{"pageNumber":"3255","pageRowStart":"81350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70022702,"text":"70022702 - 2000 - Turbidite megabeds in an Oceanic Rift Valley recording jokulhlaups of late Pleistocene glacial lakes of the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022702","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbidite megabeds in an Oceanic Rift Valley recording jokulhlaups of late Pleistocene glacial lakes of the western United States","docAbstract":"Escanaba Trough is the southernmost segment of the Gorda Ridge and is filled by sandy turbidites locally exceeding 500 m in thickness. New results from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 1037 and 1038 that include accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates and revised petrographic evaluation of the sediment provenance, combined with high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, provide a lithostratigraphic framework for the turbidite deposits. Three fining-upward units of sandy turbidites from the upper 365 m at ODP Site 1037 can be correlated with sediment recovered at ODP Site 1038 and Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) Site 35. Six AMS 14C ages in the upper 317 m of the sequence at Site 1037 indicate that average deposition rates exceeded 10 m/k.yr. between 32 and 11 ka, with nearly instantaneous deposition of one ~60-m interval of sand. Petrography of the sand beds is consistent with a Columbia River source for the entire sedimentary sequence in Escanaba Trough. High-resolution acoustic stratigraphy shows that the turbidites in the upper 60 m at Site 1037 provide a characteristic sequence of key reflectors that occurs across the floor of the entire Escanaba Trough. Recent mapping of turbidite systems in the northeast Pacific Ocean suggests that the turbidity currents reached the Escanaba Trough along an 1100-km-long pathway from the Columbia River to the west flank of the Gorda Ridge. The age of the upper fining-upward unit of sandy turbidites appears to correspond to the latest Wisconsinan outburst of glacial Lake Missoula. Many of the outbursts, or jokulhlaups, from the glacial lakes probably continued flowing as hyperpycnally generated turbidity currents on entering the sea at the mouth of the Columbia River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/314404","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Zuffa, G., Normark, W.R., Serra, F., and Brunner, C., 2000, Turbidite megabeds in an Oceanic Rift Valley recording jokulhlaups of late Pleistocene glacial lakes of the western United States: Journal of Geology, v. 108, no. 3, p. 253-274, https://doi.org/10.1086/314404.","startPage":"253","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208147,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/314404"}],"volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8ebe4b08c986b327b1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuffa, G.G.","contributorId":40353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuffa","given":"G.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Serra, F.","contributorId":22520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serra","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brunner, C.A.","contributorId":58642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunner","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1001719,"text":"1001719 - 2000 - Leadership in wolf, Canis lupus, packs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-21T10:59:41","indexId":"1001719","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leadership in wolf, Canis lupus, packs","docAbstract":"I examine leadership in Wolf (Canis lupus) packs based on published observations and data gathered during summers from 1986 to 1998 studying a free-ranging pack of Wolves on Ellesmere Island that were habituated to my presence. The breeding male tended to initiate activities associated with foraging and travel, and the breeding female to initiate, and predominate in, pup care and protection. However, there was considerable overlap and interaction during these activities such that leadership could be considered a joint function. In packs with multiple breeders, quantitative information about leadership is needed.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., 2000, Leadership in wolf, Canis lupus, packs: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 114, no. 2, p. 259-263.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"263","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a861f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022839,"text":"70022839 - 2000 - An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T05:45:36","indexId":"70022839","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>Daily-to-weekly discharge during the snowmelt season is highly correlated among river basins in the upper elevations of the central and southern Sierra Nevada (Carson, Walker, Tuolumne, Merced, San Joaquin, Kings, and Kern Rivers). In many cases, the upper Sierra Nevada watershed operates in a single mode (with varying catchment amplitudes). In some years, with appropriate lags, this mode extends to distant mountains. A reason for this coherence is the broad scale nature of synoptic features in atmospheric circulation, which provide anomalous insolation and temperature forcings that span a large region, sometimes the entire western U.S. These correlations may fall off dramatically, however, in dry years when the snowpack is spatially patchy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04278.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.H., Smith, R.E., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., and Riddle, L., 2000, An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 2, p. 421-432, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04278.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"432","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaa6e4b0c8380cd489c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. E.","contributorId":76366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riddle, L.","contributorId":47550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1001858,"text":"1001858 - 2000 - Wolf-bison interactions in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:32:47","indexId":"1001858","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wolf-bison interactions in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied interactions of reintroduced wolves (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>) with bison (</span><i>Bison bison</i><span>) in Yellowstone National Park. Only 2 of 41 wolves in this study had been exposed to bison before their translocation. Wolves were more successful killing elk (</span><i>Cervus elaphus</i><span>) than bison, and elk were more abundant than bison, so elk were the primary prey of wolves. Except for a lone emaciated bison calf killed by 8 1-year-old wolves 21 days after their release, the 1st documented kill occurred 25 months after wolves were released. Fourteen bison kills were documented from April 1995 through March 1999. All kills were made in late winter when bison were vulnerable because of poor condition or of bison that were injured or young. Wolves learned to kill bison and killed more bison where elk were absent or scarce. We predict that wolves that have learned to kill bison will kill them more regularly, at least in spring. The results of this study indicate how adaptable wolves are at killing prey species new to them.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<1128:WBIIYN>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.W., Mech, L.D., Meagher, M., Clark, W.E., Jaffe, R., Phillips, M., and Mack, J., 2000, Wolf-bison interactions in Yellowstone National Park: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 81, no. 4, p. 1128-1135, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<1128:WBIIYN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1128","endPage":"1135","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e132b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Douglas W.","contributorId":95727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meagher, Mary","contributorId":50454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meagher","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Wendy E.","contributorId":149969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaffe, Rosemary","contributorId":16295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Rosemary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Phillips, Michael K.","contributorId":77475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Michael K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mack, John A.","contributorId":102818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1002590,"text":"1002590 - 2000 - A method for measuring vertical accretion, elevation, and compaction of soft, shallow-water sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T12:41:20","indexId":"1002590","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for measuring vertical accretion, elevation, and compaction of soft, shallow-water sediments","docAbstract":"High-resolution measures of vertical accretion, elevation, and compaction of shallow-water sediments are fundamental to understanding the processes that control elevation change and the mechanisms of progradation (e.g., development of mudflats and intertidal wetlands) in coastal systems. Yet, measurements of elevation by traditional survey methods often are of low accuracy because of the compressible nature of the substrates. Nor do they provide measures of vertical accretion or sediment compaction. This paper evaluates the use in shallow-water systems of an approach designed to measure these variables in vegetated wetlands. The approach employs simultaneous measures of elevation from temporary benchmarks using a sedimentation-erosion table (SET) and vertical accretion from marker horizons with sediment cores collected with a cryogenic coring apparatus. The measures are made with a level of resolution sufficient to distinguish between the influence of surface and subsurface processes on elevation, thus providing quantitative estimates of shallow subsidence. The SET-marker horizon approach was evaluated on a developing splay created by an artificial crevasse of a distributary in the Mississippi River delta. The approach provided high-resolution measures of vertical accretion (48.3 ' 2.0 cm.) and elevation (36.7 ' 1.6 cm) over a 4-year period, with the difference between the two indicating the amount of shallow subsidence. In addition, by laying new marker horizons in later years, the approach provided rates not only of shallow subsidence (3.9 ' 0.5 cm y-1) but also compaction of newly deposited seiments (2.1 ' 0.6 cm y-1) and compaction of underlying sediments (1.8 ' 2.0 cm y-1 ) over a two-year period. Hence, the SET-marker horizon approach has widespread applicability in both emergent wetland and shallow water environments for providing high resolution measures of the processes controlling elevation change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/020800701250","usgsCitation":"Cahoon, D.R., Marin, P., Black, B., and Lynch, J., 2000, A method for measuring vertical accretion, elevation, and compaction of soft, shallow-water sediments: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 70, no. 5, p. 1250-1253, https://doi.org/10.1306/020800701250.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1250","endPage":"1253","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15424,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/020800701250","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7009.000000000000000"}],"volume":"70","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae0cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marin, P.E.","contributorId":93449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marin","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Black, B.K.","contributorId":12009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lynch, J.C.","contributorId":25104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1002589,"text":"1002589 - 2000 - A flow cytometric approach to the study of crustacean cellular immunity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:48","indexId":"1002589","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2361,"text":"Journal of Invertebrate Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A flow cytometric approach to the study of crustacean cellular immunity","docAbstract":"Responses of hemocytes from the crayfish Procambarus zonangulus to stimulation by fungal cell walls (Zymosan A) were measured by flow cytometry. Changes in hemocyte physical characteristics were assessed flow cytometrically using forward- and sidescatter light parameters, and viability was measured by two-color fluorescent staining with calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer 1. The main effects of zymosan A on crayfish hemocytes were reduction in cell size and viability compared to control mixtures (hemocytes in buffer only). Adding diethyldithiocarbamic acid, an inhibitor of phenoloxidase, to hemocyte to zymosan mixtures delayed the time course of cell size reduction and cell death compared to zymosan-positive controls. The inclusion of trypsin inhibitor in reaction mixtures further delayed the reduction in hemocyte size and cell death, thereby indicating that a proteolytic cascade, along with prophenoloxidase activation, played a key role in generating signal molecules which mediate these cellular responses. In addition to traditional methods such as microscopy and protein chemistry, flow cytometry can provide a simple, reproducible, and sensitve method for evaluating invertebrate hemocyte responses to immunological stimuli.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Invertebrate Pathology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jipa.2000.4960","usgsCitation":"Cardenas, W., Jenkins, J., and Dankert, J., 2000, A flow cytometric approach to the study of crustacean cellular immunity: Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v. 76, no. 2, p. 112-119, https://doi.org/10.1006/jipa.2000.4960.","productDescription":"p. 112-119","startPage":"112","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15639,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jipa.2000.4960","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7013.000000000000000"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cardenas, W.","contributorId":81863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardenas","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, J.A. 0000-0002-5087-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":51703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dankert, J.R.","contributorId":16800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dankert","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022704,"text":"70022704 - 2000 - Rapid distribution of earthquake information for everybody","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-12T16:59:13.488906","indexId":"70022704","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid distribution of earthquake information for everybody","docAbstract":"<p>No matter who you are, seismologist or regular person on the street, when you feel the Earth move you want to know what's going on. Was it an earthquake? Where was the earthquake? How big was it? As a grad student, many moons ago, when the Earth moved, the Electronic Seismologist (ES) was known to immediately turn on the “AM/FM-Automatic-Earthquake-Locator.” Before the seismograms could be pulled off the photographic drums, developed, and read and an “official” hypocenter determined (using a large map and a piece of string to swing arcs), the radio would usually have reported a location. Individuals feeling the earthquake would have called radio and TV stations (not to mention the police, newspapers, and sometimes the seismograph station), reported feeling something, and described what it was like. Reporters taking these calls got pretty good at estimating roughly where the event was, and they sometimes came up with a fairly good estimate of the magnitude. This seat-of-the-pants radio-seismology is fast becoming a lost art. Reporters now race to their computers and point their Web browsers at the nearest seismic network where they can count on finding, within minutes, an automatic but “official” location and magnitude for the earthquake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.71.3.355","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Jones, A., Michael, A., Simpson, B., Jacob, S., and Oppenheimer, D., 2000, Rapid distribution of earthquake information for everybody: Seismological Research Letters, v. 71, no. 3, p. 355-358, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.71.3.355.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"358","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94d7e4b0c8380cd81656","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, A.","contributorId":18934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, A.","contributorId":56817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpson, B.","contributorId":58429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacob, S.","contributorId":50696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacob","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oppenheimer, D.","contributorId":66841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1001872,"text":"1001872 - 2000 - Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in northeastern Minnesota?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:32:47","indexId":"1001872","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in northeastern Minnesota?","docAbstract":"We used simple linear regression to analyze 8-23 years of data on a wolf (Canis lupus) population and human harvest of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) bucks in northeastern Minnesota to determine any effects of wolves on buck harvesting. Over the long term, wolves accounted for at least 14-22% of the inter-year variation in buck harvest in the region, but an unknown amount of variation in hunter effort may have obscured any more precise estimate. For part of the area with poorest habitat, we found strong inverse relationships (r2 = 0.66-0.84) between annual wolf numbers and buck harvests from 1988 to 1995 when hunting pressure was considered relatively constant. However, in better habitat, where our buck harvest sample was larger, we found no evidence of wolves influencing buck harvest. Our findings tend to confirm the suitability of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resource's deer harvest regulations for a sustainable yield.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802982","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., and Nelson, M.E., 2000, Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in northeastern Minnesota?: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 129-136, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802982.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d81f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Michael E.","contributorId":7397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022828,"text":"70022828 - 2000 - Post-Mazama (7 KA) faulting beneath Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-15T16:46:05.37948","indexId":"70022828","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-Mazama (7 KA) faulting beneath Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles (3.5 kHz) show that a distinctive, widespread reflection occurs in the sediments beneath Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. Coring reveals that this reflection is formed by Mazama tephra (MT), about 7 ka in age. The MT horizon is faulted in many places and locally displaced by as much as 3.1 m. Differential displacement of multiple horizons indicates recurrent fault movement, perhaps three episodes since deposition of the Mazama. The pattern of faulting indicates northeast-southwest extension beneath the lake basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0119990033","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Rosenbaum, J.G., Reynolds, R.L., and Sarna-Wojcicki, A., 2000, Post-Mazama (7 KA) faulting beneath Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 1, p. 243-247, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990033.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"247","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n  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G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022922,"text":"70022922 - 2000 - Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin:  Amissions, deposition and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T07:44:04","indexId":"70022922","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin:  Amissions, deposition and transport","docAbstract":"<p>Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen has been cited as a major factor in the nitrogen saturation of forests in the north-eastern United States and as a contributor to the eutrophication of coastal waters, including the Gulf of Mexico near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Sources of nitrogen emissions and the resulting spatial patterns of nitrogen deposition within the Mississippi River Basin, however, have not been fully documented. An assessment of atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin was therefore conducted in 1998-1999 to: (1) evaluate the forms in which nitrogen is deposited from the atmosphere; (2) quantify the spatial distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition throughout the basin; and (3) relate locations of emission sources to spatial deposition patterns to evaluate atmospheric transport. Deposition data collected through the NADP/NTN (National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network) and CASTNet (Clean Air Status and Trends Network) were used for this analysis. NO(x) Tier 1 emission data by county was obtained for 1992 from the US Environmental Protection Agency (Emissions Trends Viewer CD, 1985-1995, version 1.0, September 1996) and NH3 emissions data was derived from the 1992 Census of Agriculture (US Department of Commerce. Census of Agriculture, US Summary and County Level Data, US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Geographic Area series, 1995:1b) or the National Agricultural Statistics Service (US Department of Agriculture. National Agricultural Statistics Service Historical Data. Accessed 7/98 at URL, 1998. http://www.usda.gov/nass/pubs/hisdata.htm). The highest rates of wet deposition of NO3- were in the north-eastern part of the basin, downwind of electric utility plants and urban areas, whereas the highest rates of wet deposition of NH4+ were in Iowa, near the center of intensive agricultural activities in the Midwest. The lowest rates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition were on the western (windward) side of the basin, which suggests that most of the nitrogen deposited within the basin is derived from internal sources. Atmospheric transport eastward across the basin boundary is greater for NO3- than NH4+, but a significant amount of NH4+ is likely to be transported out of the basin through the formation of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 particles - a process that greatly increases the atmospheric residence time of NH4+. This process is also a likely factor in the atmospheric transport of nitrogen from the Midwest to upland forest regions in the North-East, such as the western Adirondack region of New York, where NH4+ constitutes 38% of the total wet deposition of N.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00533-1","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W., and Stensland, G., 2000, Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin:  Amissions, deposition and transport: Science of Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 87-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00533-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208185,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00533-1"}],"volume":"248","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec4e4b0c8380cd49f3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stensland, G.J.","contributorId":62096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stensland","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022861,"text":"70022861 - 2000 - Sedimentary and upper crustal structure of Australia from receiver functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70022861","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":941,"text":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary and upper crustal structure of Australia from receiver functions","docAbstract":"The initial coda of teleseismic P-waves contains considerable information about the crust and upper mantle structure directly beneath a receiver. When this information can be recovered for a dense network of seismographs much can be learned about the structure of the earth. Data from the high quality broadband seismic stations of the SKIPPY and KIMBA projects along with permanent stations are used to investigate the upper crustal structure of Australia. A dataset of 65 shear-velocity models derived from receiver functions has enabled the sedimentary and upper crustal structure of Australia to be summarised. Regions of thick soft sediment show good agreement with topographical lows. A simple relation between upper-crustal velocity and magnetisation, as has been suggested by other investigators, has not been observed, but this may be due to the magnetic signal being muted by overlying sediments. A prominent mid-crustal discontinuity is apparent in the Tasman and New England mega-elements. This may represent a mid-crustal decollement that had structural control during accretion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1440-0952.2000.00774.x","issn":"08120099","usgsCitation":"Clitheroe, G., Gudmundsson, O., and Kennett, B., 2000, Sedimentary and upper crustal structure of Australia from receiver functions: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 47, no. 2, p. 209-216, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2000.00774.x.","startPage":"209","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208249,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2000.00774.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a12e4b08c986b316ffc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clitheroe, G.","contributorId":72553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clitheroe","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gudmundsson, O.","contributorId":7867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gudmundsson","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennett, B.L.N.","contributorId":98066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"B.L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001856,"text":"1001856 - 2000 - Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:01:26","indexId":"1001856","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"We examined the relationship between local water conditions (measured as the percent of total area of basins that was covered by water) and clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Gadwalls (A. strepera) on four study sites in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1988-1994. We also examined the relationship between pond density and clutch size of Mallards and Gadwalls, using data collected at another North Dakota site, 1966-1981. For Mallards, we found no relationships to be significant. For Gadwalls, clutch size increased with percent basin area wet and pond density; hatchling mass marginally increased with percent basin area wet. These species differences may reflect, in part, that Mallards acquire lipid reserves used to produce early clutches before they reach the breeding grounds, whereas Gadwalls acquire lipid reserves locally; thus Gadwall clutches are more likely to be influenced by local food resources.","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0936:EOWCOC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., Krapu, G.L., Buhl, D.A., and Brandt, D.A., 2000, Effects of water conditions on clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of mallards and gadwalls in the Prairie Pothole Region: Condor, v. 102, p. 936-940, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0936:EOWCOC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"936","endPage":"940","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0936:eowcoc]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ff7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. ppietz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela J.","email":"ppietz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L. 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":3074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, Deborah A. 0000-0002-8563-5990 dbuhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":3182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Deborah","email":"dbuhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brandt, David A. dbrandt@usgs.gov","contributorId":147142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"David","email":"dbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022809,"text":"70022809 - 2000 - Dilational processes accompanying earthquakes in the Long Valley Caldera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022809","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dilational processes accompanying earthquakes in the Long Valley Caldera","docAbstract":"Regional distance seismic moment tensor determinations and broadband waveforms of moment magnitude 4.6 to 4.9 earthquakes from a November 1997 Long Valley Caldera swarm, during an inflation episode, display evidence of anomalous seismic radiation characterized by non-double couple (NDC) moment tensors with significant volumetric components. Observed coseismic dilation suggests that hydrothermal or magmatic processes are directly triggering some of the seismicity in the region. Similarity in the NDC solutions implies a common source process, and the anomalous events may have been triggered by net fault-normal stress reduction due to high-pressure fluid injection or pressurization of fluid-saturated faults due to magmatic heating.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.288.5463.122","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Dreger, D.S., Tkalcic, H., and Johnston, M., 2000, Dilational processes accompanying earthquakes in the Long Valley Caldera: Science, v. 288, no. 5463, p. 122-125, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5463.122.","startPage":"122","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208166,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5463.122"}],"volume":"288","issue":"5463","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a019ee4b0c8380cd4fc97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dreger, Douglas S.","contributorId":17404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreger","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tkalcic, Hrvoje","contributorId":70569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tkalcic","given":"Hrvoje","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, M.","contributorId":88091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022659,"text":"70022659 - 2000 - Landscape correlates of breeding bird richness across the United States mid-Atlantic region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T12:36:57","indexId":"70022659","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landscape correlates of breeding bird richness across the United States mid-Atlantic region","docAbstract":"Using a new set of landscape indicator data generated by the U.S.EPA, and a comprehensive breeding bird database from the National Breeding Bird Survey, we evaluated associations between breeding bird richness and landscape characteristics across the entire mid-Atlantic region of the United States. We evaluated how these relationships varied among different groupings (guilds) of birds based on functional, structural, and compositional aspects of individual species demographics. Forest edge was by far the most important landscape attribute affecting the richness of the lumped specialist and generalist guilds; specialist species richness was negatively associated with forest edge and generalist richness was positively associated with forest edge. Landscape variables (indicators) explained a greater proportion of specialist species richness than the generalist guild (46% and 31%, respectively). The lower value in generalists may reflect freer-scale distributions of open habitat that go undetected by the Landsat satellite, open habitats created by roads (the areas from which breeding bird data are obtained), and the lumping of a wide variety of species into the generalist category. A further breakdown of species into 16 guilds showed considerable variation in the response of breeding birds to landscape conditions; forest obligate species had the strongest association with landscape indicators measured in this study (55% of the total variation explained) and forest generalists and open ground nesters the lowest (17% of the total variation explained). The variable response of guild species richness to landscape pattern suggests that one must consider species' demographics when assessing the consequences of landscape change on breeding birds.Using a new set of landscape indicator data generated by the U.S. EPA, and a comprehensive breeding bird database from the National Breeding Bird Survey, we evaluated associations between breeding bird richness and landscape characteristics across the entire mid-Atlantic region of the United States. We evaluated how these relationships varied among different groupings (guilds) of birds based on functional, structural, and compositional aspects of individual species demographics. Forest edge was by far the most important landscape attribute affecting the richness of the lumped specialist and generalist guilds; specialist species richness was negatively associated with forest edge and generalist richness was positively associated with forest edge. Landscape variables (indicators) explained a greater proportion of specialist species richness than the generalist guild (46% and 31%, respectively). The lower value in generalists may reflect finer-scale distributions of open habitat that go undetected by the Landsat satellite, open habitats created by roads (the areas from which breeding bird data are obtained), and the lumping of a wide variety of species into the generalist category. A further breakdown of species into 16 guilds showed considerable variation in the response of breeding birds to landscape conditions; forest obligate species had the strongest association with landscape indicators measured in this study (55% of the total variation explained) and forest generalists and open ground nesters the lowest (17% of the total variation explained). The variable response of guild species richness to landscape pattern suggests that one must consider species' demographics when assessing the consequences of landscape change on breeding birds.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","conferenceTitle":"1st Symposium on the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment Program (MAIA)","conferenceDate":"30 November 1998 through 2 December 1998","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1006415029890","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.B., Anne Neale, Maliha, N., Riitters, K.H., Wickham, J.D., O’Neill, R.V., and van Remortel, R.D., 2000, Landscape correlates of breeding bird richness across the United States mid-Atlantic region, <i>in</i> Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 63, no. 1, Baltimore, MD, USA, 30 November 1998 through 2 December 1998, p. 159-174, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006415029890.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"174","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a440ae4b0c8380cd667da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, K. Bruce","contributorId":66105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anne Neale","contributorId":206078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anne Neale","affiliations":[{"id":37230,"text":"EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":394407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maliha, Nash","contributorId":178110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maliha","given":"Nash","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riitters, Kurt H. 0000-0003-3901-4453","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-4453","contributorId":139788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riitters","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":394409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wickham, James D.","contributorId":72278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":394408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Neill, Robert V.","contributorId":138509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Neill","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":394413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"van Remortel, Rick D.","contributorId":58911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Remortel","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36579,"text":"Lockheed Martin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":394412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022738,"text":"70022738 - 2000 - Historical forest patterns of Oregon's central Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022738","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical forest patterns of Oregon's central Coast Range","docAbstract":"To describe the composition and pattern of unmanaged forestland in Oregon's central Coast Range, we analyzed forest conditions from a random sample of 18 prelogging (1949 and earlier) landscapes. We also compared the amount and variability of old forest (conifer-dominated stands > 53 cm dbh) in the prelogging landscapes with that in the current landscapes. Sixty-three percent of the prelogging landscape comprised old forest, approximately 21% of which also had a significant (> 20% cover) hardwood component. The proportions of forest types across the 18 prelogging landscapes varied greatly for both early seral stages (cv = 81194) and hardwoods (cv = 127) and moderately for old forest (cv = 39). With increasing distance from streams, the amount of hardwoods and nonforest decreased, whereas the amount of seedling/sapling/pole and young conifers increased. The amount of old forest was significantly greater (p < 0.002) in prelogging forests than in current landscapes. Old-forest patterns also differed significantly (p < 0.015) between prelogging and current landscapes; patch density, coefficient of variation of patch size, edge density, and fragmentation were greater in current landscapes and mean patch size, largest patch size, and core habitat were greater in prelogging forests. Generally, old-forest landscape pattern variables showed a greater range in prelogging landscapes than in current landscapes. Management strategies designed to increase the amount of old forest and the range in landscape patterns would result in a landscape more closely resembling that found prior to intensive logging. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00034-8","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Ripple, W.J., Hershey, K., and Anthony, R., 2000, Historical forest patterns of Oregon's central Coast Range: Biological Conservation, v. 93, no. 1, p. 127-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00034-8.","startPage":"127","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208163,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00034-8"},{"id":233675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3190e4b0c8380cd5e016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ripple, W. J.","contributorId":36333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripple","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hershey, K.T.","contributorId":44709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershey","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022808,"text":"70022808 - 2000 - Dust and Ice Deposition in the Martian Geologic Record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022808","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dust and Ice Deposition in the Martian Geologic Record","docAbstract":"The polar layered deposits of Mars demonstrate that thick accumulations of dust and ice deposits can develop on the planet if environmental conditions are favorable. These deposits appear to be hundreds of millions of years old, and other deposits of similar size but of greater age in nonpolar regions may have formed by similar processes. Possible relict dust deposits include, from oldest to youngest: Noachian intercrater materials, including Arabia mantle deposits, Noachian to Early Hesperian south polar pitted deposits, Early Hesperian Hellas and Argyre basin deposits, Late Hesperian Electris deposits, and the Amazonian Medusae Fossae Formation. These deposits typically are hundreds of meters to a couple kilometers thick and cover upward of a million or more square kilometers. The apparent persistence of dust sedimentation at the south pole back to the Early Hesperian or earlier and the early growth of Tharsis during the Late Noachian and perhaps earlier indicates that extensive polar wandering is unlikely following the Middle Noachian. A scenario for the overall history of dust and perhaps ice deposition on Mars includes widespread, voluminous accumulations perhaps planetwide during the Noachian as impacts, volcanism, and surface processes generated large amounts of dust; the Arabia deposits may have formed as ice availability and dust accumulation waned. During the Early Hesperian, thick dust sedimentation became restricted to the south pole and the deep Hellas and Argyre basins; the north polar sedimentary record prior to the Amazonian is largely obscured. Deposits at Electris and Medusae Fossae may have resulted from local sources of fine-grained material - perhaps volcanic eruptions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.1999.6297","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., 2000, Dust and Ice Deposition in the Martian Geologic Record: Icarus, v. 144, no. 2, p. 254-266, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6297.","startPage":"254","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208165,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6297"}],"volume":"144","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a041be4b0c8380cd507b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022784,"text":"70022784 - 2000 - Middle- and late-Wisconsin paleobotanic and paleoclimatic records from the southern Colorado Plateau, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70022784","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Middle- and late-Wisconsin paleobotanic and paleoclimatic records from the southern Colorado Plateau, USA","docAbstract":"The Colorado Plateau is a distinct physiographic province in western North America, which presently straddles the transition between summer-wet and summer-dry climatic regimes to the south and northwest, respectively. In addition to climate, the diversity of environments and plant communities on the Colorado Plateau has resulted from extreme topographic diversity. Desert lowlands as low as 360 m elevation are surrounded by forested plateaus, and even higher peaks greater than 3800 m elevation. This environmental diversity provides a unique opportunity to study the history of biotic communities in an arid region of North America. Although the Colorado Plateau harbours numerous potential sites, the paleoecological record of the Plateau is poorly known. Potential deposits for analysis include packrat middens, alluvial and cave sites at lower elevations, and lake, bog and wetland sites at higher elevations. Forty-six sites have been analysed across the nearly 337,000 km2 region, of which 27 contain records that span Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (IS) 2 data, with IS 3 information coming from only 12 sites. Most IS 2 and 3 sites are clustered along the lowland regions of the Colorado River corridor and the uplands of the Mogollon Rim area. We compiled selected data from long paleoecological records to examine patterns of vegetation and climate change across the southern Colorado Plateau for the middle and late Wisconsin. During the middle Wisconsin, mixed conifers covered middle-elevations presently dominated by ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and juniper (Juniperus) woodland grew at elevations today covered by blackbrush (Coleogyne) and sagebrush (Artemisia) desert. During the late Wisconsin, boreal conifers, primarily Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), replaced the mixed conifer association. Estimates of mean annual temperatures (MAT) during IS 3 were at least 3-4??C cooler than today, whereas IS 2 MAT estimates are at least 5??C colder. Our investigation of millennial-scale climatic variability within the region provided equivocal results. The packrat midden sequence could not distinguish vegetation changes that might be associated with Heinrich events in the North Atlantic. From the lake records, however, many Heinrich events were associated with generally drier intervals, often with elevated sagebrush pollen concentrations. Future paleoecological investigations should concentrate on the northern Colorado Plateau, as well as the eastern and western margins. Additional sites, along with closer-spaced sampling in regions already studied, will be important in determining the history of important climatic phenomena such as the timing of the Arizona monsoon.","largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00093-0","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R., Betancourt, J., Mead, J., Hevly, R., and Adam, D., 2000, Middle- and late-Wisconsin paleobotanic and paleoclimatic records from the southern Colorado Plateau, USA, <i>in</i> Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 155, no. 1-2, p. 31-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00093-0.","startPage":"31","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208245,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00093-0"}],"volume":"155","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56eee4b0c8380cd6d912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":394893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mead, J.I.","contributorId":82828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mead","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hevly, R.H.","contributorId":27447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevly","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adam, D.P.","contributorId":14815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1001883,"text":"1001883 - 2000 - Assessing factors that may predispose Minnesota farms to wolf predation on cattle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:38:38","indexId":"1001883","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing factors that may predispose Minnesota farms to wolf predation on cattle","docAbstract":"Wolf (Canis lupus) depredations on livestock cause considerable conflict and expense in Minnesota. Furthermore, claims are made that such depredations are fostered by the type of animal husbandry practiced. Thus, we tried to detect factors that might predispose farms in Minnesota to wolf depredations. We compared results of interviews with 41 cattle farmers experiencing chronic cattle losses to wolves (chronic farms) with results from 41 nearby matched farms with no wolf losses to determine farm characteristics or husbandry practices that differed and that therefore might have affected wolf depredations. We also used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to detect any habitat differences between the 2 types of farms. We found no differences between chronic and matched farms in the 11 farm characteristics and management practices that we surveyed, except that farms with chronic losses were larger, had more cattle, and had herds farther from human dwellings. Habitat types were the same around farms with and without losses. The role of proper carcass disposal as a possible factor predisposing farms to wolf depredations remains unclear","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., Harper, E.K., Meier, T., and Paul, W., 2000, Assessing factors that may predispose Minnesota farms to wolf predation on cattle: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, no. 3, p. 623-629.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"629","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672af8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, E. K.","contributorId":19113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, T.J.","contributorId":66632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paul, W.J.","contributorId":60579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022785,"text":"70022785 - 2000 - Phreatophyte influence on reductive dechlorination in a shallow aquifer contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T17:38:56.246773","indexId":"70022785","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2064,"text":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phreatophyte influence on reductive dechlorination in a shallow aquifer contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE)","docAbstract":"Phytoremediation uses the natural ability of plants to degrade contaminants in groundwater. A field demonstration designed to remediate aerobic shallow groundwater contaminated with trichloroethene began in April 1996 with the planting of cottonwood trees, a short-rotation woody crop, over an approximately 0.2-ha area at the Naval Air Station, Fort Worth, Texas. The project was developed to demonstrate capture of contaminated groundwater and degradation of contaminants by phreatophytes. Analyses from samples of groundwater collected from July 1997 to June 1998 indicate that tree roots have the potential to create anaerobic conditions in the groundwater that will facilitate degradation of trichloroethene by microbially mediated reductive dechlorination. Organic matter from root exudates and decay of tree roots probably stimulate microbial activity, consuming dissolved oxygen. Dissolved oxygen concentrations, which varied across the site, were smallest near a mature cottonwood tree (about 20 years of age and 60 meters southwest of the cottonwood plantings) where degradation products of trichloroethene were measured. Oxidation of organic matter is the primary microbially mediated reaction occurring in the groundwater beneath the planted trees whereas near the mature cottonwood tree, data indicate that methanogenesis is the most probable reaction occurring. Reductive dechlorination in groundwater either is not occurring or is not a primary process away from the mature tree. Carbon-13 isotope values for trichloroethene are nearly identical at locations away from the mature tree, further confirming that dechlorination is not occurring at the site.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15226510009359032","issn":"15226514","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., Jones, S., Kuniansky, E., Harvey, G., Lollar, B., and Slater, G., 2000, Phreatophyte influence on reductive dechlorination in a shallow aquifer contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE): International Journal of Phytoremediation, v. 2, no. 3, p. 193-211, https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510009359032.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"211","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Fort Worth","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Station","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.42366790771484,\n              32.7968528177566\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42306709289551,\n              32.79665440788395\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42246627807616,\n              32.7968708549958\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42203712463379,\n              32.79719552467562\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42165088653564,\n              32.797177487502296\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.4216079711914,\n              32.796798706017064\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42188692092896,\n              32.796329736228294\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42220878601074,\n              32.796005063387135\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.4223804473877,\n              32.795590201920454\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.4218440055847,\n              32.79459813404316\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42117881774901,\n              32.79458009634293\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42117881774901,\n              32.79513926334828\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42066383361816,\n              32.796221512079626\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41974115371704,\n              32.7968708549958\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41894721984863,\n              32.797033189983914\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41808891296387,\n              32.79733982193058\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41750955581665,\n              32.797303747638786\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41654396057127,\n              32.79737589620771\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41585731506348,\n              32.7968708549958\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41504192352295,\n              32.79690692946321\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41388320922852,\n              32.79743000759599\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41353988647461,\n              32.79791700860859\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41321802139282,\n              32.798133452646894\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41205930709839,\n              32.799233701694575\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41190910339355,\n              32.80401331408953\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.41853952407835,\n              32.80906319137108\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42100715637207,\n              32.80689899338195\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42613554000854,\n              32.80401331408953\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42486953735352,\n              32.80201131904122\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42416143417358,\n              32.79972069282769\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42409706115723,\n              32.79845811771635\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42375373840332,\n              32.797592341563245\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42366790771484,\n              32.7968528177566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a40e4b0c8380cd78dfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, S.A.","contributorId":38596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuniansky, E. L.","contributorId":82342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, G.","contributorId":91218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lollar, B.S.","contributorId":24532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lollar","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Slater, G.F.","contributorId":63997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022829,"text":"70022829 - 2000 - Multiple large earthquakes in the past 1500 years on a fault in metropolitan Manila, the Philippines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T18:53:19.35454","indexId":"70022829","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple large earthquakes in the past 1500 years on a fault in metropolitan Manila, the Philippines","docAbstract":"<p><span>The first&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C-based paleoseismic study of an active fault in the Philippines shows that a right-lateral fault on the northeast edge of metropolitan Manila poses a greater seismic hazard than previously thought. Faulted hillslope colluvium, stream-channel alluvium, and debris-flow deposits exposed in trenches across the northern part of the west Marikina Valley fault record two or three surface-faulting events. Three eroded, clay-rich soil B horizons suggest thousands of years between surface faulting events, whereas&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C ages on detrital charcoal constrain the entire stratigraphic sequence to the past 1300–1700 years. We rely on the&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C ages to infer faulting recurrence of hundreds rather than thousands of years. Minimal soil development and modern&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C ages from colluvium overlying a faulted debris-flow deposit in a nearby stream exposure point to a historic age for a probable third or fourth (most recent) faulting event.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0119990002","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A., Personius, S., Rimando, R., Punongbayan, R., Tungol, N., Mirabueno, H., and Rasdas, A., 2000, Multiple large earthquakes in the past 1500 years on a fault in metropolitan Manila, the Philippines: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 1, p. 73-85, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1235772","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Philippines","city":"Manila","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              120.498046875,\n              14.187174718895449\n            ],\n            [\n              121.2286376953125,\n              14.187174718895449\n            ],\n            [\n              121.2286376953125,\n              14.897013355599636\n            ],\n            [\n              120.498046875,\n              14.897013355599636\n            ],\n            [\n              120.498046875,\n              14.187174718895449\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a606ee4b0c8380cd71457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, A.R. 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":55078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Personius, S. F. 0000-0001-8347-7370","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7370","contributorId":31408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rimando, R.E.","contributorId":67695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rimando","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Punongbayan, R.S.","contributorId":89698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Punongbayan","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tungol, N.","contributorId":33494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tungol","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mirabueno, H.","contributorId":67258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirabueno","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rasdas, A.","contributorId":9038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasdas","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022830,"text":"70022830 - 2000 - Fish as vectors in the dispersal of Bythotrephes cederstroemi: Diapausing eggs survive passage through the gut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022830","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish as vectors in the dispersal of Bythotrephes cederstroemi: Diapausing eggs survive passage through the gut","docAbstract":"1. Bythotrephes cederstroemi (Crustacea: Onychopoda: Cercopagidae) is an introduced invertebrate predator currently spreading through the Laurentian Great Lakes region of North America. We examined a previously unsuspected way in which B. cederstroemi may be dispersed by fish by their consumption of diapausing eggs. 2. Ninety-four percentage of the mature B. cederstroemi diapausing eggs consumed by fish were egested apparently intact. This proportion is considerably above previous estimates for the ephippial eggs of Daphnia. The hatching success of diapausing eggs was compared among four categories: (a) eggs released naturally by B. cederstroemi (control, 73% hatched (b) eggs released during 'stressful confinement' (46% hatched) (c) eggs dissected from dead females (13% hatched) and (d) eggs recovered from faecal pellets following consumption by fish (viable gut passage experiment, 41% hatched). 3. Samples of small fish and B. cederstroemi were collected simultaneously. Examination of gut contents revealed that fish contained B. cederstroemi diapausing eggs and that B. cederstroemi bearing resting eggs were consumed selectively over those without eggs. Moreover, fish selected B. cederstroemi bearing mature rather than immature diapausing eggs. 4. The fact that diapausing eggs survive gut passage is important for the dispersal of B. cederstroemi. Fish often move between the pelagic and littoral zones of lakes and may thus disperse diapausing eggs widely. Fish may also move between lakes connected by river systems and can be caught and passively dispersed by anglers or piscivorous birds. Our results demonstrate the potential for fish to act as vectors in the spread of B. cederstroemi.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00547.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Jarnagin, S., Swan, B., and Kerfoot, W., 2000, Fish as vectors in the dispersal of Bythotrephes cederstroemi: Diapausing eggs survive passage through the gut: Freshwater Biology, v. 43, no. 4, p. 579-589, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00547.x.","startPage":"579","endPage":"589","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00547.x"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1079e4b0c8380cd53cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnagin, S.T.","contributorId":80465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnagin","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swan, B.K.","contributorId":71359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swan","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kerfoot, W.C.","contributorId":24122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerfoot","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022745,"text":"70022745 - 2000 - Fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging endangered 'Alala from Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T15:04:17","indexId":"70022745","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging endangered 'Alala from Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>The &lsquo;Alala (<i>Corvus hawaiiensis</i>) is the most endangered corvid in the world, and intensive efforts are being made to reintroduce it to its former native range in Hawaii. We diagnosed <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in five free-ranging &lsquo;Alala. One &lsquo;Alala, recaptured from the wild because it was underweight and depressed, was treated with diclazuril (10 mg/kg) orally for 10 days. Antibodies were measured before and after treatment by the modified agglutination test (MAT) using whole <i>T. gondii</i> tachyzoites fixed in formalin and mercaptoethanol. The MAT titer decreased four-fold from an initial titer of 1:1,600 with remarkable improvement in physical condition. Lesions of toxoplasmosis also were seen in two partially scavenged carcasses and in a third fresh intact carcass. <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> was confirmed immunohistochemically by using anti-<i>T. gondii</i> specific serum. The organism was also cultured by bioassay in mice from tissues of one of these birds and the brain of a fifth &lsquo;Alala that did not exhibit lesions. The life cycle of the parasite was experimentally completed in cats. This is the first record of toxoplasmosis in &lsquo;Alala, and the parasite appears to pose a significant threat and management challenge to reintroduction programs for &lsquo;Alala in Hawaii.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.205","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Massey, J.G., Rideout, B.A., Gardiner, C.H., Ledig, D.B., Kwok, O.C., and Dubey, J., 2000, Fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging endangered 'Alala from Hawaii: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 36, no. 2, p. 205-212, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.205.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.205","text":"Publisher Index 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C. H.","contributorId":83891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kwok","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dubey, J. P.","contributorId":80609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubey","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022844,"text":"70022844 - 2000 - Silurian K-bentonites of the Dnestr Basin, Podolia, Ukraine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T17:59:13.162682","indexId":"70022844","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Silurian K-bentonites of the Dnestr Basin, Podolia, Ukraine","docAbstract":"The Dnestr Basin of Podolia, Ukraine, is an epicratonic basin consisting of neritic carbonate and calcareous mudstone facies including a nearly complete Silurian sequence ranging from late Llandovery to late Pridoli in age. The Silurian section has served as a standard for regional and interregional studies as a consequence of its well-documented macro- and microfaunal assemblages. Approximately 24 mid- to Late Silurian K-bentonites are present in this succession, and their lateral persistence has aided in establishing regional correlations. The K-bentonites range from 1 to 40 cm in thickness and occur in the Bagovitsa (late Wenlock), Malinovtsy (Ludlow) and Skala (Pridoli) Formations. Discrimination diagrams based on immobile trace elements together with rare earth element data suggest the K-bentonites had a volcanic origin in a collision margin setting related to subduction. Thickness and stratigraphic distribution considerations are consistent with a source area in the Rheic Ocean.","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society","doi":"10.1144/jgs.157.2.493","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Huff, W., Bergstrom, S., and Kolata, D.R., 2000, Silurian K-bentonites of the Dnestr Basin, Podolia, Ukraine: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 157, no. 2, p. 493-504, https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs.157.2.493.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"504","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Unkraine","otherGeospatial":"Dnestr Basin, Podolia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              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W.D.","contributorId":48327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergstrom, Stig M.","contributorId":80832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstrom","given":"Stig M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolata, Dennis R.","contributorId":79495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolata","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022846,"text":"70022846 - 2000 - Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:42:50","indexId":"70022846","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Nebraska-Lincoln and the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy produced a 1 km resolution global land cover characteristics database for use in a wide range of continental-to global-scale environmental studies. This database provides a unique view of the broad patterns of the biogeographical and ecoclimatic diversity of the global land surface, and presents a detailed interpretation of the extent of human development. The project was carried out as an International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Data and Information Systems (IGBP-DIS) initiative. The IGBP DISCover global land cover product is an integral component of the global land cover database. DISCover includes 17 general land cover classes defined to meet the needs of IGBP core science projects. A formal accuracy assessment of the DISCover data layer will be completed in 1998. The 1 km global land cover database was developed through a continent-by-continent unsupervised classification of 1 km monthly Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composites covering 1992-1993. Extensive post-classification stratification was necessary to resolve spectral/temporal confusion between disparate land cover types. The complete global database consists of 961 seasonal land cover regions that capture patterns of land cover, seasonality and relative primary productivity. The seasonal land cover regions were aggregated to produce seven separate land cover data sets used for global environmental modelling and assessment. The data sets include IGBP DISCover, U.S. Geological Survey Anderson System, Simple Biosphere Model, Simple Biosphere Model 2, Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme, Olson Ecosystems and Running Global Remote Sensing Land Cover. The database also includes all digital sources that were used in the classification. The complete database can be sourced from the website: http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/landdaac/glcc/glcc.html.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/014311600210191","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T., Reed, B., Brown, J.F., Ohlen, D., Zhu, Z., Yang, L., and Merchant, J., 2000, Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 21, no. 6-7, p. 1303-1330, https://doi.org/10.1080/014311600210191.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1303","endPage":"1330","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286979,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014311600210191"},{"id":233645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a003ae4b0c8380cd4f655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, B. C. 0000-0002-1132-7178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":55594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ohlen, D.O.","contributorId":72371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Merchant, J.W.","contributorId":75694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merchant","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1001899,"text":"1001899 - 2000 - Details of extensive movements by Minnesota wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:42:44","indexId":"1001899","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Details of extensive movements by Minnesota wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used VHF, GPS and satellite radiocollars to study details of long distance movements by four Minnesota wolves (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>). Number of locations during our tracking ranged from 14 to 274. Farthest distances reached ranged from 183–494 km, and minimum distances traveled (sums of line segments) ranged from 490–4251 km. Numbers of times wolves crossed state, provincial or interstate highways ranged from 1 to 215. All four of the wolves returned to or near their natal territories after up to 179 d and at least two left again.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2000)144[0428:DOEMBM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Merrill, S.B., and Mech, L.D., 2000, Details of extensive movements by Minnesota wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>): American Midland Naturalist, v. 144, no. 2, p. 428-433, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2000)144[0428:DOEMBM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"428","endPage":"433","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eef3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merrill, Samuel B.","contributorId":174748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merrill","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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