd475ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machette, M. N.","contributorId":19561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022862,"text":"70022862 - 2000 - Trapping and migration of methane associated with the gas hydrate stability zone at the Blake Ridge Diapir: New insights from seismic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:59:55","indexId":"70022862","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trapping and migration of methane associated with the gas hydrate stability zone at the Blake Ridge Diapir: New insights from seismic data","docAbstract":"The Blake Ridge Diapir is the southernmost of a line of salt diapirs along the Carolina trough. Diapirs cause faulting of the superjacent sediments, creating pathways for migration of fluids and gas to the seafloor. We analyzed reflection seismic data from the Blake Ridge Diapir, which is located in a region with known abundant gas hydrate occurrence. A striking feature in these data is a significant shallowing of the base of gas hydrate stability (BGHS) over the center of the diapir. The seafloor is warped up by about 100 m above the diapir, from about 2300 m to about 2200 m. The BGHS, as indicated by a bottom simulating reflection (BSR), is about 4.5 s off the flanks of the diapir, rising to about 4.15 s at the center. Above the diapir, a fault system appears to rise vertically from the BGHS to about 0.05 s below the seafloor (40-50 m); it then diverges into several steeply dipping faults that breach the seafloor and cover an area ~700 m in diameter. Other secondary faults diverge from the main fault or emerge directly from the BGHS near the crest of the diapir. Gas and other fluids may migrate upward through the faults. We performed complex trace analysis to compare the reflection strength and instantaneous frequency along individual reflections. A low-frequency anomaly over the center of the diapir indicates high seismic attenuation. This is interpreted to be caused by migration of fluids (probably methane) along fault pathways. The migration of gas (i.e. probably mainly methane) through the gas hydrate stability zone is not yet understood. We speculate that pore fluids in the faults may be too warm and too salty to form gas hydrate, even at depths where gas hydrate is stable away from the diapir. Alternatively, gas hydrates may seal the fault walls such that water supply is too low to transform all the gas into gas hydrates. The shallowing of the BSR may reflect increased heatflow above the diapir either caused by the high thermal conductivity of the underlying salt or by advective heat transport along with fluids. High pore water salinity shifts the gas hydrate stability to lower temperatures and may also play a significant role in BSR shallowing. We, therefore, investigated the possible effect of pore water salinity on shallowing of the BSR. We found that BSR shallowing may theoretically be entirely caused by increased salinity over the diapir, although geologically this would not be reasonable. This observation demonstrates the potential importance of pore water salinity for lateral variations of BSR depths, in particular, above salt structures: (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(99)00128-0","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Taylor, M., Dillon, W.P., and Pecher, I., 2000, Trapping and migration of methane associated with the gas hydrate stability zone at the Blake Ridge Diapir: New insights from seismic data, in Marine Geology, v. 164, no. 1-2, p. 79-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(99)00128-0.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"89","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208264,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(99)00128-0"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Blake Ridge Diapir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82,\n 30.107117887092357\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 30.107117887092357\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 30.107117887092357\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"164","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb76de4b08c986b327276","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, M.H.","contributorId":37108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pecher, I.A.","contributorId":14011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pecher","given":"I.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003578,"text":"1003578 - 2000 - National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T15:29:10","indexId":"1003578","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., Miller, K.J., Glaser, L., Creekmore, T., and Schrader, A., 2000, National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 36, no. 3, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, K. 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Hydrologic landscapes are defined by the flow characteristics of ground water and surface water and by the interaction of atmospheric water, surface water, and ground water for any given locality or region. Six general hydrologic landscapes are defined; mountainous, plateau and high plain, broad basins of interior drainage, riverine, flat coastal, and hummocky glacial and dune. Assessment of these landscapes indicate that the vulnerability of all wetlands to climate change fall between two extremes: those dependent primarily on precipitation for their water supply are highly vulnerable, and those dependent primarily on discharge from regional ground water flow systems are the least vulnerable, because of the great buffering capacity of large ground water flow systems to climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04269.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 2000, The vulnerability of wetlands to climate change: A hydrologic landscape perspective: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 2, p. 305-311, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04269.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"311","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1cae4b08c986b3253f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003579,"text":"1003579 - 2000 - National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T06:27:17","indexId":"1003579","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","title":"National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"WDA","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., Miller, K.J., Glaser, L., Creekmore, T., and Schrader, A., 2000, National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 36, no. 2, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Kimberli J.G. 0000-0002-7947-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-0894","contributorId":81447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kimberli","email":"","middleInitial":"J.G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":313584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glaser, L.","contributorId":81051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Creekmore, T.","contributorId":74335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creekmore","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schrader, A.","contributorId":104435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023093,"text":"70023093 - 2000 - Regoliths of the middle-Atlantic Piedmont and evolution of a polymorphic landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023093","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regoliths of the middle-Atlantic Piedmont and evolution of a polymorphic landscape","docAbstract":"The regolith overlying the alumino-silicate rocks of the middle-Atlantic Piedmont Province consists primarily of saprolite with a thin veneer of diamictons of colluvial origin. Thickness and distribution of the saprolite is related to landform and lithology. For example, on uplands isovolumetric weathering of the Loch Raven Schist produces saprolite averaging 55 ft (17 m) thick. On Port Deposit Gneiss, saprolite beneath uplands averages 42 ft (13 m) in thickness. The saprolite results from the reaction of alumino-silicate rocks with through-flowing groundwater. Chemical weathering of the rock results in clay and resistate minerals, residual rock layers, corestones, and pinnacles. Surface erosion of saprolite with quartzite and metagraywacke residual layers may produce a 'washboard' topography. Surface erosion of a metagabbro saprolite containing corestones and pinnacles results in a surface with lag deposits of corestones and emergent pinnacles. The diamicton material comes from the underlying saprolite, weathered rock and bedrock. Generally, diamictons are thinner on uplands and upper slopes, and thicker at the base of slopes and in hollows and gathering areas of first-order streams. The saprolite and colluvium reflect response of geomorphic processes (chemical weathering, fluvial incision, and periglacial processes) to rock lithology and landscape. The modifications to the landscape have been driven by neotectonic crustal warping and alternating periglacial-humid temperate climates. Altogether these varied interactions have resulted in a Holocene polymorphic landscape.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Cleaves, E., 2000, Regoliths of the middle-Atlantic Piedmont and evolution of a polymorphic landscape: Southeastern Geology, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. 199-222.","startPage":"199","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5bbe4b0e8fec6cdbfc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleaves, E.T.","contributorId":41148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleaves","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003595,"text":"1003595 - 2000 - Effects of malaria (Plasmodium relicturm) on activity budgets of experimentally-infected juvenile Apapane (Himatione sanquinea)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T21:43:26.789893","indexId":"1003595","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of malaria (Plasmodium relicturm) on activity budgets of experimentally-infected juvenile Apapane (Himatione sanquinea)","title":"Effects of malaria (Plasmodium relicturm) on activity budgets of experimentally-infected juvenile Apapane (Himatione sanquinea)","docAbstract":"We used behavioral, physiological, and parasitological measures to document effects of acute malarial infections on activity budgets of experimentally infected juvenile Apapane (Himatione sanguinea). Five of eight birds died within 20 to 32 days after exposure to a single infective mosquito bite. Infected Apapane devoted less time to locomotory activities involving flight, walking or hopping, and stationary activities such as singing, preening, feeding, and probing. The amount of time spent sitting was positively correlated with parasitemia and increased dramatically after infection and between treatment and control groups. Birds that succumbed to infection experienced a significant loss of body mass and subcutaneous fat, whereas surviving Apapane were better able to maintain body condition and fat levels. When rechallenged with the parasite five months after initial infection, surviving birds experienced no increase in parasitemia, indicating that they had become immune to reinfection. Regardless of the outcome, infected birds experienced acute illness that would have left them unable to forage or to escape from predators in the wild.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/auk/117.3.731","usgsCitation":"Yorinks, N., and Atkinson, C., 2000, Effects of malaria (Plasmodium relicturm) on activity budgets of experimentally-infected juvenile Apapane (Himatione sanquinea): The Auk, v. 117, no. 3, p. 731-738, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.3.731.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"738","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.3.731","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.39268493652344,\n 19.684616755836014\n ],\n [\n -155.35766601562497,\n 19.590844152960933\n ],\n [\n -155.3425598144531,\n 19.593431717434534\n ],\n [\n -155.3350067138672,\n 19.585668899245324\n ],\n [\n -155.31784057617188,\n 19.581140415802636\n ],\n [\n -155.31234741210938,\n 19.563672215812247\n ],\n [\n -155.2814483642578,\n 19.55914311419191\n ],\n [\n -155.28968811035156,\n 19.556554999011606\n ],\n [\n -155.28762817382812,\n 19.524200056664977\n ],\n [\n -155.24368286132812,\n 19.54231962329661\n ],\n [\n -155.2471160888672,\n 19.56108417332036\n ],\n [\n -155.2361297607422,\n 19.557202031700292\n ],\n [\n -155.2265167236328,\n 19.56431921994436\n ],\n [\n -155.20591735839844,\n 19.566907210507278\n ],\n [\n -155.15785217285156,\n 19.583728136218767\n ],\n [\n -155.13107299804688,\n 19.601841014680073\n ],\n [\n -155.1921844482422,\n 19.643880905066716\n ],\n [\n -155.26359558105466,\n 19.66004716375015\n ],\n [\n -155.26016235351562,\n 19.66909955693699\n ],\n [\n -155.39268493652344,\n 19.684616755836014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eca6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yorinks, N.","contributorId":24756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yorinks","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, C. T.","contributorId":29349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022894,"text":"70022894 - 2000 - Influence of costocking on growth of young-of-year brook trout and rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T15:30:15.121506","indexId":"70022894","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of costocking on growth of young-of-year brook trout and rainbow trout","docAbstract":"We examined the effects of costocking on growth of hatchery-produced young-of-year brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in the laboratory. Fry of both species (brook trout = 0.16 ± 0.01 g; rainbow trout = 0.18 ± 0.01 g; mean weight ± standard deviation) were stocked into 400-L recirculation raceways at a rate of 100 fish/raceway and were held at 12°C. Raceways received either rainbow trout only (n = 3), brook trout only (n = 3), or half brook trout and half rainbow trout (n = 3). Trout were fed a commercial trout feed three times per day at an initial rate of 10% body weight/d, which was reduced to 3% body weight/d by the 6th week of the study as a result of a buildup of excess feed. After 8 weeks of similar treatment, brook trout were significantly larger than rainbow trout (in terms of length and weight) when they were stocked alone. However, rainbow trout were significantly larger than brook trout (in terms of length and weight) in the costocked treatment. A second phase of the study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ration level on growth of costocked brook and rainbow trout using low (2% body weight/d), medium (4% body weight/d), and high (6% body weight/d) ration levels. After 8 weeks, rainbow trout were significantly larger than brook trout (in terms of length and weight) in all costocked feeding treatments. This suggests that behavioral interaction might have resulted in decreased growth of brook trout when they were costocked with rainbow trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0613:IOCOGO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Isely, J.J., and Kempton, C., 2000, Influence of costocking on growth of young-of-year brook trout and rainbow trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 2, p. 613-617, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0613:IOCOGO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"617","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b1ce4b0c8380cd6223a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kempton, Chris","contributorId":53127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kempton","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159393,"text":"70159393 - 2000 - Identifying populations potentially exposed to agricultural pesticides using remote sensing and a Geographic Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-17T15:57:43.847017","indexId":"70159393","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying populations potentially exposed to agricultural pesticides using remote sensing and a Geographic Information System","docAbstract":"Pesticides used in agriculture may cause adverse health effects among the population living near agricultural areas. However, identifying the populations most likely to be exposed is difficult. We conducted a feasibility study to determine whether satellite imagery could be used to reconstruct historical crop patterns. We used historical Farm Service Agency records as a source of ground reference data to classify a late summer 1984 satellite image into crop species in a three-county area in south central Nebraska. Residences from a population-based epidemiologic study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were located on the crop maps using a geographic information system (GIS). Corn, soybeans, sorghum, and alfalfa were the major crops grown in the study area. Eighty-five percent of residences could be located, and of these 22% had one of the four major crops within 500 m of the residence, an intermediate distance for the range of drift effects from pesticides applied in agriculture. We determined the proximity of residences to specific crop species and calculated crop-specific probabilities of pesticide use based on available data. This feasibility study demonstrated that remote sensing data and historical records on crop location can be used to create historical crop maps. The crop pesticides that were likely to have been applied can be estimated when information about crop-specific pesticide use is available. Using a GIS, zones of potential exposure to agricultural pesticides and proximity measures can be determined for residences in a study.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Institutes of Health","doi":"10.1289/ehp.001085","usgsCitation":"Ward, M.H., Nuckols, J.R., Weigel, S.J., Maxwell, S.K., Cantor, K.P., and Miller, R.S., 2000, Identifying populations potentially exposed to agricultural pesticides using remote sensing and a Geographic Information System: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 108, no. 1, p. 5-12, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.001085.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.001085","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Adams County, Buffalo County, Hall County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.2829,40.6992],[-98.278,40.6987],[-98.2796,40.6107],[-98.2797,40.5794],[-98.2799,40.5699],[-98.2797,40.5277],[-98.2798,40.524],[-98.278,40.3512],[-98.3443,40.3516],[-98.3829,40.3512],[-98.3878,40.3513],[-98.4964,40.3526],[-98.5006,40.3518],[-98.6098,40.3521],[-98.7244,40.352],[-98.7247,40.4368],[-98.7262,40.6894],[-98.7384,40.6873],[-98.7487,40.6874],[-98.7554,40.687],[-98.7688,40.6853],[-98.7785,40.6827],[-98.7919,40.6796],[-98.7998,40.6797],[-98.8107,40.6776],[-98.818,40.6767],[-98.8307,40.6755],[-98.8357,40.6719],[-98.8527,40.6652],[-98.8594,40.6653],[-98.8661,40.6604],[-98.8758,40.6591],[-98.8849,40.6605],[-98.8898,40.6592],[-98.8977,40.6557],[-98.9026,40.6539],[-98.9202,40.6549],[-98.9365,40.6542],[-98.9462,40.6565],[-98.9589,40.6553],[-98.9849,40.66],[-98.9965,40.6565],[-99.0031,40.6561],[-99.0183,40.658],[-99.0268,40.6563],[-99.0341,40.6536],[-99.0698,40.653],[-99.0874,40.6549],[-99.1025,40.6577],[-99.1219,40.6542],[-99.1388,40.6603],[-99.1534,40.6576],[-99.1794,40.6587],[-99.2061,40.6589],[-99.2194,40.6599],[-99.2382,40.6591],[-99.2521,40.6623],[-99.2606,40.6619],[-99.2842,40.6602],[-99.2848,40.6598],[-99.2927,40.6626],[-99.3024,40.6667],[-99.306,40.6676],[-99.3145,40.6686],[-99.3356,40.671],[-99.346,40.6665],[-99.352,40.6656],[-99.369,40.6652],[-99.3775,40.6644],[-99.3926,40.6653],[-99.4114,40.6663],[-99.4168,40.6686],[-99.4166,40.6995],[-99.4269,40.7],[-99.4249,40.8732],[-99.4248,40.9599],[-99.4247,41.0466],[-99.3199,41.0479],[-99.2078,41.0477],[-99.0647,41.0471],[-98.9763,41.0469],[-98.9495,41.0462],[-98.7484,41.0476],[-98.7228,41.0474],[-98.5175,41.0483],[-98.286,41.0468],[-98.2826,40.9596],[-98.2829,40.8725],[-98.2829,40.6992]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Adams\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562f4eb8e4b093cee780a29c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Mary H.","contributorId":92550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuckols, John R.","contributorId":87037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuckols","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weigel, Stephanie J.","contributorId":149432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weigel","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maxwell, Susan K.","contributorId":90198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cantor, Kenneth P.","contributorId":47252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cantor","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Ryan S.","contributorId":49005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1015070,"text":"1015070 - 2000 - Channel incision and patterns of cottonwood stress and mortality along the Mojave River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T16:24:43","indexId":"1015070","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel incision and patterns of cottonwood stress and mortality along the Mojave River, California","docAbstract":"In 1995, mapping and classification of riparian vegetation along the Mojave River in southern California revealed an 8-km reach in which riparian cottonwoods (Populus fremontii Wats.) were stressed or dying. We tested a set of predictions based on the inference that cottonwood decline was an indirect result of lowered water-table levels following flood-related channel incision. Comparisons of topographic cross-sections from 1963 and 1997, indicated a net change in channel elevation between −0·71 and −3·6 m within zones of cottonwood stress and mortality. Ages of young cottonwood and willow stems adjacent to the present channel and radial stem growth of surviving cottonwoods were consistent with the inference that channel incision, associated with sustained flooding in January and February of 1993, lowered channel elevations throughout the affected reach. Well records and soil redoximorphic features indicate that channel incision caused net water-table declines ⩾1·5 m on portions of the adjacent flood plain where cottonwood stand mortality ranged between 58 and 93%. In areas where water-table declines were estimated to be <1·0 m, stand mortality was 7–13%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/jare.1999.0614","usgsCitation":"Scott, M.L., Lines, G.C., and Auble, G., 2000, Channel incision and patterns of cottonwood stress and mortality along the Mojave River, California: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 44, no. 4, p. 399-414, https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0614.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"414","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e60b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":75090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lines, G. C.","contributorId":30577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lines","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015074,"text":"1015074 - 2000 - Elk, beaver, and the persistence of willows in national parks: Response to Keigley (1999)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T10:13:44","indexId":"1015074","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elk, beaver, and the persistence of willows in national parks: Response to Keigley (1999)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Local variations in boundary shear stress acting on bed‐surface particles control patterns of bed load transport and channel evolution during varying stream discharges. At the reach scale a channel adjusts to imposed water and sediment supply through mutual interactions among channel form, local grain size, and local flow dynamics that govern bed mobility. In order to explore these adjustments, we used a numerical flow model to examine relations between model‐predicted local boundary shear stress (тj( and measured surface particle size (D50) at bank‐full discharge in six gravel‐bed, alternate‐bar channels with widely differing annual sediment yields. Values of тj and D50 were poorly correlated such that small areas conveyed large proportions of the total bed load, especially in sediment‐poor channels with low mobility. Sediment‐rich channels had greater areas of full mobility; sediment‐poor channels had greater areas of partial mobility; and both types had significant areas that were essentially immobile. Two reach‐mean mobility parameters (Shields stress and Q*) correlated reasonably well with sediment supply. Values which can be practicably obtained from carefully measured mean hydraulic variables and particle size would provide first‐order assessments of bed mobility that would broadly distinguish the channels in this study according to their sediment yield and bed mobility.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900238","usgsCitation":"Lisle, T.E., Nelson, J.M., Pitlick, J., Madej, M.A., and Barkett, B.L., 2000, Variability of bed mobility in natural, gravel‐bed channels and adjustments to sediment load at local and reach scales: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 12, p. 3743-3755, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900238.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3743","endPage":"3755","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900238","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688dc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisle, Thomas E.","contributorId":124570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lisle","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitlick, John","contributorId":168765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitlick","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25358,"text":"University of Colorado, Geography Dept., Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":316974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barkett, Brent L.","contributorId":124576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barkett","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015095,"text":"1015095 - 2000 - Correlates to colonizations of new patches by translocated populations of bighorn sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T13:19:13","indexId":"1015095","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlates to colonizations of new patches by translocated populations of bighorn sheep","docAbstract":"By 1950, bighorn sheep were extirpated from large areas of their range. Most extant populations of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the Intermountain West consist of <100 individuals occurring in a fragmented distribution across the landscape. Dispersal and successful colonizations of unoccupied habitat patches has been rarely reported, and, in particular, translocated populations have been characterized by limited population growth and limited dispersal rates. Restoration of the species is greatly assisted by dispersal and successful colonization of new patches within a metapopulation structure versus the existing scenario of negligible dispersal and fragmented, small populations. We investigated the correlates for the rate of colonizations of 79 suitable, but unoccupied, patches by 31 translocated populations of bighorn sheep released into nearby patches of habitat. Population growth rates of bighorn sheep in the release patches were correlated to Ne of the founder group, and early contact with a second released population in a nearby release patch (logistic regression, p = 0.08). Largest population size of all extant released populations in 1994 was correlated to potential Ne of the founder group, the number of different source populations represented in the founder, and early contact with a second released population (p = 0.016). Dispersal rates were 100% higher in rams than ewes (p = 0.001). Successful colonizations of unoccupied patches (n = 24 of 79 were colonized) were associated with rapid growth rates in the released population, years since release, larger area of suitable habitat in the release patch, larger population sizes, and a seasonal migratory tendency in the released population (p = 0.05). Fewer water barriers, more open vegetation and more rugged, broken terrain in the intervening habitat were also associated with colonizations (p = <0.05). We concluded that high dispersal rates and rapid reoccupation of large areas could occur if bighorn sheep are placed in large patches of habitat with few barriers to movements to other patches and with no domestic sheep present. Many restorations in the past that did not meet these criteria may have contributed to an insular population structure of bighorn sheep with limited observations of dispersal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80068.x","usgsCitation":"Singer, F.J., Moses, M., Bellew, S., and Sloan, W., 2000, Correlates to colonizations of new patches by translocated populations of bighorn sheep: Restoration Ecology, v. 8, no. 4S, p. 66-74, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80068.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684883","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moses, M.E.","contributorId":57412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moses","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bellew, S.","contributorId":49744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellew","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sloan, W.","contributorId":60165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloan","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015097,"text":"1015097 - 2000 - Investigation of denitrification rates in an ammonia-dominated constructed wastewater treatment wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T11:36:40","indexId":"1015097","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of denitrification rates in an ammonia-dominated constructed wastewater treatment wetland","docAbstract":"Denitrification measurements were made under simulated field conditions using sediment cores and water collected from the Hemet/San Jacinto Multipurpose Demonstration Wetland (Riverside County, California, USA). The 9.9 ha constructed wetland is used to both polish ammonia-dominated secondary municipal effluent and provide migratory bird habitat. The wetland was originally constructed as a marsh-pond-marsh system in 1994. Over the period from January through March 1998, measured denitrification rates averaged 20.9 ± 20.9 μmol N m−2 h−1 within the emergent marsh portions of the wetland and 646 ± 353 μmol N m−2 h−1 in open water areas. The mean areal denitrification removal rate for this period was 0.70 kg N ha−1 d−1, which accounted for about 8% of the total N removed by the wetland. Internal retention was the main N-removal mechanism. Synoptic water quality surveys indicated that denitrification was limited by a lack of nitrification within the wetland. Between April 1998 and January 1999, the wetland was reconfigured as a hemi-marsh system, having equal areas of interspersed emergent marsh and deep open water. In May 1999, measured denitrification rates averaged 1414 ± 298 μmol N m−2 h−1 within the emergent marsh zones and 682 ± 218 μmol N m−2 h−1 in the open water areas. The mean areal denitrification removal rate was 3.58 kg N ha−1 d−1, which accounted for 40% of the total N removed by the wetland. A synoptic water quality survey indicated that nitrification within the wetland had been enhanced by the reduction of emergent macrophyte biomass and the increase in the area of interspersed deep open water. The modifications to the wetland shifted the nitrogen balance from a large internal storage component and a small denitrification component in 1998 to a more denitrifying system in 1999.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0684:IODRIA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Smith, L.K., Sartoris, J., Thullen, J., and Andersen, D., 2000, Investigation of denitrification rates in an ammonia-dominated constructed wastewater treatment wetland: Wetlands, v. 20, no. 4, p. 684-696, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0684:IODRIA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"684","endPage":"696","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c5e4b07f02db53f378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Lesley K.","contributorId":82657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lesley","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sartoris, J.J.","contributorId":84310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartoris","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thullen, J.S.","contributorId":16361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thullen","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014073,"text":"1014073 - 2000 - Evaluation of tag types and adhesives for marking freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:09","indexId":"1014073","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of tag types and adhesives for marking freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Shellfish Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"00-084/AE","usgsCitation":"Lemarie, D.P., Smith, D., Villella, R., and Weller, D., 2000, Evaluation of tag types and adhesives for marking freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae): Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 19, no. 1, p. 247-250.","productDescription":"p. 247-250","startPage":"247","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fab22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemarie, D. P.","contributorId":23100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemarie","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":319731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Villella, R.F.","contributorId":53323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villella","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weller, D.A.","contributorId":25893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015098,"text":"1015098 - 2000 - Modeling and estimation of stage-specific daily survival probabilities of nests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T21:41:00","indexId":"1015098","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling and estimation of stage-specific daily survival probabilities of nests","docAbstract":"In studies of avian nesting success, it is often of interest to estimate stage-specific daily survival probabilities of nests. When data can be partitioned by nesting stage (e.g., incubation stage, nestling stage), piecewise application of the Mayfield method or Johnson's method is appropriate. However, when the data contain nests where the transition from one stage to the next occurred during the interval between visits, piecewise approaches are inappropriate. In this paper, I present a model that allows joint estimation of stage-specific daily survival probabilities even when the time of transition between stages is unknown. The model allows interval lengths between visits to nests to vary, and the exact time of failure of nests does not need to be known. The performance of the model at various sample sizes and interval lengths between visits was investigated using Monte Carlo simulations, and it was found that the model performed quite well: bias was small and confidence-interval coverage was at the nominal 95% rate. A SAS program for obtaining maximum likelihood estimates of parameters, and their standard errors, is provided in the Appendix.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[2048:MAEOSS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T., 2000, Modeling and estimation of stage-specific daily survival probabilities of nests: Ecology, v. 81, no. 7, p. 2048-2053, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[2048:MAEOSS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2048","endPage":"2053","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db61215e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015099,"text":"1015099 - 2000 - Monitoring shifts in plant diversity in response to climate change: A method for landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-18T09:50:00","indexId":"1015099","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring shifts in plant diversity in response to climate change: A method for landscapes","docAbstract":"Improved sampling designs are needed to detect, monitor, and predict plant migrations and plant diversity changes caused by climate change and other human activities. We propose a methodology based on multi-scale vegetation plots established across forest ecotones which provide baseline data on patterns of plant diversity, invasions of exotic plant species, and plant migrations at landscape scales in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. We established forty two 1000-m2 plots in relatively homogeneous forest types and the ecotones between them on 14 vegetation transects. We found that 64% of the variance in understory species distributions at landscape scales were described generally by gradients of elevation and under-canopy solar radiation. Superimposed on broad-scale climatic gradients are small-scale gradients characterized by patches of light, pockets of fertile soil, and zones of high soil moisture. Eighteen of the 42 plots contained at least one exotic species; monitoring exotic plant invasions provides a means to assess changes in native plant diversity and plant migrations. Plant species showed weak affinities to overstory vegetation types, with 43% of the plant species found in three or more vegetation types. Replicate transects along several environmental gradients may provide the means to monitor plant diversity and species migrations at landscape scales because: (1) ecotones may play crucial roles in expanding the geophysiological ranges of many plant species; (2) low affinities of understory species to overstory forest types may predispose vegetation types to be resilient to rapid environmental change; and (3) ecotones may help buffer plant species from extirpation and extinction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1008995726486","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., Owen, A., and Lee, M., 2000, Monitoring shifts in plant diversity in response to climate change: A method for landscapes: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 9, no. 1, p. 65-86, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008995726486.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"86","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69908d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owen, A.J.","contributorId":62557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, M.","contributorId":32484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021946,"text":"70021946 - 2000 - Period doubling and other nonlinear phenomena in volcanic earthquakes and tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T16:04:09","indexId":"70021946","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Period doubling and other nonlinear phenomena in volcanic earthquakes and tremor","docAbstract":"Evidence of subharmonic period-doubling cascades has recently been recognized in seismograms of volcanic tremor from several volcanoes. This phenomenon occurs only in nonlinear systems, and is the commonest route by which such systems change from periodic to chaotic behavior. It is predicted to occur in a model of volcanic tremor excitation by flow-induced vibration, and it might well also occur in other volcano-seismic source process. If the possibility of period doubling is not taken into account in interpreting spectra of tremor and long-period earthquakes, then low-frequency \"sub-harmonic\" oscillations may be mis-identified as normal modes of a linear acoustic resonator, leading to errors of an order of magnitude or more in inferred magma-body dimensions. This example illustrates the importance of nonlinear phenomena in attempts to understand volcano-seismic phenomena physically. Linear systems are fundamentally incapable of causing earthquakes or exciting tremor, so nonlinearity is essential to any theory of volcano-seismic phenomena. Nonlinear processes are in many respects qualitatively different from linear ones. A few of their characteristics that might be relevant in volcanoes include the possibility: (1) that damping might increase, rather than decrease, oscillation frequencies; and (2) that these frequencies might be functions of the amplitude of oscillation, so that temporal variations in spectral peak frequencies might not be manifestations of changes of conditions within the magmatic system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00165-7","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Julian, B., 2000, Period doubling and other nonlinear phenomena in volcanic earthquakes and tremor: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 101, no. 1-2, p. 19-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00165-7.","startPage":"19","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00165-7"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7696e4b0c8380cd781d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007943,"text":"1007943 - 2000 - Tidal influence on spatial dynamics of leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata, in Tomales Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T17:31:54","indexId":"1007943","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal influence on spatial dynamics of leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata, in Tomales Bay, California","docAbstract":"We used ultrasonic telemetry to determine the movement directions and movement rates of leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata, in Tomales Bay, California. To analyze tide and time of day effects, we surgically implanted transmitters in the peritoneal cavities of one male and five female leopard sharks, which we located during summer for three to five sampling sessions lasting 12 to 24 h each. All leopard sharks showed strong movement direction patterns with tide. During incoming tides, sharks moved significantly (p<0.0001) towards the inner bay, apparently to exploit the extensive inner bay muddy littoral zones' food resources. On outgoing tides, sharks showed significant (p<0.0001) movements towards the outer bay. During high tide, there was no discernible pattern to their movements (p=0.092). Shark movement rates were significantly (p<0.0001) greater during dark periods (mean±SE: 10.5±1.0 m min−1), compared with fully lighted ones (6.7±0.5 m min−1). Movement rates of longer sharks tended to be greater than those of shorter ones (range means±SE: 5.8±0.6 m min−1 for the 91 cm shark, to 12.8±1.6 m min−1 for the 119 cm shark), but the leopard sharks' overall mean movement rate (8.1±0.5 m min−1) was slower than other (more pelagic) sharks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1007657019696","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Kondratieff, M.C., Matern, S.A., and Cech, J.J., 2000, Tidal influence on spatial dynamics of leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata, in Tomales Bay, California: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 58, no. 1, p. 33-43, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007657019696.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b7b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kondratieff, Matthew C.","contributorId":21901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matern, Scott A.","contributorId":175067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matern","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cech, Joseph J.","contributorId":167340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cech","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24695,"text":"Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":316362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}