Experimentally initiated epidemics of infectious pancreatic necrosis in rainbow-trout fry were analyzed using a modification of the standard mathematical model for a simple propagative epidemic. Contrary to expectations, the value of the transmission parameter (β) was inversely related to initial density of susceptible hosts. This anomaly can be explained if we assume that the experimental epidemics were point-source rather than propagative epidemics. The implications of this conclusion for modeling experimental and natural epidemics are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5877(00)00176-8","usgsCitation":"Smith, G., Bebak, J., and McAllister, P.E., 2000, Experimental infectious pancreatic necrosis infections: propagative or point-source epidemic?: Preventive Veterinary Medicine, v. 47, no. 4, p. 221-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(00)00176-8.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5877(00)00176-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f922b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G.","contributorId":52918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bebak, J.","contributorId":31704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bebak","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014972,"text":"1014972 - 2000 - Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:15","indexId":"1014972","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1888,"text":"Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Newsletter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"01-047/NF","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., 2000, Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area: Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Newsletter, v. 5, p. 6-8.","productDescription":"p. 6-8","startPage":"6","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624f5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022271,"text":"70022271 - 2000 - Functional groups and elemental analyses of cuticular morphotypes of Cordaites principalis (Germar) Geinitz, Carboniferous Maritimes Basin, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70022271","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional groups and elemental analyses of cuticular morphotypes of Cordaites principalis (Germar) Geinitz, Carboniferous Maritimes Basin, Canada","docAbstract":"Well-preserved cuticles were isolated from Cordaites principalis (Germar) Geinitz leaf compressions, i.e., foliage from extinct gymnosperm trees Coniferophyta: Order Cordaitales. The specimens were collected from the Sydney. Stellarton and Bay St. George subbasins of the once extensive Carboniferous Maritimes Basin of Atlantic Canada. Fourier transformation of infrared spectra (FTIR) and elemental analyses indicate that the ca. 300-306-million-year-old fossil cuticles share many of the functional groups observed in modern cuticles. The similarities of the functional groups in each of the three cuticular morphotypes studied support the inclusion into a single cordaite-leaf taxon, i.e., C. principalis (Germar), confirming previous morphological investigations. Vitrinite reflectance measurements on coal seams in close proximity to the fossil-bearing sediments reveal that the Bay St. George sample site has the lowest thermal maturity, whereas the sites in Sydney and Stellarton are more mature. IR absorption and elemental analyses of the cordaite compressions corroborate this trend, which suggests that the coalified mesophyll in the leaves follows a maturation path similar to that of vitrinite. Comparison of functional groups of the cordaite cuticles with those from certain pteridosperms previously studied from the Sydney Subbasin shows that in the cordaite cuticles highly conjugated C-O (1632 cm-1) bands dominate over carbonyl stretch that characterizes the pteridosperm cuticles. The differences demonstrate the potential of chemotaxonomy as a valuable tool to assist distinguishing between Carboniferous plant-fossil groups. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00018-5","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Zodrow, E., Mastalerz, M., Orem, W., Simunek, Z., and Bashforth, A., 2000, Functional groups and elemental analyses of cuticular morphotypes of Cordaites principalis (Germar) Geinitz, Carboniferous Maritimes Basin, Canada: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00018-5.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206582,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00018-5"},{"id":230294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1412e4b0c8380cd548c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zodrow, E.L.","contributorId":99328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zodrow","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simunek, Z.","contributorId":43523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simunek","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bashforth, A.R.","contributorId":85351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bashforth","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022154,"text":"70022154 - 2000 - Overview of Pacific Island carbonate beach systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:52","indexId":"70022154","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Overview of Pacific Island carbonate beach systems","docAbstract":"Beach systems in Pacific Islands are Holocene deposits of reef-dervied and terrigenous sediment. Thus, geologic setting is important in determining the success at which beach systems are established. Generally, older islands exhibit better beach system development. Although modern beach systems are composed of Holocene sediment, development of suitable accommodation space requires more geologic time.","largerWorkTitle":"Carbonate Beaches 2000","conferenceTitle":"Carbonate Beaches 2000","conferenceDate":"5 December 2000 through 8 December 2000","conferenceLocation":"Key Largo, FL","language":"English","isbn":"0784406405","usgsCitation":"Richmond, B.M., 2000, Overview of Pacific Island carbonate beach systems, in Carbonate Beaches 2000, Key Largo, FL, 5 December 2000 through 8 December 2000, p. 218-228.","startPage":"218","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71e5e4b0c8380cd76808","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Magoon O TRobbins L LEwing LMagoon O TRobbins L LEwing L","contributorId":128363,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Magoon O TRobbins L LEwing LMagoon O TRobbins L LEwing L","id":536478,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, B. M.","contributorId":67902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022376,"text":"70022376 - 2000 - Organic matter sources and rehabilitation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T15:01:48","indexId":"70022376","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic matter sources and rehabilitation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA)","docAbstract":"1. The Sacramento San Joaquin River Delta, a complex mosaic of tidal freshwater habitats in California, is the focus of a major ecosystem rehabilitation effort because of significant long-term changes in critical ecosystem functions. One of these functions is the production, transport and transformation of organic matter that constitutes the primary food supply, which may be sub-optimal at trophic levels supporting fish recruitment. A long historical data set is used to define the most important organic matter sources, the factors underlying their variability, and the implications of ecosystem rehabilitation actions for these sources. 2. Tributary-borne loading is the largest organic carbon source on an average annual Delta-wide basis; phytoplankton production and agricultural drainage are secondary; wastewater treatment plant discharge, tidal marsh drainage and possibly aquatic macrophyte production are tertiary; and benthic microalgal production, urban run-off and other sources are negligible. 3. Allochthonous dissolved organic carbon must be converted to particulate form - with losses due to hydraulic flushing and to heterotroph growth inefficiency - before it becomes available to the metazoan food web. When these losses are accounted for, phytoplankton production plays a much larger role than is evident from a simple accounting of bulk organic carbon sources, especially in seasons critical for larval development and recruitment success. Phytoplankton-derived organic matter is also an important component of particulate loading to the Delta. 4. The Delta is a net producer of organic matter in critically dry years but, because of water diversion from the Delta, transport of organic matter from the Delta to important, downstream nursery areas in San Francisco Bay is always less than transport into the Delta from upstream sources. 5. Of proposed rehabilitation measures, increased use of floodplains probably offers the biggest increase in organic matter sources. 6. An isolated diversion facility - channelling water from the Sacramento River around the Delta to the water projects - would result in substantial loading increases during winter and autumn, but little change in spring and summer when food availability probably matters most to developing organisms. 7. Flow and fish barriers in the channel could have significant effects, especially on phytoplankton sources and in dry years, by eliminating 'short-circuits' in the transport of organic matter to diversion points. 8. Finally, productivity of intentionally flooded islands probably would exceed that of adjacent channels because of lower turbidity and shallower mean depth, although vascular plants rather than phytoplankton could dominate if depths were too shallow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/1099-0755(200009/10)10:5<323::AID-AQC417>3.0.CO;2-J","issn":"10527613","usgsCitation":"Jassby, A., and Cloern, J.E., 2000, Organic matter sources and rehabilitation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA): Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 10, no. 5, p. 323-352, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0755(200009/10)10:5<323::AID-AQC417>3.0.CO;2-J.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.81591796875,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -123.81591796875,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -123.81591796875,\n 36.56260003738545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fcae4b0c8380cd75c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jassby, A.D.","contributorId":43798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015025,"text":"1015025 - 2000 - Effects of disease, dispersal, and area on bighorn sheep restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T11:11:09","indexId":"1015025","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of disease, dispersal, and area on bighorn sheep restoration","docAbstract":"We simulated population dynamics of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) inhabiting six discrete habitat patches in the Badlands ecosystem, South Dakota. Modeled populations were subjected to a range of potential management actions and rates of disease-causing infection. Simulated disease varied in severity from mild (∼12% mortality) to severe (∼67% mortality), with infections imposed once, at regular intervals, or with a fixed probability each year. In the absence of disease, 200-year extinction rates were uniformly low and insensitive to changes in colonization rate or area of suitable habitat. A single infection, accompanied by change in the area of suitable habitat or colonization rate, resulted in extinction rates of up to 40%, and large changes in average population size (up to 10-fold with changes in area; 4-fold with changes in colonization rate). Simulations with multiple infections, which are probably most realistic, generally resulted in extinction rates that exceeded 20% over a 200-year period. Model results clearly showed that efforts directed toward reducing the frequency or severity of disease are of highest priority for improving the success of attempts to restore bighorn sheep populations. Increases in areas of suitable habitat or improvements to corridors between existing habitat patches were far less likely to improve persistence of simulated sheep populations than reductions in the impact of disease. Although theory predicts that enhanced movements may exacerbate effects of disease, increased colonization rates resulted in relatively small but consistent increases in persistence and average population size for all combinations of parameters we examined.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80063.x","usgsCitation":"Gross, J., Singer, F.J., and Moses, M., 2000, Effects of disease, dispersal, and area on bighorn sheep restoration: Restoration Ecology, v. 8, no. 4S, p. 25-37, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80063.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gross, J.E.","contributorId":95845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moses, M.E.","contributorId":57412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moses","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022458,"text":"70022458 - 2000 - Coyote, Canis latrans, use of commercial sunflower, Helianthus spp., Seeds as a food source in western Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T14:14:24","indexId":"70022458","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coyote, Canis latrans, use of commercial sunflower, Helianthus spp., Seeds as a food source in western Kansas","docAbstract":"Food habits of Coyotes (Canis latrans) were determined by analysis of scats collected in western Kansas in 1996. Mammals were the most frequently occurring food of Coyotes (100% of scats), followed by plants (39%), insects (30%) and birds (9%). Commercial sunflower (Helianthus spp.) seeds were found in 9 of 23 scats. When present, they composed a high volume of individual scats (X= 31%). Substantial use of commercial sunflower seeds as a food source by Coyotes has not been previously documented.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Sovada, M., Telesco, D., and Roy, C., 2000, Coyote, Canis latrans, use of commercial sunflower, Helianthus spp., Seeds as a food source in western Kansas: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 114, no. 4, p. 697-699.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"697","endPage":"699","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc93e4b0c8380cd4e31c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sovada, M.A.","contributorId":54534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Telesco, D.J.","contributorId":61983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Telesco","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, C.C.","contributorId":30589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022469,"text":"70022469 - 2000 - Data report: Effects of drying methods and temperatures on water content and porosity of sediment from the Blake Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T13:33:02","indexId":"70022469","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Data report: Effects of drying methods and temperatures on water content and porosity of sediment from the Blake Ridge","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","language":"English","issn":"08845891","usgsCitation":"Winters, W., 2000, Data report: Effects of drying methods and temperatures on water content and porosity of sediment from the Blake Ridge, in Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, v. 164, p. 431-434.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"434","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Blake Ridge","volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdb5e4b0c8380cd4e929","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, W.J.","contributorId":49796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022350,"text":"70022350 - 2000 - Etiology and pathogenesis of skin ulcers in menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannis: does Pfiesteria piscicida play a role?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70022350","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Etiology and pathogenesis of skin ulcers in menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannis: does Pfiesteria piscicida play a role?","docAbstract":"The toxic dinoflagellate, Pfiesteria piscicida, is widely blamed for adverse human health effects, acute fish kills and skin lesion events in fishes, particularly menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannis, inhabiting coastal waters from Delaware to North Carolina, USA. In response, we initiated studies to clarify the etiology and pathogenesis of presumed 'Pfiesteria-specific' menhaden skin lesions. Histopathologically, all lesions (>150 fish examined) were associated with a highly invasive and pathogenic fungus eliciting severe tissue necrosis and intense granulomatous inflammation. Severity and extent of the host response indicates that ulcers were at least 1 week old or older. Maryland and Virginia currently use menhaden ulcers as one of several indicators of local Pfiesteria activity. However, their chronic nature, advanced age, and consistent fungal involvement suggest that their use for this purpose may not be valid. We recently isolated an Aphanomyces sp. from the menhaden lesions which by appearance in culture, temperature growth curves, pathogenicity studies in snakehead and positive immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal antibodies suggest the infectious agent is A. invadans (cause of epizootic ulcerative syndrome in Asia, Japan and Australia) or a very closely related species. Ongoing research will address pathogenicity of the fungus in menhaden, genetic comparisons of isolates, and the role of environmental stressors, including P. piscicida, in initiation of the infection. Copyright (C) 2000.","largerWorkTitle":"Marine Environmental Research","language":"English","issn":"01411136","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Vogelbein, W.K., Densmore, C., Kator, H., Zwerner, D., and Lilley, J., 2000, Etiology and pathogenesis of skin ulcers in menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannis: does Pfiesteria piscicida play a role?, in Marine Environmental Research, v. 50, no. 1-5, p. 487-488.","startPage":"487","endPage":"488","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bcae4b0c8380cd52896","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, V. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":6799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogelbein, W. K.","contributorId":72745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vogelbein","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Densmore, C.","contributorId":76087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kator, H.","contributorId":90672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kator","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zwerner, D.","contributorId":102226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwerner","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lilley, J.","contributorId":11365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilley","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1015029,"text":"1015029 - 2000 - Application of the new keystone-species concept to prairie dogs: How well does it work?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T10:07:28","indexId":"1015029","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the new keystone-species concept to prairie dogs: How well does it work?","docAbstract":"It has been suggested that the keystone-species concept should be dropped from ecology and conservation, primarily because the concept is poorly defined. This prompted Power et al. (1996) to refine the definition: keystone species have large effects on community structure or ecosystem function (i.e., high overall importance), and this effect should be large relative to abundance (i.e., high community importance). Using prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) as an example, I review operational and conceptual difficulties encountered in applying this definition. As applied to prairie dogs, the implicit assumption that overall importance is a linear function of abundance is invalid. In addition, community importance is sensitive to abundance levels, the definition of community, and sampling scale. These problems arise largely from the equation for community importance, as used in conjunction with removal experiments at single abundance levels. I suggest that we shift from the current emphasis on the dualism between keystone and nonkeystone species and instead examine how overall and community importance vary (1) with abundance, (2) across spatial and temporal scales, and (3) under diverse ecological conditions. In addition, I propose that a third criterion be incorporated into the definition: keystone species perform roles not performed by other species or processes. Examination of how these factors vary among populations of keystone species should help identify the factors contributing to, or limiting, keystone-level functions, thereby increasing the usefulness of the keystone-species concept in ecology and conservation. Although the quantitative framework of Power et al. falls short of being fully operational, my conceptual guidelines may improve the usefulness of the keystone-species concept. Careful attention to the factors that limit keystone function will help avoid misplaced emphasis on keystone species at the expense of other species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2000.98384.x","usgsCitation":"Kotliar, N., 2000, Application of the new keystone-species concept to prairie dogs: How well does it work?: Conservation Biology, v. 14, no. 6, p. 1715-1721, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2000.98384.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1715","endPage":"1721","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a5de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kotliar, N.B.","contributorId":7649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015021,"text":"1015021 - 2000 - Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for transforming growth factor-β applied to a field study of fish health in Chesapeake Bay tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-17T16:23:42.363209","indexId":"1015021","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for transforming growth factor-β applied to a field study of fish health in Chesapeake Bay tributaries","docAbstract":"Fish morbidity and mortality events in Chesapeake Bay tributaries have aroused concern over the health of this important aquatic ecosystem. We applied a recently described method for quantifying mRNA of an immunosuppressive cytokine, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), by reverse transcription quantitative-competitive polymerase chain reaction to a field study of fish health in the Chesapeake Basin, and compared the results to those of a traditional cellular immunoassay macrophage bactericidal activity. We selected the white perch (Morone americana) as the sentinel fish species because of its abundance at all of the collection sites. White perch were sampled from Chesapeake Bay tributaries in June, August, and October 1998. Splenic mononuclear cell TGF-β mRNA levels increased and anterior kidney macrophage bactericidal activity decreased, particularly in eastern shore tributaries, from June to August and October. The results of the two assays correlated inversely (Kendall's τ b = -0.600; p = 0.0102). The results indicated both temporal and spatial modulation of white perch immune systems in the Chesapeake Basin, and demonstrated the utility of quantitative PCR for TGF-β as a molecular biomarker for field assessment of teleost fish immune status.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Institutes of Health","doi":"10.1289/ehp.00108447","usgsCitation":"Harms, C.A., Ottinger, C.A., Blazer, V., Densmore, C.L., Pieper, L.H., and Kennedy-Stoskopf, S., 2000, Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for transforming growth factor-β applied to a field study of fish health in Chesapeake Bay tributaries: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 108, no. 5, p. 447-452, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.00108447.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"452","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.00108447","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Back River, Chesapeake Bay, Choptank River, Pocomoke River, Wicomico River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.277587890625,\n 36.55377524336089\n ],\n [\n -74.849853515625,\n 36.55377524336089\n ],\n [\n -74.849853515625,\n 40.59727063442024\n ],\n [\n -78.277587890625,\n 40.59727063442024\n ],\n [\n -78.277587890625,\n 36.55377524336089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a87e4b07f02db64e806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harms, Craig A.","contributorId":59759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harms","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ottinger, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2551-1985 cottinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":2559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Christopher","email":"cottinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":149414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Densmore, Christine L.","contributorId":18316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pieper, Laurence H.","contributorId":44876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieper","given":"Laurence","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne","contributorId":18319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy-Stoskopf","given":"Suzanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022203,"text":"70022203 - 2000 - Carbon dioxide from coal combustion: Variation with rank of US coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022203","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide from coal combustion: Variation with rank of US coal","docAbstract":"Carbon dioxide from combustion of US coal systematically varies with ASTM rank indices, allowing the amount of CO2 produced per net unit of energy to be predicted for individual coals. No single predictive equation is applicable to all coals. Accordingly, we provide one equation for coals above high volatile bituminous rank and another for lower rank coals. When applied to public data for commercial coals from western US mines these equations show a 15% variation of kg CO2 (net GJ)-1. This range of variation suggests reduction of US CO2 emissions is possible by prudent selection of coal for combustion. Maceral and mineral content are shown to slightly affect CO2 emissions from US coal. We also suggest that CO2 emissions increased between 6 and 8% in instances where Midwestern US power plants stopped burning local, high-sulfur bituminous coal and started burning low-sulfur, subbituminous C rank coal from the western US.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fuel","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00197-0","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Quick, J., and Glick, D., 2000, Carbon dioxide from coal combustion: Variation with rank of US coal: Fuel, v. 79, no. 7, p. 803-812, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00197-0.","startPage":"803","endPage":"812","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206643,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00197-0"},{"id":230447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f360e4b0c8380cd4b76b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quick, J.C.","contributorId":80848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glick, D.C.","contributorId":78906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glick","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022338,"text":"70022338 - 2000 - Nano-metrology and terrain modelling - convergent practice in surface characterisation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022338","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3654,"text":"Tribology International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nano-metrology and terrain modelling - convergent practice in surface characterisation","docAbstract":"The quantification of magnetic-tape and disk topography has a macro-scale counterpart in the Earth sciences - terrain modelling, the numerical representation of relief and pattern of the ground surface. The two practices arose independently and continue to function separately. This methodological paper introduces terrain modelling, discusses its similarities to and differences from industrial surface metrology, and raises the possibility of a unified discipline of quantitative surface characterisation. A brief discussion of an Earth-science problem, subdividing a heterogeneous terrain surface from a set of sample measurements, exemplifies a multivariate statistical procedure that may transfer to tribological applications of 3-D metrological height data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tribology International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0301-679X(00)00075-X","issn":"0301679X","usgsCitation":"Pike, R., 2000, Nano-metrology and terrain modelling - convergent practice in surface characterisation: Tribology International, v. 33, no. 9, p. 593-600, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-679X(00)00075-X.","startPage":"593","endPage":"600","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206749,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-679X(00)00075-X"},{"id":230713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6181e4b0c8380cd719d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, R.J.","contributorId":72814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022279,"text":"70022279 - 2000 - Solid-solution solubilities and thermodynamics: Sulfates, carbonates and halides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T07:46:48","indexId":"70022279","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solid-solution solubilities and thermodynamics: Sulfates, carbonates and halides","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2000.40.10","issn":"15296466","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P., 2000, Solid-solution solubilities and thermodynamics: Sulfates, carbonates and halides: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 40, no. 1, p. 480-511, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2000.40.10.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"511","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b923be4b08c986b319d8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, P.","contributorId":56394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015002,"text":"1015002 - 2000 - Effect of dietary ingredient substition on dorsal fin erosion of steelhead","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T17:46:05.614289","indexId":"1015002","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of dietary ingredient substition on dorsal fin erosion of steelhead","docAbstract":"A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing a diet based on hydrolyzed fish meal with either 6% chitin (as ground krill shell), 6% squid meal, or 200 mg carotenoid pigment (canthaxanthin) per kilogram on dorsal fin erosion in juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss. Three hundred fry in triplicate tanks were fed one of the four test diets, and 300 fry in a single tank were fed a commercial trout starter diet. The feeding trial was conducted for 15 weeks at a water temperature of 15°C. Growth was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for fish fed the diet containing chitin than for those fed other feeds. Dorsal fin index (100 × mean dorsal fin height/total fish length) was similar among fish consuming the hydrolyzed fish meal diets but lower for fish consuming the commercial formulation. Results suggest that removal of bones from fish meal may influence dorsal fin condition in steelhead, perhaps through altered dietary mineral composition or form.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8454(2000)062<0135:EODISO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lellis, W., and Barrows, F., 2000, Effect of dietary ingredient substition on dorsal fin erosion of steelhead: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 62, no. 2, p. 135-138, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8454(2000)062<0135:EODISO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625871","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrows, F.T.","contributorId":94998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015072,"text":"1015072 - 2000 - Translocations as a tool for restoring populations of bighorn sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T16:22:19","indexId":"1015072","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Translocations as a tool for restoring populations of bighorn sheep","docAbstract":"We analyzed factors that contributed to the success of 100 translocations of bighorn sheep within six western states between 1923 and 1997. We categorized the populations as unsuccessful (i.e., extirpated or remnant, <29 animals), moderately successful (30–99 animals), and successful (100–350 animals) by the end of the study period in 1997. Thirty of the translocated populations were unsuccessful (n = 13 were extirpated and n = 17 were remnant), 29 were moderately successful, and 41 were successful (21 ± 1.3 [SE] years of information per translocation). Translocations were less successful when domestic sheep were located within 6 km of the known bighorn sheep use areas (logistic regression, p = 0.052). Grazing of cattle on the same range also negatively influenced success (p = 0.004). Use of indigenous versus previously translocated source stocks increased success (p = 0.084). The translocation was twice as likely to be successful when indigenous herds were used as sources (p = 0.043), but mixing genetic stocks (p = 0.381) or later additional augmentations did not influence success (p = 0.095). Annual migrations by newly established translocated populations increased success (p = 0.014). We recommend translocations of founder groups of bighorn sheep from indigenous sources into large patches of habitat that promote movements and migrations, and with no domestic sheep present in the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80061.x","usgsCitation":"Singer, F.J., Papouchis, C., and Symonds, K., 2000, Translocations as a tool for restoring populations of bighorn sheep: Restoration Ecology, v. 8, no. 4S, p. 6-13, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80061.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db626d51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papouchis, C.M.","contributorId":36080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papouchis","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Symonds, K.K.","contributorId":18710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symonds","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015128,"text":"1015128 - 2000 - Test of a modified habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T16:23:33","indexId":"1015128","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Test of a modified habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep","docAbstract":"Translocation of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is time, labor, and cost intensive and, therefore, high levels of success are desirable. We tested a widely used habitat suitability model against translocation success and then modified it to include additional factors which improved its usefulness in predicting appropriate translocation sites. The modified Smith habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep was 64% accurate in predicting success or failure of 32 translocations of bighorn sheep into the Rocky Mountains, Colorado Plateau desert, and prairie-badlands of six states. We had sheep location data for 13 populations, and the modified habitat model predicted the areas used by bighorn sheep with greater than 90% accuracy in eight populations, greater than 55% accuracy in four populations, and less than 55% accuracy in one population. Translocations were more successful when sheep were placed into discrete habitat patches containing a high proportion of lambing period habitat (>10% of suitable habitat, p = 0.05), where animals had a migratory tendency ( p = 0.02), no contact with domestic sheep ( p = 0.02), or greater distance to domestic sheep (>23 km, p = 0.02). Rate of population growth was best predicted by area of lambing period habitat, potential area of winter range, and distance to domestic sheep. We retested the model using these refined criteria and the refined model then predicted success or failure of these 32 translocated populations with 82% accuracy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80064.x","usgsCitation":"Zeigenfuss, L., Singer, F.J., and Gudorf, M., 2000, Test of a modified habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep: Restoration Ecology, v. 8, no. 4S, p. 38-46, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80064.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684c2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeigenfuss, L. C.","contributorId":69089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"L. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gudorf, M.A.","contributorId":92205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gudorf","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015020,"text":"1015020 - 2000 - Biomarker response and health of polychlorinated biphenyl- and chlordane-contaminated paddlefish from the Ohio River Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T18:23:03.961975","indexId":"1015020","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomarker response and health of polychlorinated biphenyl- and chlordane-contaminated paddlefish from the Ohio River Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Fifty paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) collected from two sites on the Ohio River and from one site on the Cumberland River, USA, were examined to determine gonad polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and chlordane concentrations, amounts of plasma sex steroids (testosterone and estradiol), hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, and the presence of immunoreactive cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) protein. Percent hatch and liver, spleen, and kidney histology were also determined. Gonad PCB and chlordane concentrations were significantly higher in Ohio River paddlefish than in Cumberland River paddlefish. Gonad PCB and chlordane concentration and gonad percent lipid were correlated in Ohio River paddlefish. Five of 10 Ohio River egg samples exceeded the Food and Drug Administration's action limit for chlordane (0.30 μg/g). Polychlorinated biphenyl congener-specific analysis detected predominantly the tetra-, penta-, and hexachlorobiphenyls in paddlefish testes. Plasma testosterone levels were significantly lower in males collected from the upper Ohio River site than those collected from the lower part of the river. There was no measurable hepatic microsomal EROD activity in any of the 50 paddlefish collected from the three sites. Western blotting analysis confirmed that a rabbit antitrout CYP1A1 IgG antibody did not recognize a CYP1A protein in paddlefish liver microsomes. Percent hatch was not significantly different in eggs collected from the Cumberland (88–96%) and Ohio Rivers (90–95%). Histological analysis of liver, spleen, and kidney detected the presence of hepatic steatosis and hemosiderosis, splenic lymphoid cell depletion, and hyperplasia of interrenal and chromaffin tissues. Immunosuppression, hepatic metabolic disorders, and altered neuroendocrine function may be occurring in Ohio River paddlefish. Results presented here suggest that organochlorine exposure may be jeopardizing the long-term health of Ohio River paddlefish and that additional investigation of contaminant effects on immune system function and hormone levels in paddlefish is warranted.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620190918","usgsCitation":"Gunderson, D., Miller, R., Mischler, A., Elpers, K., Mims, S., Millar, J., and Blazer, V., 2000, Biomarker response and health of polychlorinated biphenyl- and chlordane-contaminated paddlefish from the Ohio River Basin, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 9, p. 2275-2285, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190918.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2275","endPage":"2285","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n 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A.","contributorId":103623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mischler","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elpers, K.","contributorId":100802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elpers","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mims, S.D.","contributorId":50110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mims","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Millar, J.G.","contributorId":107236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millar","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Blazer, V. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":6799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1015071,"text":"1015071 - 2000 - Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T21:39:07","indexId":"1015071","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes","docAbstract":"Woody riparian vegetation in western North American riparian ecosystems is commonly dependent on alluvial groundwater. Various natural and anthropogenic mechanisms can cause groundwater declines that stress riparian vegetation, but little quantitative information exists on the nature of plant response to different magnitudes, rates, and durations of groundwater decline. We observed groundwater dynamics and the response of Populus fremontii, Salix gooddingii, and Tamarix ramosissima saplings at 3 sites between 1995 and 1997 along the Bill Williams River, Arizona. At a site where the lowest observed groundwater level in 1996 (-1.97 m) was 1.11 m lower than that in 1995 (-0.86 m), 92-100% of Populus and Salix saplings died, whereas 0-13% of Tamarix stems died. A site with greater absolute water table depths in 1996 (-2.55 m), but less change from the 1995 condition (0.55 m), showed less Populus and Salix mortality and increased basal area. Excavations of sapling roots suggest that root distribution is related to groundwater history. Therefore, a decline in water table relative to the condition under which roots developed may strand plant roots where they cannot obtain sufficient moisture. Plant response is likely mediated by other factors such as soil texture and stratigraphy, availability of precipitation-derived soil moisture, physiological and morphological adaptations to water stress, and tree age. An understanding of the relationships between water table declines and plant response may enable land and water managers to avoid activities that are likely to stress desirable riparian vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P., Stromberg, J., and Patten, D., 2000, Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes: Western North American Naturalist, v. 60, no. 1, p. 66-76.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"76","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15001,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41717015"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545482","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stromberg, J.C.","contributorId":81455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patten, D.T.","contributorId":15955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patten","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015068,"text":"1015068 - 2000 - Genetic bottlenecks resulting from restoration efforts: The case of bighorn sheep in Badlands National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T09:38:57","indexId":"1015068","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic bottlenecks resulting from restoration efforts: The case of bighorn sheep in Badlands National Park","docAbstract":"Using the example of a reintroduced bighorn sheep population in Badlands National Park, South Dakota we demonstrate the usefulness of neutrality tests and demographic data for detecting a severe genetic bottleneck (Ne < 10). From demographic data the effective population size of the founding population at Badlands was estimated to be six, and a heterozygosity excess test revealed evidence of a severe population bottleneck. We discuss the criteria for intervention when there is evidence of a severe bottleneck, and propose methods of mitigating the potentially deleterious long-term consequences of such bottlenecks. These issues are presented in the context of bighorn sheep reintroductions, but the issues are also of general importance to restoration efforts involving other large vertebrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80069.x","usgsCitation":"Ramey, R., Luikart, G., and Singer, F.J., 2000, Genetic bottlenecks resulting from restoration efforts: The case of bighorn sheep in Badlands National Park: Restoration Ecology, v. 8, no. 4S, p. 85-90, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80069.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Badlands National Park","volume":"8","issue":"4S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, R.R. II","contributorId":10374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luikart, G.","contributorId":25515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luikart","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015067,"text":"1015067 - 2000 - An approach for assessment of water quality using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and bioindicator tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-20T12:26:05","indexId":"1015067","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An approach for assessment of water quality using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and bioindicator tests","docAbstract":"As an integral part of our continued development of water quality assessment approaches, we combined integrative sampling, instrumental analysis of widely occurring anthropogenic contaminants, and the application of a suite of bioindicator tests as a specific part of a broader survey of ecological conditions, species diversity, and habitat quality in the Santa Cruz River in Arizona, USA. Lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were employed to sequester waterborne hydrophobic chemicals. Instrumental analysis and a suite of bioindicator tests were used to determine the presence and potential toxicological relevance of mixtures of bioavailable chemicals in two major water sources of the Santa Cruz River. The SPMDs were deployed at two sites; the effluent weir of the International Wastewater Treatment Plant (IWWTP) and the Nogales Wash. Both of these systems empty into the Santa Cruz River and the IWWTP effluent is a potential source of water for a constructed wetland complex. Analysis of the SPMD sample extracts revealed the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The bioindicator tests demonstrated increased liver enzyme activity, perturbation of neurotransmitter systems and potential endocrine disrupting effects (vitellogenin induction) in fish exposed to the extracts. With increasing global demands on limited water resources, the approach described herein provides an assessment paradigm applicable to determining the quality of water in a broad range of aquatic systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00499-3","usgsCitation":"Petty, J.D., Jones, S., Huckins, J., Cranor, W., Parris, J., McTague, T., and Boyle, T., 2000, An approach for assessment of water quality using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and bioindicator tests: Chemosphere, v. 41, no. 3, p. 311-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00499-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6855c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petty, J. 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America\"}}]}","volume":"28","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f86e4b0c8380cd645c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Hongfang","contributorId":92635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Hongfang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Follmer, L.R.","contributorId":19294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Follmer","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chao-li, Liu J. J.","contributorId":24519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao-li","given":"Liu","suffix":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022617,"text":"70022617 - 2000 - Subtidal currents over the central California slope: Evidence for offshore veering of the undercurrent and for direct, wind-driven slope currents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70022617","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subtidal currents over the central California slope: Evidence for offshore veering of the undercurrent and for direct, wind-driven slope currents","docAbstract":"In February 1991, an array of six current-meter moorings was deployed for one year across the central California outer shelf and slope. The main line of the array extended 30 km offshore of the shelf break, out to water depths of 1400 m. A more sparsely-instrumented line, displaced 30 km to the northwest, extended 14 km offshore. Though shorter, the northern line spanned similar water depths because the gradient of the topography steepened in the northern region. A poleward flow pattern, typical of the California undercurrent, was seen across both lines in the array over most of the year. The poleward flow was surface intensified. In general, the portion of the undercurrent that crossed the southern line had larger amplitudes and penetrated more deeply into the water column than the portion that crossed the northern line. Transport over the year ranged from 0 to 2.5 Sverdrups (Sv) poleward across the southern line; 0 to 1 Sv poleward across the northern line. We suggest the difference in transport was caused by topographic constraints, which tended to force the poleward flow offshore of the northern measurement sites. The slope of the topography steepened too abruptly to allow the poleward flow to follow isobaths when currents were strong. When current velocities lessened, a more coherent flow pattern was seen across both lines in the array. In general, the poleward flow patterns in the undercurrent were not affected by local winds or by the local alongshore pressure gradient. Nor was a strong seasonal pattern evident. Rather unexpectedly, a small but statistically significant fraction of the current variance over the mid- and outer slope was driven by the surface wind stress. An alongshelf wind stress caused currents to flow along the slope, parallel to the wind field, down to depths of 400 m below the surface and out to distances of 2 Rossby radii past the shelf break. The transfer functions were weak, 3-4 cm/s per dyn cm-2, but comparable to wind-driven current amplitudes of 4-6 cm/s per unit wind stress over the middle shelf. Equatorward, alongshelf winds also caused water from 200-300 m over the slope to upwell onto the shelf as the surface water moved offshore.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00130-7","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Noble, M., and Ramp, S., 2000, Subtidal currents over the central California slope: Evidence for offshore veering of the undercurrent and for direct, wind-driven slope currents: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 47, no. 5-6, p. 871-906, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00130-7.","startPage":"871","endPage":"906","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00130-7"},{"id":230396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d99e4b08c986b31d93b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noble, M.A.","contributorId":93513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramp, S.R.","contributorId":32554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramp","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}