{"pageNumber":"3254","pageRowStart":"81325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":1014984,"text":"1014984 - 2000 - Experimental infectious pancreatic necrosis infections: propagative or point-source epidemic?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T16:38:44.026071","indexId":"1014984","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3117,"text":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental infectious pancreatic necrosis infections: propagative or point-source epidemic?","docAbstract":"<p>Experimentally initiated epidemics of infectious pancreatic necrosis in rainbow-trout fry were analyzed using a modification of the standard mathematical model for a simple propagative epidemic. Contrary to expectations, the value of the transmission parameter (<i>β</i>) was inversely related to initial density of susceptible hosts. This anomaly can be explained if we assume that the experimental epidemics were point-source rather than propagative epidemics. The implications of this conclusion for modeling experimental and natural epidemics are discussed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5877(00)00176-8","usgsCitation":"Smith, G., Bebak, J., and McAllister, P.E., 2000, Experimental infectious pancreatic necrosis infections: propagative or point-source epidemic?: Preventive Veterinary Medicine, v. 47, no. 4, p. 221-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(00)00176-8.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5877(00)00176-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f922b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G.","contributorId":52918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bebak, J.","contributorId":31704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bebak","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022376,"text":"70022376 - 2000 - Organic matter sources and rehabilitation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T15:01:48","indexId":"70022376","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic matter sources and rehabilitation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA)","docAbstract":"<p>1. The Sacramento San Joaquin River Delta, a complex mosaic of tidal freshwater habitats in California, is the focus of a major ecosystem rehabilitation effort because of significant long-term changes in critical ecosystem functions. One of these functions is the production, transport and transformation of organic matter that constitutes the primary food supply, which may be sub-optimal at trophic levels supporting fish recruitment. A long historical data set is used to define the most important organic matter sources, the factors underlying their variability, and the implications of ecosystem rehabilitation actions for these sources. 2. Tributary-borne loading is the largest organic carbon source on an average annual Delta-wide basis; phytoplankton production and agricultural drainage are secondary; wastewater treatment plant discharge, tidal marsh drainage and possibly aquatic macrophyte production are tertiary; and benthic microalgal production, urban run-off and other sources are negligible. 3. Allochthonous dissolved organic carbon must be converted to particulate form - with losses due to hydraulic flushing and to heterotroph growth inefficiency - before it becomes available to the metazoan food web. When these losses are accounted for, phytoplankton production plays a much larger role than is evident from a simple accounting of bulk organic carbon sources, especially in seasons critical for larval development and recruitment success. Phytoplankton-derived organic matter is also an important component of particulate loading to the Delta. 4. The Delta is a net producer of organic matter in critically dry years but, because of water diversion from the Delta, transport of organic matter from the Delta to important, downstream nursery areas in San Francisco Bay is always less than transport into the Delta from upstream sources. 5. Of proposed rehabilitation measures, increased use of floodplains probably offers the biggest increase in organic matter sources. 6. An isolated diversion facility - channelling water from the Sacramento River around the Delta to the water projects - would result in substantial loading increases during winter and autumn, but little change in spring and summer when food availability probably matters most to developing organisms. 7. Flow and fish barriers in the channel could have significant effects, especially on phytoplankton sources and in dry years, by eliminating 'short-circuits' in the transport of organic matter to diversion points. 8. Finally, productivity of intentionally flooded islands probably would exceed that of adjacent channels because of lower turbidity and shallower mean depth, although vascular plants rather than phytoplankton could dominate if depths were too shallow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/1099-0755(200009/10)10:5<323::AID-AQC417>3.0.CO;2-J","issn":"10527613","usgsCitation":"Jassby, A., and Cloern, J.E., 2000, Organic matter sources and rehabilitation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA): Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 10, no. 5, p. 323-352, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0755(200009/10)10:5<323::AID-AQC417>3.0.CO;2-J.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fcae4b0c8380cd75c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jassby, A.D.","contributorId":43798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015072,"text":"1015072 - 2000 - Translocations as a tool for restoring populations of bighorn sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T16:22:19","indexId":"1015072","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Translocations as a tool for restoring populations of bighorn sheep","docAbstract":"<p>We analyzed factors that contributed to the success of 100 translocations of bighorn sheep within six western states between 1923 and 1997. We categorized the populations as unsuccessful (i.e., extirpated or remnant, &lt;29 animals), moderately successful (30–99 animals), and successful (100–350 animals) by the end of the study period in 1997. Thirty of the translocated populations were unsuccessful (<i>n</i> = 13 were extirpated and <i>n</i> = 17 were remnant), 29 were moderately successful, and 41 were successful (21 ± 1.3 [SE] years of information per translocation). Translocations were less successful when domestic sheep were located within 6 km of the known bighorn sheep use areas (logistic regression, <i>p</i> = 0.052). Grazing of cattle on the same range also negatively influenced success (<i>p</i> = 0.004). Use of indigenous versus previously translocated source stocks increased success (<i>p</i> = 0.084). The translocation was twice as likely to be successful when indigenous herds were used as sources (<i>p</i> = 0.043), but mixing genetic stocks (<i>p</i> = 0.381) or later additional augmentations did not influence success (<i>p</i> = 0.095). Annual migrations by newly established translocated populations increased success (<i>p</i> = 0.014). We recommend translocations of founder groups of bighorn sheep from indigenous sources into large patches of habitat that promote movements and migrations, and with no domestic sheep present in the area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80061.x","usgsCitation":"Singer, F.J., Papouchis, C., and Symonds, K., 2000, Translocations as a tool for restoring populations of bighorn sheep: Restoration Ecology, v. 8, no. 4S, p. 6-13, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80061.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db626d51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papouchis, C.M.","contributorId":36080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papouchis","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Symonds, K.K.","contributorId":18710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symonds","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015021,"text":"1015021 - 2000 - Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for transforming growth factor-β applied to a field study of fish health in Chesapeake Bay tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-17T16:23:42.363209","indexId":"1015021","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for transforming growth factor-β applied to a field study of fish health in Chesapeake Bay tributaries","docAbstract":"<p>Fish morbidity and mortality events in Chesapeake Bay tributaries have aroused concern over the health of this important aquatic ecosystem. We applied a recently described method for quantifying mRNA of an immunosuppressive cytokine, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), by reverse transcription quantitative-competitive polymerase chain reaction to a field study of fish health in the Chesapeake Basin, and compared the results to those of a traditional cellular immunoassay macrophage bactericidal activity. We selected the white perch (<i>Morone americana</i>) as the sentinel fish species because of its abundance at all of the collection sites. White perch were sampled from Chesapeake Bay tributaries in June, August, and October 1998. Splenic mononuclear cell TGF-β mRNA levels increased and anterior kidney macrophage bactericidal activity decreased, particularly in eastern shore tributaries, from June to August and October. The results of the two assays correlated inversely (Kendall's τ&nbsp;b = -0.600; p = 0.0102). The results indicated both temporal and spatial modulation of white perch immune systems in the Chesapeake Basin, and demonstrated the utility of quantitative PCR for TGF-β as a molecular biomarker for field assessment of teleost fish immune status.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Institutes of Health","doi":"10.1289/ehp.00108447","usgsCitation":"Harms, C.A., Ottinger, C.A., Blazer, V., Densmore, C.L., Pieper, L.H., and Kennedy-Stoskopf, S., 2000, Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for transforming growth factor-β applied to a field study of fish health in Chesapeake Bay tributaries: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 108, no. 5, p. 447-452, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.00108447.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"452","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.00108447","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Back River, Chesapeake Bay, Choptank River, Pocomoke River, Wicomico River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.277587890625,\n              36.55377524336089\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.849853515625,\n              36.55377524336089\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.849853515625,\n              40.59727063442024\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.277587890625,\n              40.59727063442024\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.277587890625,\n              36.55377524336089\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a87e4b07f02db64e806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harms, Craig A.","contributorId":59759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harms","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ottinger, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2551-1985 cottinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":2559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Christopher","email":"cottinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":149414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Densmore, Christine L.","contributorId":18316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pieper, Laurence H.","contributorId":44876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieper","given":"Laurence","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne","contributorId":18319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy-Stoskopf","given":"Suzanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1015128,"text":"1015128 - 2000 - Test of a modified habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T16:23:33","indexId":"1015128","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Test of a modified habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep","docAbstract":"<p>Translocation of bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>) is time, labor, and cost intensive and, therefore, high levels of success are desirable. We tested a widely used habitat suitability model against translocation success and then modified it to include additional factors which improved its usefulness in predicting appropriate translocation sites. The modified Smith habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep was 64% accurate in predicting success or failure of 32 translocations of bighorn sheep into the Rocky Mountains, Colorado Plateau desert, and prairie-badlands of six states. We had sheep location data for 13 populations, and the modified habitat model predicted the areas used by bighorn sheep with greater than 90% accuracy in eight populations, greater than 55% accuracy in four populations, and less than 55% accuracy in one population. Translocations were more successful when sheep were placed into discrete habitat patches containing a high proportion of lambing period habitat (&gt;10% of suitable habitat, <i>p</i> = 0.05), where animals had a migratory tendency (&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>p</i> = 0.02), no contact with domestic sheep (&nbsp;<i>p</i> = 0.02), or greater distance to domestic sheep (&gt;23 km, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Rate of population growth was best predicted by area of lambing period habitat, potential area of winter range, and distance to domestic sheep. We retested the model using these refined criteria and the refined model then predicted success or failure of these 32 translocated populations with 82% accuracy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80064.x","usgsCitation":"Zeigenfuss, L., Singer, F.J., and Gudorf, M., 2000, Test of a modified habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep: Restoration Ecology, v. 8, no. 4S, p. 38-46, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80064.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684c2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeigenfuss, L. C.","contributorId":69089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"L. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gudorf, M.A.","contributorId":92205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gudorf","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015029,"text":"1015029 - 2000 - Application of the new keystone-species concept to prairie dogs: How well does it work?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T10:07:28","indexId":"1015029","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the new keystone-species concept to prairie dogs: How well does it work?","docAbstract":"<p>It has been suggested that the keystone-species concept should be dropped from ecology and conservation, primarily because the concept is poorly defined. This prompted Power et al. (1996) to refine the definition: keystone species have large effects on community structure or ecosystem function (i.e., high overall importance), and this effect should be large relative to abundance (i.e., high community importance). Using prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys</i> spp.) as an example, I review operational and conceptual difficulties encountered in applying this definition. As applied to prairie dogs, the implicit assumption that overall importance is a linear function of abundance is invalid. In addition, community importance is sensitive to abundance levels, the definition of community, and sampling scale. These problems arise largely from the equation for community importance, as used in conjunction with removal experiments at single abundance levels. I suggest that we shift from the current emphasis on the dualism between keystone and nonkeystone species and instead examine how overall and community importance vary (1) with abundance, (2) across spatial and temporal scales, and (3) under diverse ecological conditions. In addition, I propose that a third criterion be incorporated into the definition: keystone species perform roles not performed by other species or processes. Examination of how these factors vary among populations of keystone species should help identify the factors contributing to, or limiting, keystone-level functions, thereby increasing the usefulness of the keystone-species concept in ecology and conservation. Although the quantitative framework of Power et al. falls short of being fully operational, my conceptual guidelines may improve the usefulness of the keystone-species concept. Careful attention to the factors that limit keystone function will help avoid misplaced emphasis on keystone species at the expense of other species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2000.98384.x","usgsCitation":"Kotliar, N., 2000, Application of the new keystone-species concept to prairie dogs: How well does it work?: Conservation Biology, v. 14, no. 6, p. 1715-1721, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2000.98384.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1715","endPage":"1721","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a5de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kotliar, N.B.","contributorId":7649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014972,"text":"1014972 - 2000 - Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:15","indexId":"1014972","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1888,"text":"Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Newsletter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"01-047/NF","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., 2000, Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area: Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Newsletter, v. 5, p. 6-8.","productDescription":"p. 6-8","startPage":"6","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624f5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022221,"text":"70022221 - 2000 - Spatial variation in fish assemblages across a beaver-influenced successional landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T14:52:54","indexId":"70022221","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variation in fish assemblages across a beaver-influenced successional landscape","docAbstract":"<p><span>Beavers are increasingly viewed as “ecological engineers,” having broad effects on physical, chemical, and biological attributes of north-temperate landscapes. We examine the influence of both local successional processes associated with beaver activity and regional geomorphic boundaries on spatial variation in fish assemblages along the Kabetogama Peninsula in Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, USA. Fish abundance and species richness exhibited considerable variation among drainages along the peninsula. Geological barriers to fish dispersal at outlets of some drainages has reduced fish abundance and species richness. Fish abundance and species richness also varied within drainages among local environments associated with beaver pond succession. Fish abundance was higher in upland ponds than in lowland ponds, collapsed ponds, or streams, whereas species richness was highest in collapsed ponds and streams. Cluster analyses based on fish abundance at sites classified according to successional environment indicated that four species (northern redbelly dace, </span><i>Phoxinus eos</i><span>; brook stickleback, </span><i>Culaea inconstans</i><span>; finescale dace, </span><i>P. neogaeus</i><span>; and fathead minnow, </span><i>Pimephales promelas</i><span>), were predominant in all successional environments. Several less abundant species were added in collapsed ponds and streams, with smaller size classes of large lake species (e.g., black crappie, </span><i>Pomoxis nigromaculatus</i><span>; smallmouth bass, </span><i>Micropertus dolomieui</i><span>; yellow perch, </span><i>Perca flavescens</i><span>; and burbot, </span><i>Lota lota</i><span>) being a component of these less abundant species. The addition of smaller size classes of large lake species indicates that dispersal of early life-history stages from Kabetogama Lake played a role in determining the species richness and composition of less abundant species in successional environments on the peninsula. Furthermore, collapsed-pond and stream environments closer to Kabetogama Lake had higher species richness than similar successional sites located farther from the lake. Cluster analyses based on fish abundance at sites classified according to drainage indicated that species composition among drainages was influenced both by the presence or absence of geological barriers to fish dispersal and the nonrandom distribution of collapsed ponds and streams. Based on these results, we present a hierarchical conceptual model suggesting how geomorphic boundaries and beaver pond succession interact to influence fish assemblage attributes. The presence of a productive and diverse fish assemblage in headwater streams of north-temperate areas requires the entire spatial and temporal mosaic of successional habitats associated with beaver activity, including those due to the creation and abandonment of beaver ponds. The ultimate impact of the local successional mosaic on fishes, however, will be strongly influenced by the regional geomorphic context in which the mosaic occurs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1371:SVIFAA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Schlosser, I., and Kallemeyn, L., 2000, Spatial variation in fish assemblages across a beaver-influenced successional landscape: Ecology, v. 81, no. 5, p. 1371-1382, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1371:SVIFAA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1371","endPage":"1382","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94b9e4b08c986b31ac10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlosser, I.J.","contributorId":23303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kallemeyn, L.W.","contributorId":44864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kallemeyn","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015068,"text":"1015068 - 2000 - Genetic bottlenecks resulting from restoration efforts: The case of bighorn sheep in Badlands National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T09:38:57","indexId":"1015068","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic bottlenecks resulting from restoration efforts: The case of bighorn sheep in Badlands National Park","docAbstract":"<p>Using the example of a reintroduced bighorn sheep population in Badlands National Park, South Dakota we demonstrate the usefulness of neutrality tests and demographic data for detecting a severe genetic bottleneck (Ne &lt; 10). From demographic data the effective population size of the founding population at Badlands was estimated to be six, and a heterozygosity excess test revealed evidence of a severe population bottleneck. We discuss the criteria for intervention when there is evidence of a severe bottleneck, and propose methods of mitigating the potentially deleterious long-term consequences of such bottlenecks. These issues are presented in the context of bighorn sheep reintroductions, but the issues are also of general importance to restoration efforts involving other large vertebrates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80069.x","usgsCitation":"Ramey, R., Luikart, G., and Singer, F.J., 2000, Genetic bottlenecks resulting from restoration efforts: The case of bighorn sheep in Badlands National Park: Restoration Ecology, v. 8, no. 4S, p. 85-90, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80069.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Badlands National Park","volume":"8","issue":"4S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, R.R. II","contributorId":10374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luikart, G.","contributorId":25515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luikart","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015067,"text":"1015067 - 2000 - An approach for assessment of water quality using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and bioindicator tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-20T12:26:05","indexId":"1015067","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An approach for assessment of water quality using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and bioindicator tests","docAbstract":"<p><span>As an integral part of our continued development of water quality assessment approaches, we combined integrative sampling, instrumental analysis of widely occurring anthropogenic contaminants, and the application of a suite of bioindicator tests as a specific part of a broader survey of ecological conditions, species diversity, and habitat quality in the Santa Cruz River in Arizona, USA. Lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were employed to sequester waterborne hydrophobic chemicals. Instrumental analysis and a suite of bioindicator tests were used to determine the presence and potential toxicological relevance of mixtures of bioavailable chemicals in two major water sources of the Santa Cruz River. The SPMDs were deployed at two sites; the effluent weir of the International Wastewater Treatment Plant (IWWTP) and the Nogales Wash. Both of these systems empty into the Santa Cruz River and the IWWTP effluent is a potential source of water for a constructed wetland complex. Analysis of the SPMD sample extracts revealed the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The bioindicator tests demonstrated increased liver enzyme activity, perturbation of neurotransmitter systems and potential endocrine disrupting effects (vitellogenin induction) in fish exposed to the extracts. With increasing global demands on limited water resources, the approach described herein provides an assessment paradigm applicable to determining the quality of water in a broad range of aquatic systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00499-3","usgsCitation":"Petty, J.D., Jones, S., Huckins, J., Cranor, W., Parris, J., McTague, T., and Boyle, T., 2000, An approach for assessment of water quality using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and bioindicator tests: Chemosphere, v. 41, no. 3, p. 311-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00499-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6855c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, S.B.","contributorId":27005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cranor, W.L.","contributorId":98261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranor","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parris, J.T.","contributorId":17946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parris","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McTague, T.B.","contributorId":73150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McTague","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boyle, T.P.","contributorId":79061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1015071,"text":"1015071 - 2000 - Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T21:39:07","indexId":"1015071","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes","docAbstract":"<p>Woody riparian vegetation in western North American riparian ecosystems is commonly dependent on alluvial groundwater. Various natural and anthropogenic mechanisms can cause groundwater declines that stress riparian vegetation, but little quantitative information exists on the nature of plant response to different magnitudes, rates, and durations of groundwater decline. We observed groundwater dynamics and the response of<i> Populus fremontii, Salix gooddingii</i>, and <i>Tamarix ramosissima</i> saplings at 3 sites between 1995 and 1997 along the Bill Williams River, Arizona. At a site where the lowest observed groundwater level in 1996 (-1.97 m) was 1.11 m lower than that in 1995 (-0.86 m), 92-100% of <i>Populus</i> and <i>Salix</i> saplings died, whereas 0-13% of <i>Tamarix</i> stems died. A site with greater absolute water table depths in 1996 (-2.55 m), but less change from the 1995 condition (0.55 m), showed less <i>Populus</i> and <i>Salix</i> mortality and increased basal area. Excavations of sapling roots suggest that root distribution is related to groundwater history. Therefore, a decline in water table relative to the condition under which roots developed may strand plant roots where they cannot obtain sufficient moisture. Plant response is likely mediated by other factors such as soil texture and stratigraphy, availability of precipitation-derived soil moisture, physiological and morphological adaptations to water stress, and tree age. An understanding of the relationships between water table declines and plant response may enable land and water managers to avoid activities that are likely to stress desirable riparian vegetation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P., Stromberg, J., and Patten, D., 2000, Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes: Western North American Naturalist, v. 60, no. 1, p. 66-76.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"76","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15001,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41717015"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545482","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stromberg, J.C.","contributorId":81455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patten, D.T.","contributorId":15955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patten","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015002,"text":"1015002 - 2000 - Effect of dietary ingredient substition on dorsal fin erosion of steelhead","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T17:46:05.614289","indexId":"1015002","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of dietary ingredient substition on dorsal fin erosion of steelhead","docAbstract":"<p>A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing a diet based on hydrolyzed fish meal with either 6% chitin (as ground krill shell), 6% squid meal, or 200 mg carotenoid pigment (canthaxanthin) per kilogram on dorsal fin erosion in juvenile steelhead<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Three hundred fry in triplicate tanks were fed one of the four test diets, and 300 fry in a single tank were fed a commercial trout starter diet. The feeding trial was conducted for 15 weeks at a water temperature of 15°C. Growth was significantly higher (<i>P</i><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.05) for fish fed the diet containing chitin than for those fed other feeds. Dorsal fin index (100 × mean dorsal fin height/total fish length) was similar among fish consuming the hydrolyzed fish meal diets but lower for fish consuming the commercial formulation. Results suggest that removal of bones from fish meal may influence dorsal fin condition in steelhead, perhaps through altered dietary mineral composition or form.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8454(2000)062<0135:EODISO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lellis, W., and Barrows, F., 2000, Effect of dietary ingredient substition on dorsal fin erosion of steelhead: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 62, no. 2, p. 135-138, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8454(2000)062<0135:EODISO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625871","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrows, F.T.","contributorId":94998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014998,"text":"1014998 - 2000 - Modeling the distributions of species and communities in Great Smoky Mountains National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T15:16:09.273268","indexId":"1014998","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1313,"text":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the distributions of species and communities in Great Smoky Mountains National Park","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00104-6","usgsCitation":"Wilds, S., Boetsch, J., Van Manen, F., Clark, J.D., and White, P., 2000, Modeling the distributions of species and communities in Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, v. 27, no. 1-3, p. 389-392, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00104-6.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"392","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.29971313476561,\n              35.561277754384555\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.25851440429688,\n              35.59143550522717\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.177490234375,\n              35.513225308679914\n            ],\n            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D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, P.S.","contributorId":53336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1015025,"text":"1015025 - 2000 - Effects of disease, dispersal, and area on bighorn sheep restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T11:11:09","indexId":"1015025","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of disease, dispersal, and area on bighorn sheep restoration","docAbstract":"<p>We simulated population dynamics of bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>) inhabiting six discrete habitat patches in the Badlands ecosystem, South Dakota. Modeled populations were subjected to a range of potential management actions and rates of disease-causing infection. Simulated disease varied in severity from mild (∼12% mortality) to severe (∼67% mortality), with infections imposed once, at regular intervals, or with a fixed probability each year. In the absence of disease, 200-year extinction rates were uniformly low and insensitive to changes in colonization rate or area of suitable habitat. A single infection, accompanied by change in the area of suitable habitat or colonization rate, resulted in extinction rates of up to 40%, and large changes in average population size (up to 10-fold with changes in area; 4-fold with changes in colonization rate). Simulations with multiple infections, which are probably most realistic, generally resulted in extinction rates that exceeded 20% over a 200-year period. Model results clearly showed that efforts directed toward reducing the frequency or severity of disease are of highest priority for improving the success of attempts to restore bighorn sheep populations. Increases in areas of suitable habitat or improvements to corridors between existing habitat patches were far less likely to improve persistence of simulated sheep populations than reductions in the impact of disease. Although theory predicts that enhanced movements may exacerbate effects of disease, increased colonization rates resulted in relatively small but consistent increases in persistence and average population size for all combinations of parameters we examined.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80063.x","usgsCitation":"Gross, J., Singer, F.J., and Moses, M., 2000, Effects of disease, dispersal, and area on bighorn sheep restoration: Restoration Ecology, v. 8, no. 4S, p. 25-37, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80063.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gross, J.E.","contributorId":95845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moses, M.E.","contributorId":57412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moses","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022186,"text":"70022186 - 2000 - Isotope evidence of paleo-El Niño-Southern Oscillation cycles in loess-paleosol record in the central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T16:46:14.636004","indexId":"70022186","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope evidence of paleo-El Niño-Southern Oscillation cycles in loess-paleosol record in the central United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C of soil carbonate in rhizoconcretions collected from a loess-paleosol sequence in the central United States indicates that growing-season C</span><sub>3</sub><span>/C</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;plant ratio oscillated by 35% on a 900 ± 200 yr time scale during the late Wisconsinan glaciation. The pattern appears in phase with advance and retreat of the southern margin of the Laurentide ice sheet, suggesting influence by paleo–El Niño–Southern Oscillation cycles. The δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C of soil organic matter indicates that the annual average C</span><sub>3</sub><span>/C</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;plant ratio oscillated only by 18%, with a periodicity of 450 ± 100 yr, and closely matched the cyclic pattern of loess-paleosol layers. It suggests a periodic enhancement of the penetration of the Gulf of Mexico air over the region during this time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<771:IEOPNO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Follmer, L., and Chao-li, L.J., 2000, Isotope evidence of paleo-El Niño-Southern Oscillation cycles in loess-paleosol record in the central United States: Geology, v. 28, no. 9, p. 771-774, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<771:IEOPNO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"774","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North 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,{"id":70022338,"text":"70022338 - 2000 - Nano-metrology and terrain modelling - convergent practice in surface characterisation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022338","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3654,"text":"Tribology International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nano-metrology and terrain modelling - convergent practice in surface characterisation","docAbstract":"The quantification of magnetic-tape and disk topography has a macro-scale counterpart in the Earth sciences - terrain modelling, the numerical representation of relief and pattern of the ground surface. The two practices arose independently and continue to function separately. This methodological paper introduces terrain modelling, discusses its similarities to and differences from industrial surface metrology, and raises the possibility of a unified discipline of quantitative surface characterisation. A brief discussion of an Earth-science problem, subdividing a heterogeneous terrain surface from a set of sample measurements, exemplifies a multivariate statistical procedure that may transfer to tribological applications of 3-D metrological height data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tribology International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0301-679X(00)00075-X","issn":"0301679X","usgsCitation":"Pike, R., 2000, Nano-metrology and terrain modelling - convergent practice in surface characterisation: Tribology International, v. 33, no. 9, p. 593-600, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-679X(00)00075-X.","startPage":"593","endPage":"600","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206749,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-679X(00)00075-X"},{"id":230713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6181e4b0c8380cd719d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, R.J.","contributorId":72814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185092,"text":"70185092 - 2000 - Integrating chemical, water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage data from the San Joaquin River drainage, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-02T09:22:50","indexId":"70185092","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Integrating chemical, water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage data from the San Joaquin River drainage, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Integrated assessment of ecosystem health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","issn":"1-56670-453-7 ","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., Kratzer, C.R., and Dubrovsky, N.M., 2000, Integrating chemical, water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage data from the San Joaquin River drainage, California, chap. <i>of</i> Integrated assessment of ecosystem health, p. 25-62.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c9012ae4b0849ce97abd28","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Scow, Kate M.","contributorId":100519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scow","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684331,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fogg, Graham E.","contributorId":68779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"Graham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684332,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinton, D.E.","contributorId":75489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinton","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684333,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Michael L.","contributorId":97781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684334,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":684328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil M. 0000-0001-7786-1149 nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85664,"text":"85664 - 2000 - Regional impacts of levee construction and channelization, middle Mississippi River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"85664","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Regional impacts of levee construction and channelization, middle Mississippi River, USA","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Flood Issues in Contemporary Water Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Pinter, N., Thomas, R., and Wlosinski, J., 2000, Regional impacts of levee construction and channelization, middle Mississippi River, USA, chap. <i>of</i> Flood Issues in Contemporary Water Management, 351-361.","productDescription":"351-361","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4a6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Marsalek, J.","contributorId":114129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsalek","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504669,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Pinter, N.","contributorId":73721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinter","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, R.","contributorId":79205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wlosinski, J.H.","contributorId":18878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wlosinski","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1004128,"text":"1004128 - 2000 - Defining anural malformations in the context of a developmental problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T18:02:05.111906","indexId":"1004128","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2555,"text":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining anural malformations in the context of a developmental problem","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes terminology and general concepts involved in animal development for the purpose of providing background for the study and understanding of frog malformations. The results of our radiographic investigation of rear limb malformations in Rana pipiens provide evidence that frog malformations are the product of early developmental errors. Although bacteria, parasites and viruses were identified in these metamorphosed frogs, the relevant window to look for the teratogenic effect of these agents is in the early tadpole stage during limb development. As a result, our microbiological findings must be regarded as inconclusive relative to determining their contribution to malformations because we conducted our examinations on metamorphosed frogs not tadpoles. Future studies need to look at teratogenic agents (chemical, microbial, physical or mechanical) that are present in the embryo, tadpole, and their environments at the stages of development that are relevant for the malformation type. The impact of these teratogenic agents then needs to be assessed in appropriate animal models using studies that are designed to mimic field conditions. The results of these laboratory tests should then be analyzed in such a way that will allow comparison with the findings in the wild-caught tadpoles and frogs.","language":"English","publisher":"Iowa Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Meteyer, C., Cole, R.A., Converse, K.A., Docherty, D.E., Wolcott, M., Helgen, J., Levey, R., Eaton-Poole, L., and Burkhart, J., 2000, Defining anural malformations in the context of a developmental problem: Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 107, no. 3, p. 72-78.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423306,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.uni.edu/jias/vol107/iss3/7/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":134115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6724e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meteyer, C.U. 0000-0002-4007-3410","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":74327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"C.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":39719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Converse, K. 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,{"id":85613,"text":"85613 - 2000 - Avian toxicologic diagnosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-18T21:30:15.635944","indexId":"85613","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Avian toxicologic diagnosis","docAbstract":"This chapter describes the sources and pathophysiology of some potential poisons that affect birds and summarizes useful laboratory tests. The diagnosis of poisoning in birds, as in mammals, requires a complete and accurate history, careful observation of clinical signs, and a thorough necropsy evaluation. Appropriate sample handling and analysis, based on consultation with the diagnostic toxicologist, are critical (Table 19--1). Veterinary toxicology laboratories are becoming increasingly specialized, with only certain laboratories capable of analyzing for drug residues or anticoagulants, for example. Although a local laboratory may not be able to fulfill a specific test request, they may recommend an alternative laboratory or may be willing to forward the sample. As a general rule in suspect poisoning cases, large tissue samples of liver, kidney, brain, and subcutaneous fat and of crop, proventriculus, and ventriculus contents should be collected at necropsy and frozen. Appropriate samples should be submitted frozen, with the remainder held in the freezer for possible later testing. A second set of tissues should be placed in 10% formalin for histopathologic examination.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Laboratory Medicine: Avian and Exotic Pets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"W.B. Saunders Company","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","usgsCitation":"Sigurdson, C., and Franson, J.C., 2000, Avian toxicologic diagnosis, chap. <i>of</i> Laboratory Medicine: Avian and Exotic Pets, p. 174-184.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128533,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aed0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fudge, A.M.","contributorId":111412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fudge","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504567,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Sigurdson, C.J.","contributorId":89082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigurdson","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1004084,"text":"1004084 - 2000 - National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T15:28:17","indexId":"1004084","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., Miller, K.J., Glaser, L., Creekmore, T., and Schrader, A., 2000, National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 36, no. 4, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Kimberli J.G. 0000-0002-7947-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-0894","contributorId":81447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kimberli","email":"","middleInitial":"J.G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":315132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glaser, L.","contributorId":81051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Creekmore, T.","contributorId":74335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creekmore","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schrader, A.","contributorId":104435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1004066,"text":"1004066 - 2000 - Selected trace elements and organochlorines: some findings in blood and eggs of nesting common eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima</i>) from Finland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-20T16:33:40","indexId":"1004066","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selected trace elements and organochlorines: some findings in blood and eggs of nesting common eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima</i>) from Finland","docAbstract":"<p>In 1997 and 1998, we collected blood samples from nesting adult female common eiders (Somateria mollissima) at five locations in the Baltic Sea near coastal Finland and analyzed them for lead, selenium, mercury, and arsenic. Eggs were collected from three locations in 1997 for analysis of selenium, mercury, arsenic, and 17 organochlorines (OCs). Mean blood lead concentrations varied by location and year and ranged from 0.02 ppm (residues in blood on wet weight basis) to 0.12 ppm, although one bird had 14.2 ppm lead in its blood. Lead residues in the blood of eiders were positively correlated with the stage of incubation, and lead inhibited the activity of the enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in the blood. Selenium concentrations in eider blood varied by location, with means of 1.26 to 2.86 ppm. Median residues of selenium and mercury in eider eggs were 0.55 and 0.10 ppm (residues in eggs on fresh weight basis), respectively, and concentrations of both selenium and mercury in eggs were correlated with those in blood. Median concentrations of p,pa??-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in eggs ranged from 13.1 to 29.6 ppb, but all other OCs were below detection limits. The residues of contaminants that we found in eggs were below concentrations generally considered to affect avian reproduction. The negative correlation of ALAD activity with blood lead concentrations is evidence of an adverse physiological effect of lead exposure in this population.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620190517","usgsCitation":"Franson, J., Hollmen, T.E., Poppenga, R.H., Hario, M., Kilpi, M., and Smith, M.R., 2000, Selected trace elements and organochlorines: some findings in blood and eggs of nesting common eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima</i>) from Finland: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 5, p. 1340-1347, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190517.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1340","endPage":"1347","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Finland","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Areas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              19.193115234375,\n              60.694695372877476\n            ],\n            [\n              19.05029296875,\n              60.163376056487756\n            ],\n            [\n              19.808349609375,\n              59.512029386502704\n            ],\n            [\n              20.401611328125,\n              59.4115481664237\n            ],\n            [\n              22.2802734375,\n              59.428315784042574\n            ],\n            [\n              25.015869140625,\n              59.866883195210214\n            ],\n            [\n              26.279296875,\n              59.938504253195234\n            ],\n            [\n              27.235107421875,\n              60.19069475310575\n            ],\n            [\n              27.828369140625,\n              60.57077706621161\n            ],\n            [\n              27.652587890624996,\n              60.70544838111038\n            ],\n            [\n              25.64208984375,\n              60.5923622983958\n            ],\n            [\n              24.67529296875,\n              60.364997026770475\n            ],\n            [\n              23.126220703125,\n              60.32150850738404\n            ],\n            [\n              22.25830078125,\n              60.6301017662667\n            ],\n            [\n              22.071533203125,\n              60.8663124746226\n            ],\n            [\n              21.807861328125,\n              61.090168316050516\n            ],\n            [\n              19.193115234375,\n              60.694695372877476\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e4249","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. 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,{"id":70023100,"text":"70023100 - 2000 - Sedimentary petrology of a declining reef ecosystem, Florida reef tract (U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70023100","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary petrology of a declining reef ecosystem, Florida reef tract (U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"Petrologic evaluation of biogenic sediments collected shelf-wide along the Florida reef tract in 1989 revealed three principal components: coral, the calcareous green alga Halimeda, and mollusc. The dominant grain was dependent in part upon local morphology that controlled composition and vitality of the biota. Either Halimeda or mollusc grains prevailed in sands off the upper Keys. In the middle and lower Keys, Halimeda grains prevailed nearshore and coral grains offshore. Comparison with similar analyses of samples collected in 1952 and 1963 indicates that, over 37 years, the relative abundance of molluscan grains more than doubled in the upper Keys and that of particulate coral tripled in the middle Keys. These changes can be interpreted in the context of physical and biological events that affected Florida Keys reefs over that period of time. In the 1970s, outbreaks of extremely cold water killed even representatives of the hardiest coral species. In the 1980s, black-band and white-band diseases decimated the major reef-building acroporid corals, and the pivotal herbivore, Diadema antillarum, disappeared. Although Diadema is a major coral bioeroder, the sea urchin is also essential to healthy reef growth. The increase in coral debris in the middle Keys may be related to Hurricane Donna in 1960, but it is also consistent with the prediction of accelerated bioerosion by boring organisms in response to increased plankton productivity. Plankton productivity is stimulated by nutrients from Florida Bay and by well-documented eutrophication of nearshore environments. In the upper Keys, where reefs are somewhat removed from bay and nearshore influence, a relative decrease in coral debris over the 37 years may reflect proliferation of algae and algae-grazing molluscs as well as suppressed rates of bioerosion in the absence of Diadema. Human activities have substantially increased the natural flux of fixed nitrogen to coastal systems worldwide. Waters in the Florida Keys are no exception. Spatial and temporal trends in sediment constituents are compared to a previously published model that predicts the response of benthic biota to changes in nutrient supply. As adapted to interpret changes observed in reef-tract sediments, the model provides insights into the natural nutrient gradient along the Florida reef tract.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., and Hallock, P., 2000, Sedimentary petrology of a declining reef ecosystem, Florida reef tract (U.S.A.): Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 675-697.","startPage":"675","endPage":"697","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a2ce4b08c986b31708b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallock, P.","contributorId":91263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallock","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023195,"text":"70023195 - 2000 - Geochemical variations in Peoria Loess of western Iowa indicate paleowinds of midcontinental North America during last glaciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023195","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical variations in Peoria Loess of western Iowa indicate paleowinds of midcontinental North America during last glaciation","docAbstract":"Peoria Loess deposited in western Iowa during the last glacial maximum (LGM) shows distinct geochemical and particle-size variations as a function of both depth and distance east of the Missouri River. Geochemical and particle-size data indicate that Peoria Loess in western Iowa probably had two sources: the Missouri River valley, and a source that lay to the west of the Missouri River. Both sources indicate that LGM paleowinds in western Iowa had a strong westerly component, similar to interpretations of previous workers. A compilation of loess studies in Iowa and elsewhere indicates that westerly winds were dominant during loess transport over much of the midcontinent south of the Laurentide ice sheet, which is not in agreement with paleowinds simulated by atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). AGCMs consistently generate a glacial anticyclone with easterly or northeasterly winds over the Laurentide ice sheet and the area to the south of it. Loess deposition in the midcontinent during the LGM may be a function of infrequent northwesterly winds that were unrelated to the presence of the glacial anticyclone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1999.2090","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., and Bettis, E., 2000, Geochemical variations in Peoria Loess of western Iowa indicate paleowinds of midcontinental North America during last glaciation: Quaternary Research, v. 53, no. 1, p. 49-61, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2090.","startPage":"49","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208280,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2090"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16c6e4b0c8380cd55262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023200,"text":"70023200 - 2000 - Progression and severity of gas bubble trauma in juvenile salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T16:12:02","indexId":"70023200","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progression and severity of gas bubble trauma in juvenile salmonids","docAbstract":"<p>We conducted laboratory experiments to assess the progression and to quantify the severity of signs of gas bubble trauma (GBT) in juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to different levels of total dissolved gas (TDG), and we attempted to relate these signs to the likelihood of mortality. When fish were exposed to 110% TDG for up to 22 d, no fish died, and there were few signs of GBT in the lateral line or gills. Bubbles in the fins, however, were relatively common, and they progressively worsened over the experimental period. When fish were exposed to 120% TDG for up to 140 h, chinook salmon had an LT20 (time necessary to kill 20% of the fish) ranging from 40 to 120 h, whereas steelhead had LT20s ranging from 20 to 35 h. In steelhead, bubbles in the lateral line, fins, and gills displayed poor trends of worsening over time, showed substantial interindividual variability, and were poorly related to mortality. In chinook salmon, only bubbles in the lateral line showed a distinct worsening over time, and the severity of bubbles in the lateral line was highly correlated with mortality. When fish were exposed to 130% TDG for up to 11 h, LT20s for chinook salmon ranged from 3 to 6 h, whereas those for steelhead ranged from 5 to 7 h. In chinook salmon, bubbles in the lateral line and fins, but not those in the gills, showed distinct trends of worsening over time. In steelhead, bubbles in the lateral line displayed the most significant trend of progressive severity. In both species at 130% TDG, the severity of all GBT signs was highly correlated with mortality. The progressive nature of GBT and the methods we developed to examine fish for GBT may be useful for monitoring programs that aim to assess the severity of dissolved gas supersaturation exposures experienced by fish in the wild. However, the efficacy of such programs seems substantially hindered by problems associated with (1) the variable persistence of GBT signs; (2) the inconsistent relation of GBT signs to mortality; (3) the insufficient knowledge of the relation between exposure history and GBT sign development for fish in the wild; and (4) an extreme amount of interindividual variation in terms of susceptibility to GBT.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0174:PASOGB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M., Weiland, L., and Maule, A., 2000, Progression and severity of gas bubble trauma in juvenile salmonids: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 1, p. 174-185, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0174:PASOGB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"185","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8edfe4b0c8380cd7f434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, M.G.","contributorId":17386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiland, L.K.","contributorId":37493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiland","given":"L.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}