{"pageNumber":"3256","pageRowStart":"81375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70022480,"text":"70022480 - 2000 - Geochemical effects of rapid sedimentation in aquatic systems: Minimal diagenesis and the preservation of historical metal signatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022480","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical effects of rapid sedimentation in aquatic systems: Minimal diagenesis and the preservation of historical metal signatures","docAbstract":"Rapid sedimentation exerts a pronounced influence on early sedimentary diagenesis in that there is insufficient time for a sediment particle to equilibrate in any one sediment layer before that layer may be displaced vertically by another layer. These sedimentation patterns are common in surface-water reservoirs whose sedimentation rates (1-10 cm yr-1) are several orders of magnitude greater than those for natural lakes (0.01-0.5 cm yr-1). Two examples of the effects of rapid sedimentation on geochemical metal signatures are presented here. Interstitial-water data (Fe) from two sites in the Cheyenne River Embayment of Lake Oahe on the Missouri River illustrate the effects of changing sedimentation rates on dissolved species. Rapid burial during high-flow yrs appears to limit early sedimentary diagenesis to aerobic respiration. Solid-phase metal data (Pb) from a site in Pueblo Reservoir on the upper Arkansas River in Colorado appear to record historical releases by flooding of abandoned mine sites upstream in Leadville, Colorado. Interstitial-water ammonia and ferrous Fe data indicate that at least one interval at depth in the sediment where solid metal concentrations peak is a zone of minimal diagenesis. The principal diagenetic reactions that occur in these sediments are aerobic respiration and the reduction of Mn and Fe oxides. Under slower sedimentation conditions, there is sufficient time for particulate organic matter to decompose and create a diagenetic environment where metal oxides may not be stable. The quasi-steady-state interstitial Fe profiles from Tidal Potomac River sediments are an example of such a situation. This occurs primarily because the residence time of particles in the surficial sediment column is long enough to allow benthic organisms and bacteria to perform their metabolic functions. When faster sedimentation prevails, there is less time for these metabolic reactions to occur since the organisms do not occupy a sediment layer for any length of time. Also, the quantity and quality of the organic matter input to the sediment layer is important in that reservoirs often receive more terrestrial organic matter than natural lakes and this terrestrial organic matter is generally more refractory than autochthonous aquatic organic matter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1008114630756","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Callender, E., 2000, Geochemical effects of rapid sedimentation in aquatic systems: Minimal diagenesis and the preservation of historical metal signatures: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 23, no. 3, p. 243-260, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008114630756.","startPage":"243","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206698,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008114630756"},{"id":230577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1625e4b0c8380cd5506f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022367,"text":"70022367 - 2000 - Sexing adult black-legged kittiwakes by DNA, behavior, and morphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T16:52:03.911135","indexId":"70022367","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexing adult black-legged kittiwakes by DNA, behavior, and morphology","docAbstract":"<p>We sexed adult Black-legged Kittiwakes (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i>) using DNA-based genetic techniques, behavior and morphology and compared results from these techniques. Genetic and morphology data were collected on 605 breeding kittiwakes and sex-specific behaviors were recorded for a sub-sample of 285 of these individuals. We compared sex classification based on both genetic and behavioral techniques for this sub-sample to assess the accuracy of the genetic technique. DNA-based techniques correctly sexed 97.2% and sex-specific behaviors, 96.5% of this sub-sample. We used the corrected genetic classifications from this sub-sample and the genetic classifications for the remaining birds, under the assumption they were correct, to develop predictive morphometric discriminant function models for all 605 birds. These models accurately predicted the sex of 73-96% of individuals examined, depending on the sample of birds used and the characters included. The most accurate single measurement for determining sex was length of head plus bill, which correctly classified 88% of individuals tested. When both members of a pair were measured, classification levels improved and approached the accuracy of both behavioral observations and genetic analyses. Morphometric techniques were only slightly less accurate than genetic techniques but were easier to implement in the field and less costly. Behavioral observations, while highly accurate, required that birds be easily observable during the breeding season and that birds be identifiable. As such, sex-specific behaviors may best be applied as a confirmation of sex for previously marked birds. All three techniques thus have the potential to be highly accurate, and the selection of one or more will depend on the circumstances of any particular field study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1522177","usgsCitation":"Jodice, P., Lanctot, R., Gill, V., Roby, D., and Hatch, S.A., 2000, Sexing adult black-legged kittiwakes by DNA, behavior, and morphology: Waterbirds, v. 23, no. 3, p. 405-415, https://doi.org/10.2307/1522177.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"415","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -146.45393371582028,\n              59.38463276428672\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.22596740722656,\n              59.38463276428672\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.22596740722656,\n              59.48763434062946\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.45393371582028,\n              59.48763434062946\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.45393371582028,\n              59.38463276428672\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8db5e4b08c986b3184fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jodice, P.G.R.","contributorId":79846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"P.G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":77879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, V.A.","contributorId":35498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roby, D.D. 0000-0001-9844-0992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":70944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022362,"text":"70022362 - 2000 - Magma mixing, recharge and eruption histories recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts from El Chichón Volcano, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T15:23:08.860778","indexId":"70022362","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma mixing, recharge and eruption histories recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts from El Chichón Volcano, Mexico","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">Consistent core-to-rim decreases of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr ratios and coincident increases in Sr concentrations in plagioclase phenocrysts of varying size (∼1 cm to 2 mm) are reported from samples of the 1982 and pre-1982 (∼200 ka) eruptions of El Chichón Volcano. Maximum<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr ratios of ∼0·7054, significantly higher than the whole-rock isotopic ratios (∼0·7040–0·7045), are found in the cores of plagioclase phenocrysts, and minimum<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr ratios of ∼0·7039 are found near some of the rims. Plagioclase phenocrysts commonly display abrupt fluctuations in An content (up to 25 mol %) that correspond to well-developed dissolution surfaces. The isotopic, textural and compositional characteristics suggest that these plagioclase phenocrysts grew in a system that was periodically recharged by higher-temperature magma with a lower<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr ratio and a higher Sr concentration. Rim<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr ratios in plagioclase phenocrysts of rocks from the 200 ka eruption indicate that, at that time, the magma had already attained the lowest recorded<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr value of the system (∼0·7039). In contrast, cores from plagioclase phenocrysts of the 1982 eruption, inferred to have grown in the past few thousand years, have the highest recorded<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr ratios of the system. Collectively, the Sr isotopic data (for plagioclase and whole rock), disequilibrium textural features of the phenocrysts, known eruption frequencies, and inferred crystal-residence times of the plagioclases are best interpreted in terms of an intermittent magma chamber model. Similar processes, including crustal contamination, magma mixing, periodic recharge by addition of more mafic magma to induce plagioclase disequilibrium (possibly triggering eruption) and subsequent re-equilibration, apparently were operative throughout the 200 ky history of the El Chichón magma system.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petrology","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/41.9.1397","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Tepley, F.J., Davidson, J., Tilling, R., and Arth, J.G., 2000, Magma mixing, recharge and eruption histories recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts from El Chichón Volcano, Mexico: Journal of Petrology, v. 41, no. 9, p. 1397-1411, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/41.9.1397.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1397","endPage":"1411","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/41.9.1397","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Chiapas","otherGeospatial":"El Chichón Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.23036670684814,\n              17.353833430489928\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22813510894775,\n              17.354038239773242\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2256031036377,\n              17.355430936832377\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22367191314697,\n              17.35780668975055\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22251319885252,\n              17.360428174478056\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22148323059082,\n              17.361370261393365\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22182655334473,\n              17.363582098596133\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22508811950684,\n              17.366244459818855\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22628974914551,\n              17.367882816726542\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22792053222656,\n              17.367063640104178\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.23319911956787,\n              17.36632637801222\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.23654651641846,\n              17.3630905815249\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.23736190795898,\n              17.358257260106353\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.23401451110838,\n              17.35534901376882\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.23036670684814,\n              17.353833430489928\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b3ce4b0c8380cd693a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tepley, F. J. III","contributorId":99723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepley","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, J.P.","contributorId":16123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tilling, R.I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":98311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"R.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arth, Joseph G.","contributorId":104546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arth","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022146,"text":"70022146 - 2000 - Strong-motion, site-effects and hazard issues in rebuilding Turkey: In light of the 17 August, 1999 earthquake and its aftershocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:52","indexId":"70022146","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2021,"text":"International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong-motion, site-effects and hazard issues in rebuilding Turkey: In light of the 17 August, 1999 earthquake and its aftershocks","docAbstract":"The August 17, 1999 Izmit (Turkey) earthquake (Mw=7.4) will be remembered as one of the largest earthquakes of recent times that affected a large urban environment (U.S. Geological Survey, 1999). The shaking that caused the widespread damage and destruction was recorded only by a handful of accelerographs in the earthquake area operated by different networks. The characteristics of these records show that the recorded peak accelerations, even those from near field stations, are smaller than expected. On the other hand, smaller magnitude aftershocks yielded larger peak accelerations. This is attributed to the sparse networks, which possibly missed recording of larger motions during the main shock. As rebuilding of Turkey starts, strong-motion networks that yield essential data must be enlarged. In addition, attention must be paid to new developments elsewhere, such as earthquake zoning maps, earthquake hazard maps, liquefaction potentials and susceptibility. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Copyright??2000 IAHS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01466518","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., Toprak, S., and Holzer, T., 2000, Strong-motion, site-effects and hazard issues in rebuilding Turkey: In light of the 17 August, 1999 earthquake and its aftershocks: International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, v. 24, no. 1, p. 21-38.","startPage":"21","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ba2e4b08c986b31cfda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toprak, S.","contributorId":43937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toprak","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holzer, T.","contributorId":17368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022361,"text":"70022361 - 2000 - Correlation of offshore seismic profiles with onshore New Jersey Miocene sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022361","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Correlation of offshore seismic profiles with onshore New Jersey Miocene sediments","docAbstract":"The New Jersey passive continental margin records the interaction of sequences and sea-level, although previous studies linking seismically defined sequences, borehole control, and global ??18O records were hindered by a seismic data gap on the inner-shelf. We describe new seismic data from the innermost New Jersey shelf that tie offshore seismic stratigraphy directly to onshore boreholes. These data link the onshore boreholes to existing seismic grids across the outer margin and to boreholes on the continental slope. Surfaces defined by age; facies, and log signature in the onshore boreholes at the base of sequences Kw2b, Kw2a, Kw1c, and Kw0 are now tied to seismic sequence boundaries m5s, m5.2s, m5.4s, and m6s, respectively, defined beneath the inner shelf. Sequence boundaries recognized in onshore boreholes and inner shelf seismic profiles apparently correlate with reflections m5, m5.2, m5.4, and m6, respectively, that were dated at slope boreholes during ODP Leg 150. We now recognize an additional sequence boundary beneath the shelf that we name m5.5s and correlate to the base of the onshore sequence Kw1b. The new seismic data image prograding Oligocene clinoforms beneath the inner shelf, consistent with the results from onshore boreholes. A land-based seismic profile crossing the Island Beach borehole reveals reflector geometries that we tie to Lower Miocene litho- and bio-facies in this borehole. These land-based seismic profiles image well-defined sequence boundaries, onlap and downlap truncations that correlate to Transgressive Systems Tracts (TST) and Highstand Systems Tracts (HST) identified in boreholes. Preliminary analysis of CH0698 data continues these system tract delineations across the inner shelf The CH0698 seismic profiles tie seismically defined sequence boundaries with sequences identified by lithiologic and paleontologic criteria. Both can now be related to global ??18O increases and attendant glacioeustatic lowerings. This integration of core, log, and seismic character of mid-Tertiary sediments across the width of the New Jersey margin is a major step in the long-standing effort to evaluate the impact of glaciouestasy on siliciclastic sediments of a passive continental margin. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00016-6","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Monteverde, D., Miller, K., and Mountain, G.S., 2000, Correlation of offshore seismic profiles with onshore New Jersey Miocene sediments, <i>in</i> Sedimentary Geology, v. 134, no. 1-2, p. 111-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00016-6.","startPage":"111","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00016-6"},{"id":230494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc3ee4b0c8380cd4e1c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monteverde, D.H.","contributorId":67171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monteverde","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, K.G.","contributorId":18094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mountain, Gregory S.","contributorId":29154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mountain","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022164,"text":"70022164 - 2000 - Utility of palmatolepids and icriodontids in recognizing Upper Devonian Series, Stage, and possible substage boundaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T14:55:27.845974","indexId":"70022164","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1145,"text":"CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utility of palmatolepids and icriodontids in recognizing Upper Devonian Series, Stage, and possible substage boundaries","docAbstract":"Conodonts are accepted internationally to define Devonian Series and Stage boundaries. Hence, the evolution and taxonomy of pelagic palmatolepids, primarily Palmatolepis and its direct ancestor Mesotaxis, and shallow-water icriodontids, Icriodus, Pelekysgnathus, and \"Icriodus\", are the major tools for recognizing subdivisions of the Upper Devonian. Palmatolepids are the basis for the Late Devonian Standard Conodont Zonation (ZIEGLER & SANDBERG 1990), whereas icriodontids are the basis for the alternative, integrated shallow-water zonation (SANDBERG & DREESEN 1984). However, an alternative palmatolepid taxonomy for some Frasnian species has been employed recently by some conodont workers using the Montagne Noire (M.N.) zonation, shape analyses of Pa elements, and multielement reconstructions of KLAPPER (1989), KLAPPER & FOSTER (1993); and KLAPPER et al. (1996). Herein, the evolution of palmatolepids and icriodontids is summarized in terms of our zonation and some of the taxonomic differences with the alternative M.N. zonation are exemplified. One of the problems in relating the Standard and M.N. zonations arises from previous errors of interpretation and drafting of the Martenberg section in Germany. This section was designated the reference section for the Frasnian transitans through jamieae Zones by ZIEGLER & SANDBERG (1990). Herein, the early and middle Frasnian zonal boundaries at Martenberg are improved by re-study of our old and recent collections from three profiles, spaced only 4 m apart. Serious problems exist with the Global Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSP's), selected by the Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy, following the paleontologic definition of the bases of the Frasnian, Famennian, and Tournaisian Stages, because of the difficulty in making global correlations from these GSSP's. Our summary of these problems should be helpful if future workers decide to relocate these GSSP's.","language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart Science Publishing","issn":"03414116","usgsCitation":"Ziegler, W., and Sandberg, C., 2000, Utility of palmatolepids and icriodontids in recognizing Upper Devonian Series, Stage, and possible substage boundaries: CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, no. 225, p. 335-347.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"347","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407791,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783510610464/CFS_Courier_Forschungsinstitut_Senckenbe"}],"issue":"225","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0cfe4b08c986b32a327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziegler, W.","contributorId":57614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022360,"text":"70022360 - 2000 - Alachlor transformation patterns in aquatic field mesocosms under variable oxygen and nutrient conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022360","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alachlor transformation patterns in aquatic field mesocosms under variable oxygen and nutrient conditions","docAbstract":"Alachlor is one of the most commonly used herbicides in both Europe and North America. Because of its toxic properties, its fate and attenuation in natural waters is practically important. This paper assesses factors that affect alachlor decay rate in aquatic systems using field-scale experimental units. In particular, we used field mesocosms (11.3 m3 outdoor fiberglass tanks) to examine the affect of oxygen level and other factors on decay rate in water columns. This is one of the first studies ever performed where diverse water column conditions have been successfully simulated using common mesocosm-scale facilities. Four treatments were assessed, including aerobic systems (aerobic); low nutrient, oxygen-stratified systems (stratified-LN); moderate nutrient, oxygen-stratified systems (stratified-HN); and anaerobic systems (anaerobic). The lowest half-lives were observed in the anaerobic units (9.7 days) followed by the aerobic (21 days), stratified-HN (22 days), and stratified-LN (46 days) units. Our results indicate that alachlor is transformed most rapidly under anaerobic conditions, although the ambient phosphorus level also appears to influence decay rate. In this study, two common alachlor breakdown products, ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid, were also monitored. Oxanilic acid was produced in greater quantities than ESA under all treatments with the highest levels being produced in the stratified-HN units. In general, our results suggest that previous laboratory data, which indicated that high rates of alachlor decay can occur under oxygen-free methanogenic conditions, is translatable to field-scale applications. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.Alachlor is one of the most commonly used herbicides in both Europe and North America. Because of its toxic properties, its fate and attenuation in natural waters is practically important. This paper assesses factors that affect alachlor decay rate in aquatic systems using field-scale experimental units. In particular, we used field mesocosms (11.3 m3 outdoor fiberglass tanks) to examine the affect of oxygen level and other factors on decay rate in water columns. This is one of the first studies ever performed where diverse water column conditions have been successfully simulated using common mesocosm-scale facilities. Four treatments were assessed, including aerobic systems (aerobic); low nutrient, oxygen-stratified systems (stratified-LN); moderate nutrient, oxygen-stratified systems (stratified-HN); and anaerobic systems (anaerobic). The lowest half-lives were observed in the anaerobic units (9.7 days) followed by the aerobic (21 days), stratified-HN (22 days), and stratified-LN (46 days) units. Our results indicate that alachlor is transformed most rapidly under anaerobic conditions, although the ambient phosphorus level also appears to influence decay rate. In this study, two common alachlor breakdown products, ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid, were also monitored. Oxanilic acid was produced in greater quantities than ESA under all treatments with the highest levels being produced in the stratified-HN units. In general, our results suggest that previous laboratory data, which indicated that high rates of alachlor decay can occur under oxygen-free methanogenic conditions, is translatable to field-scale applications.Aquatic field mesocosms were used to examine the influence of DO concentration and the presence of nutrients on alachlor transformation. Four treatments were used: wholly aerobic water columns, thermally and oxygen stratified water columns with low nutrient levels, stratified water columns with moderate nutrient levels, and wholly anaerobic water columns. The anaerobic treatment produced the highest rate of alachlor decay, followed by the aerobic and stratified treatments. The lowest decay rate occurred in the aerobic, low-nutrient stratified units.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00147-0","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Graham, D., Miley, M., Denoyelles, F., Smith, V., Thurman, E., and Carter, R., 2000, Alachlor transformation patterns in aquatic field mesocosms under variable oxygen and nutrient conditions: Water Research, v. 34, no. 16, p. 4054-4062, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00147-0.","startPage":"4054","endPage":"4062","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00147-0"},{"id":230456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e92fe4b0c8380cd48145","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, D.W.","contributorId":102223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miley, M.K.","contributorId":43939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miley","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denoyelles, F.","contributorId":96039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denoyelles","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Val H.","contributorId":69317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Val H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carter, R.","contributorId":13397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022145,"text":"70022145 - 2000 - Potential seismic hazards and tectonics of the upper Cook Inlet basin, Alaska, based on analysis of Pliocene and younger deformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T17:00:17.093999","indexId":"70022145","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential seismic hazards and tectonics of the upper Cook Inlet basin, Alaska, based on analysis of Pliocene and younger deformation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Cook Inlet basin is a northeast-trending forearc basin above the Aleutian subduction zone in southern Alaska. Folds in Cook Inlet are complex, discontinuous structures with variable shape and vergence that probably developed by right-transpressional deformation on oblique-slip faults extending downward into Mesozoic basement beneath the Tertiary basin. The most recent episode of deformation may have began as early as late Miocene time, but most of the deformation occurred after deposition of much of the Pliocene Sterling Formation. Deformation continued into Quaternary time, and many structures are probably still active. One structure, the Castle Mountain fault, has Holocene fault scarps, an adjacent anticline with flower structure, and historical seismicity. If other structures in Cook Inlet are active, blind faults coring fault-propagation folds may generate M</span><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;6–7+ earthquakes. Dextral transpression of Cook Inlet appears to have been driven by coupling between the North American and Pacific plates along the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone, and by lateral escape of the forearc to the southwest, due to collision and indentation of the Yakutat terrane 300 km to the east of the basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1414:PSHATO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Bruhn, R.L., and Pratt, T.L., 2000, Potential seismic hazards and tectonics of the upper Cook Inlet basin, Alaska, based on analysis of Pliocene and younger deformation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 9, p. 1414-1429, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1414:PSHATO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1414","endPage":"1429","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.5,\n              60\n            ],\n            [\n              -148,\n             60\n            ],\n            [\n              -148,\n             62\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.5,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.5,\n              60\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f5de4b0c8380cd7aab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruhn, Ronald L.","contributorId":179363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruhn","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13028,"text":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":392528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022210,"text":"70022210 - 2000 - Periphyton dynamics in a subalpine mountain stream during winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T16:32:01.928123","indexId":"70022210","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Periphyton dynamics in a subalpine mountain stream during winter","docAbstract":"<p><span>We conducted two experiments to determine the activity of and factors which control periphyton during winter in Stevensville Brook, Vermont. The first experiment during winter/spring 1994 examined the effect of a 300 to 450% difference in light and doubling of flow (low and high light, slow and fast flow) on periphyton chlorophyll&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;(chl&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>) and ash-free dry mass (AFDM) from stream rocks and artificial substrata. A second experiment was performed to determine whether periphyton was nitrogen or phosphorus limited. In addition, stream water was sampled during fall/winter 1994/95 for nitrate (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>), ammonia (NH</span><sub>4</sub><span>), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and total phosphorus (TP) to determine the availability of nutrients in Stevensville Brook. Increases of up to 250% for AFDM and 600% for chl&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;during the first study indicated robust activity throughout the winter despite low temperatures and light. Flow had a negative effect and sampling date was found to have a significant effect on periphyton biomass (chl&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;and AFDM) while light was found to influence increases in AFDM on clay tiles only. Water analyses showed that SRP was less than 0.001 mg L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, NH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and TP were low and often undetectable, and NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;remained at about 0.20 mg L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Results from the nutrient enrichment experiment showed a significant response of chl&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;to P but not N and no response of AFDM to enrichment with either N or P. In Stevensville Brook during winter, the algal community, as represented by the chl&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;concentration, is predominantly controlled by phosphorus concentrations and is influenced to a lesser extent by flow; the periphyton community as a whole, represented by AFDM, is controlled mostly by stream flow and light.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor& Francis","doi":"10.1080/15230430.2000.12003348","issn":"15230430","usgsCitation":"Gustina, G., and Hoffmann, J., 2000, Periphyton dynamics in a subalpine mountain stream during winter: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 32, no. 2, p. 127-134, https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2000.12003348.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"134","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2000.12003348","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Stevensville Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.89260268211365,\n              44.50903927961755\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.8921627998352,\n              44.508809744345854\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.8889012336731,\n              44.50917700034669\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.8863263130188,\n              44.51060009549314\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.88589715957642,\n              44.51119686698786\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.8834080696106,\n           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G.W.","contributorId":55601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustina","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffmann, J.P.","contributorId":76389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022142,"text":"70022142 - 2000 - Characterization of seismic hazard and structural response by energy flux","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022142","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of seismic hazard and structural response by energy flux","docAbstract":"Seismic safety of structures depends on the structure's ability to absorb the seismic energy that is transmitted from ground to structure. One parameter that can be used to characterize seismic energy is the energy flux. Energy flux is defined as the amount of energy transmitted per unit time through a cross-section of a medium, and is equal to kinetic energy multiplied by the propagation velocity of seismic waves. The peak or the integral of energy flux can be used to characterize ground motions. By definition, energy flux automatically accounts for site amplification. Energy flux in a structure can be studied by formulating the problem as a wave propagation problem. For buildings founded on layered soil media and subjected to vertically incident plane shear waves, energy flux equations are derived by modeling the buildings as an extension of the layered soil medium, and considering each story as another layer. The propagation of energy flux in the layers is described in terms of the upgoing and downgoing energy flux in each layer, and the energy reflection and transmission coefficients at each interface. The formulation results in a pair of simple finite-difference equations for each layer, which can be solved recursively starting from the bedrock. The upgoing and downgoing energy flux in the layers allows calculation of the energy demand and energy dissipation in each layer. The methodology is applicable to linear, as well as nonlinear structures. ?? 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(00)00036-1","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Afak, E., 2000, Characterization of seismic hazard and structural response by energy flux: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 20, no. 1-4, p. 39-43, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(00)00036-1.","startPage":"39","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206801,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(00)00036-1"},{"id":230818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d9e4b0c8380cd4bf71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Afak, E.","contributorId":46729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022358,"text":"70022358 - 2000 - On the modified Mercalli intensities and magnitudes of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T14:39:41.053663","indexId":"70022358","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the modified Mercalli intensities and magnitudes of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes","docAbstract":"<p>We reexamine original felt reports from the 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes and determine revised isoseismal maps for the three principal mainshocks. In many cases we interpret lower values than those assigned by earlier studies. In some cases the revisions result from an interpretation of original felt reports with an appreciation for site response issues. Additionally, earlier studies had assigned modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) values of V-VII to a substantial number of reports that we conclude do not describe damage commensurate with intensities this high. We investigate several approaches to contouring the MMI values using both analytical and subjective methods. For the first mainshock on 02∶15 LT December 16, 1811, our preferred contouring yields <i>M</i>ω7.2–7.3 using the area-moment regressions of <i>Johnston</i> [1996]. For the 08∶00 LT on January 23, 1812, and 03∶45 LT on February 7, 1812, mainshocks, we obtain <i>M</i>ω7.0 and <i>M</i>ω7.4–7.5, respectively. Our magnitude for the February mainshock is consistent with the established geometry of the Reelfoot fault, which all evidence suggests to have been the causative structure for this event. We note that the inference of lower magnitudes for the New Madrid events implies that site response plays a significant role in controlling seismic hazard at alluvial sites in the central and eastern United States. We also note that our results suggest that thrusting may have been the dominant mechanism of faulting associated with the 1811–1812 sequence.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900110","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., Armbruster, J., Seeber, L., and Hough, J., 2000, On the modified Mercalli intensities and magnitudes of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B10, p. 23839-23864, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900110.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"23839","endPage":"23864","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479340,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900110","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Valley, New Madrid Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.16455078125,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.06640625,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.06640625,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.16455078125,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.16455078125,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ddde4b0c8380cd75378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armbruster, J.G.","contributorId":71202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seeber, L.","contributorId":37329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeber","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hough, J.F.","contributorId":101276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022141,"text":"70022141 - 2000 - Ictalurid populations in relation to the presence of a main-stem reservoir in a midwestern warmwater stream with emphasis on the threatened Neosho madtom","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T13:54:11","indexId":"70022141","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ictalurid populations in relation to the presence of a main-stem reservoir in a midwestern warmwater stream with emphasis on the threatened Neosho madtom","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ictalurid populations, including those of the Neosho madtom </span><i>Noturus placidus</i><span>, have been monitored in the Neosho River basin since the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed the Neosho madtom as threatened in 1991. The Neosho madtom presently occurs only in the Neosho River basin, whose hydrologic regime, physical habitat, and water quality have been altered by the construction and operation of reservoirs. Our objective was to assess changes in ictalurid densities, habitat, water quality, and hydrology in relation to the presence of a main-stem reservoir in the Neosho River basin. Study sites were characterized using habitat quality as measured by substrate size, water quality as measured by standard physicochemical measures, and indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) as calculated from stream gauge information from the U.S. Geological Survey. Site estimates of ictalurid densities were collected by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service annually from 1991 to 1998, with the exception of 1993. Water quality and habitat measurements documented reduced turbidity and altered substrate composition in the Neosho River basin below John Redmond Dam. The effects of the dam on flow were indicated by changes in the short- and long-term minimum and maximum flows. Positive correlations between observed Neosho madtom densities and increases in minimum flow suggest that increased minimum flows could be used to enhance Neosho madtom populations. Positive correlations between Neosho madtom densities and increased flows in the winter and spring months as well as the date of the 1-d annual minimum flow indicate the potential importance of the timing of increased flows to Neosho madtoms. Because of the positive relationships that we found between the densities of Neosho madtoms and those of channel catfish </span><i>Ictalurus punctatus</i><span>, stonecats </span><i>Noturus flavus</i><span>, and other catfishes, alterations in flow that benefit Neosho madtom populations will probably benefit other members of the benthic fish community of the Neosho River.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<1264:IPIRTT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Wildhaber, M., Tabor, V., Whitaker, J., Allert, A., Mulhern, D., Lamberson, P.J., and Powell, K., 2000, Ictalurid populations in relation to the presence of a main-stem reservoir in a midwestern warmwater stream with emphasis on the threatened Neosho madtom: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 6, p. 1264-1280, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<1264:IPIRTT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1264","endPage":"1280","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood River, Neosho River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.7353515625,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.74609375,\n              35.89795019335754\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.547607421875,\n              37.06394430056685\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.887939453125,\n              39.08743603215884\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.64697265625,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.7353515625,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3805e4b0c8380cd613a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tabor, V.M.","contributorId":89300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabor","given":"V.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitaker, J.E.","contributorId":14596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitaker","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allert, A.L.","contributorId":55987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mulhern, D.W.","contributorId":59979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulhern","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lamberson, Peter J.","contributorId":20932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamberson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Powell, K.L.","contributorId":107873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022357,"text":"70022357 - 2000 - Pore fluid pressure, apparent friction, and Coulomb failure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T15:53:47","indexId":"70022357","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pore fluid pressure, apparent friction, and Coulomb failure","docAbstract":"Many recent studies of stress-triggered seismicity rely on a fault failure model with a single free parameter, the apparent coefficient of friction, presumed to be a material constant with possible values 0 ≤ μ′ ≤ 1. These studies may present a misleading view of fault strength and the role of pore fluid pressure in earthquake failure. The parameter μ′ is intended to incorporate the effects of both friction and pore pressure, but is a material constant only if changes in pore fluid pressure induced by changes in stress are proportional to the normal stress change across the potential failure plane. Although specific models of fault zones permit such a relation, neither is it known that fault zones within the Earth behave this way, nor is this behavior expected in all cases. In contrast, for an isotropic homogeneous poroelastic model the pore pressure changes are proportional to changes in mean stress, μ′ is not a material constant, and −∞ ≤ μ′ ≤ +∞. Analysis of the change in Coulomb failure stress for tectonically loaded reverse and strike-slip faults shows considerable differences between these two pore pressure models, suggesting that such models might be distinguished from one another using observations of triggered seismicity (e.g., aftershocks). We conclude that using the constant apparent friction model exclusively in studies of Coulomb failure stress is unwise and could lead to significant errors in estimated stress change and seismic hazard.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900119","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N., Simpson, R., Hickman, S., and Lockner, D., 2000, Pore fluid pressure, apparent friction, and Coulomb failure: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B11, p. 25533-25542, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900119.","startPage":"25533","endPage":"25542","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280170,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900119"}],"volume":"105","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7dc9e4b0c8380cd7a163","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, N.M. 0000-0002-3397-8481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":68894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickman, S.H. 0000-0003-2075-9615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":16027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022415,"text":"70022415 - 2000 - Determination of geochemical affinities of granitic rocks from the Aue-Schwarzenberg zone (Erzgebirge, Germany) by multivariate statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022415","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2857,"text":"Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of geochemical affinities of granitic rocks from the Aue-Schwarzenberg zone (Erzgebirge, Germany) by multivariate statistics","docAbstract":"Variscan granites of the Erzgebirge region can be effectively classified into five genetically distinct major groups by canonical analysis of geochemical variables. The same classification procedure, when applied to small plutons in the Aue-Schwarzenberg granite zone (ASGZ), shows that all ASGZ granites have compositional affinities to low-F biotite or low-F two-mica granite groups. This suggests that the ASGZ granites were emplaced during the first, late-collisional stage of silicic magmatism in the region, which occurred between about 325 and 318 Ma. The numerous biotite granite bodies in the zone are geochemically distinct from both the neighboring Kirchberg granite pluton and the spatially displaced Niederbobritzsch biotite granite massif. Instead, these bodies seem to constitute a third sub-group within the low-F biotite granite class. The ASGZ biotite granites represent three or more genetically distinct bodies, thus highlighting the enormous compositional variability within this group of granites. Least evolved samples of two-mica granites from the ASGZ apparently reflect the assimilation of low-grade metamorphic country rocks during emplacement, altering the original composition of the melts by enhancing primary Al content. The same genesis is implied for the rare \"cordierite granite\" facies of the Bergen massif, the type pluton for the low-F two-mica granite group in the Erzgebirge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00283649","usgsCitation":"Forster, H., and Davis, J., 2000, Determination of geochemical affinities of granitic rocks from the Aue-Schwarzenberg zone (Erzgebirge, Germany) by multivariate statistics: Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte, v. 12, p. 529-542.","startPage":"529","endPage":"542","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa7e4b0c8380cd4f2f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forster, H.-J.","contributorId":104653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forster","given":"H.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022416,"text":"70022416 - 2000 - New structural and stratigraphic insights for northwestern Pakistan from field and Landsat Thematic Mapper data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-22T16:04:47.535501","indexId":"70022416","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New structural and stratigraphic insights for northwestern Pakistan from field and Landsat Thematic Mapper data","docAbstract":"The remote Waziristan region of northwestern Pakistan includes outcrops of the India-Asia suture zone. The excellent exposure of the Waziristan ophiolite and associated sedimentary lithosomes and their inaccessibility made the use of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data desirable in this study. Landsat TM data were used to create a spectral ratio image of bands 3/4, 5/4, and 7/5, displayed as red, green, and blue, respectively, and a principal component analysis image of bands 4, 5, and 7 (RGB). These images were interpreted in the context of available geologic maps, limited field work, and biostratigraphic, lithostratigraphic, and radiometric data. They were used to create a coherent geologic map of Waziristan and cross section of the area that document five tectonic units in the region and provide a new and more detailed tectonic history for the region. The lowest unit is comprised of Indian shelf sediments that were thrust under the Waziristan ophiolite. The ophiolite has been tectonically shuffled and consists of two separate tectonic units. The top thrust sheet is a nappe comprised of distal Triassic to Lower Cretaceous Neotethyan sediments that were underthrust during the Late Cretaceous by the ophiolite riding on Indian shelf strata. The uppermost unit contains unconformable Tertiary and younger strata. The thrust sheets show that the Waziristan ophiolite was obducted during Late Cretaceous time and imply that the Paleocene and Eocene deformation represents collision of India with the Kabul block and/or Asia.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<364:NSASIF>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., Beck, R., Gnos, E., and Vincent, R., 2000, New structural and stratigraphic insights for northwestern Pakistan from field and Landsat Thematic Mapper data: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 3, p. 364-374, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<364:NSASIF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"364","endPage":"374","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Pakistan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              69.862060546875,\n              32.602361666817515\n            ],\n            [\n              70.90576171875,\n              32.602361666817515\n            ],\n            [\n              70.90576171875,\n              33.46810795527896\n            ],\n            [\n              69.862060546875,\n              33.46810795527896\n            ],\n            [\n              69.862060546875,\n              32.602361666817515\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6617e4b0c8380cd72d06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, J.","contributorId":73723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, R.","contributorId":21721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gnos, E.","contributorId":53555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gnos","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vincent, R.K.","contributorId":9766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022417,"text":"70022417 - 2000 - Morphology and processes in Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-22T16:15:03.225428","indexId":"70022417","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology and processes in Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada)","docAbstract":"Lake Tahoe was surveyed using a state-of-the-art, high-resolution, multibeam mapping system to provide an accurate base map for the myriad of ongoing environmental studies in and around the lake. The newly defined basin morphology shows steep basin margins on the northern, eastern, and western sides and a gentle margin on the southern side. Two large, flat plateaus several kilometers wide extend from the shore to about 40 m water depth in the northwestern sections of the basin. A series of ridges in the west and north are presumed traces of faults, some of which border the lake basin and some of which traverse across the northern section of the lake and converge in McKinney Bay. McKinney Bay is a large reentrant in the western margin that was created by a failure of the western margin that occurred about 300 ka. The failure generated a major debris avalanche that carried large blocks, some more than 1000 m long and 80 m high, accross the basin. Apparently, the debris avalanche was deflected by the eastern margin of the basin and flowed to the north and south. Small debris flows and slides have continued to occur in this area. Small debris aprons along the northern, western, and eastern margins, some apparently the remnants of collapsed terminal moraines formed in the basin from the 160 ka Tahoe Glaciation, which reached the edge of the basin. Eroded plateaus and ridges occur on a glacial outwash plain that covers the gentle southern margin. The plateaus and ridges are inferred to be remnants of another large terminal moraine of the Tahoe Glaciation.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<736:MAPILT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J., Mayer, L.A., and Hughs, C.J., 2000, Morphology and processes in Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 5, p. 736-746, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<736:MAPILT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"736","endPage":"746","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n  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        38.92522904714054\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e50e4b0c8380cd7095b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, L. A.","contributorId":105776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughs, Clarke J.E.","contributorId":92457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughs","given":"Clarke","email":"","middleInitial":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022419,"text":"70022419 - 2000 - Effects of winter marsh burning on abundance and nesting activity of Louisiana seaside sparrows in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T17:02:33.55607","indexId":"70022419","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of winter marsh burning on abundance and nesting activity of Louisiana seaside sparrows in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain","docAbstract":"<p id=\"ID0EF\" class=\"first\">Louisiana Seaside Sparrows (<i>Ammodramus maritimus fisheri</i>) breed and winter exclusively in brackish and saline marshes along the northern Gulf of Mexico. Many Gulf Coast marshes, particularly in the Chenier Plain of southwestern Louisiana and southeastern Texas, are burned intentionally in fall or winter as part of waterfowl management programs. Fire reportedly has negatively affected two Seaside Sparrow subspecies (<i>A. m. nigrescens</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. m. mirabilis</i>) in Florida, but there is no published information regarding effects of fire on<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. m. fisheri.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>We compared abundance of territorial male Louisiana Seaside Sparrows, number of nesting activity indicators, and vegetation structure in paired burned and unburned plots in Chenier Plain marshes in southwestern Louisiana during the 1996 breeding season (April–July) before experimental winter burns (January 1997) and again during two breeding seasons post-burn (1997–1998). We found that abundance of male sparrows decreased in burned plots during the first breeding season post-burn, but was higher than that of unburned plots during the second breeding season post-burn. Indicators of nesting activity showed a similar but non-significant pattern in response to burning. Sparrow abundance and nesting activity seemingly are linked to dead vegetation cover, which was lower in burned plots during the first breeding season post-burn, but did not differ from that in unburned plots during the second breeding season post-burn. We recommend that marsh management plans in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain integrate waterfowl and Seaside Sparrow management by maintaining a mosaic of burned and unburned marshes and allowing vegetation to recover for at least two growing seasons before re-burning a marsh.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112[0365:EOWMBO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Gabrey, S.W., and Afton, A.D., 2000, Effects of winter marsh burning on abundance and nesting activity of Louisiana seaside sparrows in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 112, no. 3, p. 365-372, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112[0365:EOWMBO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":368,"text":"Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112[0365:eowmbo]2.0.co;2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.90176391601562,\n              29.74887863492848\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.90107727050781,\n              29.68924576848234\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.80288696289062,\n              29.64509464986076\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.72735595703125,\n              29.614057949691468\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.58590698242188,\n              29.577040160503223\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.49458312988281,\n              29.562707047643396\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.49252319335938,\n              29.65404576683535\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.58590698242188,\n              29.673735421779128\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.62092590332031,\n              29.693421222137395\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.68341064453125,\n              29.70833214011303\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.71430969238281,\n              29.70833214011303\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.90176391601562,\n              29.74887863492848\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0849e4b0c8380cd51a6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gabrey, Steven W.","contributorId":40927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabrey","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, Alan D. 0000-0002-0436-8588 aafton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-8588","contributorId":139582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Afton","given":"Alan","email":"aafton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":368,"text":"Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022330,"text":"70022330 - 2000 - Transient groundwater-lake interactions in a continental rift: Sea of Galilee, Israel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-22T15:41:44.729882","indexId":"70022330","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient groundwater-lake interactions in a continental rift: Sea of Galilee, Israel","docAbstract":"The Sea of Galilee, located in the northern part of the Dead Sea rift, is currently an intermediate fresh-water lake. It is postulated that during a short highstand phase of former Lake Lisan in the late Pleistocene, saline water percolated into the subsurface. Since its recession from the Kinarot basin and the instantaneous formation of the fresh-water lake (the Sea of Galilee), the previously intruded brine has been flushed backward toward the lake. Numerical simulations solving the coupled equations of fluid flow and of solute and heat transport are applied to examine the feasibility of this hypothesis. A sensitivity analysis shows that the major parameters controlling basin hydrodynamics are lake-water salinity, aquifer permeability, and aquifer anisotropy. Results show that a highstand period of 3000 yr in Lake Lisan was sufficient for saline water to percolate deep into the subsurface. Because of different aquifer permeabilities on both sides of the rift, brine percolated into a aquifers on the western margin, whereas percolation was negligible on the eastern side. In the simulation, after the occupation of the basin by the Sea of Galilee, the invading saline water was leached backward by a topography-driven flow. It is suggested that the percolating brine on the western side reacted with limestone at depth to form epigenetic dolomite at elevated temperatures. Therefore, groundwater discharging along the western shores of the Sea of Galilee has a higher calcium to magnesium ratio than groundwater on the eastern side.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1694:TGLIIA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Stanislavsky, E., Lyakhovsky, V., and Gvirtzman, H., 2000, Transient groundwater-lake interactions in a continental rift: Sea of Galilee, Israel: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 11, p. 1694-1702, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1694:TGLIIA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1694","endPage":"1702","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tiberias, Sea of Galilee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              35.5902099609375,\n              32.697177359290635\n            ],\n            [\n              35.630035400390625,\n              32.72028788113862\n            ],\n            [\n              35.646514892578125,\n              32.74454748492845\n            ],\n            [\n              35.65063476562499,\n              32.772264659923465\n            ],\n            [\n              35.65063476562499,\n              32.7872745269555\n            ],\n            [\n              35.654754638671875,\n              32.828827094089085\n            ],\n            [\n              35.660247802734375,\n              32.838058359277056\n            ],\n            [\n              35.643768310546875,\n              32.88189375925038\n            ],\n            [\n              35.613555908203125,\n              32.90495631913751\n            ],\n            [\n              35.533905029296875,\n              32.87266705436184\n            ],\n            [\n              35.50643920898437,\n              32.83228893100241\n            ],\n            [\n              35.533905029296875,\n              32.794201303793194\n            ],\n            [\n              35.528411865234375,\n              32.78034721066307\n            ],\n            [\n              35.561370849609375,\n              32.74339241542703\n            ],\n            [\n              35.562744140625,\n              32.71566625570318\n            ],\n            [\n              35.5902099609375,\n              32.697177359290635\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6ffe4b08c986b326fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanislavsky, E.","contributorId":104244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanislavsky","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyakhovsky, V.","contributorId":76492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyakhovsky","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gvirtzman, H.","contributorId":105470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gvirtzman","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022140,"text":"70022140 - 2000 - Water movement through a thick unsaturated zone underlying an intermittent stream in the western Mojave Desert, southern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T08:48:29","indexId":"70022140","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water movement through a thick unsaturated zone underlying an intermittent stream in the western Mojave Desert, southern California, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id14\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id15\"><p><span>Previous studies indicated that small amounts of recharge occur as&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Infiltration\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/infiltration\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/infiltration\">infiltration</a>&nbsp;of intermittent&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Streamflow\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/streamflow\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/streamflow\">streamflow</a>&nbsp;in washes in the upper Mojave River&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Basins\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/basins\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/basins\">basin</a>, in the western Mojave&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Deserts\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/deserts\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/deserts\">Desert</a>, near Victorville, California. These washes flow only a few days each year after large&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Storms\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/storms\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/storms\">storms</a>. To reach the&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Water Table\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/water-table\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/water-table\">water table</a>, water must pass through an unsaturated zone that is more than 130</span>&nbsp;<span>m thick. Results of this study, done in 1994–1998, show that infiltration to depths below the root zone did not occur at control sites away from the wash. At these sites, volumetric water contents were as low as 0.01 and water potentials (measured as the combination of&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Solutes\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/solutes\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/solutes\">solute</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Matric Potential\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/matric-potential\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/matric-potential\">matric potentials</a>&nbsp;using a water activity meter) were as negative as −14,000</span>&nbsp;kPa. Water-vapor movement was controlled by highly negative solute potentials associated with the accumulation of soluble salts in the unsaturated zone. Highly negative matric potentials above and below the zone of maximum solute accumulation result from movement of water vapor toward the highly negative solute potentials at that depth. The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><span>D (delta&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Oxygen 18\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/oxygen-18\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/oxygen-18\">oxygen-18</a>&nbsp;and delta deuterium)&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Isotopic Composition\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/isotopic-composition\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/isotopic-composition\">isotopic composition</a>&nbsp;of water in coarse-grained deposits plots along a Rayleigh&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Distillation\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/distillation\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/distillation\">distillation</a>&nbsp;line consistent with removal of water in coarse-grained layers by vapor transport. Beneath Oro Grande Wash, water moved to depths below the root zone and, presumably, to the water table about 130</span>&nbsp;m below land surface. Underneath Oro Grande Wash, volumetric water contents were as high as 0.27 and water potentials (measured as matric potential using tensiometers) were between −1.8 and −50&nbsp;<span>kPa. On the basis of&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Tritium\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/tritium\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/tritium\">tritium</a>&nbsp;data, water requires at least 180–260 years to infiltrate to the water table. Clay layers impede the downward movement of water. Seasonal changes in water vapor composition underneath the wash are consistent with the rapid infiltration of a small quantity of water to great depths and subsequent equilibration of vapor with water in the surrounding material. It may be possible to supplement natural recharge from the wash with imported water. Recharge to the wash may be advantageous because the unsaturated zone is not as dry as most areas in the desert and concentrations of soluble salts are generally lower underneath the wash.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00331-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Radyk, J., and Michel, R.L., 2000, Water movement through a thick unsaturated zone underlying an intermittent stream in the western Mojave Desert, southern California, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 238, no. 3-4, p. 194-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00331-0.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"217","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206784,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00331-0"}],"volume":"238","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc859e4b08c986b32c8c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Radyk, J.","contributorId":63984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radyk","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021951,"text":"70021951 - 2000 - Sources and haloacetic acid/trihalomethane formation potentials of aquatic humic substances in the Wakarusa River and Clinton Lake near Lawrence, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:56:52","indexId":"70021951","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and haloacetic acid/trihalomethane formation potentials of aquatic humic substances in the Wakarusa River and Clinton Lake near Lawrence, Kansas","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Gram quantities of aquatic humic substances (AHS) were extracted from the Wakarusa River−Clinton Lake Reservoir system, near Lawrence, KS, to support nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimental studies, report concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and AHS, define sources of the AHS, and determine if the AHS yield sufficient quantities of haloacetic acids (HAA5) and trihalomethanes (THM4) that exceed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) in drinking water. AHS from the Wakarusa River and Clinton Lake originated from riparian forest vegetation, reflected respective effects of soil organic matter and aquatic algal/bacterial sources, and bore evidence of biological degradation and photodegradation. AHS from the Wakarusa River showed the effect of terrestrial sources, whereas Clinton Lake humic acid also reflected aquatic algal/bacterial sources. Greater amounts of carbon attributable to tannin-derived chemical structures may correspond with higher HAA5 and THM4 yields for Clinton Lake fulvic acid. Prior to appreciable leaf-fall from deciduous trees, the combined (humic and fulvic acid) THM4 formation potentials for the Wakarusa River approached the proposed EPA THM4 Stage I MCL of 80 μg/L, and the combined THM4 formation potential for Clinton Lake slightly exceeded the proposed THM4 Stage II MCL of 40 μg/L. Finally, AHS from Clinton Lake could account for most (&gt;70%) of the THM4 concentrations in finished water from the Clinton Lake Water Treatment Plant based on September 23, 1996, THM4 results.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es991376j","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Pomes, M., Larive, C., Thurman, E., Green, W.R., Orem, W., Rostad, C., Coplen, T., Cutak, B., and Dixon, A., 2000, Sources and haloacetic acid/trihalomethane formation potentials of aquatic humic substances in the Wakarusa River and Clinton Lake near Lawrence, Kansas: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 20, p. 4278-4286, https://doi.org/10.1021/es991376j.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4278","endPage":"4286","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":206372,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es991376j"},{"id":229568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9354e4b08c986b31a430","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pomes, M.L.","contributorId":84393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomes","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larive, C.K.","contributorId":78901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larive","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, W. R.","contributorId":68354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cutak, B.J.","contributorId":50680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutak","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dixon, A.M.","contributorId":26834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70022165,"text":"70022165 - 2000 - Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022165","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey is building models of the Florida Everglades to be used in managing south Florida surface water flows for habitat restoration and maintenance. Because of the low gradients in the Everglades, vegetation structural characteristics are very important and greatly influence surface water flow and distribution. Vegetation density is being evaluated as an index of surface resistance to flow. Digital multispectral videography (DMSV) has been captured over several sites just before field collection of vegetation data. Linear regression has been used to establish a relationship between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values computed from the DMSV and field-collected biomass and density estimates. Spatial analysis applied to the DMSV data indicates that thematic mapper (TM) resolution is at the limit required to capture land surface heterogeneity. The TM data collected close to the time of the DMSV will be used to derive a regional sawgrass density map.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.W., 2000, Image and in situ data integration to derive sawgrass density for surface flow modelling in the Everglades, Florida, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 267, p. 507-512.","startPage":"507","endPage":"512","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"267","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3877e4b0c8380cd61598","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022420,"text":"70022420 - 2000 - Temporal and spectral characteristics of seismicity observed at Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T15:32:15","indexId":"70022420","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spectral characteristics of seismicity observed at Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico","docAbstract":"Popocatepetl volcano entered an eruptive phase from December 21, 1994 to March 30, 1995, which was characterized by ash and fumarolic emissions. During this eruptive episode, the observed seismicity consisted of volcano-tectonic (VT) events, long-period (LP) events and sustained tremor. Before the initial eruption on December 21, VT seismicity exhibited no increase in number until a swarm of VT earthquakes was observed at 01:31 hours local time. Visual observations of the eruption occurred at dawn the next morning. LP activity increased from an average of 7 events a day in October 1994 to 22 events per day in December 1994. At the onset of the eruption, LP activity peaked at 49 events per day. LP activity declined until mid-January 1995 when no events were observed. Tremor was first observed about one day after the initial eruption and averaged 10 h per episode. By late February 1995, tremor episodes became more intermittent, lasting less than 5 min, and the number of LP events returned to pre-eruption levels (7 events per day). Using a spectral ratio technique, low-frequency oceanic microseismic noise with a predominant peak around 7 s was removed from the broadband seismic signal of tremor and LP events. Stacks of corrected tremor episodes and LP events show that both tremor and LP events contain similar frequency features with major peaks around 1.4 Hz. Frequency analyses of LP events and tremor suggest a shallow extended source with similar radiation pattern characteristics. The distribution of VT events (between 2.5 and 10 km) also points to a shallow source of the tremor and LP events located in the first 2500 m beneath the crater. Under the assumption that the frequency characteristics of the signals are representative of an oscillator we used a fluid-filled-crack model to infer the length of the resonator.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00188-8","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Arciniega-Ceballos, A., Valdes-Gonzalez, C., and Dawson, P., 2000, Temporal and spectral characteristics of seismicity observed at Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 102, no. 3-4, p. 207-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00188-8.","startPage":"207","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280168,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00188-8"}],"volume":"102","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4fbe4b08c986b3206ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arciniega-Ceballos, A.","contributorId":42742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arciniega-Ceballos","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valdes-Gonzalez, C.","contributorId":35494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes-Gonzalez","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022139,"text":"70022139 - 2000 - Transformations in methane hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022139","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transformations in methane hydrates","docAbstract":"Detailed study of pure methane hydrate in a diamond cell with in situ optical, Raman, and x-ray microprobe techniques reveals two previously unknown structures, structure II and structure H, at high pressures. The structure II methane hydrate at 250 MPa has a cubic unit cell of a = 17.158(2) A?? and volume V = 5051.3(13) A??3; structure H at 600 MPa has a hexagonal unit cell of a = 11.980(2) A??, c = 9.992(3) A??, and V = 1241.9(5) A??3. The compositions of these two investigated phases are still not known. With the effects of pressure and the presence of other gases in the structure, the structure II phase is likely to dominate over the known structure I methane hydrate within deep hydrate-bearing sediments underlying continental margins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.250466497","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., Sharma, A., Burruss, R., Shu, J., Mao, H., Hemley, R., Goncharov, A., Stern, L., and Kirby, S.H., 2000, Transformations in methane hydrates: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 97, no. 25, p. 13484-13487, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.250466497.","startPage":"13484","endPage":"13487","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":501659,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":206783,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.250466497"},{"id":230780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6f1e4b08c986b326f5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharma, A.","contributorId":59978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burruss, R.C. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":99574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shu, J.","contributorId":27635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shu","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mao, Ho-kwang","contributorId":24927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"Ho-kwang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hemley, R.J.","contributorId":70118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemley","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goncharov, A.F.","contributorId":12230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goncharov","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70022444,"text":"70022444 - 2000 - Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:58:34","indexId":"70022444","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record","docAbstract":"Data from a sparse network of climate stations in Alaska were interpolated to provide 1-km resolution maps of mean monthly temperature and precipitation-variables that are required at high spatial resolution for input into regional models of ecological processes and resource management. The interpolation model is based on thin-plate smoothing splines, which uses the spatial data along with a digital elevation model to incorporate local topography. The model provides maps that are consistent with regional climatology and with patterns recognized by experienced weather forecasters. The broad patterns of Alaskan climate are well represented and include latitudinal and altitudinal trends in temperature and precipitation and gradients in continentality. Variations within these broad patterns reflect both the weakening and reduction in frequency of low-pressure centres in their eastward movement across southern Alaska during the summer, and the shift of the storm tracks into central and northern Alaska in late summer. Not surprisingly, apparent artifacts of the interpolated climate occur primarily in regions with few or no stations. The interpolation model did not accurately represent low-level winter temperature inversions that occur within large valleys and basins. Along with well-recognized climate patterns, the model captures local topographic effects that would not be depicted using standard interpolation techniques. This suggests that similar procedures could be used to generate high-resolution maps for other high-latitude regions with a sparse density of data.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06008.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Fleming, M.D., Chapin, F.S., Cramer, W., Hufford, G.L., and Serreze, M.C., 2000, Geographic patterns and dynamics of Alaskan climate interpolated from a sparse station record: Global Change Biology, v. 6, no. S1, p. 49-58, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06008.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06008.x"}],"volume":"6","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a177de4b0c8380cd55506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, Michael D.","contributorId":98816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapin, F. Stuart III","contributorId":65632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cramer, W.","contributorId":102231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hufford, Gary L.","contributorId":78502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hufford","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Serreze, Mark C.","contributorId":98491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serreze","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022138,"text":"70022138 - 2000 - Mortality and kidney histopathology of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exposed to virulent and attenuated Renibacterium salmoninarum strains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T10:04:06","indexId":"70022138","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality and kidney histopathology of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exposed to virulent and attenuated Renibacterium salmoninarum strains","docAbstract":"An isolate of Renibacterium salmoninarum (strain MT 239) exhibiting reduced virulence in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was tested for its ability to cause bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, a salmonid species more susceptible to BKD. Juvenile chinook salmon were exposed to either 33209, the American Type Culture Collection type strain of R. salmoninarum, or to MT 239, by an intraperitoneal injection of 1 ?? 103 or 1 ?? 106 bacteria fish-1, or by a 24 h immersion in 1 ?? 105 or 1 ?? 107 bacteria ml-1. For 22 wk fish were held in 12??C water and monitored for mortality. Fish were sampled periodically for histological examination of kidney tissues. In contrast to fish exposed to the high dose of strain 33209 by either injection or immersion, none of the fish exposed to strain MT 239 by either route exhibited gross clinical signs or histopathological changes indicative of BKD. However, the MT 239 strain was detected by the direct fluorescent antibody technique in 4 fish that died up to 11 wk after the injection challenge and in 5 fish that died up to 20 wk after the immersion challenge. Viable MT 239 was isolated in culture from 3 fish that died up to 13 wk after the immersion challenge. Total mortality in groups injected with the high dose of strain MT 239 (12%) was also significantly lower (p < 0.05) than mortality in groups injected with strain 33209 (73%). These data indicate that the attenuated virulence observed with MT 239 in rainbow trout also occurs in a salmonid species highly susceptible to BKD. The reasons for the attenuated virulence of MT 239 were not determined but may be related to the reduced levels of the putative virulence protein p57 associated with this strain.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"O'Farrell, C., Elliott, D., and Landolt, M., 2000, Mortality and kidney histopathology of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exposed to virulent and attenuated Renibacterium salmoninarum strains: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 43, no. 3, p. 199-209.","productDescription":"p.199-209","startPage":"199","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265886,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao/43/d043p199.pdf"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e6be4b0c8380cd70a1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Farrell, C. L.","contributorId":44689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Farrell","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landolt, M.L.","contributorId":73148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landolt","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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