{"pageNumber":"325","pageRowStart":"8100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10961,"records":[{"id":27470,"text":"wri894212 - 1989 - Effects of the 1986 drought on streamflow in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T20:31:29.970668","indexId":"wri894212","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4212","title":"Effects of the 1986 drought on streamflow in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>A severe drought in the Southeastern United States during 1986 resulted in the lowest flows of record for many streams. Minimum flows in many streams occurred in mid-summer, several months earlier in the year than the minimums that occurred during notable regional droughts of 1954 and 1981. Streamflow data for 370 continuous-record gaging stations in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and southern Virginia were analyzed to determine the severity and areal extent of this drought. Minimum average streamflows for periods of 1, 7, 30, 60, and 90 consecutive days were evaluated to estimate the frequency of recurrence of the 1986 drought and generalized areas of similar recurrence intervals were delineated for the 7-day and 30-day minimum average flows. Flows in parts of Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee receded to rates estimated to occur on the average of once in 50 to 100 years. A much larger area that extended from central Alabama to central North Carolina experienced flows with estimated recurrence intervals of 20 to 50 years.</p><p>In addition to the continuous-record station data, discharge measurements and observations of zero flow were made at 694 non-recording stream sites in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and eastern Tennessee during the 1986 drought. These measurements were used in conjunction with the continuous-record station flow data to estimate minimum 1986 drought flows at the non-recording sites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Charleston District, Mobile District, Savannah District and Wilmington District; and the Tennessee Valley Authority","usgsCitation":"Hale, T.W., Hopkins, E.H., and Carter, R.F., 1989, Effects of the 1986 drought on streamflow in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4212, Report: iv, 102 p.; 2 Plates: 30.60 x 28.00 inches and 18.88 x 28.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894212.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 102 p.; 2 Plates: 30.60 x 28.00 inches and 18.88 x 28.90 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":16592,"text":"ofr87690 - 1989 - Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina Coastal Plain aquifer system","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16592,"text":"ofr87690 - 1989 - Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina Coastal Plain aquifer system","indexId":"ofr87690","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina Coastal Plain aquifer system"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39630,"text":"pp1404I - 1996 - Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina coastal plain","indexId":"pp1404I","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina coastal plain"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39630,"text":"pp1404I - 1996 - Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina coastal plain","indexId":"pp1404I","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina coastal plain"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T19:50:31.552534","indexId":"ofr87690","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-690","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina Coastal Plain aquifer system","docAbstract":"The hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina Coastal Plain aquifer system consists of ten aquifers separated by nine confining units. From top to bottom the aquifers are: the surficial aquifer, Yorktown aquifer, Pungo River aquifer, Castle Hayne aquifer, Beaufort aquifer, Peedee aquifer, Black Creek aquifer, upper Cape Fear aquifer, lower Cape Fear aquifer, and the Lower Cretaceous aquifer. The uppermost aquifer (the surficial aquifer in most places) is a water-table aquifer and the bottom of the system is underlain by crystalline bedrock. The sedimentary deposits forming the aquifers are of Holocene to Cretaceous age and are composed mostly of sand with lesser amounts of gravel and limestone. Confining units between aquifers are composed primarily of clay and silt. The thickness of the aquifers ranges from zero along the Fall Line to more than 10,000 feet at Cape Hatteras. Prominent structural features are the increasing easterly homoclinal dip of the sediments and the Cape Fear arch, the axis of which trends in a southeast direction. The stratigraphic continuity is determined from correlations of 161 geophysical logs along with data from drillers' and geologists' logs. Aquifers were defined by means of these logs plus water-level and water-quality data and evidence of the continuity of pumping effects. Eighteen hydrogeologic sections depict the correlation of these aquifers throughout the Coastal Plain.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr87690","usgsCitation":"Winner, M.D., and Coble, R.W., 1989, Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina Coastal Plain aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-690, Report: x, 155 p.; 44 Plates: 52.15 x 23.77 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87690.","productDescription":"Report: x, 155 p.; 44 Plates: 52.15 x 23.77 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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D. Jr.","contributorId":51766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winner","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coble, R. W.","contributorId":49380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coble","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28423,"text":"wri884098 - 1989 - Preliminary hydrogeologic evaluation of the Cincinnati Arch region for underground high-level radioactive waste disposal, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T22:06:08.377081","indexId":"wri884098","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4098","title":"Preliminary hydrogeologic evaluation of the Cincinnati Arch region for underground high-level radioactive waste disposal, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio","docAbstract":"<p>Preliminary interpretation of available hydrogeologic data suggests that some areas underlying eastern Indiana, north-central Kentucky, and western Ohio might be worthy of further study regarding the disposal of high-level radioactive waste in Precambrian crystalline rocks buried beneath Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the area. The data indicate that (1) largest areas of deepest potential burial and thickest sedimentary rock cover occur in eastern Indiana; (2) highest concentrations of dissolved solids in the basal sandstone aquifer, suggesting the most restricted circulation, are found in the southern part of the area near the Kentucky-Ohio State line and in southeastern Indiana; (3) largest areas of lowest porosity in the basal sandstone aquifer, low porosity taken as an indicator of the lowest groundwater flow velocity and contaminant migration, are found in northeastern Indiana and northwestern Ohio, central and southeastern Indiana, and central Kentucky; (4) the thickest confining units that directly overlie the basal sandstone aquifer are found in central Kentucky and eastern Indiana where their thickness exceeds 500 ft; (5) steeply dipping faults that form potential hydraulic connections between crystalline rock, the basal sandstone aquifer, and the freshwater circulation system occur on the boundaries of the study area mainly in central Kentucky and central Indiana. Collectively, these data indicate that the hydrogeology of the sedimentary rocks in the western part of the study area is more favorably suited than that in the remainder of the area for the application of the buried crystalline-rock concept.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884098","usgsCitation":"Lloyd, O., and Davis, R.W., 1989, Preliminary hydrogeologic evaluation of the Cincinnati Arch region for underground high-level radioactive waste disposal, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4098, Report: iv, 42 p.; 2 Plates: 19.79 × 33.65 inches and 24.14 × 25.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884098.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 42 p.; 2 Plates: 19.79 × 33.65 inches and 24.14 × 25.43 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57225,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4098/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57224,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4098/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4098/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":396291,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47018.htm"},{"id":57226,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Cincinnati Arch region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.923828125,\n              37.49229399862877\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.94677734375,\n              37.49229399862877\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.94677734375,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.923828125,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.923828125,\n              37.49229399862877\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lloyd, O. B.","contributorId":75189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"O. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, R. W.","contributorId":93459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44823,"text":"wri884079 - 1989 - Mean annual runoff in the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi, 1939-85","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T20:52:00.186241","indexId":"wri884079","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4079","title":"Mean annual runoff in the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi, 1939-85","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884079","usgsCitation":"Southard, R.E., 1989, Mean annual runoff in the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi, 1939-85: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4079, 1 Plate: 36.00 × 23.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884079.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.00 × 23.79 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394060,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46999.htm"},{"id":82157,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4079/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"East Gulf Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.6667,\n              30.1511\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.0958,\n              30.1511\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.0958,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.6667,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.6667,\n              30.1511\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southard, Rodney E. 0000-0001-8024-9698 southard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9698","contributorId":3880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southard","given":"Rodney","email":"southard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27171,"text":"wri894017 - 1989 - Geohydrology of the Foothill ground-water basin near Santa Barbara, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri894017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4017","title":"Geohydrology of the Foothill ground-water basin near Santa Barbara, California","docAbstract":"Geohydrologic data presented in this report indicate that the East Subbasin of the Goleta groundwater basin and Storage Unit II of the Santa Barbara groundwater basin should be considered as a separate groundwater basin, which is referred to as the Foothill groundwater basin in this report. The 4.5 sq-mi Foothill groundwater basin is bordered on the north and northeast by the Santa Ynez Mountains and on three sides by faults that impede groundwater flow. Sedimentary rocks of Tertiary age underlie the groundwater basin and form its lower boundary. Unconsolidated deposits of the Santa Barbara Formation (Pliocene and Pleistocene age) form the principal aquifer of the basin. Where a zone of low permeability separates it from overlying Quaternary alluvium, the aquifer is confined. In the early 1950's, groundwater levels declined more than 60 ft during periods of heavy pumping. From the mid-1950 's to the late 1970 's, groundwater levels generally rose. Water levels during 1984-87 generally declined. Nitrate concentrations in samples from two wells exceeded the primary maximum contaminant level established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Secondary maximum contaminant levels for dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate also were exceeded in some samples. A three-dimensional finite-difference model was developed for part of Foothill groundwater basin. Steady-state verification and transient-state model calibrations were used to estimate or confirm estimates of basin recharge and natural discharge. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894017","usgsCitation":"Freckleton, J.R., 1989, Geohydrology of the Foothill ground-water basin near Santa Barbara, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4017, v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894017.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4017/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56045,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a898a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freckleton, J. R.","contributorId":93498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freckleton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44164,"text":"ofr89226 - 1989 - Summary of hydrologic data for the San Gabriel River basin and Edwards Aquifer, Georgetown area, Texas, water year 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-15T09:09:29","indexId":"ofr89226","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-226","title":"Summary of hydrologic data for the San Gabriel River basin and Edwards Aquifer, Georgetown area, Texas, water year 1988","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards aquifer is the principle source of freshwater for municipal, domestic, and industrial users in the Georgetown area. Other sources of freshwater are the streams draining the San Gabriel River basin and Lake Georgetown. Lake Georgetown, located on the North Fork San Gabriel River west of Georgetown, is a freshwater supply for some municipalities in the area, water in the San Gabriel River basin also supplies a variety of needs east of Georgetown. Because of the importance of the Edwards aquifer and the surface waters in the area, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Georgetown, conducted a monitoring program of the Edwards Aquifer and principal streams during water year 1988. The study area centered on Georgetown and encompassed an area of about 150 square miles (fig. 1).</p>\n<p>The freshwater resources in the Georgetown area have been the subject of three recent reports. Baker and others (1986) described the Edwards aquifer and the relation between recharge and discharge. Krietier and others (1987) provided fracture analysis, geologic mapping, ground-water chemistry, and the relation between rainfall and recharge in the study area. Land and Dorsey (1988) conducted an investigation to reassess the inclusion of the Georgetown Limestone as one of the geologic units comprising the Edwards aquifer. In addition, the Geological Survey publishes streamflow and water-quality data in the Water Resources Data for Texas report on an annual basis.</p>\n<p>The primary purpose of this report is to present a summary of the hydrologic data collected from the streams draining the San Gabriel River basin and from the Edwards aquifer during the 1988 water year (October 1987&ndash;September 1988). A secondary purpose is to add perspective to the 1988 data by including data from the previous 2 years (1986 and 1987) when available. The scope of the report is limited to the Georgetown area (fig. 1) and to data collected by the Geological Survey.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr89226","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Georgetown","usgsCitation":"Land, L.F., and Dorsey, M., 1989, Summary of hydrologic data for the San Gabriel River basin and Edwards Aquifer, Georgetown area, Texas, water year 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-226, Plate: 34.68 x 28.33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89226.","productDescription":"Plate: 34.68 x 28.33 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr89226.JPG"},{"id":81561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0226/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"San Gabriel River basin and Edwards Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.75,\n              30.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.5625,\n              30.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.5625,\n              30.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.625,\n              30.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.625,\n              30.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.75,\n              30.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.75,\n              30.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699146","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, M.E.","contributorId":73997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20713,"text":"ofr89253 - 1989 - Flow of ground water through fractured carbonate rocks in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan Aquifer, southeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:18:56","indexId":"ofr89253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-253","title":"Flow of ground water through fractured carbonate rocks in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan Aquifer, southeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Contamination of groundwater from point and nonpoint sources (such as landfills, feedlots, agricultural chemicals applied to fields, and septic systems) is a recognized problem in the karst area of southeastern Minnesota. The US Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources, Began a study in October 1987 to improve the understanding of local groundwater flow through karst terrain in southeastern Minnesota. The objectives of the study are to: (1) describe the orientations of systematic rock fractures and solution channels of the Prairie du Chien Group of Ordovician-age carbonate rocks in southeastern Minnesota, and, if possible, to define the principal and minor axes of these orientations; and (2) evaluate the effect of fractures and solution channels in the Prairie du Chien Group on the local flow of groundwater. Groundwater in the Upper Carbonate aquifer regionally flows toward the periphery of the aquifer and locally flows into streams and bedrock valleys. The hydraulic gradient in this aquifer generally is greatest near areas of groundwater seepage to streams. Regional groundwater flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer generally is to the south and east in much of Fillmore and Houston Counties and in the southern parts of Olmsted and Winona Counties. Groundwater seepage to selected streams was evaluated by current-meter measurements of downstream gains or losses of streamflow and by an experimental approach based on radon activity in streams. The activity of radon in groundwater ranges from two to four orders of magnitude greater than the activity in surface water; therefore, groundwater seepage to streams generally increases the in-stream radon activity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr89253","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., 1989, Flow of ground water through fractured carbonate rocks in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan Aquifer, southeastern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-253, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89253.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50273,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0253/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0253/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie du Chien-Jordan Aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c0e4b07f02db53c023","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, J. F.","contributorId":81866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38427,"text":"pp1442 - 1989 - Tectonically controlled fan delta and submarine fan sedimentation of late Miocene age, southern Temblor Range, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T15:06:07","indexId":"pp1442","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1442","title":"Tectonically controlled fan delta and submarine fan sedimentation of late Miocene age, southern Temblor Range, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Santa Margarita Formation in the southern Temblor Range, composed of conglomerate and subordinate sandstone, evolved as a large complex of fan deltas and submarine fans in late Miocene time. An 80 to 90-m.y.-old granitic basement of the Salinian block and an accompanying 23.5-m.y.-old volcanic field now located in the northern Gabilan Range and the Pinnacles area, respectively, were the primary source terranes. In general, the fan deltas crop out along the west side of the southern Temblor Range, whereas the proximal parts of the submarine fans crop out along the east side of the range. The fan deltas consist of subaerial topset beds and low-angle basinward-dipping subaqueous foreset beds. Strata interpreted to be topset beds are composed largely of conglomerate with thick to very thick horizontal beds and matrix-supported clasts. Most of the thick to very thick conglomerate beds are internally massive and disorganized. Strata interpreted as foreset beds are composed of thick-bedded, large-scale, low-angle, cross-stratified conglomerate and sandstone units which commonly are internally massive. Abundant molluskan macrofossils such as <i>Ostrea</i> and <i>Pecten</i> are present in the subaqueous foreset beds; many have been displaced downslope from their original site of deposition. Conglomerate- and sandstone-filled submarine canyons, through which coarse-grained detritus was transported to the adjacent submarine fans, locally have cut into the foreset beds of the fan deltas. These submarine canyon deposits are generally better stratified than adjacent foreset-bed deposits, and they consist of thick horizontal beds, internally massive or normally graded, arranged in fining- and thinning-upward sequences. Isolated and composite conglomerate- and sandstone-filled channels, which crop out on the east flank of the southern Temblor Range, are interpreted as proximal submarine-fan channel deposits. These channel-form conglomerate and sandstone deposits are characterized by thick, horizontal beds which are internally massive or normally graded containing division T<i>a</i>, and locally T<i>b</i>, of the Bouma sequence. Sparse calcareous foraminifers collected from diatomaceous interbeds suggest that these fan channels were deposited in upper bathyal water depths. Subaerial and regenerated subaqueous debris flows probably formed the bulk of the Santa Margarita fan delta and submarine fan system. Santa Margarita debris flows ranged from the mudflow variety to the cataclysmic debris-avalanche variety.</p><p>The cogenetic Republic and Williams sandstones of local usage, located on the east side of the southern Temblor Range, are slightly older and finer grained than the Santa Margarita Formation. These units, containing well-graded sandstones, fining- and thinning-upward and coarsening- and thickening-upward sandstone sequences, thick-bedded tabular and channel-shaped sandstones, a mixture of shallow- and deep-water foraminifers, and a fan-shaped geometry in the subsurface, are interpreted as submarine fan deposits.</p><p>Sedimentation associated with the Santa Margarita Formation was intimately related to the growing southern Temblor Range anticlinorium and the right-laterally shifting Salinian block along the San Andreas fault. Examples of control exerted on Santa Margarita sedimentation by the southern Temblor Range anticlinorium include the preferential accumulation of sediments along the flanks of the anticlinorium, thickening of strata on the downthrown side of the Recruit Pass fault and on flanks of selected anticlines, intraformational unconformities, and possible partial blockage of the eastward-prograding fan deltas by the Recruit Pass fault. East of the growing southern Temblor Range anticlinorium, the distal ends of the Santa Margarita submarine fans were deflected northwestward by the growing Buena Vista Hills anticline. Several examples of well-defined diachronous sedimentation, where conglomerates and sandstones of the Santa Margarita Formation occupy progressively higher stratigraphic levels in a northwest direction subparallel to the trace of the San Andreas fault, strongly imply that the Salinian basement terrane was shifting in a right-lateral sense during Santa Margarita sedimentation.</p><p>Regional factors of importance in focusing conglomerate sedimentation on the southern Temblor Range locale for a 2- to 3-m.y. period in the late Mohnian were right-lateral oblique slip on the San Andreas fault, formation of the \"big bend\" in the San Andreas fault by left-lateral slip along the Garlock and White Wolf faults, and the partial overlap of the Salinian and Franciscan assemblage basement rocks.</p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1442","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R.T., and Thomson, A., 1989, Tectonically controlled fan delta and submarine fan sedimentation of late Miocene age, southern Temblor Range, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1442, Report: vii, 59 p.; 5 Plates: 56.10 x 40.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1442.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 59 p.; 5 Plates: 56.10 x 40.00 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326960,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"5.85 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":326961,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"7.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 4"},{"id":326962,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","size":"5.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 5"},{"id":165529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":326959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"11.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":326958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"42.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":340347,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              35.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              35.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              34.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T. rryder@usgs.gov","contributorId":119319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert","email":"rryder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":219809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomson, Alan","contributorId":189669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomson","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":35226,"text":"b1847 - 1989 - Potential hazards from future volcanic eruptions in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-09T20:14:55.560552","indexId":"b1847","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1847","title":"Potential hazards from future volcanic eruptions in California","docAbstract":"More than 500 volcanic vents have been identified in the State of California. At least 76 of these vents have erupted, some repeatedly, during the last 10,000 years. Past volcanic activity has ranged in scale and type from small rhyolitic and basaltic eruptions through large catastrophic rhyolitic eruptions. Sooner or later, volcanoes in California will erupt again, and they could have serious impacts on the health and safety of the State\\'s citizens as well as on its economy. This report describes the nature and probable distribution of potentially hazardous volcanic phenomena and their threat to people and property. It includes hazard-zonation maps that show areas relatively likely to be affected by future eruptions in California. The potentially more hazardous eruptions in the State are those that involve explosive eruption of large volumes of silicic magma. Such eruptions could occur at vents in as many as four areas in California. They could eject pumice high into the atmosphere above the volcano, produce destructive blasts, avalanches, or pyroclastic flows that reach distances of tens of kilometers from a vent, and produce mudflows and floods that reach to distances of hundreds of kilometers. Smaller eruptions produce similar, but less severe and less extensive, phenomena. Hazards are greatest close to a volcanic vent; the slopes on or near a volcano, and valleys leading away from it, are affected most often and most severely by such eruptions. In general, risk from volcanic phenomena decreases with increasing distance from a vent and, for most flowage processes, with increasing height above valley floors or fan surfaces. Tephra (ash) from explosive eruptions can affect wide areas downwind from a vent. In California, prevailing winds cause the 180-degree sector east of the volcano to be affected most often and most severely. Risk to life from ashfall decreases rapidly with increasing distance from a vent, but thin deposits of ash could disrupt communication, transportation, and utility systems at great distances, and over wide regions, in eastern California and adjacent states. Volcanic eruptions are certain to occur in California in the future and an be neither prevented nor stopped, but actions can be taken to limit damage from them. Reduction of risk to life and property can be effected by avoiding threatened areas and by taking protective measures to reduce the effects when and where vulnerable areas cannot be avoided. Monitoring of volcanic precursors generally can identify the locality of impending volcanic activity, even though it often does not pinpoint the nature or timing of an eruption, or even its certainty. Hazard-zonation maps can then be used to guide decisions regarding evacuation and other response activities. Thus, effective monitoring of volcanoes in the State, combined with preparation of contingency plans to deal with future eruptions, can help reduce risk to lives and property.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/b1847","usgsCitation":"Miller, C.D., 1989, Potential hazards from future volcanic eruptions in California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1847, Report: v, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 38.63 x 48.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1847.","productDescription":"Report: v, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 38.63 x 48.13 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":485687,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23501.htm","text":"Long Valley area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":485686,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23500.htm","text":"Owens River - Ubehebe Crater 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Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23499.htm","text":"Amboy Crater area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a47b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, C. Dan","contributorId":38145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":33303,"text":"b1589D - 1989 - A guide for using soil and weathering profile data in chronosequence studies of the coastal plain of the Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:15","indexId":"b1589D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1589","chapter":"D","title":"A guide for using soil and weathering profile data in chronosequence studies of the coastal plain of the Eastern United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ; For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b1589D","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H., Pavich, M., Mausbach, M., Johnson, R.G., and Gonzalez, V., 1989, A guide for using soil and weathering profile data in chronosequence studies of the coastal plain of the Eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1589, vi, 39 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1589D.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1589d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61087,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1589d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae56a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, Helaine W.","contributorId":38973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"Helaine W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mausbach, M.J.","contributorId":95110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mausbach","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, R. G.","contributorId":39350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gonzalez, V.M.","contributorId":55882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"V.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":61310,"text":"mf1964 - 1989 - Map showing late Quaternary faults and 1978-84 seismicity of the Los Angeles region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T14:31:20.709024","indexId":"mf1964","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1964","title":"Map showing late Quaternary faults and 1978-84 seismicity of the Los Angeles region, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Los Angeles region of California faces the greatest seismic risk of any part of the United States. The region is inhabited by more than 11 million people and is one of the Nation's key commercial and industrial centers. It lies astride a web of potentially active faults, including those segments of the San Andreas fault with the highest probability for generating a great earthquake during the next 30 years (Lindh, 1983; Sykes and Nishenko, 1984; Wesson and Wallace, 1985; U.S. Geological Survey, 1988). Moreover, many potentially active faults that can generate moderate-size, but damaging earthquakes lie within the metropolitan areas. Earthquakes along some of these faults—for example, a magnitude 6.5 event on the Newport-Inglewood zone—could produce losses exceeding those from a great earthquake on the more distant San Andreas fault (Evernden and Thomson, 1985).</p><p>This map shows, at 1:250,000 scale, known or suspected late Quaternary faults of the Los Angeles region, the ages of their most recent surface movements, and the associated earthquake activity for a recent 7-year period (1978 through 1984). The geologic and seismologic character of these faults and their potential for generating damaging earthquakes recently were evaluated by Ziony and Yerkes (1985). The map is intended primarily to inform scientists, engineers, and planners of the distribution of those faults that may have a potential for generating damaging earthquakes and (or) displacements of the Earth's surface. The map data also should contribute to further investigations of the seismotectonic setting of the Los Angeles region.</p><p>The mapped area extends from lat 33°15' N. to 34°45' N. and from long 116°45' W. to 120°00' W. This region encompasses parts of the Transverse Ranges (including the Santa Ynez, Santa Susana, Santa Monica, San Gabriel, and San Bernardino Mountains), the Los Angeles basin, part of the Mojave Desert, and segments of the Peninsular Ranges (including the Puente Hills, Santa Ana Mountains, and the northern San Jacinto Mountains). Offshore, it includes the eastern Santa Barbara Channel, several of the Channel Islands, the Santa Monica and San Pedro basins, Santa Catalina Island, and part of the Gulf of Santa Catalina.</p><p>In addition to the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the cities of Santa Barbara, Ventura, Riverside, and San Bernardino are within the map area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1964","usgsCitation":"Ziony, J., and Jones, L.M., 1989, Map showing late Quaternary faults and 1978-84 seismicity of the Los Angeles region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1964, Report: 23 p.; 1 Plate: 50.06 x 33.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1964.","productDescription":"Report: 23 p.; 1 Plate: 50.06 x 33.90 inches","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400390,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1964/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":400389,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1964/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1964/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,33.25 ], [ -120,34.75 ], [ -116.75,34.75 ], [ -116.75,33.25 ], [ -120,33.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziony, Joseph I.","contributorId":16829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziony","given":"Joseph I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":265368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38470,"text":"pp1403G - 1989 - Hydrogeology, ground-water movement, and subsurface storage in the Floridan aquifer system in southern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T18:39:56.937825","indexId":"pp1403G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1403","chapter":"G","title":"Hydrogeology, ground-water movement, and subsurface storage in the Floridan aquifer system in southern Florida","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system of southern Florida is composed chiefly of carbonate rocks that range in age from early Miocene to Paleocene. The top of the aquifer system in southern Florida generally is at depths ranging from 500 to 1,000 feet, and the average thickness is about 3,000 feet. It is divided into three general hydrogeologic units: (1) the Upper Floridan aquifer, (2) the middle confining unit, and (3) the Lower Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer contains brackish ground water, and the Lower Floridan aquifer contains salty ground water that compares chemically to modern seawater. Zones of high permeability are present in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers. A thick, cavernous dolostone in the Lower Floridan aquifer, called the Boulder Zone, is one of the most permeable carbonate units in the world (transmissivity of about 2.5 x 107 feet squared per day). Ground-water movement in the Upper Floridan aquifer is generally southward from the area of highest head in central Florida, eastward to the Straits of Florida, and westward to the Gulf of Mexico.\r\n\r\nDistributions of natural isotopes of carbon and uranium generally confirm hydraulic gradients in the Lower Floridan aquifer. Groundwater movement in the Lower Floridan aquifer is inland from the Straits of Florida. The concentration gradients of the carbon and uranium isotopes indicate that the source of cold saltwater in the Lower Floridan aquifer is seawater that has entered through the karat features on the submarine Miami Terrace near Fort Lauderdale. The relative ages of the saltwater suggest that the rate of inland movement is related in part to rising sea level during the Holocene transgression. Isotope, temperature, and salinity anomalies in waters from the Upper Floridan aquifer of southern Florida suggest upwelling of saltwater from the Lower Floridan aquifer. The results of the study support the hypothesis of circulating relatively modern seawater and cast doubt on the theory that the saltwater in the Floridan aquifer system probably is connate or unflushed seawater from high stands of sea level.\r\n\r\nThe principal use of the Floridan aquifer system in southern Florida is for subsurface storage of liquid waste. The Boulder Zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer is extensively used as a receptacle for injected treated municipal wastewater, oil field brine, and, to a lesser extent, industrial wastewater. Pilot studies indicate a potential for cyclic storage of freshwater in the Upper Floridan aquifer in southern Florida.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1403G","usgsCitation":"Hydrogeology, ground-water movement, and subsurface storage in the Floridan aquifer system in southern Florida; 1989; PP; 1403-G; Meyer, Frederick W.","productDescription":"59 p.","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403g/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":65027,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403g/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.1217,\n              29.7369\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1217,\n              26.5789\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4525,\n              26.5789\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4525,\n              29.7369\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1217,\n              29.7369\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"1989-10-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f96e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Frederick W.","contributorId":39373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12080,"text":"ofr88715 - 1989 - Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12080,"text":"ofr88715 - 1989 - Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","indexId":"ofr88715","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":31066,"text":"wsp2370B - 1991 - Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","indexId":"wsp2370B","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":31066,"text":"wsp2370B - 1991 - Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","indexId":"wsp2370B","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T01:59:16.611946","indexId":"ofr88715","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-715","title":"Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Owens Valley, a long, narrow valley located along the east flank of the </span><span>Sierra Nevada in east-central California, is the main source of water for the </span><span>city of Los Angeles. The city diverts most of the surface water in the valley </span><span>into the Owens River-Los Angeles Aqueduct system, which transports the water </span><span>more than 200 miles south to areas of distribution and use. </span><span>Additionally, </span><span>ground water is pumped or flows from wells to supplement the surface-water </span><span>diversions to the river-aqueduct system. </span><span>Pumpage from wells needed to </span><span>supplement water export has increased since 1970, when a second aqueduct was </span><span>put into service, and local concerns have been expressed that the increased </span><span>pumpage may have had a detrimental effect on the environment and the </span><span>indigenous alkaline scrub and meadow plant communities in the valley. The </span><span>scrub and meadow communities depend on soil moisture derived from </span><span>precipitation and the unconfined part of a multilayered aquifer system. </span><span>This </span><span>report, which describes the hydrogeology of the aquifer system and the water </span><span>resources of the valley, is one in a series designed to (1) evaluate the </span><span>effects that ground-water pumping has on scrub and meadow communities and (2) </span><span>appraise alternative strategies to mitigate any adverse effects caused by </span><span>pumping. </span></p><p><span>Two principal topographic features are the surface expression of the geologic framework--the high, prominent mountains on the east and west sides of the valley and the long, narrow intermountain valley floor. The mountains are composed of sedimentary, granitic, and metamorphic rocks, mantled in part by volcanic rocks as well as by glacial, talus, and fluvial deposits. The valley floor is underlain by valley fill that consists of unconsolidated to moderately consolidated alluvial fan, glacial and talus, and fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The valley fill also includes interlayered recent volcanic flows and pyroclastic rocks. The bedrock surface beneath the valley fill is a narrow, steep-sided graben that is structurally separated into the Bishop Basin to the north and the Owens Lake Basin to the south. These two structural basins are separated by (1) a bedrock high that is the upper bedrock block of an east-west normal fault, (2) a horst block of bedrock (the Poverty Hills), and (3) Quaternary basalt flows and cinder cones that intercalate and intrude the sedimentary deposits of the valley fill. The resulting structural separation of the basins allowed separate development of fluvial and lacustrine depositional systems in each basin. </span></p><p><span>Nearly all the ground water in Owens Valley flows through and is stored in the saturated valley fill. The bedrock, which surrounds and underlies the valley fill, is virtually impermeable. Three hydrogeologic units compose the valley-fill aquifer system, a defined subdivision of the ground-water system, and a fourth represents the valley fill below the aquifer system and above the bedrock. The aquifer system is divided into horizontal hydrogeologic units on the basis of either (1) uniform hydrologic characteristics of a specific lithologic layer or (2) distribution of the vertical hydraulic head. Hydrogeologic unit 1 is the upper unit and represents the unconfined part of the system, hydrogeologic unit 2 represents the confining unit (or units), and hydrogeologic unit 3 represents the confined part of the aquifer system. Hydrogeologic unit 4 represents the deep part of the ground-water system and lies below the aquifer system. Hydrogeologic unit 4 transmits or stores much less water than hydrogeologic unit 3 and represents either a moderately consolidated valley fill or a geologic unit in the valley fill defined on the basis of geophysical data. </span></p><p><span>Nearly all the recharge to the aquifer system is from infiltration of runoff from snowmelt and rainfall on the Sierra Nevada. In contrast, little recharge occurs to the system by runoff from the White and Inyo Mountains or from direct precipitation on the valley floor. Ground water flows from the margins of the valley towards the center of the valley; the ground water then flows south to the terminus of the system at Owens (dry) Lake. Ground water flows south from Bishop Basin to Owens Lake Basin through the narrows that constrict the flow opposite Poverty Hills. The aquifer system in the northern half of Owens Lake Basin is divided into east and west halves by the barrier effect caused by the Owens Valley fault. Discharge from the aquifer system is primarily by pumpage and evapotranspiration, and to a lesser extent by flowing wells, springs, underflow, and leakage to the Owens River-Los Angeles aqueduct system. Withdrawals from pumped or flowing wells is the largest component of discharge and accounts for about 50 percent of the outflow from the system. Transpiration by scrub and meadow plant communities, and to a lesser extent by irrigated alfalfa pasture, accounts for about 40 percent of the system's discharge. </span></p><p><span>Natural hydraulic conductivity ranges from less than 400 to about 12,000 feet per day in the basalt flows, the more permeable material in the aquifer system. Where the basalts are fractured by explosives and drilling techniques, actual transmissivities can be greater than 1,000,000 feet squared per day. Hydraulic conductivities in sedimentary deposits of the aquifer system range from less than a few feet per day in lacustrine clays to more than 300 feet per day in gravel stringers and beach deposits in the transition zone between alluvial fan deposits and fluvial and lacustrine deposits.</span></p><div class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"12\" data-loaded=\"true\"><div class=\"textLayer\"><span>Degree of confinement in the aquifer system generally increases to the </span><span>south and east in both the Bishop and Owens Lake Basins. The vertical hydraulic </span><span>gradient across hydrogeologic unit 2 and confining beds in hydrogeologic units 1 </span><span>and 3 is a function of (1) the asymmetric recharge and hydraulic head created by </span><span>the dominant recharge from Sierra Nevada runoff and (2) the areal extent and </span><span>thickness of the confining beds. </span><span>Although most of the pumpage is from </span><span>hydrogeologic unit 3, some coincident drawdown has been recorded in nonpumped </span><span>wells that tap unit 1. Drawdown in hydrogeologic unit 1 is a function of </span><span>changes in (1) lateral flow through hydrogeologic unit 1, (2) upward flow of </span><span>ground water through the confining beds, (3) downward leakage of water from </span><span>hydrogeologic unit 1 to unit 3 through wells, (4) direct withdrawal from well </span><span>intervals open to hydrogeologic unit 1, and (5) increased evapotranspiration.</span></div><div class=\"textLayer\"><span><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></span></div><div class=\"textLayer\"><span>The water in the aquifer system is generally of excellent quality for public supply and irrigation, with the exception of water stored in thick sequences of lacustrine silts and clays near Owens Lake. The water is principally a calcium bicarbonate type and dissolved-solids concentrations range from approximately 104 to 325 milligrams per liter. Water in the lacustrine sediments of Owens (dry) Lake is a sodium bicarbonate type and dissolved-solids concentrations are about 5,400 milligrams per liter. </span></div></div><div class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"13\" data-loaded=\"true\"></div><div class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"14\" data-loaded=\"true\"><div class=\"textLayer\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr88715","usgsCitation":"Hollett, K.J., Danskin, W., McCaffrey, W.F., and Walti, C., 1989, Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-715, Report: viii, 118 p.; 2 Plates 35.70 x 35.41 inches and 35.41 x 28.51 inches; 3 Figures: 16.01 x 11.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88715.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 118 p.; 2 Plates 35.70 x 35.41 inches and 35.41 x 28.51 inches; 3 Figures: 16.01 x 11.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384038,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/Figure-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384037,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/Figure-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384036,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/Figure-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384035,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/Plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384034,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/Plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384033,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.90478515625,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5537109375,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5537109375,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.90478515625,\n              37.90953361677018\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.90478515625,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db68414d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollett, Kenneth J.","contributorId":40580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollett","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danskin, W.R. 0000-0001-8672-5501","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5501","contributorId":22713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danskin","given":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCaffrey, W. F.","contributorId":18001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffrey","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walti, C.L.","contributorId":80685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walti","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":13718,"text":"ofr87237 - 1989 - Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13718,"text":"ofr87237 - 1989 - Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","indexId":"ofr87237","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38451,"text":"pp1408F - 1992 - Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","indexId":"pp1408F","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":38451,"text":"pp1408F - 1992 - Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","indexId":"pp1408F","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-22T20:48:37.270001","indexId":"ofr87237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-237","title":"Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr87237","usgsCitation":"Garabedian, S., 1989, Hydrology and digital simulation of the regional aquifer system, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-237, Report: x, 151 p.; 10 Plates: 27.67 x 25.65 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87237.","productDescription":"Report: x, 151 p.; 10 Plates: 27.67 x 25.65 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383499,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0237/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383498,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0237/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383497,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0237/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383496,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0237/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383495,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0237/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383494,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0237/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383493,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0237/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383492,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0237/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383491,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0237/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383490,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0237/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0237/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              42.06560675405716\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.005859375,\n              42.06560675405716\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.005859375,\n              43.96119063892024\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              43.96119063892024\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              42.06560675405716\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e8fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garabedian, S. P.","contributorId":56657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44375,"text":"wri874181 - 1989 - Corrosive ground water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the vicinity of Ocean County, east-central New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:03","indexId":"wri874181","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4181","title":"Corrosive ground water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the vicinity of Ocean County, east-central New Jersey","docAbstract":"Corrosive groundwater, which has been linked to trace-metal leaching from plumbing materials in Europe and the United States , has been identified in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey. The corrosiveness of groundwater in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in New Jersey has been estimated by calculating values for the Aggressive Index, using groundwater chemistry data. A contour map of Aggressive-Index values shows that groundwater is very corrosive in the vicinity of Ocean County, New Jersey. Areas with the least corrosive water are generally along the coast, whereas areas with the most corrosive water are farther inland. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri874181","usgsCitation":"Kish, G.R., Barringer, J., and Ulery, R.L., 1989, Corrosive ground water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the vicinity of Ocean County, east-central New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4181, 1 map : col. ; 91 x 112 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874181.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 91 x 112 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81664,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4181/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68440a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kish, George R. gkish@usgs.gov","contributorId":1329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kish","given":"George","email":"gkish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":229660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ulery, Randy L. rlulery@usgs.gov","contributorId":4679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulery","given":"Randy","email":"rlulery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":229661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44832,"text":"wri884195 - 1989 - Hydrogeology of the stratified-drift aquifers in the Utica area, Oneida and Herkimer Counties, New York — Part 2 (east)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T19:46:39.381005","indexId":"wri884195","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4195","title":"Hydrogeology of the stratified-drift aquifers in the Utica area, Oneida and Herkimer Counties, New York — Part 2 (east)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884195","usgsCitation":"Casey, G.D., and Reynolds, R.J., 1989, Hydrogeology of the stratified-drift aquifers in the Utica area, Oneida and Herkimer Counties, New York — Part 2 (east): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4195, Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 22.85 × 17.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884195.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 22.85 × 17.25 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393969,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47096.htm"},{"id":82190,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82189,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4195/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4195/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Herkimer County, Oneida County","city":"Utica","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.25,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -75,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -75,\n              43.15\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.25,\n              43.15\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.25,\n              43\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68440c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casey, George D.","contributorId":105689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44833,"text":"wri884202 - 1989 - Hydrogeology of the western part of the Salt River Valley area, Maricopa County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-13T14:03:39","indexId":"wri884202","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4202","title":"Hydrogeology of the western part of the Salt River Valley area, Maricopa County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Salt River Valley is a major population and agricultural center of more than 3,000 mi<sup>2</sup> in central Arizona (fig. 1). The western part of the Salt River Valley area (area of this report) covers about 1,500 mi<sup>2</sup>. The Phoenix metropolitan area with a population of more than 1.6 million in 1985 (Valley National Bank, 1987) is located within the valley. The watersheds of the Salt, Verde, and Agua Fria Rivers provide the valley with a reliable but limited surface-water supply that must be augmented with ground water even in years of plentiful rainfall. Large-scale ground-water withdrawals began in the Salt River Valley in the early part of the 20th century; between 1915 and 1983, the total estimated ground-water pumpage was 81 million acre-ft (U.S. Geological Survey, 1984). Because of the low average annual rainfall and high potential evapotranspiration, the principal sources of ground-water recharge are urban runoff, excess irrigation, canal seepage and surface-water flows during years of higher-than-normal rainfall. Withdrawals greatly exceed recharge and, in some area, ground-water levels have declines as much as 350 ft (Laney and other, 1978; Ross, 1978). In the study area, ground-water declines of more than 300 ft have occurred in Deer Valley and from Luke Air Force Base north to Beardsley. As a result, a large depression of the water table has developed west of Luke Air Force Base (fig. 2). Ground-water use has decreased in recent years because precipitation and surface-water supplies have been greater than normal. Increased precipitation also caused large quantities of runoff to be released into the normally dry Salt and Gila River channels. From February 1978 to June 1980, streamflow losses of at least 90,000 acre-ft occurred between Jointhead Dam near the east boundary of the study area and  Gillespie Dam several miles southwest of the west edge of the study area (Mann and Rhone, 1983). Consequently, ground-water declines in a large part of the basin have slowed, and ground-water levels in some sarea have risen significantly. In many areas along the Salt River and northeast of the confluence of the Salt and Agua Fria River, ground-water levels rose more than 25 ft between 1978 and 1984 (Reeter and Remick, 1986).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884202","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources, Salt River Project, and Arizona Municipal Water Users' Association","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.G., and Pool, D.R., 1989, Hydrogeology of the western part of the Salt River Valley area, Maricopa County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4202, 4 Plates: 45.81 x 39.54 inches and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884202.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 45.81 x 39.54 inches and smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri884202.PNG"},{"id":279489,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4202/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":279490,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4202/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":279487,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4202/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":279488,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4202/plate-2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Maricopa County","otherGeospatial":"Salt River Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.0,33.25 ], [ -113.0,34.0 ], [ -112.0,34.0 ], [ -112.0,33.25 ], [ -113.0,33.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614b2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, James G.","contributorId":81094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pool, D. R.","contributorId":75581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25518,"text":"wri894104 - 1989 - Geochemistry of soils and shallow ground water, with emphasis on arsenic and selenium, in part of the Garrison Diversion Unit, North Dakota, 1985-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:43:07","indexId":"wri894104","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4104","title":"Geochemistry of soils and shallow ground water, with emphasis on arsenic and selenium, in part of the Garrison Diversion Unit, North Dakota, 1985-87","docAbstract":"<p>The Garrison Diversion Unit is being constructed to transfer water from the Missouri River (Lake Sakakawea) to areas in east-central and southeastern North Dakota for expanded irrigation of agricultural lands. During initial investigations of irrigation return flows in 1969-76, the potential effects of toxic elements were considered, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation concluded these elements would have no adverse effects on streams receiving return flows. After the development of problems associated with selenium in irrigation return flows in the western San Joaquin Valley, Calif., in 1985, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation initiated additional studies, including an investigation conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, to assist in collecting and evaluating trace-element data. Also, in 1986, with the passage of the Garrison Diversion Unit Reformulation Act, Congress mandated that soil surveys be conducted to determine if there are \"*** soil characteristics which might result in toxic or hazardous irrigation return flows.\"</p><p>In order to address this issue, an investigation was conducted during 1995-87 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to determine the occurrence and distribution of arsenic, selenium, and other trace elements in the soils of six potential irrigation areas along the Garrison Diversion Unit route and in the James River basin. A total of 165 soil samples were collected and analyzed for total concentrations of as many as 42 elements, including arsenic and selenium. In addition, 81 of the samples were analyzed for water-extractable concentrations of 14 elements, including arsenic and selenium, to aid in determining the extent to which they might be mobilized by the irrigation water. In a detailed phase of the investigation, 376 water samples were collected in one of the six potential irrigation areas, the west Oakes irrigation area. Most of these samples were analyzed for arsenic, selenium, and as many as 28 other elements.</p><p>Results of the investigation indicate that soils in the potential irrigation areas contain small concentrations of arsenic, selenium, and other trace elements. The geometric mean concentrations of total arsenic and selenium were 4.15 and 0.13 milligrams per kilogram, respectively, which&nbsp;are considerably smaller than those measured in the western San Joaquin Valley, Calif., and soils from other areas in the western United States. Water-extractable concentrations of arsenic and selenium, determined on 1:5 soil to water extractions, generally were less than 10 percent of the total concentrations. The geometric mean water-extractable concentrations for both elements were 0.02 milligram per kilogram or less.</p><p>The median and maximum concentrations of all constituents and properties indicative of irrigation drainage were tens to hundreds of times smaller in the Oakes test area drains than in western San Joaquin Valley drains. The maximum arsenic concentration in ground-water samples was 44 micrograms per liter, and the median concentration was 4 micrograms per liter. The maximum concentration in drain samples was 11 micrograms per liter, and the median concentration was 3 micrograms per liter.</p><p>Only 22 percent of the water samples collected from wells in the Oakes test area contained detectable concentrations (1 microgram per liter or more) of selenium. However, selenium was detected in 63 percent of the samples collected from sites on drains. The greater incidence of detection of selenium in the drain samples is interpreted as an effect of the more oxidizing environment of the drains, which are about 8 feet below land surface near the top of the water table. The median selenium concentration in the drain samples, however, was only 1 microgram per liter, and the maximum concentration in 63 drain samples was 4 micrograms per liter. For comparison, the median selenium concentrations reported for drains in the western San Joaquin Valley, Calif., ranged from 84 to 320 micrograms per liter. Mater from two observation wells had the largest selenium concentrations (8 and 9 micrograms per liter) measured during the investigation. These were the only two samples that exceeded any of the water-quality regulations, standards, or criteria for selenium. </p><p>Mercury and boron were the only other trace elements that exceeded standards and criteria. The median concentration of mercury was less than 0.1 microgram per liter, and the maximum concentration was 0.8 microgram per liter. The chronic freshwater-aquatic-life criterion for mercury (0.012 microgram per liter) is about 10 times less than the laboratory detection limit and is derived from bioconcentration factors based on methylmercury. Two boron samples exceeded the irrigation criteria of 750 micrograms per liter. Comparisons with criteria and standards indicate that the concentrations of trace elements determined in samples from wells and drains in the Oakes test area during this investigation should not adversely affect human and aquatic life or irrigated crops. </p><p>The data collected indicate that the soils and ground water in the Garrison Diversion Unit contain small concentrations of trace elements, including arsenic and selenium. Based on a detailed study of soils and ground water in the west Oakes irrigation area, however, there is no evidence that expanded irrigation will mobilize these elements in concentrations large enough to adversely affect aquatic life in the James River ecosystem, based on current regulations, standards, and criteria. Data are not currently available to make definitive statements about selenium concentrations in ground water in Garrison Diversion Unit irrigation areas other than the west&nbsp;Oakes Irrigation area. Data available on total and water-extractable selenium concentrations in soils t however, indicate that concentrations in ground water would be similar to those determined in the west Oakes irrigation area. Plans have been developed to sample ground water in the additional areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894104","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., Severson, R.C., Wilson, S., and Webber, K., 1989, Geochemistry of soils and shallow ground water, with emphasis on arsenic and selenium, in part of the Garrison Diversion Unit, North Dakota, 1985-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4104, viii, 132 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894104.","productDescription":"viii, 132 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4104/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54235,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4104/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa69c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, S. A. 0000-0002-9468-0005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":23561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webber, Kurt","contributorId":15660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":28207,"text":"wri884157 - 1989 - Continuous seismic-reflection survey of the Great Salt Lake, Utah– East of Antelope and Fremont Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T21:51:43.898039","indexId":"wri884157","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4157","title":"Continuous seismic-reflection survey of the Great Salt Lake, Utah– East of Antelope and Fremont Islands","docAbstract":"<p>A continuous seismic-reflection survey of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, was conducted east of Fremont and Antelope Islands in 1984 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources and produced data along approximately 80 miles of seismic lines. The survey was conducted to determine depth to consolidated rock, and definition and continuity of overlying basin fill under the lake. Interpretation of the data indicates the presence of faulted rock dipping away from Fremont and Antelope Islands. A north-south-trending consolidated-rock ridge is identified 200 ft below lake bottom, 275 miles east of Fremont Island. Shallow rock is also inferred 380 ft below lake bottom, near Hooper Hot Springs, and 520 ft below lake bottom approximately 4 miles east of the south end of Antelope Island. Interpretation of reflections from overlying basin fill indicates fine-grained, thinly-bedded deposits that become coarser with depth. Strong reflectors in the basin fill can be correlated with water-bearing strata penetrated by wells near the north end of Antelope Island and along the east shore of the lake. Many continuous, high-amplitude reflections can be identified in data from basin fill and may represent sedimentary sections or aquifer boundaries but cannot be defined because of a lack of subsurface control in the area.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884157","usgsCitation":"Lambert, P., and West, J.C., 1989, Continuous seismic-reflection survey of the Great Salt Lake, Utah– East of Antelope and Fremont Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4157, Report: iv, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 36.74 × 25.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884157.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 36.74 × 25.62 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395949,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47065.htm"},{"id":57044,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4157/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57043,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4157/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4157/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.35992431640625,\n              40.83043687764923\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.9012451171875,\n              40.83043687764923\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.9012451171875,\n              41.20758898181025\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.35992431640625,\n              41.20758898181025\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.35992431640625,\n              40.83043687764923\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689c9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambert, P. M.","contributorId":74380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"West, J. C.","contributorId":63017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17502,"text":"ofr88492 - 1989 - Preliminary analysis of the shallow ground-water system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-06T16:33:20.898321","indexId":"ofr88492","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-492","title":"Preliminary analysis of the shallow ground-water system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The shallow groundwater system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River-Indiana Harbor Canal, Indiana was analyzed from June 1985 to May 1986. This analysis was done to obtain detailed information about the physical characteristics of the Calumet aquifer and the shallow groundwater flow system. 36 shallow wells were installed and sediment samples were collected at 26 sites. Water level measurements were made in 45 wells. Data indicate that the aquifer consists of fine-grained to medium-grained sand, locally overlain by slag fill. Aquifer thickness is 0 to 65 ft. This aquifer is underlain by about 100 ft of glacial till and lacustrine clay that overlies carbonate bedrock of Silurian age. Broad, low-relief water table mounds occur between the major surface water drains. The crests of these mounds form major east-west-trending water table divides. Northwest of the Indiana Harbor Canal (IHC), a narrow water table ridge parallels the Lake Michigan shoreline and connects to a somewhat circular, low mound northwest of the IHC. Shallow groundwater generally flows from these water table mounds to the major streams or to Lake Michigan. Groundwater also flows to small ditches, wetlands, and sewer lines. Stream/aquifer relations along the Grand Calumet River/IHC were quite complex. Digital model simulations of a conceptual north-south section near the middle of the study area indicate that discharge of groundwater to small ditches and leaky sewer lines has lowered the water table by several ft from predevelopment levels. Simulations also indicate that downward leakage to the bedrock may have contributed to the decline in the water table.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr88492","usgsCitation":"Watson, L.R., Shedlock, R.J., Banaszak, K., Arihood, L.D., and Doss, P.K., 1989, Preliminary analysis of the shallow ground-water system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-492, iv, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88492.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408041,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17455.htm"},{"id":46653,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0492/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0492/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.41615295410155,\n              41.59310776407768\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.30697631835936,\n              41.59310776407768\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.30697631835936,\n              41.65470159090441\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.41615295410155,\n              41.65470159090441\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.41615295410155,\n              41.59310776407768\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67cac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Lee R.","contributorId":83545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shedlock, R. J.","contributorId":91510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banaszak, K. J.","contributorId":34935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banaszak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arihood, L. D. 0000-0001-5792-3699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":74388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doss, P. K.","contributorId":22788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doss","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":57330,"text":"wdrVA881 - 1989 - Water resources data for Virginia, water year 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-25T17:50:15.380404","indexId":"wdrVA881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"VA-88-1","title":"Water resources data for Virginia, water year 1988","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrVA881","usgsCitation":"Prugh, B., Easton, F., and Lynch, D.D., 1989, Water resources data for Virginia, water year 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report VA-88-1, xiv, 447 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrVA881.","productDescription":"xiv, 447 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prugh, B.J.","contributorId":88811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prugh","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Easton, F.J.","contributorId":61096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easton","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynch, D. D.","contributorId":12075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":41114,"text":"ofr89200 - 1989 - Preliminary bedrock map of the Stratton Mountain quadrangle, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T19:23:19.628986","indexId":"ofr89200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-200","title":"Preliminary bedrock map of the Stratton Mountain quadrangle, Vermont","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89200","usgsCitation":"Ratcliffe, N.M., and Burton, W.C., 1989, Preliminary bedrock map of the Stratton Mountain quadrangle, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-200, Report: 11 p.; 1 Plate: 18.46 × 28.04 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89200.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 1 Plate: 18.46 × 28.04 inches","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398046,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18947.htm"},{"id":78970,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0200/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78969,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0200/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0200/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Stratton Mountain quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.875,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -73,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -73,\n              43.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.875,\n              43.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.875,\n              43\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c8c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":224524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":224523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":59098,"text":"mf2088 - 1989 - Vertical surface displacements along a part of the Newport-Inglewood zone of folds and faults, Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T19:45:51.241623","indexId":"mf2088","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2088","title":"Vertical surface displacements along a part of the Newport-Inglewood zone of folds and faults, Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California","docAbstract":"During the past half century, the onshore section of the Newport- Inglewood zone of folds and faults between the Dominguez oil field and Corona del Mar (fig. 1) has been repeatedly  leveled to geodetic standards. These essentially fortuitous surveys are unrelated to either the tectonic framework or the urbanization of the Los Angeles basin, but were established instead because the Newport-Inglewood zone southward from the Long Beach area is roughly coincident with the coastline--and, hence, is roughly coincident with a naturally defined leveling route. Although these have been several relevelings athwart this zone north of the long Beach area, notably in the Baldwin Hills area (Castle and Yerkes, 1976), about 25 km to the northwest, the survey density, in both space and time, diminishes markedly northward. Thus, the results of the indicated relevelings along the Los Angeles-Orange County coast have permitted the relatively detailed appraisal of historic vertical surface movements described in this report. The Newport-Inglewood zone of folds and faults forms the surface expression of a major crustal boundary separating the Peninsular Ranges province on the east from the Continental Borderland province on the west (Castle and others, 1984, p. 8-9, pl. 1). Transcurrent fault movement along this boundary has produced not only continuing seismic activity, for which this zone is justly famous, but also folds and other structural features within the sedimentary veneer that have entrapped the petroleum deposits for which the Newport-Inglewood zone is even more famous. Although the northeast boundary of the exceptionally prolific Wilmington oil field is roughly coincident with the southeast edge of the Newport-Inglewood zone, we have deliberately excluded this area from consideration--in other than a peripheral way--simply because compaction-induced subsidence centering on the Wilmington field is viewed as a singularly spectacular example of this phenomenon and, hence, has been the subject of a series of detailed investigation (Harris and Harlow, 1947; Gilluly and Grant, 1949; Hudson, 1956; Miller, 1966; Poland and Davis, 1969; Allen and Mayuga, 1970; Castle and Yerkes, 1976).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2088","usgsCitation":"Castle, R.O., and Buchanan-Banks, J.M., 1989, Vertical surface displacements along a part of the Newport-Inglewood zone of folds and faults, Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2088, 2 Plates: 48.98 x 38.04 inches and 42.84 x 47.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2088.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 48.98 x 38.04 inches and 42.84 x 47.93 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487476,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5692.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2088/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":284434,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2088/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284433,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2088/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County;Orange County","otherGeospatial":"Newport-inglewood Zone","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.25,33.625 ], [ -118.25,33.875 ], [ -117.875,33.875 ], [ -117.875,33.625 ], [ -118.25,33.625 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7b0ee4b0b2908510de66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castle, Robert O.","contributorId":22741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchanan-Banks, Jane M.","contributorId":29421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan-Banks","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":59328,"text":"mf1996B - 1989 - Summary and interpretation of geochemical maps for stream sediment and heavy mineral concentrate samples, Mount Hayes Quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T11:40:05","indexId":"mf1996B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1996","chapter":"B","title":"Summary and interpretation of geochemical maps for stream sediment and heavy mineral concentrate samples, Mount Hayes Quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>This report and accompanying maps summarize the results of geochemical exploration studies in the Mount Hayes quadrangle, Alaska. This is one of a series of maps and reports on the geological, geochemical, and geophysical studies of the quadrangle prepared as part of the Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP) of the U.S. Geological Survey. These maps are part of the Mount Hayes l:250,000-scale folio.</p><p>The geochemical studies were made in order to identify and define mineralized areas in the quadrangle and to aid in characterizing the nature of the mineral occurrences within these areas. The studies included the collection of composite samples of stream sediment or glacial debris and preparation of these samples, as described by O'Leary and others (1982), to yield a minus-80-mesh (0.2-mm) fraction and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral-concentrate fraction consisting of mineral grains having a specific gravity greater than 2.85. Samples were collected at 911 sites either from tributary streams or tributary glaciers with drainage basins ranging from 1 to 5 sq mi in area. The samples were analyzed for 30 elements by semiquantitative emission spectrography (O'Leary and others, 1982). The stream-sediment and glacial-debris samples also were analyzed for zinc by an atomic absorption method (Ward and others, 1969), and those results were used in preparing map A.</p><p>The maps in this report show drainage basins in which the stream sediment or glacial debris contained anomalously high amounts of selected metals. The geologic base map aids in showing the geologic terranes of the quadrangle. The accompanying tables give frequencies and cumulative percents of the selected metals for all major geologic terranes within the quadrangle.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1996B","usgsCitation":"Curtin, G.C., Tripp, R.B., and Nokleberg, W.J., 1989, Summary and interpretation of geochemical maps for stream sediment and heavy mineral concentrate samples, Mount Hayes Quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1996, Pamphlet: 11 p.; 3 Plates: 57.66 x 42.29 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1996B.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 11 p.; 3 Plates: 57.66 x 42.29 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":88622,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1989/1996b/report.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358742,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-B/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-B/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358743,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-B/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358744,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hayes Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147,63 ], [ -147,64 ], [ -144,64 ], [ -144,63 ], [ -147,63 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6996d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtin, Gary C.","contributorId":89109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tripp, Richard B.","contributorId":25997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tripp","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":261796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":35841,"text":"b1573_1989 - 1989 - Bedrock geology of the Bristol quadrangle, Hartford, Litchfield, and New Haven Counties, Connecticut","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":35841,"text":"b1573_1989 - 1989 - Bedrock geology of the Bristol quadrangle, Hartford, Litchfield, and New Haven Counties, Connecticut","indexId":"b1573_1989","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock geology of the Bristol quadrangle, Hartford, Litchfield, and New Haven Counties, Connecticut"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35832,"text":"b1573 - 1990 - Bedrock geology of the Bristol quadrangle, Hartford, Litchfield, and New Haven Counties, Connecticut","indexId":"b1573","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock geology of the Bristol quadrangle, Hartford, Litchfield, and New Haven Counties, Connecticut"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":35832,"text":"b1573 - 1990 - Bedrock geology of the Bristol quadrangle, Hartford, Litchfield, and New Haven Counties, Connecticut","indexId":"b1573","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock geology of the Bristol quadrangle, Hartford, Litchfield, and New Haven Counties, Connecticut"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T15:38:48.513924","indexId":"b1573_1989","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1573","title":"Bedrock geology of the Bristol quadrangle, Hartford, Litchfield, and New Haven Counties, Connecticut","docAbstract":"<p>Metamorphosed strata of sedimentary origin underlie the upland surface of western Connecticut, and nonmetamorphosed sedimentary strata underlie the adjacent lowland surface of central Connecticut. The metamorphic rocks consist chiefly of micaceous schists and gneisses, with minor amounts of pegmatite, amphibolite, and metaquartzite. These rocks represent three formations. They are, in order of decreasing age, the Taine Mountain Formation, Collinsville Formation, and Straits Schist Formation; together they comprise seven members. The formations probably correlate with the Moretown Formation, Hawley Formation, and Goshen Formation of central western Massachusetts, and Vermont. The originally nonmetamorphosed sediments of the formations thus are inferred to range in geologic age from Middle Ordovician to Late Silurian and Early Devonian. Regional metamorphism of the strata may have occurred during the Acadian orogeny at or near the end of Early Devonian time. The nonmetamorphosed strata of the lowland are mainly sandstone; they are correlated with the New Haven Arkose of Middle Triassic age in central Connecticut. Gravimeter traverses across the upland-lowland boundary suggest the presence of a normal fault of a few hundred feet displacement, downthrown on the east. Traces of copper mineralization are found locally in the vicinity of the boundary, and at least one mine produced copper ore during the 1800's. Jointing and foliation planes in the metamorphic rocks may affect slope stability and the ease of excavation. The sedimentary strata are inclined, commonly massive, and poorly exposed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1573_1989","usgsCitation":"Simpson, H.E., 1989, Bedrock geology of the Bristol quadrangle, Hartford, Litchfield, and New Haven Counties, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1573, Report: 22p.; 1 Plate: 38.30 x 31.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1573_1989.","productDescription":"Report: 22p.; 1 Plate: 38.30 x 31.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431247,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1573_1989/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247608,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1573_1989/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1573_1989/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","county":"Hartford County, Litchfield County, New Haven County","otherGeospatial":"Bristol","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -73,\n              41.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.875,\n              41.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.875,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -73,\n              41.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db63422b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Howard E.","contributorId":95046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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