A recent study by the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) shows that a broad range of chemicals found in residential, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters commonly occurs in mixtures at low concentrations downstream from areas of intense urbanization and animal production. The chemicals include human and veterinary drugs (including antibiotics), natural and synthetic hormones, detergent metabolites, plasticizers, insecticides, and fire retardants. One or more of these chemicals were found in 80 percent of the streams sampled. Half of the streams contained 7 or more of these chemicals, and about one-third of the streams contained 10 or more of these chemicals. This study is the first national-scale examination of these organic wastewater contaminants in streams and supports the USGS mission to assess the quantity and quality of the Nation's water resources. A more complete analysis of these and other emerging water-quality issues is ongoing.
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hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32737,"text":"fs04602 - 2002 - The Black Hills Hydrology 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Daniel G. dgdrisco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Daniel","email":"dgdrisco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williamson, Joyce E. jewillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":1964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Joyce E.","email":"jewillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":39963,"text":"wri024003 - 2002 - Geohydrology of a deep-aquifer system monitoring-well site at Marina, Monterey County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T15:22:36.058168","indexId":"wri024003","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4003","title":"Geohydrology of a deep-aquifer system monitoring-well site at Marina, Monterey County, California","docAbstract":"In 2000, a deep-aquifer system monitoring-well site (DMW1) was completed at Marina, California to provide basic geologic and hydrologic information about the deep-aquifer system in the coastal region of the Salinas Valley. The monitoring-well site contains four wells in a single borehole; one completed from 930 to 950 feet below land surface (bls) in the Paso Robles Formation (DMW1-4); one 1,040 to 1,060 feet below land surface in the upper Purisima Formation (DMW1-3); one from 1,410 to 1,430 feet below land surface in the middle Purisima Formation (DMW1-2); and one from 1,820 to 1,860 feet below land surface in the lower Purisima Formation (DMW1-1). The monitoring site is installed between the coast and several deep-aquifer system supply wells in the Marina Coast Water District, and the completion depths are within the zones screened in those supply wells. Sediments below a depth of 955 feet at DMW1 are Pliocene age, whereas the sediments encountered at the water-supply wells are Pleistocene age at an equivalent depth. Water levels are below sea level in DMW1 and the Marina Water District deep-aquifer system supply wells, which indicate that the potential for seawater intrusion exists in the deep-aquifer system. If the aquifers at DMW1 are hydraulically connected with the submarine outcrops in Monterey Bay, then the water levels at the DMW1 site are 8 to 27 feet below the level necessary to prevent seawater intrusion. Numerous thick fine-grained interbeds and confining units in the aquifer systems retard the vertical movement of fresh and saline ground water between aquifers and restrict the movement of seawater to narrow water-bearing zones in the upper-aquifer system.Hydraulic testing of the DMW1 and the Marina Water District supply wells indicates that the tested zones within the deep-aquifer system are transmissive water-bearing units with hydraulic conductivities ranging from 2 to 14.5 feet per day. The hydraulic properties of the supply wells and monitoring wells are similar, even though the wells are completed in different geologic formations.Geophysical logs collected at the DMW1 site indicate saline water in most water-bearing zones shallower than 720 feet below land surface and from about 1,025 to 1,130 feet below land surface, and indicate fresher water from about 910 to 950 feet below land surface (DMW1-4), 1,130 to 1,550 feet below land surface, and below 1,650 feet below land surface. Temporal differences between electromagnetic induction logs indicate possible seasonal seawater intrusion in five water-bearing zones from 350 to 675 feet below land surface in the upper-aquifer system.The water-chemistry analyses from the deep-aquifer system monitoring and supply wells indicate that these deep aquifers in the Marina area contain potable water with the exception of the saline water in well DMW1-3. The saline water from well DMW1-3 has a chloride concentration of 10,800 milligrams per liter and dissolved solids concentration of 23,800 milligrams per liter. The source of this water was determined not to be recent seawater based on geochemical indicators and the age of the ground water. The high salinity of this ground water may be related to the dissolution of salts from the saline marine clays that surround the water-bearing zone screened by DMW1-3. The major ion water chemistry of the monitoring wells and the nearby MCWD water-supply wells are similar, which may indicate they are in hydraulic connection, even though the stratigraphic layers differ below 955 feet below land surface.No tritium was detected in samples from the deep monitoring wells. The lack of tritium suggest that there is no recent recharge water (less than 50 years old) in the deep-aquifer system at the DMW1 site. The carbon-14 analyses of these samples indicate ground water from the monitoring site was recharged thousands of years ago.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024003","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Everett, R., Newhouse, M.W., Crawford, S.M., Pimentel, M.I., and Smith, G.A., 2002, Geohydrology of a deep-aquifer system monitoring-well site at Marina, Monterey County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4003, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024003.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3654,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024003","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394774,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51437.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Monterey County","city":"Marina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.9719,\n 36.5872\n ],\n [\n -121.5556,\n 36.58972\n ],\n [\n -121.5556,\n 36.8392\n ],\n [\n -121.9719,\n 36.8392\n ],\n [\n -121.9719,\n 36.5872\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db5463d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Everett, Rhett R. 0000-0001-7983-6270 reverett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-6270","contributorId":843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"Rhett R.","email":"reverett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":222694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newhouse, Mark W.","contributorId":36181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhouse","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, Steven M.","contributorId":80714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pimentel, M. Isabel","contributorId":54257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pimentel","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Isabel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Gregory A. 0000-0001-8170-9924 gasmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":1520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","email":"gasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":222695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":39859,"text":"fs05902 - 2002 - Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the upper and middle Verde River watershed of central Arizona: A project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-13T22:01:47.726695","indexId":"fs05902","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"059-02","title":"Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the upper and middle Verde River watershed of central Arizona: A project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative","docAbstract":"The upper and middle Verde River watershed in west-central Arizona is an area rich in natural beauty and cultural history and is an increasingly popular destination for tourists, recreationists, and permanent residents seeking its temperate climate. The diverse terrain of the region includes broad desert valleys, upland plains, forested mountain ranges, narrow canyons, and riparian areas along perennial stream reaches. The area is predominantly in Yavapai County, which in 1999 was the fastest-growing rural county in the United States (Woods and Poole Economics, Inc., 1999); by 2050, the population is projected to more than double. Such growth will increase demands on water resources. The domestic, industrial, and recreational interests of the population will need to be balanced against protection of riparian, woodland, and other natural areas and their associated wildlife and aquatic habitats. Sound management decisions will be required that are based on an understanding of the interactions between local and regional aquifers, surface-water bodies, and recharge and discharge areas. This understanding must include the influence of climate, geology, topography, and cultural development on those components of the hydrologic system.
\nIn 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR), initiated a regional investigation of the hydrogeology of the upper and middle Verde River watershed. The project is part of the Rural Watershed Initiative (RWI), a program established by the State of Arizona and managed by the ADWR that addresses water supply issues in rural areas while encouraging participation from stakeholder groups in affected communities. The USGS is performing similar RWI investigations on the Colorado Plateau to the north and in the Mogollon Highlands to the east of the Verde River study area (Parker and Flynn, 2000). The objectives of the RWI investigations are to develop: (1) a single database containing all hydrogeologic data available for the combined areas, (2) an understanding of the geologic units and structures in each area with a focus on how geology influences the storage and movement of ground water, (3) a conceptual model that describes where and how much water enters, flows through, and exits the hydrogeologic system, and (4) a numerical ground-water flow model that can be used to improve understanding of the hydrogeologic system and to test the effects of various scenarios of water-resources development. In 2001, Yavapai County became an additional cooperator in the upper and middle Verde River RWI investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs05902","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources and Yavapai County","usgsCitation":"Woodhouse, B., Flynn, M., Parker, J.T., and Hoffmann, J.P., 2002, Investigation of the geology and hydrology of the upper and middle Verde River watershed of central Arizona: A project of the Arizona Rural Watershed Initiative: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 059-02, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05902.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425620,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52136.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":287691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0059-02/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":287692,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Verde River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.1976,34.3956 ], [ -113.1976,35.8968 ], [ -111.4,35.8968 ], [ -111.4,34.3956 ], [ -113.1976,34.3956 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b2e4b07f02db5310df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodhouse, Betsy","contributorId":92327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Betsy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, John T.C.","contributorId":18766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffmann, John P. jphoffma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"John","email":"jphoffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":222445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":39966,"text":"wri024019 - 2002 - Simulated ground-water flow, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-18T19:29:40","indexId":"wri024019","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4019","title":"Simulated ground-water flow, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024019","usgsCitation":"Lewis-Brown, J., and Rice, D., 2002, Simulated ground-water flow, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4019, 44 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024019.","productDescription":"44 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":67744,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4019/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Trenton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.82376098632812,\n 40.175725518346916\n ],\n [\n -74.71733093261719,\n 40.175725518346916\n ],\n [\n -74.71733093261719,\n 40.26328463366687\n ],\n [\n -74.82376098632812,\n 40.26328463366687\n ],\n [\n -74.82376098632812,\n 40.175725518346916\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f31cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis-Brown, J. C.","contributorId":25225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis-Brown","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, D.E.","contributorId":44188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39967,"text":"wri024022 - 2002 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:59:10","indexId":"wri024022","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4022","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston area, Texas","docAbstract":"In November 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Houston Utilities Planning Section and the City of Houston Department of Public Works & Engineering, began an investigation of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the greater Houston area in Texas to better understand the hydrology, flow, and associated land-surface subsidence. The principal part of the investigation was a numerical finite-difference model (MODFLOW) developed to simulate ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in an 18,100-square-mile area encompassing greater Houston.
The focus of the study was Harris and Galveston Counties, but other counties were included to achieve the appropriate boundary conditions. The model was vertically discretized into three 103-row by 109-column layers resulting in a total of 33,681 grid cells. Layer 1 represents the water table using a specified head, layer 2 represents the Chicot aquifer, and layer 3 represents the Evangeline aquifer.
Simulations were made under transient conditions for 31 ground-water-withdrawal (stress) periods spanning 1891–1996. The years 1977 and 1996 were chosen as potentiometric-surface calibration periods for the model. Simulated and measured potentiometric surfaces of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers for 1977 match closely. Waterlevel measurements indicate that by 1977, large ground-water withdrawals in east-central and southeastern areas of Harris County had caused the potentiometric surfaces to decline as much as 250 feet below sea level in the Chicot aquifer and as much as 350 feet below sea level in the Evangeline aquifer. Simulated and measured potentiometric surfaces of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers for 1996 also match closely. The large potentiometric-surface decline in 1977 in the southeastern Houston area showed significant recovery by 1996. The 1996 centers of potentiometric-surface decline are located much farther northwest. Potentiometric-surface declines of more than 200 feet below sea level in the Chicot aquifer and more than 350 feet below sea level in the Evangeline aquifer were measured in observation wells and simulated in the flow model.
Simulation of land-surface subsidence and water released from storage in the clay layers was accomplished using the Interbed-Storage Package of the MODFLOW model. Land-surface subsidence was calibrated by comparing simulated long-term (1891–1995) and short-term (1978–95) land-surface subsidence with published maps of land-surface subsidence for about the same period until acceptable matches were achieved.
Simulated 1996 Chicot aquifer flow rates indicate that a net flow of 562.5 cubic feet per second enters the Chicot aquifer in the outcrop area, and a net flow of 459.5 cubic feet per second passes through the Chicot aquifer into the Evangeline aquifer. The remaining 103.0 cubic feet per second of flow is withdrawn as pumpage, with a shortfall of about 84.9 cubic feet per second supplied to the wells from storage in sands and clays. Water simulated from storage in clays in the Chicot aquifer is about 19 percent of the total water withdrawn from the aquifer.
Simulated 1996 Evangeline aquifer flow rates indicate that a net flow of 14.8 cubic feet per second enters the Evangeline aquifer in the outcrop area, and a net flow of 459.5 cubic feet per second passes through the Chicot aquifer into the Evangeline aquifer for a total inflow of 474.3 cubic feet per second. A greater amount, 528.6 cubic feet per second, is withdrawn by wells; the shortfall of about 54.8 cubic feet per second is supplied from storage in sands and clays. Water simulated from storage in clays in the Evangeline aquifer is about 10 percent of the total water withdrawn from the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024022","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., and Strom, E.W., 2002, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4022, HTML Document; Report: v, 61 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024022.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: v, 61 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri024022.JPG"},{"id":3657,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024022","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333403,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024022/pdf/wri02-4022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 28.4\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 30\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625394","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strom, Eric W. ewstrom@usgs.gov","contributorId":337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"Eric","email":"ewstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39968,"text":"wri024024 - 2002 - Hydrologic characteristics of Bear Creek near Silver Hill and Buffalo River near St. Joe, Arkansas, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:19","indexId":"wri024024","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4024","title":"Hydrologic characteristics of Bear Creek near Silver Hill and Buffalo River near St. Joe, Arkansas, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"The Buffalo River and its tributary Bear Creek are in the White River Basin in the Ozark Plateaus in north-central Arkansas. Analysis of streamflow measurements and water-quality samples at a site on Bear Creek and a site on the Buffalo River in Searcy County, Arkansas, quantify differences between the two sites during calendar years 1999 and 2000. Streamflow and water quality also vary seasonally at each site. Mean annual streamflow was substantially larger at the Buffalo River site (836 and 719 cubic feet per second in 1999 and 2000) than at the Bear Creek site (56 and 63 cubic feet per second). However, during times of low flow, discharge of Bear Creek comprises a larger proportion of the flow of the Buffalo River. Concentrations of nutrients, fecal-indicator bacteria, dissolved organic carbon, and suspended sediment generally were greater in samples from Bear Creek than in samples from the Buffalo River. Statistically significant differences were detected in concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate, total nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus, orthophosphorus, total phosphorus, fecal coliform bacteria, and suspended sediment. Loads varied between sites, hydrologic conditions, seasons, and years. Loads were substantially higher for the Buffalo River than for Bear Creek (as would be expected because of the Buffalo?s higher streamflow). Loads contributed by surface runoff usually comprised more than 85 percent of the annual load. Constituent yields (loads divided by drainage area) were much more similar between sites than were loads. Flow-weighted concentrations and dissolved constituent yields generally were greater for Bear Creek than yields for the Buffalo River and flowweighted concentrations yields were higher than typical flow-weighted concentrations and yields in undeveloped basins, but lower than flow-weighted concentrations and yields at a site in a more developed basin.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024024","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J.C., Haggard, B.E., and Green, W.R., 2002, Hydrologic characteristics of Bear Creek near Silver Hill and Buffalo River near St. Joe, Arkansas, 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4024, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024024.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3658,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ar.water.usgs.gov/LOCAL_REPORTS/WRIR_02-4024.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2002_4024.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e8ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Jim C.","contributorId":43816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haggard, Brian E.","contributorId":20299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggard","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32740,"text":"fs05302 - 2002 - Robowell: Providing accurate and current water-level and water-quality data in real time for protecting ground-water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-18T19:20:16","indexId":"fs05302","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"053-02","displayTitle":"Robowell: Providing Accurate and Current Water-Level and Water-Quality Data in Real Time for Protecting Ground-Water Resources","title":"Robowell: Providing accurate and current water-level and water-quality data in real time for protecting ground-water resources","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs05302","usgsCitation":"Granato, G., and Smith, K.P., 2002, Robowell: Providing accurate and current water-level and water-quality data in real time for protecting ground-water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 053-02, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05302.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_053_02.bmp"},{"id":3319,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/fs05302/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5fecd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39975,"text":"wri024078 - 2002 - Streamflow gains and losses along San Francisquito Creek and characterization of surface-water and ground-water quality, southern San Mateo and northern Santa Clara counties, California, 1996-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:35","indexId":"wri024078","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4078","title":"Streamflow gains and losses along San Francisquito Creek and characterization of surface-water and ground-water quality, southern San Mateo and northern Santa Clara counties, California, 1996-97","docAbstract":"San Francisquito Creek is an important source of recharge to the 22-square-mile San Francisquito Creek alluvial fan ground-water subbasin in the southern San Mateo and northern Santa Clara Counties of California. Ground water supplies as much as 20 percent of the water to some area communities. Local residents are concerned that infiltration and consequently ground-water recharge would be reduced if additional flood-control measures are implemented along San Francisquito Creek. To improve the understanding of the surface-water/ground-water interaction between San Francisquito Creek and the San Francisquito Creek alluvial fan, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimated streamflow gains and losses along San Francisquito Creek and determined the chemical quality and isotopic composition of surface and ground water in the study area.Streamflow was measured at 13 temporary streamflow-measurement stations to determine streamflow gains and losses along a 8.4-mile section of San Francisquito Creek. A series of five seepage runs between April 1996 and May 1997 indicate that losses in San Francisquito Creek were negligible until it crossed the Pulgas Fault at Sand Hill Road. Streamflow losses increased between Sand Hill Road and Middlefield Road where the alluvial deposits are predominantly coarse-grained and the water table is below the bottom of the channel. The greatest streamflow losses were measured along a 1.8-mile section of the creek between the San Mateo Drive bike bridge and Middlefield Road; average losses between San Mateo Drive and Alma Street and from there to Middlefield Road were 3.1 and 2.5 acre-feet per day, respectively.Downstream from Middlefield Road, streamflow gains and losses owing to seepage may be masked by urban runoff, changes in bank storage, and tidal effects from San Francisco Bay. Streamflow gains measured between Middlefield Road and the 1200 block of Woodland Avenue may be attributable to urban runoff and (or) ground-water inflow. Water-level measurements from nearby wells indicate that the regional water table may coincide with the channel bottom along this reach of San Francisquito Creek, particularly during the winter and early spring when water levels usually reach their maximum. Streamflow losses resumed below the 1200 block of Woodland Avenue, extending downstream to Newell Road. Discharge from a large storm drain between Newell Road and East Bayshore Road may account for the streamflow gains measured between these sites. Streamflow gains were measured between East Bayshore Road and the Palo Alto Municipal Golf Course, but this reach is difficult to characterize because of the probable influence of high tides.Estimated average streamflow losses totaled approximately 1,050 acre-feet per year for the reaches between USGS stream gage 11164500 at Stanford University (upstream of Junipero Serra Boulevard) and the Palo Alto Municipal Golf Course, including approximately 595 acre-feet per year for the 1.8-mile section between San Mateo Drive and Middlefield Road. Approximately 58 percent, or 550 acre-feet, of the total estimated average annual recharge from San Francisquito Creek occurs between the San Mateo Drive and Middlefield Road sites.The chemical composition of San Francisquito Creek water varies as a function of seasonal changes in hydrologic conditions. Measurements of specific conductance indicate that during dry weather and low flow, the dissolved-solids concentrations tends to be high, and during wet weather, the concentration tends to be low owing to dilution by surface water. Compared with water samples from upstream sites at USGS stream gage 11164500 and San Mateo Drive, the samples from the downstream sites at Alma Street and Woodland Avenue had low specific conductance; low concentrations of magnesium, sodium, sulfate, chloride, boron, and total dissolved solids; high nutrient concentrations; and light isotopic compositions indicating that urban runoff constitutes most of the streamflow","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024078","usgsCitation":"Metzger, L.F., 2002, Streamflow gains and losses along San Francisquito Creek and characterization of surface-water and ground-water quality, southern San Mateo and northern Santa Clara counties, California, 1996-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4078, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024078.","productDescription":"49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3665,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024078 ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4de7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metzger, Loren F. 0000-0003-2454-2966 lmetzger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-2966","contributorId":1378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Loren","email":"lmetzger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":222724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50793,"text":"ofr02291 - 2002 - Hydrologic conditions and quality of rainfall and storm runoff in agricultural and rangeland areas in San Patricio County, Texas, 2000-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T16:02:43","indexId":"ofr02291","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-291","title":"Hydrologic conditions and quality of rainfall and storm runoff in agricultural and rangeland areas in San Patricio County, Texas, 2000-2001","docAbstract":"During 2000–2001, rainfall and runoff were monitored in one mixed agricultural watershed and two rangeland watersheds in San Patricio County, located in the Coastal Bend area of South Texas. During this period, five rainfall samples were collected and analyzed for selected nutrients. Ten runoff samples from nine runoff events were collected at the three watershed monitoring stations. Runoff samples were analyzed for selected nutrients, major ions, trace elements, pesticides, and bacteria.
Study area rainfall during 2000 and 2001 was 33.27 and 28.20 inches, respectively, less than the long-term average annual of 36.31 inches. Total runoff from the study area watersheds during 2000–2001 was 2.46 inches; the regional average is about 2 inches per year. Rainfall and runoff during the study period was typical of historical patterns, with periods of below average rainfall interspersed with extreme events. Three individual storm events accounted for about 29 percent of the total rainfall and 86 percent of the total runoff during 2000– 2001.
Runoff concentrations of nutrients, major ions, and trace elements generally were larger in the mixed agricultural watershed than runoff concentrations in the rangeland watersheds. Pesticides were detected in two of eight runoff samples. Three pesticides (atrazine, deethylatrazine, and trifluralin) were detected in very small concentrations; only deethylatrazine was detected in a concentration greater than the laboratory minimum reporting level.
Bacteria in agricultural and rangeland runoff is a potential water-quality concern as all fecal coliform and E. coli densities in the runoff samples exceeded Texas Surface Water Quality Standards for receiving waters. However, runoff and relatively large bacteria densities represent very brief and infrequent conditions, and the effect on downstream water is not known.
Rainfall deposition is a major source of nitrogen delivered to the study area. Rainfall nitrogen (mostly ammonia and nitrate) exceeded the runoff yield. The average annual rainfall deposition of total nitrogen on the study area watersheds was 1.3 pounds per acre. In contrast, an average annual yield of 0.57 and 0.21 pound per acre of total nitrogen in runoff exited the mixed agricultural watershed and the rangeland watersheds, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02291","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service; San Patricio Soil and Water Conservation District; and The Welder Wildlife Foundation","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., 2002, Hydrologic conditions and quality of rainfall and storm runoff in agricultural and rangeland areas in San Patricio County, Texas, 2000-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-291, Report: iv, 20 p.; 1 Plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02291.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; 1 Plate","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02291.JPG"},{"id":333398,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02-291/pdf/02-291.pdf","text":"Report","size":"609 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":4573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02-291/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333399,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02-291/02-291_plate.jpg","text":"Plate 1","size":"809 KB jpg","description":"Plate 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"San Patricio County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.8,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -97.8,\n 28.3\n ],\n [\n -97.1,\n 28.3\n ],\n [\n -97.1,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -97.8,\n 28\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69369,"text":"ha748 - 2002 - Potentiometric surfaces, altitudes of the tops, and hydrogeology of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers, Black Hills area, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-07T11:46:08","indexId":"ha748","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"748","title":"Potentiometric surfaces, altitudes of the tops, and hydrogeology of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers, Black Hills area, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The topographically defined Black Hills and adjacent areas (Black Hills area) of Wyoming (fig. 1) are underlain by two regionally important aquifers-the Minnelusa and the Madison. The Minnelusa aquifer is used extensively in the Black Hills area as a source of domestic and livestock water. The Madison aquifer is an important source of municipal, industrial, agricultural, and domestic water in both the Black Hills area and other parts of Wyoming. Increased demand for water from the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers in the Black Hills area of Wyoming and South Dakota have created a need for better understanding of the hydrology of these two important aquifers.
\nThis report presents information on the potentiometric surfaces and altitudes of the tops of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers in the Black Hills area of northeastern Wyoming using new data collected since completion of earlier studies. In addition, ground-water levels in selected wells are examined, and the relative age of a limited number of ground-water samples are discussed. The information will be of use to government officials, land planners and other individuals who must manage the limited water resources of this growing and developing area.
\nThe scope of the project was limited to wells and springs in the Black Hills area of Wyoming. Water levels were measured during 1998 and 1999 in wells completed in the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers to construct potentiometric-surface maps. The potentiometric surfaces and altitudes of the tops of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers were contoured at the same scale (1:100,000) as studies of the aquifers recently conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in the Black Hills area within South Dakota (Carter and Redden, 1999a, 1999b; Strobel and others, 2000a, 2000b). The contours in these studies of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers in South Dakota were \"edge matched\" as closely as possible along the Wyoming-South Dakota State line using the same contour interval. Use of the same contour interval and edge matching will allow for the use of the maps across State boundaries and improve understanding of the aquifers in a larger area within the Black Hills uplift. In places, some contours could not be matched across the Wyoming-South Dakota State line because this investigation was completed after the South Dakota investigations, and additional control points used in this investigation were located in Wyoming near the State line. The reader should note that Minnelusa and Madison outcrop areas and some structural features may not match in some areas along the Wyoming-South Dakota State line when maps in this study area are aligned or \"edge matched\" with maps produced for the South Dakota studies because different sources of geological mapping were used for the studies. Ground-water samples were collected from a subset of measured wells and analyzed for tritium to qualitatively estimate the time of ground-water recharge.
\nThis project was conducted by the USGS in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer's Office (WSEO). The study area was almost entirely within Crook and Weston Counties in Wyoming and was bordered on the east by the Wyoming-South Dakota State line.
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha748","usgsCitation":"Bartos, T., Hallberg, L., and Ogle, K.M., 2002, Potentiometric surfaces, altitudes of the tops, and hydrogeology of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers, Black Hills area, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 748, Four sheets; All sheets 42 by 34 inches (in color). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ha748.","productDescription":"Four sheets; All sheets 42 by 34 inches (in color). ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ha748.jpg"},{"id":6318,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/ha748/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.36749999999999,43.5 ], [ -104.36749999999999,44.6175 ], [ -104.11749999999999,44.6175 ], [ -104.11749999999999,43.5 ], [ -104.36749999999999,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db681f98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartos, T.T.","contributorId":6544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartos","given":"T.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallberg, L.L.","contributorId":77569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallberg","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ogle, Kathy Muller","contributorId":8896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogle","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"Muller","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70214399,"text":"70214399 - 2002 - Flow and storage in groundwater systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T18:05:58.235457","indexId":"70214399","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-25T13:00:44","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow and storage in groundwater systems","docAbstract":"The dynamic nature of groundwater is not readily apparent, except where discharge is focused at springs or where recharge enters sinkholes. Yet groundwater flow and storage are continually changing in response to human and climatic stresses. Wise development of groundwater resources requires a more complete understanding of these changes in flow and storage and of their effects on the terrestrial environment and on numerous surface-water features and their biota.
Palynological and geochemical analyses of sediment cores collected on two tree islands in the Florida Everglades indicate long-term hydrologic and chemical differences between tree islands and surrounding marshes and sloughs. Gumbo Limbo and Nuthouse tree islands are elongate, teardrop-shaped islands in Water Conservation Area 3B. Prior to tree island formation at both sites, pollen records indicate that sites on modern tree island heads were covered with sawgrass marshes with abundant weedy annuals. Such vegetation is characteristic of moderate water depths and hydroperiods with frequent droughts or disturbances. Contemporaneously deposited sediments on tree island tails indicate progressively deeper water conditions with increasing distance from the head; wetlands surrounding tree islands were covered by sloughs with deep water and long hydroperiods. Tree island formation occurred at about 1200 BC on Gumbo Limbo Island, with mature tree island vegetation established by about 800 AD. On Nuthouse Island, tree island formation occurred around 300 AD, shifting to mature tree island vegetation around 1400 AD. Thus, tree island formation began on these islands between 3.2 Ka and 1.7 Ka. Maturation of tree islands took between 1,000 and 2,000 years, and vegetation on these tree islands has been relatively stable for the last 600–1,200 years. Phosphorus levels on tree island heads have been extremely high (approximately six times greater than baseline levels in marshes) throughout the history of the sites, and phosphorus content in tree island tails began increasing when tree island formation occurred. Elevated phosphorus content may reflect the long-term presence of wading birds at these sites and provide a proxy for reconstructing the historic distribution of wading bird populations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tree islands of the Everglades","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-009-0001-1_4","usgsCitation":"Willard, D.A., Murray, J.B., Holmes, C.W., Korvela, M.S., Mason, D., Orem, W.H., and Towles, D.T., 2002, Paleoecological insights on fixed tree island development in the Florida Everglades: I. environmental controls, chap. 4 of Tree islands of the Everglades, p. 117-151, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0001-1_4.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"151","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293439,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5212,25.099 ], [ -81.5212,25.8918 ], [ -80.3887,25.8918 ], [ -80.3887,25.099 ], [ -81.5212,25.099 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540ace51e4b023c1f29d58fa","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sklar, Fred H.","contributorId":23327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sklar","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509984,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van der Valk, A.","contributorId":111845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Valk","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509985,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, James B. jbmurray@usgs.gov","contributorId":2065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"James","email":"jbmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":500165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Korvela, Michael S.","contributorId":59732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korvela","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mason, Daniel","contributorId":108035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Towles, D. Timothy","contributorId":100758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Towles","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70123295,"text":"70123295 - 2002 - Recent sediment studies refute Glen Canyon Dam hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:48:37","indexId":"70123295","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-03T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent sediment studies refute Glen Canyon Dam hypothesis","docAbstract":"Recent studies of sedimentology hydrology, and geomorphology indicate that releases from Glen Canyon Dam are continuing to erode sandbars and beaches in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, despite attempts to restore these resources. The current strategy for dam operations is based on the hypothesis that sand supplied by tributaries of the Colorado River downstream from the dam will accumulate in the channel during normal dam operations and remain available for restoration floods. Recent work has shown that this hypothesis is false, and that tributary sand inputs are exported downstream rapidly typically within weeks or months under the current flow regime.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2002EO000191","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., Topping, D.J., Schmidt, J.C., Hazel, J., Kaplinski, M., and Melis, T., 2002, Recent sediment studies refute Glen Canyon Dam hypothesis: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 83, no. 25, p. 273-278, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002EO000191.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002eo000191","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293331,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002EO000191"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.500534,36.928274 ], [ -111.500534,36.946111 ], [ -111.468519,36.946111 ], [ -111.468519,36.928274 ], [ -111.500534,36.928274 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"83","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a751fe4b01535cb427a6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hazel, Joe","contributorId":61758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":65817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70123130,"text":"70123130 - 2002 - Basis and methods of NASA airborne topographic mapper lidar surveys for coastal studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-01T10:15:24","indexId":"70123130","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T10:14:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basis and methods of NASA airborne topographic mapper lidar surveys for coastal studies","docAbstract":"This paper provides an overview of the basic principles of airborne laser altimetry for surveys of coastal topography, and describes the methods used in the acquisition and processing of NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) surveys that cover much of the conterminous US coastline. This form of remote sensing, also known as \"topographic lidar\", has undergone extremely rapid development during the last two decades, and has the potential to contribute within a wide range of coastal scientific investigations. Various airborne laser surveying (ALS) applications that are relevant to coastal studies are being pursued by researchers in a range of Earth science disciplines. Examples include the mapping of \"bald earth\" land surfaces below even moderately dense vegetation in studies of geologic framework and hydrology, and determination of the vegetation canopy structure, a key variable in mapping wildlife habitats. ALS has also proven to be an excellent method for the regional mapping of geomorphic change along barrier island beaches and other sandy coasts due to storms or long-term sedimentary processes. Coastal scientists are adopting ALS as a basic method in the study of an array of additional coastal topics. ALS can provide useful information in the analysis of shoreline change, the prediction and assessment of landslides along seacliffs and headlands, examination of subsidence causing coastal land loss, and in predicting storm surge and tsunami inundation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Sallenger, A., Krabill, W.B., and Swift, R.N., 2002, Basis and methods of NASA airborne topographic mapper lidar surveys for coastal studies: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 18, no. 1, p. 1-13.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293236,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://journals.fcla.edu/jcr/article/view/81240"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54058842e4b0971c80c85853","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H. Jr.","contributorId":27458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabill, William B.","contributorId":24698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabill","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swift, Robert N.","contributorId":44841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":47512,"text":"twri04A3 - 2002 - Statistical methods in water resources","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47512,"text":"twri04A3 - 2002 - Statistical methods in water resources","indexId":"twri04A3","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Statistical Methods in Water Resources","title":"Statistical methods in water resources"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70201829,"text":"tm4A3 - 2020 - Statistical methods in water resources","indexId":"tm4A3","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Statistical methods in water resources"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70201829,"text":"tm4A3 - 2020 - Statistical methods in water resources","indexId":"tm4A3","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Statistical methods in water resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T18:21:40.251882","indexId":"twri04A3","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"04-A3","displayTitle":"Statistical Methods in Water Resources","title":"Statistical methods in water resources","docAbstract":"This book began as class notes for a course we teach on applied statistical methods to hydrologists of the Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). It reflects our attempts to teach statistical methods which are appropriate for analysis of water resources data. As interest in this course has grown outside of the USGS, incentive grew to develop the material into a textbook. The topics covered are those we feel are of greatest usefulness to the practicing water resources scientist. Yet all topics can be directly applied to many other types of environmental data.
This book is not a stand-alone text on statistics, or a text on statistical hydrology. For example, in addition to this material we use a textbook on introductory statistics in the USGS training course. As a consequence, discussions of topics such as probability theory required in a general statistics textbook will not be found here. Derivations of most equations are not presented. Important tables included in all general statistics texts, such as quantiles of the normal distribution, are not found here. Neither are details of how statistical distributions should be fitted to flood data -- these are adequately covered in numerous books on statistical hydrology.
We have instead chosen to emphasize topics not always found in introductory statistics textbooks, and often not adequately covered in statistical textbooks for scientists and engineers. Tables included here, for example, are those found more often in books on nonparametric statistics than in books likely to have been used in college courses for engineers. This book points the environmental and water resources scientist to robust and nonparametric statistics, and to exploratory data analysis. We believe that the characteristics of environmental (and perhaps most other 'real') data drive analysis methods towards use of robust and nonparametric methods.
Exercises are included at the end of chapters. In our course, students compute each type of analysis (t-test, regression, etc.) the first time by hand. We choose the smaller, simpler examples for hand computation. In this way the mechanics of the process are fully understood, and computer software is seen as less mysterious.
We wish to acknowledge and thank several other scientists at the U. S. Geological Survey for contributing ideas to this book. In particular, we thank those who have served as the other instructors at the USGS training course. Ed Gilroy has critiqued and improved much of the material found in this book. Tim Cohn has contributed in several areas, particularly to the sections on bias correction in regression, and methods for data below the reporting limit. Richard Alexander has added to the trend analysis chapter, and Charles Crawford has contributed ideas for regression and ANOVA. Their work has undoubtedly made its way into this book without adequate recognition.
Professor Ken Potter (University of Wisconsin) and Dr. Gary Tasker (USGS) reviewed the manuscript, spending long hours with no reward except the knowledge that they have improved the work of others. For that we are very grateful. We also thank Madeline Sabin, who carefully typed original drafts of the class notes on which the book is based. As always, the responsibility for all errors and slanted thinking are ours alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri04A3","usgsCitation":"Helsel, D.R. and R. M. Hirsch, 2002. Statistical Methods in Water Resources Techniques of Water Resources Investigations, Book 4, chapter A3. U.S. Geological Survey. 522 pages.","productDescription":"522 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370992,"rank":2,"type":{"id":12,"text":"Errata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri4a3/erratasheet.pdf","text":"Errata Sheet","size":"6.15 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":168724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri4a3/coverthb6.gif"},{"id":3961,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri4a3/twri4a3.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TWRI 4A3"}],"edition":"Version 1.1","publicComments":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 4, chapter A3, version 1.1 is superseded by Techniques and Methods 4-A3.","contact":"","tableOfContents":"The lower reaches of the Mahoning River in Youngstown, Ohio, have been characterized by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) as historically having poor water quality. Most wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) in the watershed did not provide secondary sewage treatment until the late 1980s. By the late 1990s, the Mahoning River still received sewer-overflow discharges from 101 locations within the city of Youngstown, Ohio. The Mahoning River in Youngstown and Mill Creek, a principal tributary to the Mahoning River in Youngstown, have not met biotic index criteria since the earliest published assessment by OEPA in 1980. Youngstown and the OEPA are working together toward the goal of meeting water-quality standards in the Mahoning River. The U.S. Geological Survey collected information to help both parties assess water quality in the area of Youngstown and to estimate bacteria and inorganic nitrogen contributions from sewer-overflow discharges to the Mahoning River.
Two monitoring networks were established in the lower Mahoning River: the first to evaluate hydrology and microbiological and chemical water quality and the second to assess indices of fish and aquatic-macroinvertebrate-community health. Water samples and water-quality data were collected from May through October 1999 and 2000 to evaluate where, when, and for how long water quality was affected by sewer-overflow discharges. Water samples were collected during dry- and wet-weather flow, and biotic indices were assessed during the first year (1999). The second year of sample collection (2000) was directed toward evaluating changes in water quality during wet-weather flow, and specifically toward assessing the effect of sewer-overflow discharges on water quality in the monitoring network.
Water-quality standards for Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration and draft criteria for nitrate plus nitrite and total phosphorus were the regulations most commonly exceeded in the Mahoning River and Mill Creek sampling networks. E. coliconcentrations increased during wet-weather flow and remained higher than dry-weather concentrations for 48 hours after peak flow. E. coli concentration criteria were more commonly exceeded during wet-weather flow than during dry-weather flow. Exceedances of nutrient-concentration criteria were not substantially more common during wet-weather flow.
The fish and aquatic macroinvertebrate network included Mill Creek and its tributaries but did not include the main stem of the Mahoning River. Persistent exceedances of chemical water-quality standards in Mill Creek and the presence of nutrient concentrations in excess of draft criteria may have contributed to biotic index scores that on only one occasion met State criteria throughout the fish and aquatic macroinvertebrate sampling network.
Monitored tributary streams did not contribute concentrations of E. coli, nitrate plus nitrite, or total phosphorus to the Mahoning River and Mill Creek that were higher than main-stem concentrations, but monitored WWTP and sewer-overflow discharges did contribute. Twenty-four hour load estimates of sewer-overflow discharge contributions during wet-weather flow indicated that sewer-overflow discharges contributed large loads of bacteria and inorganic nitrogen to the Mahoning River relative to the instream load. The sewer-overflow loads appeared to move as a slug of highly enriched water that passed through Youngstown on the rising limb of the storm hydrograph. The median estimated sewer-overflow load contribution of bacteria was greater than the estimated instream load by a factor of five or more; however, the median estimated sewer-overflow load of inorganic nitrogen was less than half of the estimated instream load.
Sewer-overflow discharges contributed loads of E. coli and nutrients to the Mahoning River and Mill Creek at a point where the streams already did not meet State water-quality regulations. Improvement of water quality of the Mahoning River, Mill Creek, and tributaries at Youngstown would be facilitated by reducing loads from sewer-overflow discharges within Youngstown, by identifying and reducing other sources of E. coli and nutrients within Young-stown, and by reducing discharges of E. coli , nitrate plus nitrite, and total phosphorus to the Mahoning River and Mill Creek upstream from Youngstown.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Youngstown, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Stoeckel, D.M., and Covert, S., 2002, Water Quality in the Mahoning River and Selected Tributaries in Youngstown, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4122, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024122.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3556,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4122/wri20024122.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2002-4122"},{"id":164735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4122/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229
A model parameter set for use with the Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN watershed model was developed to simulate flow and water quality for selected properties and constituents for the Arroyo Colorado from the city of Mission to the Laguna Madre, Texas. The model simulates flow, selected water-quality properties, and constituent concentrations. The model can be used to estimate a total maximum daily load for selected properties and constituents in the Arroyo Colorado. The model was calibrated and tested for flow with data measured during 1989–99 at three streamflow-gaging stations. The errors for total flow volume ranged from -0.1 to 29.0 percent, and the errors for total storm volume ranged from -15.6 to 8.4 percent. The model was calibrated and tested for water quality for seven properties and constituents with 1989–99 data. The model was calibrated sequentially for suspended sediment, water temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and orthophosphate. The simulated concentrations of the selected properties and constituents generally matched the measured concentrations available for the calibration and testing periods. The model was used to simulate total point- and nonpoint-source loads for selected properties and constituents for 1989–99 for urban, natural, and agricultural land-use types. About one-third to one-half of the biochemical oxygen demand and nutrient loads are from urban point and nonpoint sources, although only 13 percent of the total land use in the basin is urban.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024110","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission and the Nueces River Authority","usgsCitation":"Raines, T.H., and Miranda, R.M., 2002, Simulation of flow and water quality of the Arroyo Colorado, Texas, 1989-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4110, HTML Document; Report: iv, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024110.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iv, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335464,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri02-4110/pdf/wri02-4110.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":3555,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri02-4110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Arroyo Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.44186401367186,\n 26.63150107290847\n ],\n [\n -97.46246337890625,\n 26.64009391980515\n ],\n [\n -97.50640869140625,\n 26.646231271834406\n ],\n [\n -97.57507324218749,\n 26.62045217730122\n ],\n [\n -97.69729614257812,\n 26.57501772243996\n ],\n [\n -97.88131713867188,\n 26.509904531413927\n ],\n [\n -98.074951171875,\n 26.477948705162902\n ],\n [\n -98.25347900390624,\n 26.45950861170239\n ],\n [\n -98.41278076171875,\n 26.474260922876063\n ],\n [\n -98.52401733398438,\n 26.44967268715773\n ],\n [\n -98.56521606445311,\n 26.436146919246013\n ],\n [\n -98.61465454101562,\n 26.352497858154024\n ],\n [\n -98.59130859375,\n 26.298339726417737\n ],\n [\n -98.53500366210938,\n 26.22567887715317\n ],\n [\n -98.4979248046875,\n 26.202269947517024\n ],\n [\n -98.45260620117188,\n 26.173926524048117\n ],\n [\n -98.38119506835938,\n 26.15173990595915\n ],\n [\n -98.3660888671875,\n 26.11721900341594\n ],\n [\n -98.28781127929688,\n 26.07775405403964\n ],\n [\n -98.24111938476562,\n 26.055549170723896\n ],\n [\n -98.09417724609375,\n 26.04444515079636\n ],\n [\n -97.96508789062499,\n 26.054315442680412\n ],\n [\n -97.84149169921875,\n 26.045678982732714\n ],\n [\n -97.811279296875,\n 26.045678982732714\n ],\n [\n -97.77694702148438,\n 26.02593611383701\n ],\n [\n -97.74948120117188,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -97.65609741210938,\n 26.01853168134975\n ],\n [\n -97.60528564453125,\n 25.966687579916506\n ],\n [\n -97.5146484375,\n 26.003721415115685\n ],\n [\n -97.35671997070311,\n 26.045678982732714\n ],\n [\n -97.30453491210938,\n 26.074053532504166\n ],\n [\n -97.30178833007811,\n 26.10982033978212\n ],\n [\n -97.30728149414062,\n 26.15543796871355\n ],\n [\n -97.31552124023438,\n 26.201037768161285\n ],\n [\n -97.34573364257812,\n 26.302033130758726\n ],\n [\n -97.37869262695312,\n 26.37095506595221\n ],\n [\n -97.40341186523436,\n 26.42999831802051\n ],\n [\n -97.41989135742188,\n 26.528336542726354\n ],\n [\n -97.42950439453125,\n 26.587299083638417\n ],\n [\n -97.44186401367186,\n 26.63150107290847\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2e08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, Timothy H. thraines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Timothy","email":"thraines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":222250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miranda, Roger M.","contributorId":71609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39818,"text":"wri20024131 - 2002 - Summary of Flow Loss between Selected Cross Sections on the Rio Grande in and near Albuquerque, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"wri20024131","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4131","title":"Summary of Flow Loss between Selected Cross Sections on the Rio Grande in and near Albuquerque, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The upper middle Rio Grande Basin, as defined by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, extends from the headwaters of the Rio Grande in southwestern Colorado to Fort Quitman, Texas. Most of the basin has a semiarid climate typical of the southwestern United States. This climate drives a highly variable streamflow regime that contributes to the complexity of water management in the basin. Currently, rapid population growth in the basin has resulted in increasing demands on the hydrologic system. Water management decisions have become increasingly complex because of the broad range of interests and issues. For these reasons, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque, New Mexico, conducted paired flow measurements at two cross sections to determine cross-sectional loss in the Albuquerque reach of the Rio Grande.\r\n\r\nThis report statistically summarizes flow losses in the Albuquerque reach of the Rio Grande during the winter nonirrigation season from December 1996 to February 2000. The two previous flow-loss investigations are statistically summarized. Daily mean flow losses are calculated for the winter nonirrigation season using daily mean flows at three selected Rio Grande streamflow-gaging stations.For the winter nonirrigation season cross-sectional measurements (1996-2000), an average of 210 cubic feet per second was returned to the river between the measurement sites, of which 165 cubic feet per second was intercepted by riverside drains along the 21.9-mile reach from the Rio Grande near Bernalillo to the Rio Grande at Rio Bravo Bridge streamflow-gaging stations. Total cross-sectional losses in this reach averaged about 90 cubic feet per second. \r\n\r\nRegression equations were determined for estimating downstream total outflow from upstream total inflow for all three paired measurement studies. Regression equations relating the three daily mean flow recording stations also were determined. In each succeeding study, additional outside variables were controlled, which provided more accurate flow-loss measurements. Regression-equation losses between measurement cross sections ranged from 1.9 to 7.9 percent during the nonirrigation season and from about 5.9 to 6.4 percent during the irrigation season. Mean and median loss by reach length for all three daily mean flow stations and all three cross-sectional measurement reaches showed consistent flow loss per mile by season with allowance for nonideal river conditions for the initial measurement studies. Unsteady measurement conditions were reflected in the regression equation mean-square errors and ultimately in the change in daily mean discharge at the Rio Grande at Albuquerque gaging station during the measurement periods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20024131","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the City of Albuquerque","usgsCitation":"Veenhuis, J.E., 2002, Summary of Flow Loss between Selected Cross Sections on the Rio Grande in and near Albuquerque, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4131, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024131.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3558,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri02-4131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.5,30.5 ], [ -108.5,39 ], [ -105,39 ], [ -105,30.5 ], [ -108.5,30.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699578","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veenhuis, Jack E.","contributorId":66745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veenhuis","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185659,"text":"70185659 - 2002 - Effects of stress from mine drainage on diversity, biomass, and function of primary producers in mountain streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T11:00:07","indexId":"70185659","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of stress from mine drainage on diversity, biomass, and function of primary producers in mountain streams","docAbstract":"This paper proposes a hypothesis that relates biodi- versity, community biomass, and ecosystem func- tion to a gradient of stress. According to this hy- pothesis, biodiversity has a low threshold of response to stress, whereas biomass and function are stable or increase under low to moderate stress and decrease only under high stress. This hypothe- sis was tested by examining communities of pri- mary producers in streams under stress from mine drainage in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, USA. Mine drainage exerts chemical stress (low pH, dis- solved metals) as well as physical stress (deposition of metal oxides) on stream biota. Diversity of pri- mary producers was usually more sensitive to stress from mine drainage than community biomass (chlorophyll a) or primary production. Diversity was negatively related to all stresses from mine drainage, but it was especially low in streams with low pH or high concentration of dissolved zinc. Biomass and production were high in streams with only chemical stress, but they were often low in streams with physical stress caused by metal oxide deposition. Stream sites with aluminum oxide dep- osition usually had very little algal biomass. The rate of metal oxide deposition, presence of alumi- num oxides, and pH together explained 65% of the variation in biomass. The rate of net primary pro- duction was highly correlated with biomass and had a similar response to stress from mine drainage. Overall, chemical stresses (low pH, high concentra- tion of zinc) generally led to the hypothesized trends in our model of ecosystems under stress. Physical stress (deposition of metal oxides), how- ever, led to variable responses, and often decreased biomass and function even at low intensity, con- trary to the original hypothesis. Thus, the nature of ecosystem response to stress may differ for chemical and physical stresses
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-002-0182-9","usgsCitation":"Niyogi, D.K., Lewis, W.M., and McKnight, D.M., 2002, Effects of stress from mine drainage on diversity, biomass, and function of primary producers in mountain streams: Ecosystems, v. 5, no. 6, p. 554-567, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-002-0182-9.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"554","endPage":"567","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.4959716796875,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -104.337158203125,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -104.337158203125,\n 40.42604212826493\n ],\n [\n -106.4959716796875,\n 40.42604212826493\n ],\n [\n -106.4959716796875,\n 38.57393751557591\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da251de4b0543bf7fda818","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niyogi, Dev K.","contributorId":189848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niyogi","given":"Dev","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, William M. Jr.","contributorId":189849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":686262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185169,"text":"70185169 - 2002 - Determination of isoxaflutole (balance) and its metabolites in water using solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:07:04","indexId":"70185169","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of isoxaflutole (balance) and its metabolites in water using solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Balance (isoxaflutole, IXF) belongs to a new family of herbicides referred to as isoxazoles. IXF has a very short soil half-life (<24 h), degrading to a biologically active diketonitrile (DKN) metabolite that is more polar and considerably more stable. Further degradation of the DKN metabolite produces a nonbiologically active benzoic acid (BA) metabolite. Analytical methods using solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography−UV (HPLC-UV) or high-performance liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) were developed for the analysis of IXF and its metabolites in distilled deionized water and ground water samples. To successfully detect and quantify the BA metabolite by HPLC-UV from ground water samples, a sequential elution scheme was necessary. Using HPLC-UV, the mean recoveries from sequential elution of the parent and its two metabolites from fortified ground water samples ranged from 68.6 to 101.4%. For HPLC-MS, solid phase extraction of ground water samples was performed using a polystyrene divinylbenzene polymer resin. The mean HPLC-MS recoveries of the three compounds from ground water samples spiked at 0.05−2 μg/L ranged from 100.9 to 110.3%. The limits of quantitation for HPLC-UV are approximately 150 ng/L for IXF, 100 ng/L for DKN, and 250 ng/L for BA. The limit of quantitation by HPLC-MS is 50 ng/L for each compound. The methods developed in this work can be applied to determine the transport and fate of Balance in the environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/jf025622d","usgsCitation":"Lin, C., Lerch, R., Thurman, E.M., Garrett, H.E., and George, M.F., 2002, Determination of isoxaflutole (balance) and its metabolites in water using solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 21, p. 5816-5824, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025622d.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"5816","endPage":"5824","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d4e4b0849ce97c86ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, Chung-Ho","contributorId":150703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Chung-Ho","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18071,"text":"Department of Forestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lerch, Robert N.","contributorId":189360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lerch","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garrett, Harold E.","contributorId":189361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrett","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"George, Milon F.","contributorId":189362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"Milon","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70164452,"text":"70164452 - 2002 - Response to comment on \"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:32:30","indexId":"70164452","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-14T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to comment on \"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance\"","docAbstract":"We concur with the response of Eckel to our recent publication in this Journal (1). As the author notes, the topic of emerging contaminants is currently receiving extensive media coverage and scientific notice, but there are earlier reports that foreshadow this current interest. Eckel’s comment regarding the detection of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWC) at a Superfund landfill site (2) is well taken, as other reports confirm the presence of such compounds at waste-disposal and landfill sites (3). In fact, literature from more than 20 years ago documented the occurrence of OWCs in the environment (4-7). A significant difference between these reports and our study is that we have systematically documented the frequent presence and low concentrations of a broad suite of OWCs in a wide variety of streams across the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es0201350","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E.M., Zaugg, S.D., and Buxton, H.T., 2002, Response to comment on \"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance\": Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 18, p. 4004-4004, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0201350.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"4004","endPage":"4004","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":506162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es0201350","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":316598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b5d658e4b0cc7999817392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":597445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70164453,"text":"70164453 - 2002 - Response to comment on \"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:32:08","indexId":"70164453","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-14T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to comment on \"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance\"","docAbstract":"We thank Ericson et al. (1) for their careful review and thoughtful comments on the synthetic hormone data presented in our recent publication summarizing the results from the USGS nationwide reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants (2). Their efforts have helped raise the awareness of the difficulties in accurately measuring these compounds at the low concentrations that occur in the environment and reinforce the need for continued research in the area of analytical methods development for synthetic hormones
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