In spring 1996 and 1997, we studied the prototype surface bypass and collector (SBC) at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River in Washington. Our objectives were to determine the most efficient SBC configuration and to describe smolt movements and swimming behavior in the forebay. To do this, we used hydroacoustic and radiotelemetry techniques. The SBC was retrofitted onto the upstream face of the north half of the powerhouse to test the surface bypass method of diverting smolts from turbines. The SBC had three entrances, with mean velocities ranging from 0.37 to 1.92 m/s, and it discharged 113 m3/s through its outlet at Spill Bay 1, which was adjacent to the powerhouse. Different SBC configurations were created by altering the size and shape of entrances. During spring 1996 and 1997, river discharge was well above normal (123 and 154% of average, respectively). Powerhouse operations caused a strong downward component of flow upstream of the SBC. Many smolts (primarily steelhead and secondarily chinook salmon) were observed actively swimming upward in the water column. There were four times as many smolts diverted from turbines per unit volume of water with SBC flow than with spill flow, which indicated that the SBC may be an especially important bypass consideration in moderate- or low-flow years. The highest SBC efficiency (the proportion of total fish passing through the north half of the powerhouse by all routes that passed through the SBC) for any configuration tested was about 40%. Although no single SBC configuration stood out as the most efficient, the horizontal surface and maximum area configurations, or some combination of the two, are worth further investigation because they were moderately efficient.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0381:EOTPSB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.E., Adams, N., Johnson, R.L., Rondorf, D., Dauble, D., and Barila, T., 2000, Evaluation of the prototype surface bypass for salmonid smolts in Spring 1996 and 1997 at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, Washington: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 2, p. 381-397, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0381:EOTPSB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"397","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.45277404785158,\n 46.69572695872617\n ],\n [\n -117.46221542358398,\n 46.69231245343321\n ],\n [\n -117.44951248168947,\n 46.66416399878266\n ],\n [\n -117.43062973022461,\n 46.6508502096111\n ],\n [\n -117.39131927490234,\n 46.64071539449768\n ],\n [\n -117.37466812133789,\n 46.65108588039371\n ],\n [\n -117.44367599487305,\n 46.67994778351063\n ],\n [\n -117.44985580444336,\n 46.69278343251575\n ],\n [\n -117.45277404785158,\n 46.69572695872617\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cf0e4b0c8380cd52d63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, G. E.","contributorId":103261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":395228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":93175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Robert L.","contributorId":41998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dauble, D.D.","contributorId":107888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dauble","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barila, T.Y.","contributorId":13410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barila","given":"T.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022534,"text":"70022534 - 2000 - Bed material transport in the Virgin River, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:25:25","indexId":"70022534","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bed material transport in the Virgin River, Utah","docAbstract":"Detailed information concerning the rate and particle size distribution of bed material transport by streamflows can be very difficult and expensive to obtain, especially where peak streamflows are brief and bed material is poorly sorted, including some very large boulders. Such streams, however, are common in steep, arid watersheds. Any computational approach must consider that (1) only the smaller particle sizes present on the streambed move even during large floods and (2) the largest bed particles exert a significant form drag on the flow. Conventional methods that rely on a single particle size to estimate the skin friction shear stress acting on the mobile fraction of the bed material perform poorly. Instead, for this study, the skin friction shear stress was calculated for the observed range of streamflows by calculating the form drag exerted on the reach‐averaged flow field by all particle sizes. Suspended and bed load transported rates computed from reach‐averaged skin friction shear stress are in excellent agreement with measured transport rates. The computed mean annual bed material load, including both bed load and suspended load, of the East Fork Virgin River for the water years 1992‐1996 was approximately 1.3×10 5 t. A large portion of the bed material load consists of sand‐sized particles, 0.062–1.0 mm in diameter, that are transported in suspension. Such particles, however, constituted only 10% of the surface bed material and less than 25% of the subsurface bed material. The mean annual quantity of bed load transported was 1060 t/yr with a median size of 15 mm.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900257","usgsCitation":"Andrews, E., 2000, Bed material transport in the Virgin River, Utah: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 2, p. 585-596, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900257.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"596","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900257","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Virgin River","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f03be4b0c8380cd4a678","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022331,"text":"70022331 - 2000 - A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T11:31:59","indexId":"70022331","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone","docAbstract":"Using the Northridge earthquake as an example, we demonstrate a new technique able to resolve apparent stress within subfaults of a larger fault plane. From the model of Wald et al. (1996), we estimated apparent stress for each subfault using τa = (G/β)<Ḋ>/2 where G is the modulus of rigidity, β is the shear wave speed, and <Ḋ> is the average slip rate. The image of apparent stress mapped over the Northridge fault plane supports the idea that the stresses causing fault slip are inhomogeneous, but limited by the strength of the crust. Indeed, over the depth range 5 to 17 km, maximum values of apparent stress for a given depth interval agree with τa(max)=0.06S(z), where S is the laboratory estimate of crustal strength as a function of depth z. The seismic energy from each subfault was estimated from the product τaDA, where A is subfault area and D its slip. Over the fault zone, we found that the radiated energy is quite variable spatially, with more than 50% of the total coming from just 15% of the subfaults.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1999GL011344","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., and Fletcher, J.B., 2000, A method for mapping apparent stress and energy radiation applied to the 1994 Northridge earthquake fault zone: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 13, p. 1953-1956, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011344.","startPage":"1953","endPage":"1956","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011344"},{"id":230607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e454e4b0c8380cd465ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022637,"text":"70022637 - 2000 - Corrosivities in a pilot-scale combustor of a British and two Illinois coals with varying chlorine contents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T21:08:12","indexId":"70022637","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1710,"text":"Fuel Processing Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Corrosivities in a pilot-scale combustor of a British and two Illinois coals with varying chlorine contents","docAbstract":"Many US boiler manufacturers have recommended limits on the chlorine (Cl) content (< 0.25% or < 0.3%) of coals to be used in their boilers. These limits were based primarily on extrapolation of British coal data to predict the probable corrosion behavior of US coals. Even though Cl-related boiler corrosion has not been reported by US utilities burning high-Cl Illinois coals, the manufacturer's limits affect the marketability of high-Cl Illinois coals. This study measured the relative rates of corrosion caused by two high-Cl coals (British and Illinois) and one low-Cl Illinois baseline coal under identical pilot-scale combustion conditions for about 1000 h which gave reliable comparisons. Temperatures used reflected conditions in boiler superheaters. The corrosion probes were fabricated from commercial alloy 304SS frequently used at the hottest superheater section of utility boilers. The results showed no evidence of direct correlation between the coal chlorine content and rate of corrosion. A correlation between the rate of corrosion and the metal temperature was obvious. The results suggested that the different field histories of corrosivity from burning high-Cl Illinois coal and high-Cl British coal occurred because of different metal temperatures operated in US and UK utility boilers. The results of this study can be combined into a database, which could be used for lifting the limits on chlorine contents of coals burned in utility boilers in the US.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fuel Processing Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0378-3820(00)00066-7","issn":"03783820","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., Lytle, J., Kung, S., and Ho, K., 2000, Corrosivities in a pilot-scale combustor of a British and two Illinois coals with varying chlorine contents: Fuel Processing Technology, v. 64, no. 1, p. 167-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(00)00066-7.","startPage":"167","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208211,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(00)00066-7"},{"id":233777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc54e4b0c8380cd4e221","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lytle, J.M.","contributorId":82072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lytle","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kung, S.C.","contributorId":70570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kung","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ho, K.K.","contributorId":30768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ho","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022633,"text":"70022633 - 2000 - Linkage of bioaccumulation and biological effects to changes in pollutant loads in south San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:40:25","indexId":"70022633","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linkage of bioaccumulation and biological effects to changes in pollutant loads in south San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"The developed world has invested billions of dollars in waste treatment since the 1970s; however, changes in ecological or biological responses are rarely associated with reductions in metal pollutants. Here we present a novel, 23-yr time series of environmental change from a San Francisco Bay mudflat located 1 km from the discharge of a suburban domestic sewage treatment plant. Samples of surface sediment, the bioindicator Macoma balthica, and metals loading data were used to establish links between discharge, bioaccumulation, and effects. Mean annual Ag concentrations in M. balthica were 106 μg/g in 1978 and 3.67 μg/g in 1998. Concentrations of Cu declined from 287 μg/g in 1980 to a minimum of 24 μg/g in 1991. Declining Cu bioaccumulation was strongly correlated with decreasing Cu loads from the plant between 1977 and 1998. Relationships with bioaccumulation and total annual precipitation suggested that inputs from nonpoint sources were most important in controlling Zn bioavailability during the same period. Ecoepidemiological criteria were used to associate failed gamete production in M. balthica to a metals-enriched environment. Reproduction persistently failed between the mid-1970s and mid-1980s; it recovered after metal contamination declined. Other potential environmental causes such as food availability, sediment chemistry, or seasonal salinity fluctuations were not related to the timing of the change in reproductive capability. The results establish an associative link, suggesting that it is important to further investigate the chemical interference of Cu and/or Ag with invertebrate reproduction at relatively moderate levels of environmental contamination.
We measured antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in blood of nesting Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) females and immature Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) in the Baltic Sea, and in blood of Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri) females nesting in a remote area of western Alaska. Positive (≥ 1:16) IBDV titers occurred in 75% of the eiders and 45% of the Herring Gull chicks. In eiders, the prevalence of positive titers differed among locations. We found no evidence that IBDV exposure impaired the immune function of Herring Gull chicks, based on their response to inoculation of sheep red blood cells. We suggest that eider ducks and Herring Gulls have been exposed to IBDV, even in locations where contact with poultry is unlikely. The presence of this virus in wild bird populations is of concern because it causes mortality of up to 30% in susceptible poultry.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0688:IBDVAI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Hollmen, T., Franson, J.C., Docherty, D., Kilpi, M., Hario, M., Creekmore, L., and Petersen, M.R., 2000, Infectious bursal disease virus antibodies in eider ducks and Herring Gulls: Condor, v. 102, no. 3, p. 688-691, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0688:IBDVAI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"688","endPage":"691","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0688:ibdvai]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Baltic Sea Nations","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -139.921875,\n 70.1403642720717\n ],\n [\n -155.0390625,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -165.9375,\n 70.61261423801925\n ],\n [\n -166.9921875,\n 62.91523303947614\n ],\n [\n -172.265625,\n 50.064191736659104\n ],\n [\n -139.5703125,\n 56.9449741808516\n ],\n [\n -139.921875,\n 70.1403642720717\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 13.0078125,\n 53.9560855309879\n ],\n [\n 22.8515625,\n 54.16243396806779\n ],\n [\n 25.3125,\n 60.23981116999893\n ],\n [\n 18.28125,\n 61.270232790000634\n ],\n [\n 13.0078125,\n 53.9560855309879\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3acfe4b0c8380cd61fbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollmen, T.","contributorId":16787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollmen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":140358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Docherty, Douglas E.","contributorId":58245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"Douglas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kilpi, Mikaei","contributorId":102428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpi","given":"Mikaei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hario, Martti","contributorId":31340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hario","given":"Martti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Creekmore, Lynn H.","contributorId":87251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creekmore","given":"Lynn H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70162395,"text":"70162395 - 2000 - Manipulation of turtle populations for conservation: Half-way technologies or viable options?: Chapter 9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T12:26:55","indexId":"70162395","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Manipulation of turtle populations for conservation: Half-way technologies or viable options?: Chapter 9","docAbstract":"No abstract available
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversite et endemisme a Madagascar","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English, French","publisher":"Memoires de la Societe de Biogeographie","usgsCitation":"Pedrono, M., Sarovy, A., Smith, L., and Bour, R., 2000, The status and conservation on endemic Malagasy chelonians: An historic perspective, chap. of Diversite et endemisme a Madagascar, p. 249-260.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360c2e4b0b28f1183bc1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pedrono, Miguel","contributorId":152391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedrono","given":"Miguel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sarovy, Augustin","contributorId":152392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sarovy","given":"Augustin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, L.","contributorId":23477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bour, Roger","contributorId":147473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bour","given":"Roger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022530,"text":"70022530 - 2000 - Adsorption and fractionation of a muck fulvic acid on kaolinite and goethite at pH 3.7,6, and 8","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-10T17:58:56.0452","indexId":"70022530","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adsorption and fractionation of a muck fulvic acid on kaolinite and goethite at pH 3.7,6, and 8","docAbstract":"Molecular weight (MW) of humic materials is a key factor controlling proton and metal binding and organic pollutant partitioning. Several studies have suggested preferential adsorption of higher MW, more aromatic moieties to mineral surfaces; quantification of such processes is fundamental to development of predictive models. We used high pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) to quantify MW changes upon adsorption of a muck fulvic acid (MFA) extracted from a peat deposit to kaolinite and goethite, at pH 3.7, 6, and 8 at 22 °C, I = 0.01 (NaCl), 24-h reaction time. MFA adsorption affinity was greater for goethite than for kaolinite. At concentrations less than the adsorption maximum (Amax) for both adsorbents, the weight-average MW (Mw) of MFA remaining in solution decreased by as much as several hundred Daltons relative to control samples, indicating preferential adsorption of the higher MW components. At concentrations more than Amax, Mw of MFA in solution did not change appreciably. Although total adsorption decreased significantly as pH increased, fractionation as measured by change in Mw remained similar, perhaps indicating greater selectivity for higher MW components at higher pH.
Absorptivities at λ = 280 nm normalized to mg C L−1 (ε) suggested preferential adsorption of more aromatic moieties to kaolinite. ε could not be used for goethite-reacted samples because high Fe concentrations in the aqueous phase brought about by goethite dissolution interfered with the spectroscopic analysis. Preliminary kinetic experiments suggested that smaller molecules adsorbed first and were replaced by larger molecules whose adsorption was thermodynamically favored.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wolters Kluwer","issn":"0038075X","usgsCitation":"Namjesnik-Dejanovic, K., Maurice, P., Aiken, G., Cabaniss, S., Chin, Y., and Pullin, M., 2000, Adsorption and fractionation of a muck fulvic acid on kaolinite and goethite at pH 3.7,6, and 8: Soil Science, v. 165, no. 7, p. 545-559.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"559","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405086,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://journals.lww.com/soilsci/Abstract/2000/07000/ADSORPTION_AND_FRACTIONATION_OF_A_MUCK_FULVIC_ACID.3.aspx"}],"volume":"165","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6fbe4b0c8380cd4777b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Namjesnik-Dejanovic, K.","contributorId":30389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Namjesnik-Dejanovic","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maurice, P.A.","contributorId":48336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurice","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. 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Because of proximity to the active Aleutian volcanic arc, there are numerous tephra deposits in the BRAD, which are potentially useful for correlating among sites of archaeological investigations. Microprobe analyses of glass separates show, however, that most of these tephra deposits are heterogeneous mixtures of multiple glass populations. Some glasses are highly similar to pyroclasts of Aniakchak Crater (160 km to the south), others are similar to pyroclasts in the nearby Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, and some are similar to no other tephra samples from the Alaska Peninsula. Moreover, tephra deposits in any one archaeological study site are not always similar to those from nearby sites, indicating inconsistent preservation of these mainly thin, fine-grained deposits. At least 15, late Holocene tephra deposits are inferred at the BRAD. Their heterogeneity is the result of either eruptions of mixed or heterogeneous magmas, like the 1912 Katmai eruption, or secondary mixing of closely succeeding tephra deposits. Because most cannot be reliably distinguished from one another on the basis of megascopic properties, their utility for correlations is limited. At least one deposit can be reliably identified because of its thickness (10 cm) and colour stratification. Early humans seem not to have been significantly affected by these tephra falls, which is not surprising in view of the resilience exhibited by both plants and animals following the 1912 Katmai eruption.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The archaeology of geological catastrophes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.19","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Dumond, D., Meyer, C., and Schaaf, J., 2000, Tephrochronology of the Brooks River Archaeological District, Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska: What can and cannot be done with tephra deposits, chap. of The archaeology of geological catastrophes: Special Papers of the Geological Society of London, no. 171, p. 245-266, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.171.01.19.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"266","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks River Archaeological District, Katmai National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -516.533203125,\n 58.297944045474146\n ],\n [\n -514.5172119140625,\n 58.297944045474146\n ],\n [\n -514.5172119140625,\n 58.85070025077414\n ],\n [\n -516.533203125,\n 58.85070025077414\n ],\n [\n -516.533203125,\n 58.297944045474146\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"171","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba545e4b08c986b32092a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumond, D.E.","contributorId":72555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumond","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaaf, J.M.","contributorId":29155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaaf","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022497,"text":"70022497 - 2000 - Comparison of pigeon guillemot, Cepphus columba, blood parameters from oiled and unoiled areas of Alaska eight years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022497","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of pigeon guillemot, Cepphus columba, blood parameters from oiled and unoiled areas of Alaska eight years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"In 1997, we compared the haematological and plasma biochemical profiles among populations of pigeon guillemots, Cepphus columba, in areas oiled and not oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) that occurred in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. Pigeon guillemot populations in PWS were injured by EVOS and have not returned to pre-spill levels. If oil contamination is limiting recovery of pigeon guillemots in PWS, then we expected that blood parameters of pigeon guillemots would differ between oiled and unoiled areas and that these differences would be consistent with either toxic responses or lower fitness. We collected blood samples from chicks at approximately 20 and 30 days after hatching. Physiological changes associated with chick growth were noted in several blood parameters. We found that only calcium and mean cell volume were significantly different between the chicks in oiled and unoiled areas. Despite these differences, blood biomarkers provided little evidence of continuing oil injury to pigeon guillemot chicks, eight years after the EVOS. Preliminary data from adults indicated elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity in the adults from the oiled area, which is consistent with hepatocellular injury. Because adults have greater opportunities for exposure to residual oil than nestlings, we recommend studies that fully evaluate the health of adults residing in oiled areas. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00194-0","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Seiser, P., Duffy, L., McGuire, D.A., Roby, D., Golet, G.H., and Litzow, M.A., 2000, Comparison of pigeon guillemot, Cepphus columba, blood parameters from oiled and unoiled areas of Alaska eight years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 40, no. 2, p. 152-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00194-0.","startPage":"152","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206825,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00194-0"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f882e4b0c8380cd4d155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiser, P.E.","contributorId":96649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiser","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffy, L.K.","contributorId":14145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, David A.","contributorId":44677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roby, D.D. 0000-0001-9844-0992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":70944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Golet, Gregory H.","contributorId":89844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golet","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Litzow, Michael A.","contributorId":8789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litzow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022420,"text":"70022420 - 2000 - Temporal and spectral characteristics of seismicity observed at Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T15:32:15","indexId":"70022420","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spectral characteristics of seismicity observed at Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico","docAbstract":"Popocatepetl volcano entered an eruptive phase from December 21, 1994 to March 30, 1995, which was characterized by ash and fumarolic emissions. During this eruptive episode, the observed seismicity consisted of volcano-tectonic (VT) events, long-period (LP) events and sustained tremor. Before the initial eruption on December 21, VT seismicity exhibited no increase in number until a swarm of VT earthquakes was observed at 01:31 hours local time. Visual observations of the eruption occurred at dawn the next morning. LP activity increased from an average of 7 events a day in October 1994 to 22 events per day in December 1994. At the onset of the eruption, LP activity peaked at 49 events per day. LP activity declined until mid-January 1995 when no events were observed. Tremor was first observed about one day after the initial eruption and averaged 10 h per episode. By late February 1995, tremor episodes became more intermittent, lasting less than 5 min, and the number of LP events returned to pre-eruption levels (7 events per day). Using a spectral ratio technique, low-frequency oceanic microseismic noise with a predominant peak around 7 s was removed from the broadband seismic signal of tremor and LP events. Stacks of corrected tremor episodes and LP events show that both tremor and LP events contain similar frequency features with major peaks around 1.4 Hz. Frequency analyses of LP events and tremor suggest a shallow extended source with similar radiation pattern characteristics. The distribution of VT events (between 2.5 and 10 km) also points to a shallow source of the tremor and LP events located in the first 2500 m beneath the crater. Under the assumption that the frequency characteristics of the signals are representative of an oscillator we used a fluid-filled-crack model to infer the length of the resonator.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00188-8","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Arciniega-Ceballos, A., Valdes-Gonzalez, C., and Dawson, P., 2000, Temporal and spectral characteristics of seismicity observed at Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 102, no. 3-4, p. 207-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00188-8.","startPage":"207","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280168,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00188-8"}],"volume":"102","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4fbe4b08c986b3206ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arciniega-Ceballos, A.","contributorId":42742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arciniega-Ceballos","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valdes-Gonzalez, C.","contributorId":35494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes-Gonzalez","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70162387,"text":"70162387 - 2000 - An annotated inventory of the herpetofauna of Everglades National Park, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-22T09:02:56","indexId":"70162387","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1672,"text":"Florida Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An annotated inventory of the herpetofauna of Everglades National Park, Florida","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Florida Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Meshaka, W.E., Loftus, W.F., and Steiner, T.M., 2000, An annotated inventory of the herpetofauna of Everglades National Park, Florida: Florida Scientist, v. 63, p. 84-103.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"103","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314664,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360b9e4b0b28f1183bbe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meshaka, Walter E. Jr.","contributorId":29277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meshaka","given":"Walter","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, William F.","contributorId":138881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loftus","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12560,"text":"Aquatic Research & Communication, LLC, Vero Beach, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steiner, T. M.","contributorId":152442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steiner","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1017141,"text":"1017141 - 2000 - Ecology and biology of paddlefish in North America: historical perspectives, management approaches, and research priorities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T14:26:25.002968","indexId":"1017141","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology and biology of paddlefish in North America: historical perspectives, management approaches, and research priorities","docAbstract":"Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula, Polyodontidae)are large, mostly-riverine fish that once were abundant in medium- to large-sized river systems throughout much of the central United States. Concern for paddlefish populations has grown from a regional fisheries issue to one of national importance for the United States. In 1989, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) was petitioned to list paddlefish as a federally threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. The petition was not granted, primarily because of a lack of empirical data on paddlefish population size, age structure, growth, or harvest rates across the present 22-state range. Nonetheless, concern for paddlefish populations prompted the USFWS to recommend that paddlefish be protected through the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The addition of paddlefish to Appendix II of CITES, which was approved in March 1992, provides a mechanism to curtail illegal trade in paddlefish and their parts and supports a variety of conservation plans. Paddlefish populations have been negatively affected by overharvest, river modifications, and pollution, but the paddlefish still occupies much of its historic range and most extant populations seem to be stable. Although many facets of paddlefish biology and ecology are well understood, the lack of information on larval and juvenile ecology, mechanisms that determine recruitment, population size and vital rates, interjurisdictional movements, and the effects of anthropogenic activities present significant obstacles for managing paddlefish populations. Questions about the size and structure of local populations, and how such populations are affected by navigation traffic, dams, and pollution are regarded as medium priority areas for future research. The availability of suitable spawning habitat and overall reproductive success in impounded rivers are unknown and represent critical areas for future research. Research on reproductive and recruitment success in impounded rivers have significant implications for managing paddlefish, as rivers are modified further for human use.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1016633604301","usgsCitation":"Jennings, C.A., and Zigler, S.J., 2000, Ecology and biology of paddlefish in North America: historical perspectives, management approaches, and research priorities: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 10, no. 2, p. 167-181, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016633604301.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"181","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627b53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zigler, Stephen J.","contributorId":77472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010278,"text":"70010278 - 2000 - Analyzing slug tests in wells screened across the watertable: A field assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-02T09:50:32","indexId":"70010278","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analyzing slug tests in wells screened across the watertable: A field assessment","docAbstract":"The slug test is the most widely used technique for the in situ estimation of hydraulic conductivity in confined and unconfined formations. Currently, there are no generally accepted methods in the groundwater literature for the analysis of response data from slug tests performed in wells screened across the watertable. A field study was undertaken in an attempt to develop a set of practical guidelines for tests conducted in such wells. Three wells, screened within unconsolidated material exhibiting a range of hydraulic conductivities (.05-30.0 m/day), were installed to depths of up to 9 m (30 ft) in Kansas River alluvium that ranges in thickness from 15 m to 21 m (50 ft to 70 ft) near Lawrence, Kansas. Intensive well-development efforts removed any drilling debris that could interfere with well-formation hydraulics. Once the wells were developed properly, a series of slug tests was performed at each well. The tests were designed to assess the role of the unsaturated zone and the appropriateness of assuming a fixed hydraulic head upper boundary. The results of this investigation can be summarized as follows: (1) the sufficiency of well development should be based on repeat slug tests and not the clarity of pumped water; (2) the effective screen radius for best model analysis should be based on a mass balance and not nominal screen dimensions; (3) the watertable can be represented as a constant head boundary and flow in the unsaturated zone can be ignored in most situations; (4) conventional techniques for the analysis of slug-test data seem to be reasonable for slug tests conducted in wells screened across the watertable, when used with the appropriate effective screen radius and normalized head range; and (5) fluctuations in the watertable elevation through time can be exploited to obtain some insight into the nature of vertical variation in hydraulic conductivity at a well. The results of this investigation indicate that multiple slug tests should be performed at wells screened across the watertable in order to reliably assess the sufficiency of well development and the appropriateness of conventional theory. ?? 2000 International Association for Mathematical Geology.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1010191309737","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Stanford, K., and McElwee, C., 2000, Analyzing slug tests in wells screened across the watertable: A field assessment: Natural Resources Research, v. 9, no. 2, p. 111-124, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010191309737.","startPage":"111","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebeee4b0c8380cd48f8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanford, K.L.","contributorId":79616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanford","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McElwee, C.D.","contributorId":66408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElwee","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187852,"text":"70187852 - 2000 - Revised: Activated mutatox assay for detection of genotoxic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T16:17:27","indexId":"70187852","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1570,"text":"Environmental Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revised: Activated mutatox assay for detection of genotoxic substances","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/1522-7278(2000)15:3<253::AID-TOX11>3.0.CO;2-P","usgsCitation":"Johnson, B., 2000, Revised: Activated mutatox assay for detection of genotoxic substances: Environmental Toxicology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 253-259, https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7278(2000)15:3<253::AID-TOX11>3.0.CO;2-P.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"259","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5923f8e3e4b0b7ff9fb2342e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, B. Thomas","contributorId":105101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022632,"text":"70022632 - 2000 - The 1999 Southern California Seismic Network bulletin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-12T16:52:38.231378","indexId":"70022632","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1999 Southern California Seismic Network bulletin","docAbstract":"The Pasadena office of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), together with the Caltech Seismological Laboratory, operates a network of more than 350 remote seismometers in southern California called the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN). SCSN is part of TriNet, a cooperative project between the USGS, Caltech, and the California Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG). The TriNet project is halfway completed and is upgrading the existing network to digital, adding new stations, and developing real-time and earthquake-alert capabilities. Signals from the SCSN sites are telemetered to a central processing location at the Caltech Seismological Lab in Pasadena. Computers that detect and record thousands of earthquakes each year continuously monitor these signals. Phase arrival times for these events are picked by analysts and are archived along with digital seismograms. Data acquisition, processing, and archiving are achieved using the Caltech/USGS Seismic Processing (CUSP) system (Dollar, 1989). These data have been compiled into the SCSN Catalog of Earthquakes, a list beginning in 1932 that currently contains more than 356,300 events. Waveform, phase, and catalog data are archived by the Southern California Earthquake Center Data Center (SCEC_DC). This data set is critical to the evaluation of earthquake hazards in California and to the advancement of geoscience as a whole.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.71.4.401","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Wald, L.A., and Schwarz, S., 2000, The 1999 Southern California Seismic Network bulletin: Seismological Research Letters, v. 71, no. 4, p. 401-413, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.71.4.401.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"413","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -113.99414062499999,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -113.99414062499999,\n 36.29741818650811\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 36.29741818650811\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 32.47269502206151\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba640e4b08c986b320fc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, L. A.","contributorId":18781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, S.","contributorId":84052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1002979,"text":"1002979 - 2000 - Organochlorine chemicals in tree swallows nesting in Pool 15 of the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T17:32:21.339295","indexId":"1002979","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine chemicals in tree swallows nesting in Pool 15 of the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s001280000005","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., Custer, T., and Coffey, M., 2000, Organochlorine chemicals in tree swallows nesting in Pool 15 of the Upper Mississippi River: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 64, no. 3, p. 341-346, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001280000005.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"341","endPage":"346","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River, Pool 15","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.57884216308594,\n 41.51011987595135\n ],\n [\n -90.52047729492188,\n 41.5070346821719\n ],\n [\n -90.50880432128906,\n 41.51140532996743\n ],\n [\n -90.4665756225586,\n 41.51346200330125\n ],\n [\n -90.43773651123047,\n 41.52811390935743\n ],\n [\n -90.4233169555664,\n 41.534025142604136\n ],\n [\n -90.40889739990234,\n 41.56100434546153\n ],\n [\n -90.39379119873047,\n 41.566912572432045\n ],\n [\n -90.36117553710938,\n 41.57410446740546\n ],\n [\n -90.3676986694336,\n 41.58514760428351\n ],\n [\n -90.38314819335938,\n 41.58360681482734\n ],\n [\n -90.38864135742188,\n 41.58463401188338\n ],\n [\n -90.40477752685547,\n 41.581038750695754\n ],\n [\n -90.40786743164062,\n 41.576929635655816\n ],\n [\n -90.4233169555664,\n 41.566912572432045\n ],\n [\n -90.42743682861328,\n 41.55997677258171\n ],\n [\n -90.43876647949219,\n 41.55612322876091\n ],\n [\n -90.44597625732422,\n 41.54815851009314\n ],\n [\n -90.46279907226562,\n 41.52862795108241\n ],\n [\n -90.48717498779297,\n 41.52425846623431\n ],\n [\n -90.5105209350586,\n 41.5252866068638\n ],\n [\n -90.53901672363281,\n 41.532483133832486\n ],\n [\n -90.55171966552734,\n 41.532483133832486\n ],\n [\n -90.56957244873047,\n 41.52425846623431\n ],\n [\n -90.58433532714844,\n 41.5201457403486\n ],\n [\n -90.57884216308594,\n 41.51011987595135\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68aac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, T. 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In order to further document the distribution, relative abundance, habitat associations, and status of this population, we conducted three aerial surveys. The flights were done in January 1994, May 1994, and January 1995. Total manatee counts for each survey were 266, 207, and 171, respectively. Calves represented 7.4% of the grand total. Solitary manatees represented 62.8% of the total count. Manatees were numerous around the cays east of Belize City, in Placentia and Indian Hill lagoons, and in Chetumal Bay. Most manatees were observed in lagoons and rivers. Growing tourist activities should be assessed to avoid undesirable effects on manatees. Poaching and marketing of manatee products continues to jeopardize the animals in some areas. Current research and management activities are part of a cooperative international program to conserve the manatee in the Caribbean region.
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A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography on the home page of this resource.
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