Hydrologic and geophysical components interact to produce streambed scour. This study investigates methods for improving the utility of estimates of hydrologic flow in streams and rivers used when evaluating potential pier scour over the design-life of highway bridges in Virginia. Recent studies of streambed composition identify potential bridge design cost savings when attributes of cohesive soil and weathered rock unique to certain streambeds are considered within the bridge planning design. To achieve potential cost savings, however, attributes and effects of scour forces caused by water movement across the streambed surface must be accurately described and estimated.
This study explores the potential for improving estimates of the hydrologic component, namely hydrologic flow, afforded by empirically based deterministic, probabilistic, and statistical modeling of flows using streamgage data from 10 selected sites in Virginia. Methods are described and tools are provided that may assist with estimating hydrological components of flow duration and potential cumulative stream power for bridge designs in specific settings, and calculation of comprehensive projections of anticipated individual bridge pier scour rates. Examples of hydrologic properties needed to determine the rates of streambed scour are described for sites spanning a range of basin sizes and locations in Virginia. Deterministic, probabilistic, and statistical modeling methods are demonstrated for estimating hydrological components of streambed scour over a bridge design lifespan. Eight tools provide examples of streamflow analysis using daily and instantaneous streamflow data collected at 10 study sites in Virginia. Tool 1 provides a generalized system dynamics model of streamflow and sediment motion that may be used to estimate hydrologic flow over time. Tool 2 illustrates at-a-station hydraulic geometry using methods pioneered by Leopold and others. Tool 3 provides a system dynamics model developed to test the use of Monte-Carlo sampling of instantaneous streamflow measurements to augment and increase precision of site-specific period-of-record daily-flow values useful for driving stream-power and streambed scour estimates. Tool 4 integrates deterministic modeling, maximum likelihood logistic regression, and Monte-Carlo sampling to identify probable hydrologic flows. Tool 5 provides instantaneous flow hydrologic envelope profiles, using measured instantaneous flow data integrated with measured daily-flow value data. Tool 6 provides precise estimates of hydrologic flow over entire data time-series suitable for driving scour simulation models. Tool 7 provides a threshold of flow and probability of time-under-load interactive calculator that allows selection of a desired bridge design lifespan, ranging from 1 to 250 years, and identification of a flow interval of interest. Tool 8 provides a flow-random sampling interactive tool, developed to facilitate easy access to large datasets of randomly sampled flow data measurements from unique locations for purposes of computing and testing future models of bridge pier scour.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Austin, S.H., 2022, Virginia Bridge Scour Pilot Study—Hydrological Tools: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5059, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225059.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 46 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-137495","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408486,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P957ABZN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Virginia bridge scour pilot study streamflow data"},{"id":408487,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the nation"},{"id":408485,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5059/sir20225059.XML"},{"id":408484,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5059/images/"},{"id":408483,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20225059/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2022-5059"},{"id":408482,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5059/sir20225059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022-5059"},{"id":408481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5059/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.28857421875,\n 39.554883059924016\n ],\n [\n -80.39794921875,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -80.4638671875,\n 37.52715361723378\n ],\n [\n -77.49755859375,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -77.32177734375,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -78.28857421875,\n 39.554883059924016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, Virginia 23228
Planning stormwater projects requires estimates of current and future extreme precipitation depths for events with specified return periods and durations. In this study, precipitation data from four downscaled climate datasets are used to determine changes in precipitation depth-duration-frequency curves from the period 1966–2005 to the period 2050–89 primarily on the basis of Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 emission scenarios from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. The four downscaled climate datasets are (1) the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) dataset, (2) the Localized Constructed Analogs (LOCA) dataset, (3) the Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (MACA) dataset, and (4) the Jupiter Intelligence Weather Research and Forecasting Model (JupiterWRF) dataset. Change factors—multiplicative changes in expected extreme precipitation magnitude from current to future period—were computed for grid cells from the downscaled climate datasets containing National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Atlas 14 stations in central and south Florida. Change factors for specific durations and return periods may be used to scale the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Atlas 14 historical depth-duration-frequency values to the period 2050–89 on the basis of changes in extreme precipitation derived from downscaled climate datasets. Model culling was implemented to select downscaled climate models that best captured observed historical patterns of precipitation extremes in central and south Florida.
Overall, a large variation in change factors across downscaled climate datasets was found, with change factors generally greater than one and increasing with return period. In general, median change factors were higher for the south-central Florida climate region (1.05–1.55 depending on downscaled climate dataset, duration, and return period) than for the south Florida climate region (1–1.4 depending on downscaled climate dataset, duration, and return period) when considering best performing models for both areas, indicating a projected overall increase in future extreme precipitation events.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225093","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Irizarry-Ortiz, M.M., Stamm, J.F., Maran, C., and Obeysekera, J., 2022, Development of projected depth-duration frequency curves (2050–89) for south Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5093, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225093.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 114 p.; 1 Table; Data Release","numberOfPages":"130","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-134493","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408474,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P935WRTG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Change factors to derive projected future precipitation depth-duration-frequency (DDF) curves at 174 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlas 14 stations in central and south Florida"},{"id":435653,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q3LEIL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Change factors to derive projected future precipitation depth-duration-frequency (DDF) curves at 242 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlas 14 stations in Florida (ver 2.0, May 2024)"},{"id":408853,"rank":8,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20225093/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":408472,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5093/sir20225093_table1.1.xlsx","text":"Table 1.1","size":"50.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":408471,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5093/images"},{"id":408470,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5093/sir20225093.XML"},{"id":408469,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5093/sir20225093.pdf","text":"Report","size":"23.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022–5093"},{"id":408468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5093/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":408473,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5093/sir20225093_table1.1.csv","text":"Table 1.1","size":"18.6 kB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.111572265625,\n 24.327076540018634\n ],\n [\n -79.43115234375,\n 24.327076540018634\n ],\n [\n -79.43115234375,\n 28.98892237190413\n ],\n [\n -83.111572265625,\n 28.98892237190413\n ],\n [\n -83.111572265625,\n 24.327076540018634\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Lutz, FL 33559
In this report, we apply the stream salmonid simulator (S3) to coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Klamath River Basin by extending the original model to account for life history and disease dynamics specific to coho salmon. This version of S3 includes tracking of three separate life-history strategies representing the different time periods and ages at which fish leave natal tributaries such as the Scott and Shasta Rivers (age-0 spring, age-0 fall, or age-1 smolt). Once fish leave their natal tributaries and enter the Klamath River, the deterministic life-stage-structured population model simulates daily growth, movement, and survival. We extend the model to include non-natal tributary dynamics, where spring age-0 fish entry to non-natal tributaries is simulated based on environmental conditions in the main-stem Klamath River. Fish that use non-natal tributaries then reenter the Klamath River during the winter or spring as smolts and actively migrate downstream. We also consider the life history strategy where fish rear in natal tributaries and enter the Klamath River as age-1 smolts. In addition to simulating different life history pathways that coho salmon may take, we model disease dynamics, incorporating new information on Ceratonova shasta related infection and mortality. We incorporate competitive interactions between juvenile coho and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) by simulating density-dependent movement dynamics in response to Chinook salmon abundance.
Model simulations suggest that total abundance and survival to the ocean differed between life-history strategies. In general, spring age-0 fish that leave their natal tributaries in their first spring had lower survival compared with fish that remained in natal tributaries and out-migrated later. Spring age-0 fish also had higher disease related mortality, owing to their residence in the main-stem Klamath River overlapping with periods of elevated C. shasta spore concentrations. Age-0 fish leaving their natal tributaries in the fall had near-zero disease related mortality. Most non-natal tributary use occurred at upstream tributary locations and was variable between the brood years depending on passage timing and environmental conditions. The inclusion of Chinook salmon in simulations resulted in decreased abundance and survival of Coho salmon reaching the ocean. In addition, we developed an R package to facilitate use of and continued development of S3 as a tool to guide management of juvenile salmonid populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Dodrill, M.J., Perry, R.W., Som, N.A., Manhard, C.V., and Alexander, J.D., 2022, Extending the Stream Salmonid Simulator to accommodate the life history of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Klamath River Basin, Northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1071, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221071.","productDescription":"viii, 70 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-129401","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408507,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1071/ofr20221071.XML"},{"id":408506,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1071/images"},{"id":408505,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221071/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2022-1071"},{"id":408503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1071/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":408504,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1071/ofr20221071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1071"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.16748046874999,\n 41.071069130806414\n ],\n [\n -121.915283203125,\n 41.071069130806414\n ],\n [\n -121.915283203125,\n 42.037054301883806\n ],\n [\n -124.16748046874999,\n 42.037054301883806\n ],\n [\n -124.16748046874999,\n 41.071069130806414\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Tellurium-bearing low-sulfidation epithermal Au-Ag deposits are significant producers of gold, silver, and potentially strategic elements if mineral processing methods are optimized for recovery. Although these deposits are generally related to alkaline magmatism, our study documents an unusual occurrence of Te-rich low-sulfidation epithermal systems in the North Heilongjiang Belt in northeast China that is spatially and temporally associated with calc-alkaline magmatism and tectonic extension in a continental arc‐setting.
In the North Heilongjiang Belt, Te-bearing Au-Ag deposits are usually sited in dilatant zones, mostly along extensional NW structures or at their intersections with deep‐seated NE-striking faults such as the Nenjiang-Heihe and Jiayin-Mudanjiang lineaments. Of these deposits, Sandaowanzi is well‐known for its bonanza gold grades. These faults localized andesitic to rhyolitic volcano-plutonic centers that evolved from mantle‐derived mafic melts to intermediate compositions due to differentiation and crustal assimilation as documented by their mineralogy and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope compositions. During assimilation of country rocks, fluids containing 3He and other volatiles derived from mantle magmas displaced or mixed with external groundwater containing radiogenic 4He derived from country rocks. In this belt, the bulk metal content of Au, Ag and Te was probably introduced by deep mantle‐derived mafic‐intermediate calc‐alkaline intrusions. However, our study does not exclude input of metals leached from underlying metasedimentary rocks and older Te‐bearing Au mineralization. The noble gas, hydrogen, oxygen and lead isotope compositions of fluid inclusions and ore minerals suggest that the deposits formed by mixing between magmatic fluids and convecting meteoric ground waters containing lead leached from surrounding country rocks. At deeper levels, isotopic evidence suggests that Au-Ag-Te (Bi) precipitated with pyrite, quartz, sericite, and carbonate minerals due to mixing with Te-rich fluids. At shallower levels, Au and Ag precipitated contemporaneously with base‐metal sulfides, hydrothermal quartz and sericite during episodic boiling as evidenced by silica morphology and mineral textures.
The relatively uniform spacing of epithermal systems along NW- and NE-trending structures in the North Heilongjiang Belt was used to identify unexplored spaces within this mineral belt that are prospective for concealed low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposits. Although some of the Au-Ag deposits in this belt are enriched in Te, there is a lack of coeval alkaline igneous rocks that are commonly associated with Te-bearing gold deposits elsewhere in the world (e.g., Cripple Creek, Emperor, and Lihir Island).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.105158","usgsCitation":"Gao, S., Hofstra, A.H., Qin, K., and Xue, H., 2022, A case of Te-rich low-sulfidation epithermal Au-Ag deposits in a calc-alkaline magmatic arc, NE China: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 151, 105158, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.105158.","productDescription":"105158, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133938","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.105158","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"North Heilongjiang Belt","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 125,\n 52\n ],\n [\n 125,\n 47\n ],\n [\n 131,\n 47\n ],\n [\n 131,\n 52\n ],\n [\n 125,\n 52\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gao, Shen","contributorId":299579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gao","given":"Shen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":858049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qin, K.","contributorId":299559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qin","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64884,"text":"China University of Geosciences-Beijing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xue, H.","contributorId":219152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xue","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":858052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70237838,"text":"70237838 - 2022 - Estimation of site terms in ground-motion models for California using horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios from microtremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T16:15:17.804021","indexId":"70237838","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-18T06:54:03","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10539,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (BSSA)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of site terms in ground-motion models for California using horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios from microtremor","docAbstract":"The horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratios from microtremor (mHVSR) data obtained at 196 seismic stations in California are used to evaluate three alternative microtremor‐based proxies for site amplification for use in ground‐motion models (GMMs): the site fundamental period (
Warming temperatures and increasing disturbance by wildfire and extreme weather events is driving permafrost change across northern latitudes. The state of permafrost varies widely in space and time, depending on landscape, climate, hydrologic, and ecological factors. Despite its importance, few approaches commonly measure and monitor the changes in deep (>1 m) permafrost conditions with high spatial resolution. Here, we use electrical resistivity tomography surveys along two transects in interior Alaska previously disturbed by wildfire and more recently by warming temperatures and extreme precipitation. Long-term point observations of permafrost depth, temperature, and water content inform geophysical measurements which, in turn, are used to extrapolate interpretations over larger areas and with high spatial fidelity. We contrast gradual loss of recently formed permafrost driven by warmer temperatures and increased snowfall, with rapid permafrost loss driven by changes in air temperature, snow depth, and extreme summer precipitation in 2014.
One Health involves interdisciplinary collaboration to improve, protect, and preserve the health of humans, wildlife, and ecosystems, and advocates for unified approaches to One Health challenges (Buttke et al. 2015). Here, we focus on a One Health challenge of nearly global distribution: Yersinia pestis, the flea-borne bacterial agent of plague. The bacterium poses a significant risk to humans and wildlife, causing social strife in some regions and transforming ecosystems (Eads and Biggins 2015). The conservation implications are profound in the western United States, where Y. pestis was first introduced in 1900. Considerable effort is devoted to plague mitigation, sometimes for human or wildlife health purposes separately. We present a synergy between plague mitigation for human and wildlife health.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Vector Ecology","doi":"10.52707/1081-1710-47.2.227","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.A., Buehler, L., Esbenshade, A., Fly, J., Miller, E., Redmond, H., Ritter, E., Tynes, C., Wittmann, S., Roghair, P., and Childers, E., 2022, One Health in action: Flea control and interpretative education at Badlands National Park: Journal of Vector Ecology, v. 47, no. 2, p. 227-229, https://doi.org/10.52707/1081-1710-47.2.227.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"229","ipdsId":"IP-136607","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/1231","text":"External Repository"},{"id":435654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WOCEI6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on flea control using fipronil grain bait with black-tailed prairie dogs at Badlands National Park, South Dakota, 2020-2021"},{"id":409495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Badlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.10608176640581,\n 44.20717109803536\n ],\n [\n -103.10608176640581,\n 43.35087130034995\n ],\n [\n -101.283125471254,\n 43.35087130034995\n ],\n [\n -101.283125471254,\n 44.20717109803536\n ],\n [\n -103.10608176640581,\n 44.20717109803536\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A. 0000-0002-4247-017X 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Emily","contributorId":299228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritter","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tynes, Caitlyn","contributorId":299229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tynes","given":"Caitlyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wittmann, Sasha","contributorId":299230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wittmann","given":"Sasha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Roghair, 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They can easily overflow channels and severely damage houses, vehicles, or other structures. Areas burned by wildfires are especially susceptible to these hazards, which can be triggered by storms occurring days to years after a fire. Debris flows in burned areas can start on a dry slope after only a few minutes of heavy rainfall—about half an inch an hour or more. They can also threaten unsuspecting areas downstream, as debris flows can travel many miles and affect places that were neither burned nor received any rain. The tips provided in this Fact Sheet can help to keep you safe in a potential debris flow danger area.
","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20223078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Weather Service","usgsCitation":"Sobieszczyk, S., and Kean, J.W., 2022, Postfire debris flow hazards—Tips to keep you safe: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022–3078, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223078. [In English and Spanish.]","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-143718","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408389,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3078/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":408390,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3078/fs20223078.pdf","text":"Report","size":"570 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2022–3078"}],"contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
The Navajo (N) aquifer is an extensive aquifer and the primary source of groundwater in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area in northeastern Arizona. Water availability is an important issue in the Black Mesa area because of the arid climate, past industrial water use, and continued water requirements for municipal use by a growing population. Precipitation in the area typically ranges from less than 6 to more than 16 inches per year depending on location.
The U.S. Geological Survey water-monitoring program in the Black Mesa area began in 1971 and provides information about the long-term effects of groundwater withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. This report presents results of data collected as part of the monitoring program in the Black Mesa area from calendar year 2019, and additionally uses streamflow statistics from November and December 2018. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) groundwater withdrawals (pumping), (2) groundwater levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) groundwater chemistry.
In calendar year 2019, total groundwater withdrawals were estimated to be 3,070 acre-feet (acre-ft), industrial withdrawals were 670 acre-ft, and municipal withdrawals were estimated to be 2,400 acre-ft. Total withdrawals during 2019 were about 58 percent less than total withdrawals in 2005 because of Peabody Western Coal Company’s discontinued use of water to transport coal in a coal slurry pipeline after 2005 and cessation of mining operations in 2019.
Water levels measured in 2019 from wells completed in the unconfined areas of the N aquifer within the Black Mesa area showed a decline in 10 of 16 wells when compared with water levels from the prestress period (prior to 1965). The changes in water levels across all 16 wells ranged from +8.2 feet (ft) to −40.0 ft, and the median change was −1.7 ft. Water levels also showed decline in 16 of 18 wells measured in the confined area of the aquifer when compared to the prestress period. The median change for the confined area of the aquifer was −38.8 ft, with changes across all 18 wells ranging from +12.9 ft to −185.0 ft.
Spring flow was measured at four springs in 2019. Flow fluctuated during the period of record for Burro Spring and Pasture Canyon Spring, but a decreasing trend was statistically significant (p<0.05) at Moenkopi School Spring and Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso. Discharge at Burro Spring has remained relatively constant since it was first measured in the 1980s and discharge at Pasture Canyon Spring has fluctuated for the period of record.
Continuous records of surface-water discharge in the Black Mesa area were collected from streamflow-gaging stations at the following sites: Moenkopi Wash at Moenkopi 09401260 (1976 to 2019), Dinnebito Wash near Sand Springs 09401110 (1993 to 2019), Polacca Wash near Second Mesa 09400568 (1994 to 2019), and Pasture Canyon Springs 09401265 (2004 to 2019). Median winter flows (November through February) of each winter were used as an estimate of the amount of groundwater discharge at the above-named sites. For the period of record, the median winter flows have generally remained constant at Polacca Wash and Pasture Canyon Springs, whereas a decreasing trend was indicated at Moenkopi Wash and Dinnebito Wash.
In 2019, water samples collected from four springs and three wells in the Black Mesa area were analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Results from the four springs were compared with previous analyses from the same springs. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate increased at Moenkopi School Spring during the more than 30 years of record at that site. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Pasture Canyon Spring have not varied significantly (p>0.05) since the early 1980s, and there is no increasing or decreasing trend in those data. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso have varied for the period of record, but there is no statistical trend in the data. Concentrations of dissolved solids and chloride at Burro Spring have varied for the period of record, but there is no statistical trend in the data; however, concentrations of sulfate from Burro Spring now show a trend towards lower concentrations. No statistical trend tests were performed for the three wells sampled in 2019 since less historical water-quality data were available for comparison.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Navajo Nation and Peabody Western Coal Company","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.P., 2022, Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona—2018–2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1086, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221086.","productDescription":"vii, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119897","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501833,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113767.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":408436,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211124","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1124","linkHelpText":"- Groundwater, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona—2016–2018"},{"id":408427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1086/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":408428,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1086/ofr20221086.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 2022-1086"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 34.94899072578227\n ],\n [\n -109.390869140625,\n 34.94899072578227\n ],\n [\n -109.390869140625,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 34.94899072578227\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
Rapid Arctic environmental change affects the entire Earth system as thawing permafrost ecosystems release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Understanding how much permafrost carbon will be released, over what time frame, and what the relative emissions of carbon dioxide and methane will be is key for understanding the impact on global climate. In addition, the response of vegetation in a warming climate has the potential to offset at least some of the accelerating feedback to the climate from permafrost carbon. Temperature, organic carbon, and ground ice are key regulators for determining the impact of permafrost ecosystems on the global carbon cycle. Together, these encompass services of permafrost relevant to global society as well as to the people living in the region and help to determine the landscape-level response of this region to a changing climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847","usgsCitation":"Schuur, E.A., Abbott, B., Commane, R., Ernakovich, J., Euskirchen, E.S., Hugelius, G., Grosse, G., Jones, M.C., Koven, C., Leyshk, V., Lawrence, D.J., Loranty, M., Mauritz, M., Olefeldt, D., Natali, S.M., Rodenhizer, H., Salmon, V., Schädel, C., Strauss, J., Treat, C.C., and Turetsky, M., 2022, Permafrost and climate change: Carbon cycle feedbacks from the warming Arctic: Annual Review of Earth Science, v. 47, p. 343-371, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"371","ipdsId":"IP-139197","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847","text":"Publisher Index 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Biological Sciences, 500 W University, El Paso TX 79902","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Olefeldt, David","contributorId":169408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olefeldt","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":32365,"text":"Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Natali, Susan M","contributorId":243092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Natali","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":48638,"text":"Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rodenhizer, Heidi 0000-0001-5824-3302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5824-3302","contributorId":260926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodenhizer","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52722,"text":"Northern Arizona University, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (ECOSS), S. San Francisco Street, Flagstaff, AZ 86001","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Salmon, Verity","contributorId":298812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salmon","given":"Verity","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":856508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Schädel, Christina","contributorId":298813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schädel","given":"Christina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":856509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Strauss, Jens","contributorId":223674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strauss","given":"Jens","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":856569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Treat, Claire C.","contributorId":150798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Treat","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Turetsky, Merritt","contributorId":298293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turetsky","given":"Merritt","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70263635,"text":"70263635 - 2022 - On the documentation, independence, and stability of widely used seismological data products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-19T14:18:18.265945","indexId":"70263635","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-17T09:37:24","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the documentation, independence, and stability of widely used seismological data products","docAbstract":"Earthquake scientists have traditionally relied on relatively small data sets recorded on small numbers of instruments. With advances in both instrumentation and computational resources, the big-data era, including an established norm of open data-sharing, allows seismologists to explore important issues using data volumes that would have been unimaginable in earlier decades. Alongside with these developments, the community has moved towards routine production of interpreted data products such as seismic moment tensor catalogs that have provided an additional boon to earthquake science. As these products have become increasingly familiar and useful, it is important to bear in mind that they are not data, but rather interpreted data products. As such, they differ from data in ways that can be important, but not always appreciated. Important - and sometimes surprising - issues can arise if methodology is not fully described, data from multiple sources are included, or data products are not versioned (time-stamped). The line between data and data products is sometimes blurred, leading to an underappreciation of issues that affect data products. This note illustrates examples from two widely used data products: moment tensor catalogs and Did You Feel It? (DYFI) macroseismic intensity values. These examples show that increasing a data product’s documentation, independence, and stability can make it even more useful. To ensure the reproducibility of studies using data products, time-stamped products should be preserved, for example as electronic supplements to published papers, or, ideally, a more permanent repository.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2022.988098","usgsCitation":"Rosler, B., Stein, S., and Hough, S.E., 2022, On the documentation, independence, and stability of widely used seismological data products: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 10, 988098, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.988098.","productDescription":"988098, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-141028","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487651,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.988098","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosler, Boris","contributorId":350977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosler","given":"Boris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, Seth","contributorId":263457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stein","given":"Seth","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":263442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70237762,"text":"70237762 - 2022 - Comparative behavioral ecotoxicology of Inland Silverside larvae exposed to pyrethroids across a salinity gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T15:01:03.700561","indexId":"70237762","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-17T09:28:04","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative behavioral ecotoxicology of Inland Silverside larvae exposed to pyrethroids across a salinity gradient","docAbstract":"Pyrethroids, a class of commonly used insecticides, are frequently detected in aquatic environments, including estuaries. The influence that salinity has on organism physiology and the partitioning of hydrophobic chemicals, such as pyrethroids, has driven interest in how toxicity changes in saltwater compared to freshwater. Early life exposures in fish to pyrethroids cause toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations, which can alter behavior. Behavior is a highly sensitive endpoint that influences overall organism fitness and can be used to detect toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of aquatic pollutants. Inland Silversides (Menidia beryllina), a commonly used euryhaline model fish species, were exposed from 5 days post fertilization (~1-day pre-hatch) for 96 h to six pyrethroids: bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate and permethrin. Exposures were conducted at three salinities relevant to brackish, estuarine habitat (0.5, 2, and 6 PSU) and across 3 concentrations, either 0.1, 1, 10, and/or 100 ng/L, plus a control. After exposure, Inland Silversides underwent a behavioral assay in which larval fish were subjected to a dark and light cycle stimuli to determine behavioral toxicity. Assessment of total distanced moved and thigmotaxis (wall hugging), used to measure hyper/hypoactivity and anxiety like behavior, respectively, demonstrate that even at the lowest concentration of 0.1 ng/L pyrethroids can induce behavioral changes at all salinities. We found that toxicity decreased as salinity increased for all pyrethroids except permethrin. Additionally, we found evidence to suggest that the relationship between log KOW and thigmotaxis is altered between the lower and highest salinities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159398","usgsCitation":"Hutton, S., Siddiqui, S., Pedersen, E., Markgraf, C., Segarra, A., Hladik, M.L., Connon, R., and Brander, S.M., 2022, Comparative behavioral ecotoxicology of Inland Silverside larvae exposed to pyrethroids across a salinity gradient: Science of the Total Environment, v. 857, no. Part 3, 159398, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159398.","productDescription":"159398, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-143936","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"857","issue":"Part 3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutton, Sara","contributorId":298401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutton","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siddiqui, Samreen","contributorId":298402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siddiqui","given":"Samreen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pedersen, Emily","contributorId":298404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedersen","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markgraf, Christopher","contributorId":298406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markgraf","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Segarra, Amelie 0000-0002-0551-0013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-0013","contributorId":251846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segarra","given":"Amelie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hladik, Michelle L. 0000-0002-0891-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":203857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Connon, Richard E","contributorId":152478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connon","given":"Richard E","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brander, Susanne M.","contributorId":187546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brander","given":"Susanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70237634,"text":"70237634 - 2022 - It’s time for focused in situ studies of planetary surface-atmosphere interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T14:20:50.197661","indexId":"70237634","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-17T09:12:39","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"It’s time for focused in situ studies of planetary surface-atmosphere interactions","docAbstract":"A critical gap in planetary observations has been in situ characterization of extra-terrestrial, present-day atmospheric and surface environments and activity. While some surface activity has been observed and some in situ meteorological measurements have been collected by auxiliary instruments on Mars, existing information is insufficient to conclusively characterize the natural processes via concurrent and high-resolution measurement of environmental drivers and activity. Thus, many atmospheric, aeolian, and other surface processes models – which are used to generate key constraints on science and exploration in many areas of planetary investigation—such as surface exposure/erosion estimates, landscape interpretation, and modeling dust storm development—remain untested under non-Earth conditions.\nAnalogous terrestrial processes are often studied intensively via numerical modeling that integrates empirical results from laboratory and/or field studies of process-response interactions between the atmosphere and relevant surface landforms. Incorporation of such in situ measurements into model development has significantly advanced our understanding of atmosphere-surface interactions and related geomorphic processes on Earth, and is poised to do so on other planets. However, to date, such testing and refinement have not been possible in other planetary environments, partially because investigations of this sort require new technologies, mission architectures, and operations designs (e.g., different from large rovers focused on geochemical investigations) to fully address the key gaps in our understanding while keeping cost and risk low.\nFortunately, technological developments in the areas of surface access, instrumentation, and onboard processing/memory now enable small spacecraft to accommodate meteorological and aeolian instrumentation that could collect the needed measurements to fill this critical gap while remaining within typical small spacecraft resource budgets. Furthermore, maturity of our understanding of the broader geologic and atmospheric context on Mars provides a ready framework for ingestion of discrete ground truth measurements into our understanding of the broader and multi-scale martian natural systems and processes. These advancements make addressing key science questions with novel mission concepts feasible, promising results that would significantly advance our understanding of extraterrestrial surface-atmosphere interactions. This summary follows from a community-generated white paper for the ongoing Planetary Science/Astrobiology Decadal Survey, small spacecraft concept development at JPL, and numerous JPL and community discussions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference","conferenceDate":"March 5-12, 2022","conferenceLocation":"Big Sky, Montana, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","doi":"10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843357","usgsCitation":"Diniega, S., Barba, N., Giersch, L., Jackson, B., Soto, A., Banfield, D., Day, M.D., Doran, G., Dundas, C., Mischna, M., Rafkin, S., Smith, I.B., Sullivan, R., Swann, C., Titus, T.N., Walker, I.J., Widmer, J., Burr, D., Mandrake, L., Vriend, N., and Williams, K.E., 2022, It’s time for focused in situ studies of planetary surface-atmosphere interactions, in 2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO), Big Sky, Montana, United States, March 5-12, 2022, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843357.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-134187","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth, Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diniega, Serina","contributorId":212017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diniega","given":"Serina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36276,"text":"JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barba, 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Alejandro","contributorId":237034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soto","given":"Alejandro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41659,"text":"SWRI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Banfield, Don","contributorId":297953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banfield","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Day, Mackenzie D.","contributorId":203790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"Mackenzie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Doran, 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Jacob","contributorId":258308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Widmer","given":"Jacob","affiliations":[{"id":28165,"text":"No affiliation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Burr, Devon M.","contributorId":229491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burr","given":"Devon M.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Mandrake, Lukas","contributorId":297955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandrake","given":"Lukas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36276,"text":"JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Vriend, Nathalie","contributorId":229495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vriend","given":"Nathalie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Williams, Kaj E. 0000-0003-1755-1872 kewilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-1872","contributorId":196988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Kaj","email":"kewilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70237627,"text":"70237627 - 2022 - The Grand Caddis hatch of JASM 2022: Trichoptera natural history observations at the Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting in Grand Rapids, Michigan (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-16T17:14:47.835807","indexId":"70237627","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-17T09:05:35","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5706,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Grand Caddis hatch of JASM 2022: Trichoptera natural history observations at the Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting in Grand Rapids, Michigan (USA)","docAbstract":"In a stroke of good luck for aquatic scientists and insect enthusiasts, the May 2022 Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting (JASM) in Grand Rapids, Michigan coincided with a spectacular hatch of hydropsychid caddisflies. To estimate density, we enumerated caddisflies on 12 polarized window panels on the western face of the DeVos Place, which faced the Grand River. We found an average of 57.8 caddisflies per 2.0 × 2.3 m window panel (density of 12.6 caddisflies m−2). We observed American robins, swallows, sparrows, and jumping spiders preying and scavenging during the hatch. We also describe here our observations of a novel precopulatory behavior in the species Hydropsyche morosa, which we describe as a “head-to-tail” position. We discuss our natural history observations and share thoughts on how conferences can be a springboard for networking and collaborative science, natural history-focused or otherwise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.1002/lob.10521","usgsCitation":"Metcalfe, A., Kurthen, A.L., Freedman, J., and Orfinger, A.B., 2022, The Grand Caddis hatch of JASM 2022: Trichoptera natural history observations at the Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting in Grand Rapids, Michigan (USA): Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin, v. 31, no. 4, p. 101-106, https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.10521.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-143908","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.10521","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Grand Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.7977294921875,\n 42.84727541721109\n ],\n [\n -85.49972534179688,\n 42.84727541721109\n ],\n [\n -85.49972534179688,\n 43.071395809535375\n ],\n [\n -85.7977294921875,\n 43.071395809535375\n ],\n [\n -85.7977294921875,\n 42.84727541721109\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metcalfe, Anya 0000-0002-6286-4889","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-4889","contributorId":221738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"Anya","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurthen, Angelika L.","contributorId":297949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurthen","given":"Angelika","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":64464,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freedman, Jared","contributorId":297950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freedman","given":"Jared","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64465,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orfinger, Alexander B.","contributorId":297951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orfinger","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":64466,"text":"Center for Water Resources, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70237622,"text":"70237622 - 2022 - Drivers of Pb, Sb and As release from spent gunshot in wetlands: Enhancement by organic matter and native microorganisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T16:11:27.245184","indexId":"70237622","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-17T08:57:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drivers of Pb, Sb and As release from spent gunshot in wetlands: Enhancement by organic matter and native microorganisms","docAbstract":"In many countries the use of lead-based ammunition is prevalent, and results in exposure and poisoning of waterfowl and other species of birds. In waterfowl hunting areas large quantities of spent shot may be deposited in wetland and terrestrial habitats. These pellets can undergo transformation, which are influenced by various abiotic and biotic factors. In addition to lead (Pb), other elements like antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) can be leached from Pb shot into the environment. In vitro simulations that included organic matter and microorganisms were utilized to examine elemental leaching from gunshot. We found that leaching efficiency was the greatest in solutions rich in organic matter derived from artificial root exudates (2.69% for Pb, 1.16% for Sb, 1.83% for As), while leaching efficiency was considerably lower in river water (0.04%). In vitro simulations containing native microorganisms also exhibited greater leaching efficiency (0.49% for Pb, 0.52% for Sb, 1.32% for As) than in ultrapure deionized water and river water. Surface alterations in gunshot included the formation of a weathering crust and secondary phases dominated by carbonates. Spent gunshot is a source of Pb, Sb and As in wetlands that could affect aquatic ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159121","usgsCitation":"Potysz, A., Binkowski, L.J., Kierczak, J., and Rattner, B.A., 2022, Drivers of Pb, Sb and As release from spent gunshot in wetlands: Enhancement by organic matter and native microorganisms: Science of the Total Environment, v. 857, no. Part 1, 159121, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159121.","productDescription":"159121, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-142053","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159121","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"857","issue":"Part 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potysz, Anna","contributorId":297946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potysz","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64460,"text":"University of Wroclaw, Poland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Binkowski, Lukasz J.","contributorId":297947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Binkowski","given":"Lukasz","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":64461,"text":"Pedagogical University of Krakow, Poland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kierczak, Jakub","contributorId":297948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kierczak","given":"Jakub","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64462,"text":"University of Wroclaw","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70237138,"text":"pp1874 - 2022 - Lessons learned from wetlands research at the Cottonwood Lake Study Area, Stutsman County, North Dakota, 1967–2021","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-31T21:17:44.416924","indexId":"pp1874","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-17T08:45:31","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1874","displayTitle":"Lessons Learned from Wetlands Research at the Cottonwood Lake Study Area, Stutsman County, North Dakota, 1967–2021","title":"Lessons learned from wetlands research at the Cottonwood Lake Study Area, Stutsman County, North Dakota, 1967–2021","docAbstract":"Depressional wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America have a long history of investigation owing to their importance in maintaining migratory-bird populations, especially waterfowl. One area of particularly intensive study is the Cottonwood Lake study area in Stutsman County, North Dakota. Studies at the Cottonwood Lake study area began in 1967 and continue through the present (2022). During this period of scientific discovery, meteorological conditions at the Cottonwood Lake study area varied greatly and included one of the most severe droughts of the 20th century and one of the wettest periods in the past 500 years.
Persistent wet conditions that began in 1993 have contributed to state changes in many of the study area’s larger wetlands to lake-like conditions, whereas the smaller wetlands returned to seasonally ponded conditions during relatively dry years interspersed within the longer-term wet period. Additionally, some nonwetland areas of the study area developed wetland plant, hydrology, and soil characteristics during the 1993-to-present (2022) wet period. The persistently high stages of water in the larger wetlands since 1993 contributed to a buildup of dissolved solids and increases in salinity with time following an initial decrease in salinity caused by the dilution of dissolved solids within a larger volume of water. During 2021, drought conditions similar to the 1988 to 1992 period may develop if conditions persist. However, meteorological changes during the past 30 years have persisted long enough to be considered a change in climate conditions at the study area and, if such wet conditions continue, would represent a change from conditions that occurred in the past two millennia.
During the period of study covered in this report (1967–2021), biotic communities responded in a variety of ways to subtle and marked changes in ponded-water depths, permanence, and salinity among the different wetland types in the study area. This report provides background information on the Cottonwood Lake study area and its context within the Prairie Pothole Region, documents techniques used to quantify environmental conditions and biotic communities, describes major trends that have been observed, presents significant findings as “lessons learned,” discusses recent modeling advances, and highlights key messages to managers. The Wetland Continuum concept was used as a framework to place research findings within an ecological context and to highlight the dynamic nature of prairie-pothole wetland ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1874","usgsCitation":"Mushet, D.M., Euliss, N.H., Jr., Rosenberry, D.O., LaBaugh, J.W., Bansal, S., Levy, Z.F., McKenna, O.P., McLean, K.I., Mills, C.T., Neff, B.P., Nelson, R.D., Solensky, M.J., and Tangen, B.A., 2022, Lessons learned from wetlands research at the Cottonwood Lake Study Area, Stutsman County, North Dakota, 1967–2021: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1874, 162 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1874.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 162 p.; 19 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"180","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125548","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407725,"rank":23,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GTOFCW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Cottonwood Lake study area—Specific conductance (ver. 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release","linkHelpText":"Diurnal patterns of methane flux from a depressional, seasonal wetland"},{"id":407713,"rank":12,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TX3CJ7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Dissolved greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes from Wetlands P7 and P8 of the Cottonwood Lake study area, Stutsman County, North Dakota, 2015"},{"id":407712,"rank":11,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DZ06GR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Cottonwood Lake study area—Aerial imagery"},{"id":407711,"rank":10,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75X27TW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydraulic conductivity data for piezometers near Cottonwood Lake study area, North Dakota (1978–2017)"},{"id":501888,"rank":25,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Area","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":2033,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Stutsman\",\"state\":\"ND\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.2669,47.3268],[-98.8466,47.327],[-98.8392,47.327],[-98.8232,47.3272],[-98.8152,47.3271],[-98.4991,47.327],[-98.467,47.3266],[-98.4677,47.2402],[-98.4685,46.9788],[-98.4412,46.9789],[-98.4396,46.6296],[-98.7894,46.6294],[-99.0379,46.6309],[-99.1616,46.6317],[-99.4122,46.6316],[-99.4498,46.6319],[-99.4477,46.8044],[-99.4476,46.9788],[-99.4821,46.9795],[-99.4824,47.0089],[-99.4822,47.0162],[-99.4821,47.0249],[-99.4826,47.0396],[-99.4827,47.1558],[-99.4801,47.3267],[-99.2669,47.3268]]]}}]}","contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
Aftershocks do not uniformly surround a mainshock, and instead occur in spatial clusters. Spatially variable physical properties of the crust may influence the spatial distribution of aftershocks. I study four aftershock sequences in Southern California (1992 Landers, 1999 Hector Mine, 2010 El Mayor—Cucapah, and 2019 Ridgecrest) to investigate which physical properties are spatially correlated with aftershock occurrence. I find that aftershocks correlate with several properties, including measures of stress and stress change from the mainshock, fault structure, kinematics, seismic velocity, and heat flow. Aftershock spatial density exhibits an order of magnitude or more variation as a function of these properties. I determine simple empirical relations between each of the properties and the aftershock spatial density, and use these relations to construct new spatial models that describe aftershock locations. The new spatial models are a significant improvement over a simple base model, but do not fully capture the dense spatial clustering of aftershocks. Numerous spatially varying physical properties exhibit no (or poor) correlation with aftershock spatial density, including temperature, rock composition, and rheological properties that might be expected to control aftershock occurrence. These results suggest that while spatially variable physical properties appear to influence aftershock locations, more work is necessary in order to establish the connections between aftershock occurrence and the causative physical properties.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2022JB024727","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J.L., 2022, Physical properties of the crust influence aftershock locations: JGR Solid Earth, v. 10, no. 127, e2022JB024727, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024727.","productDescription":"e2022JB024727, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-134643","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Baja California, California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.78554692822775,\n 36.37592047497546\n ],\n [\n -121.78554692822775,\n 32.070443661872034\n ],\n [\n -114.04108196964091,\n 32.070443661872034\n ],\n [\n -114.04108196964091,\n 36.37592047497546\n ],\n [\n -121.78554692822775,\n 36.37592047497546\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"127","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":254964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70237656,"text":"70237656 - 2022 - Negligible atmospheric release of methane from decomposing hydrates in mid-latitude oceans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-16T17:15:45.957329","indexId":"70237656","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-17T08:30:59","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Negligible atmospheric release of methane from decomposing hydrates in mid-latitude oceans","docAbstract":"Naturally occurring gas hydrates may contribute to a positive feedback for global warming because they sequester large amounts of the potent greenhouse gas methane in ice-like deposits that could be destabilized by increasing ocean/atmospheric temperatures. Most hydrates occur within marine sediments; gas liberated during the decomposition of seafloor hydrates or originating with other methane pools can feed methane emissions at cold seeps. Regardless of the origin of seep methane, all previous measurements of methane emitted from seeps have shown it to have a unique fossil radiocarbon signature, contrasting with other sources of marine methane. Here we present the concentration and natural radiocarbon content of methane dissolved in the water column from the seafloor to the sea surface at seep fields along the US Atlantic and Pacific margins. For shallower water columns, where the seafloor is not within the hydrate stability zone, we do document seep CH4 in some surface-water samples. However, measurements in deeper water columns along the US Atlantic margin reveal no evidence of seep CH4 reaching surface waters when the water-column depth is greater than 430 ± 90 m. Gas hydrates exist only at water depths greater than ~550 m in this region, suggesting that the source of methane escaping to the atmosphere is not from hydrate decomposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/s41561-022-01044-8","usgsCitation":"Joung, D., Ruppel, C.D., Southon, J.R., Weber, T.S., and Kessler, J.D., 2022, Negligible atmospheric release of methane from decomposing hydrates in mid-latitude oceans: Nature Geoscience, v. 15, p. 885-891, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01044-8.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"885","endPage":"891","ipdsId":"IP-137535","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Oregon, Virginia, Washington","otherGeospatial":"mid-Atlantic Bight, Pacific Northwest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -74.4,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -74.4,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.8916015625,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -128.8916015625,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -128.8916015625,\n 45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joung, DongJoo","contributorId":298022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joung","given":"DongJoo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64483,"text":"University of Rochester and Pusan National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":195778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Southon, John R.","contributorId":201538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Southon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36191,"text":"Keck Carbon Cycle AMS Laboratory, Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, Thomas S.","contributorId":198207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kessler, John D. 0000-0003-1097-6800","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1097-6800","contributorId":184241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kessler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70237635,"text":"70237635 - 2022 - Tectonic subsidence modeling of diachronous transition from backarc to retroarc basin development and uplift during Cordilleran orogenesis, Patagonian-Fuegian Andes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T13:34:17.854179","indexId":"70237635","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-17T08:24:51","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic subsidence modeling of diachronous transition from backarc to retroarc basin development and uplift during Cordilleran orogenesis, Patagonian-Fuegian Andes","docAbstract":"Backstripped tectonic basin subsidence histories are critical for interpreting phases of lithospheric deformation and paleoenvironmental change from the stratigraphic record. This study presents new subsidence modeling of the Rocas Verdes Backarc Basin (RVB) and Magallanes-Austral retroarc foreland basin (MAB) of southernmost South America to evaluate along-strike changes in tectonic subsidence related to the Late Jurassic through Miocene history of the Southern Andes. We compiled composite stratigraphic sections for seven basin localities that span 47°–54°S from published sedimentological records of paleoenvironment, paleobathymetry, and geochronology. Modeling results resolve regional trends in basin tectonic subsidence, uplift, and sedimentation rate that influenced the depositional environment during five broad phases of RVB-MAB development: (a) Late Jurassic tectonic subsidence and basin deepening associated with rift-related backarc extension that postdated regional diachronous rift-related magmatism. (b) Southward younging of Early to Late Cretaceous pronounced acceleration in tectonic subsidence interpreted as the initiation of flexural loading and development of the MAB foreland basin system. (c) Late Cretaceous (ca. 85–70 Ma) tectonic uplift within the central foredeep ∼49° to 52°S, coeval with a shift from slope to shelf deposition at these latitudes. (d) A protracted period of low-magnitude basin uplift and relative tectonic quiescence during the Paleogene, with the exception of southernmost localities; and (e) Synchronous latest Oligocene-early Miocene tectonic subsidence linked to basin deepening and transgression across the northern and central basin sectors. Backstripped tectonic subsidence analysis corroborates existing interpretations for orogenic development in the RVB-MAB and sheds new light on complex polyphase basin histories where extension precedes convergence.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021TC006891","usgsCitation":"VanderLeest, R.A., Fosdick, J.C., Malkowski, M., Romans, B.W., Ghiglione, M.C., Schwartz, T.M., and Sickmann, Z.T., 2022, Tectonic subsidence modeling of diachronous transition from backarc to retroarc basin development and uplift during Cordilleran orogenesis, Patagonian-Fuegian Andes: Tectonics, v. 41, no. 10, e2021TC006891, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021TC006891.","productDescription":"e2021TC006891, 29 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129371","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021tc006891","text":"External Repository"},{"id":408377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina, Chile","otherGeospatial":"Andes Mountains, Magallanes-Austral retroarc foreland basin, Patagonia, Rocas Verdes Backarc Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.76391601562499,\n -54.1881554810715\n ],\n [\n -68.719482421875,\n -53.82011176955965\n ],\n [\n -70.72998046875,\n -53.59250480903936\n ],\n [\n -72.158203125,\n -52.29504228453733\n ],\n [\n -72.037353515625,\n -50.90303283111256\n ],\n [\n -71.861572265625,\n -50.06419173665909\n ],\n [\n -71.905517578125,\n -49.48953847306649\n ],\n [\n -71.641845703125,\n -48.2100321223404\n ],\n [\n -71.56494140625,\n -47.10752278534248\n ],\n [\n -71.455078125,\n -46.62680639535518\n ],\n [\n -73.212890625,\n -46.82261666880492\n ],\n [\n -73.58642578125,\n -48.056053763981225\n ],\n [\n -73.970947265625,\n -49.2032427441791\n ],\n [\n -74.02587890625,\n -50.52041218671901\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n -51.48138289610098\n ],\n [\n -73.41064453125,\n -52.72963909783716\n ],\n [\n -73.212890625,\n -53.3767749750602\n ],\n [\n -71.575927734375,\n -54.15600109028492\n ],\n [\n -70.46630859375,\n -54.81967870427068\n ],\n [\n -66.148681640625,\n -54.98391819036322\n ],\n [\n -65.9619140625,\n -54.463652645044775\n ],\n [\n -66.76391601562499,\n -54.1881554810715\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanderLeest, Rebecca A.","contributorId":229447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanderLeest","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36710,"text":"University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosdick, Julie C.","contributorId":297956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fosdick","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36710,"text":"University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malkowski, Matthew A.","contributorId":221753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malkowski","given":"Matthew A.","affiliations":[{"id":40415,"text":". Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romans, Brian W.","contributorId":297958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romans","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ghiglione, Matias C.","contributorId":297961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghiglione","given":"Matias","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":64468,"text":"CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwartz, Theresa Maude 0000-0001-6606-4072","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6606-4072","contributorId":245180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"Maude","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sickmann, Zachary T.","contributorId":292770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sickmann","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70259621,"text":"70259621 - 2022 - A geophysical characterization of structure and geology of the Northern Granite Springs Valley Geothermal System, Northwestern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-17T12:21:18.923074","indexId":"70259621","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-17T07:20:15","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1827,"text":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geophysical characterization of structure and geology of the Northern Granite Springs Valley Geothermal System, Northwestern Nevada","docAbstract":"The northern Granite Springs Valley in northwestern Nevada is the focus of recent studies for its potential for hosting undiscovered geothermal resources. Although the area lacks definitive surface manifestations of an active hydrothermal system, previous studies identify this region as having potential for hosting a blind geothermal resource, based on elevated subsurface temperatures and a favorable structural framework of the area. As part of the Nevada Play Fairway Project, we conducted high resolution geophysical surveys to better characterize the valley’s geothermal resources. This included ground magnetic, gravity, magnetotelluric, and rock property studies aimed at mapping and modeling subsurface geology and structure. \nVarious derivative and filtering methods were employed to delineate buried faults and contacts from gravity and magnetic data. A depth to basement gravity inversion reveals that the basin is deepest on the west side of the valley. Flanking the basin to the east is a prominent gravity high interpreted as an intra-basin horst. A new high-resolution ground magnetic survey reveals a prominent elongate NW-trending magnetic high, interpreted as an unexposed subsurface dike swarm situated near the boundary between the basin and horst and confined to basement. \nGeophysical models help constrain basin fill comprised of Cenozoic sediments and volcanic rocks. These overlie Mesozoic crystalline basement that, in the west, consists of Cretaceous granitic intrusives and, to the east, dominantly Mesozoic metasedimentary rocks. The contact between these basement lithologies is not certain but inferred to coincide with the geophysically mapped dike swarm. This is partly supported by the fact that the dikes, as projected along strike to the northwest, intersect the contact between the Cretaceous intrusions and older Mesozoic basement rocks to the north of the study area.\nAlthough the age of the inferred dike swarm is not known, the trend of the anomaly is consistent with some of the Tertiary dikes in the nearby Sahwave Range, suggesting emplacement predated or was coeval with early development of the basin. The coincidence of the geothermal system, horst, dike swarm, and terminating normal fault zone suggests that basin tectonics and hydrothermal activity were influenced by both pre-existing basement structure and recent deformation. This relationship may pertain more generally to other hydrothermal settings throughout the Great Basin. If so, future efforts focused on mapping basement geology and structure may prove important to understanding underlying structural controls on geothermal systems.\nThis work is supporting the next phase of research involving additional 3D geophysical and geologic modeling under the U.S. Department of Energy funded INGENIOUS project. The focus of this new work is on the western flank and structural corners of the horst block, based on evidence from detailed geophysical structural mapping, new shallow temperature data, and detailed 3D geologic and geophysical modeling, all aimed at identifying sites for temperature gradient drilling that may intersect zones with sufficient permeability and temperature to support geothermal development.","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Rising","usgsCitation":"Glen, J.M., Peacock, J., Earney, T.E., Schermerhorn, W., Siler, D.L., Faulds, J., and DeAngelo, J., 2022, A geophysical characterization of structure and geology of the Northern Granite Springs Valley Geothermal System, Northwestern Nevada: Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 46, p. 700-720.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"700","endPage":"720","ipdsId":"IP-131199","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462928,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1034630"},{"id":462943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M.G. 0000-0002-3502-3355 jglen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-3355","contributorId":176530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":916022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peacock, Jared R. 0000-0002-0439-0224","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-0224","contributorId":210082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Jared R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":916023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Earney, Tait E. 0000-0002-1504-0457","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1504-0457","contributorId":210080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earney","given":"Tait","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":916024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schermerhorn, William 0000-0002-0167-378X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0167-378X","contributorId":303003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schermerhorn","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":65593,"text":"formerly at USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siler, Drew L. 0000-0001-7540-8244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-8244","contributorId":203341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siler","given":"Drew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":916026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Faulds, James","contributorId":299513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faulds","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":64865,"text":"Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy; Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology; University of Nevada, Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":916027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeAngelo, Jacob 0000-0002-7348-7839 jdeangelo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-7839","contributorId":237879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelo","given":"Jacob","email":"jdeangelo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":916028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70237654,"text":"70237654 - 2022 - Simulation experiments comparing nonstationary design-flood adjustments based on observed annual peak flows in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T16:36:31.345339","indexId":"70237654","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-17T07:17:18","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5836,"text":"Journal of Hydrology X","onlineIssn":"2589-9155","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation experiments comparing nonstationary design-flood adjustments based on observed annual peak flows in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"While nonstationary flood frequency analysis (NSFFA) methods have proliferated, few studies have rigorously compared them for modeling changes in both the central tendency and variability of annual peak-flow series, also known as the annual maximum series (AMS), in hydrologically diverse areas. Through Monte Carlo experiments, we appraise five methods for updating estimates of 10- and 100-year floods at gauged sites using synthetic records based on sample moments and change trajectories of observed AMS in the conterminous United States (CONUS). We compare two methods that consider changes in both central tendency and variability - a Gamma generalized linear model estimated with weighted least squares and the Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale, Shape (GAMLSS) - with a distribution-free approach (quantile regression), and baseline cases assuming stationarity or only changes in central tendency.
‘Trend-space’ plots identify realistic AMS changes for which modeling trends in both central tendency and variability were warranted based on fractional root mean squared errors (fRMSE). They also reveal statistical properties of AMS under which NSFFA models perform especially well or poorly. For instance, quantile regression performed especially well (poorly) under strong negative (positive) skewness. Although the nonstationary LP3 distribution accommodates most AMS with trends well, the sensitivity of NSFFA model performance to different sample moments and trends suggests the need for more flexibility in prescribing design-flood adjustments in the CONUS. A follow-up comparison of regional NSFFA models pooling at-site AMS would further illuminate NSFFA guidance, especially for AMS with properties less conducive to NSFFA modeling, such as positive skewness and increasing variability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.hydroa.2021.100115","usgsCitation":"Hecht, J., Barth, N.A., Ryberg, K.R., and Gregory, A., 2022, Simulation experiments comparing nonstationary design-flood adjustments based on observed annual peak flows in the conterminous United States: Journal of Hydrology X, v. 17, 100115, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydroa.2021.100115.","productDescription":"100115, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129280","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37273,"text":"Advanced Research Computing (ARC)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446110,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydroa.2021.100115","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435655,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PVRCDS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for simulation experiments comparing nonstationary design-flood adjustments based on observed annual peak flows in the conterminous United States"},{"id":408467,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.32031249999997,\n 24.5271348225978\n ],\n [\n -65.91796875,\n 24.5271348225978\n ],\n [\n -65.91796875,\n 50.958426723359935\n ],\n [\n -128.32031249999997,\n 50.958426723359935\n ],\n [\n -128.32031249999997,\n 24.5271348225978\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hecht, Jory Seth","contributorId":298019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecht","given":"Jory Seth","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barth, Nancy A. 0000-0002-7060-8244 nabarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7060-8244","contributorId":298020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"Nancy","email":"nabarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryberg, Karen R. 0000-0002-9834-2046 kryberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-2046","contributorId":1172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"Karen","email":"kryberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gregory, Angela 0000-0002-9905-1240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9905-1240","contributorId":45018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70237663,"text":"70237663 - 2022 - Formation of orogenic gold deposits by progressive movement of a fault-fracture mesh through the upper crustal brittle-ductile transition zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-18T11:56:10.635076","indexId":"70237663","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-17T06:48:50","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of orogenic gold deposits by progressive movement of a fault-fracture mesh through the upper crustal brittle-ductile transition zone","docAbstract":"Orogenic gold deposits are comprised of complex quartz vein arrays that form as a result of fluid flow along transcrustal fault zones in active orogenic belts. Mineral precipitation in these deposits occurs under variable pressure conditions, but a mechanism explaining how the pressure regimes evolve through time has not previously been proposed. Here we show that extensional quartz veins at the Garrcon deposit in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Canada preserve petrographic characteristics suggesting that the three recognized paragenetic stages formed within different pressure regimes. The first stage involved the growth of interlocking quartz grains competing for space in fractures held open by hydrothermal fluids at supralithostatic pressures. Subsequent fluid flow at fluctuating pressure conditions caused recrystallization of the vein quartz and the precipitation of sulfide minerals through wall-rock sulfidation, with some of the sulfide minerals containing microscopic gold. These pressure fluctuations between supralithostatic to near-hydrostatic conditions resulted in the post-entrapment modification of the fluid inclusion inventory of the quartz. Late fluid flow occurred at near-hydrostatic conditions and resulted in the formation of fluid inclusions that have not been affected by post-entrapment modification as pressure conditions never returned to supralithostatic conditions. This late fluid flow is interpreted to have formed the texturally late, coarse native gold that occurs along quartz grain boundaries and in open spaces. The systematic evolution of the pressure regimes in orogenic gold deposits such as Garrcon can be explained by relative movement of fault-fracture meshes across the base of the upper crustal brittle-ductile transition zone. We conclude that early vein quartz in orogenic deposits is precipitated at near-lithostatic conditions whereas the paragenetically late gold is introduced at distinctly lower pressure.
Salt marshes are sites of silica (SiO2) cycling and export to adjacent coastal systems, where silica availability can exert an important control over coastal marine primary productivity. Mineral weathering and biologic fixation concentrate silica in these systems; however, the relative contributions of geologic versus biogenic silica dissolution to this export are not known. We collected water samples from the tidal creek of a relatively undisturbed New England (USA) salt marsh over 13 tidal cycles in spring, summer, and fall 2014–2016 to determine patterns of dissolved silica (DSi) concentration in the water entering and leaving the marsh. DSi concentrations in the tidal creek peaked in the summer and were at a minimum in the fall. Additionally, we analyzed DSi concentrations and Ge/Si ratios in marsh porewater and groundwater samples as a tracer of DSi origin. Ge/Si ratios in the porewater, subterranean estuary, and fresh groundwater averaged 6.3 ± 0.31 µmol/mol, which is consistent with production via silicate weathering rather than biogenic silica dissolution. These results highlight a previously unstudied role marsh sediment plays in coastal biogeochemistry by supplying DSi to coastal ecosystems. This marsh exported 1170 mmol DSi m−2 year−1, 85% of which originated from porewater exchange, with minor contributions from brackish groundwater discharge from the subterranean estuary. Examining these values in the context of the other known DSi inputs indicates that coastal marshes provide ~ 75% of the annual silica inputs into the adjacent estuary, Waquoit Bay.