Hazard analysis at caldera volcanoes is challenging due to the wide range of eruptive and environmental conditions that can plausibly occur during renewed activity. Taupo volcano, New Zealand, is a frequently active and productive rhyolitic caldera volcano that has hosted the world's youngest known supereruption and numerous smaller explosive events. To assess ashfall hazard from future eruptions, we have simulated atmospheric ash dispersal using the Ash3d model. We consider five eruption scenarios spanning magma volumes of 0.1–500 km3 and investigate the main factors governing ash dispersal in modern atmospheric conditions. Our results are examined in the context of regional synoptic weather patterns (Kidson types) that provide a framework for assessing the variability of ashfall distribution in different wind fields. For the smallest eruptions (~0.1‐km3 magma), ashfall thicknesses >1 cm are largely confined to the central North Island, with dispersal controlled by day‐to‐day weather and the dominance of westerly winds. With increasing eruptive volume (1–5‐km3 magma), ashfall thicknesses >1 cm would likely reach major population centers throughout the North Island. Dispersal is less dependent on weather patterns as the formation of a radially expanding umbrella cloud forces ash upwind or crosswind, although strong stratospheric winds significantly restrict umbrella spreading. For large eruptions (50–500‐km3 magma), powerful expansion of the umbrella cloud results in widespread ashfall at damaging thicknesses (>10 cm) across most of the North Island and top of the South Island. Synoptic climatology may prove a useful additional technique for long‐term hazard planning at caldera volcanoes.
Although development and urbanization are typically believed to have negative impacts on carnivoran species, some species can successfully navigate an urban matrix. Sympatric carnivorans compete for limited resources in urban areas, likely with system-specific impacts to their distributions and activity patterns. We used automatically triggered wildlife cameras to assess the local distribution and co-existence of Canis latrans (Coyote), Vulpes vulpes (Red Fox), and Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Gray Fox) across the Pioneer Valley, MA, in relation to different levels of human development. We placed cameras at 79 locations in forested, altered, and urban land-use areas from September to November 2012 and accumulated 1670 trap nights. We determined site characteristics and detection rates for 12 other wildlife species for each camera location to develop a generalized linear model for the local distribution of each focal canid species across the study area. We also compared diel activity patterns among Coyotes, Red Foxes, and Gray Foxes, and calculated coefficients of overlap between each pair. The local distribution of Coyotes was positively associated with the detection rates of their prey and not associated with detection rates of sympatric carnivoran species. Red Foxes and Gray Foxes had negative relationships with the detection rate of Coyotes, and none of the 3 canid species showed a positive correlation with increased levels of urbanization. There was a high degree of temporal overlap in diel activity patterns and limited spatial overlap of our focal species, which suggests that any competition avoidance across our study area occurred at the spatial level. Coyotes fill the role of top predator in the Pioneer Valley, and likely have a negative impact on the local distributions of smaller canids, while their own local distributions seem to be driven by prey availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/045.026.0208","usgsCitation":"LeFlore, E.G., Fuller, T.K., Finn, J.T., Organ, J.F., and DeStefano, S., 2019, Wild canid distribution and co-existence in a natural–urban matrix of the Pioneer Valley of Western Massachusetts: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 26, no. 2, p. 325-342, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.026.0208.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"342","ipdsId":"IP-070732","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachesetts","county":"Franklin County, Hampshire County","otherGeospatial":"Pioneer Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.58255004882812,\n 42.30067461858169\n ],\n [\n -72.38616943359375,\n 42.30067461858169\n ],\n [\n -72.38616943359375,\n 42.50551526821832\n ],\n [\n -72.58255004882812,\n 42.50551526821832\n ],\n [\n -72.58255004882812,\n 42.30067461858169\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeFlore, Eric G.","contributorId":216045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeFlore","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Todd K.","contributorId":216046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, John T.","contributorId":43398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16720,"text":"Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9485, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Organ, John F. 0000-0002-0959-0639 jorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-0639","contributorId":189047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Organ","given":"John","email":"jorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":166706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":763433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203690,"text":"70203690 - 2019 - Surrogate model development for coastal dune erosion under storm conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T15:33:04","indexId":"70203690","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-31T15:27:38","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Surrogate model development for coastal dune erosion under storm conditions","docAbstract":"Early coastal dune erosion predictions are essential to avoid potential flood consequences but most dune erosion numerical models are computationally expensive, hence their application in Early Warning Systems is limited. Here, based on a combination of optimally sampled synthetic sea storms with a calibrated and validated XBeach model, we develop a surrogate model capable of producing fast and accurate dune erosion predictions under storm conditions when water level and wave forecasts are available. The analysis is performed on Dauphin Island, AL, where we train Multiple Linear Regression Models with oceanographic forcing from the selected sea storms (i.e., XBeach input) and predicted changes in the dune system (i.e., XBeach output). Surrogate model performance is assessed with a rigorous k-fold cross validation. Although changes in the location of dune features are not well predicted, the model attains good performance when predicting changes in dune elevation, barrier-island width and volume.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th Coastal Sediments Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1142/9789811204487_0116","usgsCitation":"Malagon-Santos, V., Wahl, T., Long, J.W., Passeri, D., and Plant, N.G., 2019, Surrogate model development for coastal dune erosion under storm conditions, in Proceedings of the 9th Coastal Sediments Conference, p. 1327-1339, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811204487_0116.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1327","endPage":"1339","ipdsId":"IP-104933","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Dauphin Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.3469009399414,\n 30.22377177047543\n ],\n [\n -88.07464599609375,\n 30.22377177047543\n ],\n [\n -88.07464599609375,\n 30.293164187062253\n ],\n [\n -88.3469009399414,\n 30.293164187062253\n ],\n [\n -88.3469009399414,\n 30.22377177047543\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malagon-Santos, Victor","contributorId":216004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malagon-Santos","given":"Victor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18879,"text":"University of Central Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wahl, Thomas","contributorId":141017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wahl","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13653,"text":"University South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, Joseph W","contributorId":216005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":32398,"text":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Passeri, Davina 0000-0002-9760-3195 dpasseri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9760-3195","contributorId":166889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passeri","given":"Davina","email":"dpasseri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70205810,"text":"70205810 - 2019 - Handbook to the partners in flight population estimates database, version 3.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-08T07:08:41","indexId":"70205810","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-31T11:45:35","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5870,"text":"Partners in Flight Technical Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Handbook to the partners in flight population estimates database, version 3.0","docAbstract":"This document describes the content of Version 3.0 of the Partners in Flight (PIF) Population Estimates Database, which provides population estimates for breeding USA/Canada landbirds at several geographic scales following the Partners in Flight approach described initially in Rich et al. (2004) and by Rosenberg and Blancher (2005) and most recently refined by Stanton et al. (2019). The Handbook also provides details about how the estimates were derived, information on limitations and caveats, a guide to using the estimates, and future desired directions for improving the estimates.\n\nThis version of the database is intended as a companion to the Partners in Flight Landbird Conservation Plan: 2016 Revision for Canada and Continental United States (Rosenberg et al. 2016), although estimates for most species included in the database have been updated from those used in the 2016 Plan. Most of the estimates in the database are based on North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data for landbirds from the decade 2006–2015. The information in this 2019 Version of the Handbook, for Version 3.0 of the database, describes all changes that have been made to the database since 2007 (Version 1.0, cf. Blancher et al. 2007)—including the additions documented in the Handbook for Version 2.0 (Blancher et al. 2013)—and therefore serves as a single source document describing the current database.\n\nVersion 3.0 of the database addresses some of the recommendations suggested by Thogmartin et al. (2006) but does not yet fully address other limitations noted by Thogmartin et al. (2006), Blancher et al. (2007), Thogmartin (2010), Matsuoka et al. (2012), and Twedt (2015). By far, the most substantial change to the database comprises the incorporation of quantitative uncertainty bounds around population estimates for most species (see Stanton et al. 2019 for details). PIF Science anticipates that future versions of the database will occur in stages: first, improving elements of the basic PIF approach (e.g., incorporating more recent BBS data, updating Time of Day Adjustments, and refining Pair Adjustments); next, addressing additional concerns inherent in the PIF approach (e.g., replacing average maximum detection distance bins with research-derived species-specific effective detection radii); and later, perhaps replacing the sample-based PIF approach with a spatially-explicit, model-based (pixel-based) approach that more deliberately incorporates habitat and road biases and the proportion of birds available but not detected by current sampling methodology.\n\nThis current Version 3.1 of the Handbook updates citations in the Literature Cited and incorporates relatively minor improvements in text clarity over the previous 3.0 version. The content of the Population Estimates Database itself remains the same except for changes to the global and USA/Canada estimates for Northern Bobwhite and Black Vulture.","language":"English","publisher":"Partners in Flight and Bird Conservancy of the Rockies","usgsCitation":"Will, T., Stanton, J.C., Rosenberg, K.V., Panjabi, A.O., Camfield, A., Shaw, A., Thogmartin, W.E., and Blancher, P.J., 2019, Handbook to the partners in flight population estimates database, version 3.0: Partners in Flight Technical Publication 7, 38 p.","productDescription":"38 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106689","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368002,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pif.birdconservancy.org/PopEstimates/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Will, Tom","contributorId":149777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Will","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17821,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Jessica C. 0000-0002-6225-3703 jcstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-3703","contributorId":5634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jessica","email":"jcstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberg, Kenneth V.","contributorId":171463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":27615,"text":"Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Conservation Science Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panjabi, Arvind O.","contributorId":169967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panjabi","given":"Arvind","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":25644,"text":"Bird Conservancy of the Rockies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Camfield, Alaine","contributorId":219517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camfield","given":"Alaine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12590,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shaw, Allison","contributorId":219518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"Allison","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25644,"text":"Bird Conservancy of the Rockies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Blancher, Peter J.","contributorId":175182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blancher","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70205618,"text":"70205618 - 2019 - Using a GIS to populate 3D geocellular geologic models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-27T11:25:58","indexId":"70205618","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-31T11:25:48","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using a GIS to populate 3D geocellular geologic models","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic Mapping Forum 2019 Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geologic Mapping Forum","conferenceDate":"April 10-12, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D., and Cromwell, G., 2019, Using a GIS to populate 3D geocellular geologic models, in Geologic Mapping Forum 2019 Abstracts, Minneapolis, MN, April 10-12, 2019, p. 86-87.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"87","ipdsId":"IP-105944","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367772,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11299/202386"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. 0000-0003-0892-4796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-4796","contributorId":210808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cromwell, Geoffrey 0000-0001-8481-405X gcromwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-405X","contributorId":5920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromwell","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gcromwell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215493,"text":"70215493 - 2019 - Insights into pāhoehoe lava emplacement using visible and thermal structure-from-motion photogrammetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T15:51:11.366318","indexId":"70215493","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-31T10:47:05","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7167,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights into pāhoehoe lava emplacement using visible and thermal structure-from-motion photogrammetry","docAbstract":"We present the evolution over 3 months of a 2016–2017 pāhoehoe flow at Kīlauea as it changed from a narrow sheet flow into a compound lava field fed by a stable system of tubes. The portion of the flow located on Kīlauea's coastal plain was characterized using helicopter‐based visible and thermal structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry to construct a series of georeferenced digital surface models and thermal maps on eight different days. Results reveal key influences on the emplacement and evolution of such long‐lived pāhoehoe flows. This region of the flow grew by ~12 × 106 m3 with a near‐constant time‐average discharge rate of 1.2–2.7 m3/s. The development of two tube systems is captured and shows an initial nascent tube enhanced by a narrow topographic confinement, which later inflated and created a topographic inversion that modulated the emplacement of a second flow lobe with its own tube system. The analysis of breakouts at various stages of the field's life suggests that the evolution of the thermal and morphological properties of the flow surface reflect its maturity. Thermal properties of breakouts were used to expand the empirical relationship of breakout cooling to longer timescales. This study contributes to the long‐term development and validation of more accurate predictive models for pāhoehoe, required during the management of long‐lasting lava flow crises in Hawai'i and elsewhere.
Climate change is anticipated to exacerbate the extinction risk of species whose persistence is already compromised by habitat loss, invasive species, disease, or other stressors. In coastal areas of the southeastern United States (USA), many imperiled vertebrates are vulnerable to hurricanes, which climate models predict to become more severe in the 21st century. Despite this escalating threat, explicit adaptation strategies that address hurricane threats, in particular, and climate change more generally, are largely underrepresented in recovery planning and implementation. We provide a basis for stronger emphasis on strategic planning for imperiled species facing the increasing threat of catastrophic hurricanes. Our reasoning comes from observations of short‐term environmental and biological impacts of Hurricane Michael, which impacted the Gulf Coast of the southeastern USA in October 2018. During this storm, St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, located along the northern Gulf of Mexico's coast in the panhandle region of Florida, received storm surge that was 3.0–3.6 m (NAVD88) above sea level. Storm surge pushed sea water into some ephemeral freshwater ponds used for breeding by the federally threatened frosted flatwoods salamander (Ambystoma cingulatum). After the storm, specific conductance across all ponds measured varied from 80 to 23,100 µS/cm, compared to 75 to 445 µS/cm in spring 2018. For 17 overwashed wetlands that were measured in both spring and fall 2018, posthurricane conductance observations were, on average, more than 90 times higher than in the previous spring, setting the stage for varying population responses across this coastal landscape. Importantly, we found live individual flatwoods salamanders at both overwashed and non‐overwashed sites, although we cannot yet assess the demographic consequences of this storm. We outline actions that could be incorporated into climate adaptation strategies and recovery planning for imperiled species, like A. cingulatum, that are associated with freshwater coastal wetlands in hurricane‐prone regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.5277","usgsCitation":"Walls, S., Barichivich, W., Chandler, J., Meade, A.M., Milinichik, M., O'Donnell, K., Owens, M.E., Peacock, T., Reinman, J., Watling, R.C., and Wetsch, O.E., 2019, Seeking shelter from the storm: Conservation and management of imperiled species in a changing climate: Ecology and Evolution, v. 9, no. 12, p. 7122-7133, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5277.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"7122","endPage":"7133","ipdsId":"IP-104173","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467580,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5277","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9V4A2GV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Specific conductance of flatwood salamander breeding ponds: pre- and post-Hurricane Michael, 2013-2018"},{"id":364829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St Mark's National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.5013427734375,\n 29.897805610155874\n ],\n [\n -83.95889282226562,\n 29.897805610155874\n ],\n [\n -83.95889282226562,\n 30.18787014479982\n ],\n [\n -84.5013427734375,\n 30.18787014479982\n ],\n [\n -84.5013427734375,\n 29.897805610155874\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walls, Susan 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Jonathan","contributorId":216364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chandler","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meade, Ashley M.","contributorId":216365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meade","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milinichik, Marysa","contributorId":216366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milinichik","given":"Marysa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O'Donnell, Katherine 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Joseph","contributorId":187747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinman","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Watling, Rebecca C.","contributorId":216369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watling","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":39396,"text":"Conservation Legacy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wetsch, Olivia E.","contributorId":216370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetsch","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70251345,"text":"70251345 - 2019 - Variability in shelf sedimentation in response to fluvial sediment supply and coastal erosion over the past 1,000 years in Monterey Bay, CA, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-07T00:55:28.857949","indexId":"70251345","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-29T18:52:31","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability in shelf sedimentation in response to fluvial sediment supply and coastal erosion over the past 1,000 years in Monterey Bay, CA, United States","docAbstract":"Continental shelf environments are uniquely situated to capture some of the most dynamic processes on Earth including climatic variability and anthropogenic modifications to coastal systems. Understanding how these processes have affected sediment delivery and accumulation on the shelf in the past may provide insight into potential changes in the future. To address this, we investigated shelf sedimentation within Monterey Bay, California. Sediment cores were collected from four locations throughout the bay to capture both the modern and late Holocene sedimentological record using grain size analysis, and sediment chronologies determined from 210Pb, 137Cs, and 14C. From the grain size results we focused on the total percent sand, and established a Littoral Sand Fraction (LSF) index to assess sediment contribution from the littoral zone as a result coastal erosion. Grain size results from the multicores consistently showed an increase in sand over the past several decades (post 1970s). For the cores located within the bay proximal to three major rivers, the increase in sand corresponded to a general increase in the LSF over the same period. We attributed these trends to increased sediment contributions to the shelf due to accelerated coastal erosion in the region. This accelerated coastal erosion was likely the combined result of dam construction in the mid-twentieth century that limited fluvial supply to the coast, and a shift in climate toward wetter, stormier period. Applying these sediment characteristics back over the past ∼1,000 years we found that dry climatic periods resulted in deposits that were limited in total sand but enriched in littoral material suggesting elevated coastal erosion. During wet periods deposits were enriched in total sand but limited in littoral sand suggesting elevated fluvial supply and low erosion. Compared to the late Holocene record, the previous several decades represent a shift to a new regime, uncharacteristic of deposits over the past millennia, highlighting the impact humans have had on shelf sedimentation.
Recruitment of brown bear (Ursus arctos) offspring into a population is the product of initial cub production and subsequent survival and is a critical component of overall population status and trend. We investigated the relationship between maternal body size, body condition, and age (as a surrogate for gained experience) and recruitment of dependent offspring (≥1 yr old) in 4 Alaska, USA (2014–2017), brown bear populations using logistic regression. Body size alone was our top predictor of the presence of offspring and appeared in all top models. Our data suggest that bear size is the primary driver of productivity across all 4 study populations, with larger bears having a greater chance of being observed with offspring. The effect of body condition was likely confounded by the increased energetic costs of supporting cubs through time and had a negative relationship with recruitment. Age (experience) was positively related to recruitment. Understanding the relative importance of body size, body condition, and age on the recruitment of offspring provides insights into life-history trade-offs female bears must manage as they strive to meet the nutritional costs of cub production and rearing, while minimizing risks to themselves and their offspring. Further assessment of long-term longitudinal studies of brown bears that assess the lifetime reproductive output of individuals would be highly informative to further assess the effect of experience on recruitment and to support the management of brown bear populations for recovery, conservation, sustained yield, and ecosystem function.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2192/URSUS-D-18-00008.1","usgsCitation":"Hilderbrand, G., Gustine, D., Joly, K., Mangipane, B., Leacock, W., Cameron, M., Sorum, M., Mangipane, L., and Erlenbach, J., 2019, The influence of body size, condition, and age on recruitment of four Alaskan brown bear populations: Ursus, v. 2, no. 29, p. 111-118, https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-18-00008.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"118","ipdsId":"IP-081284","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2192/ursus-d-18-00008.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":364525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range, Gates of the Arctic National Park & Preserve, Katmai National Park & Preserve, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, Lake Clark National Park & Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.33496093749997,\n 55.99838095535963\n ],\n [\n -150.9521484375,\n 55.99838095535963\n ],\n [\n -150.9521484375,\n 62.67414334669093\n ],\n [\n -158.33496093749997,\n 62.67414334669093\n ],\n [\n -158.33496093749997,\n 55.99838095535963\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.13769531249997,\n 66.31986144668052\n ],\n [\n -147.3046875,\n 66.31986144668052\n ],\n [\n -147.3046875,\n 68.70448628851169\n ],\n [\n -156.13769531249997,\n 68.70448628851169\n ],\n [\n -156.13769531249997,\n 66.31986144668052\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"29","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hilderbrand, Grant V. 0000-0002-0051-8315 ghilderbrand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-8315","contributorId":199764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilderbrand","given":"Grant V.","email":"ghilderbrand@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":763923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gustine, David","contributorId":200449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gustine","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mangipane, Buck","contributorId":211731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangipane","given":"Buck","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leacock, William","contributorId":192123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leacock","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cameron, Matthew","contributorId":204963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cameron","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sorum, Mathew","contributorId":204962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sorum","given":"Mathew","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mangipane, Lindsey","contributorId":201731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangipane","given":"Lindsey","affiliations":[{"id":36244,"text":"MSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Erlenbach, Joy","contributorId":200750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erlenbach","given":"Joy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70203058,"text":"sir20195033 - 2019 - Simulation of the regional groundwater-flow system in the St. Louis River basin, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T15:53:37","indexId":"sir20195033","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-29T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5033","displayTitle":"Simulation of the Regional Groundwater-Flow System in the St. Louis River Basin, Minnesota","title":"Simulation of the regional groundwater-flow system in the St. Louis River basin, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The St. Louis River Basin (SLRB) covers 3,600 square miles in northeastern Minnesota, with headwaters in the Mesabi Range and extensive wetlands and lakes throughout the basin. To better understand the regional groundwater system in the SLRB, a two-dimensional, steady-state groundwater-flow model of the SLRB was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Ojibwe Bands, using the analytic-element computer code GFLOW. The parameter-estimation software suite PEST was used to obtain a best fit of the modeled to measured groundwater levels and streamflows. The calibrated regional model was locally refined to create a smaller version of the model, the central SLRB model, that was used to evaluate hydrologic effects from extensive ditching in wetlands of the central SLRB. The refinements included adding ditches that were not represented in the regional model and modifying the aquifer base elevation to be more representative of the localized area. The central SLRB model was recalibrated to better match the distribution of mapped wetlands. Two scenarios were run of the central SLRB model: one with ditches and one without ditches. The model results were compared between the two scenarios to assess the effect of ditching on the groundwater system and potential changes to hydrologic conditions that support wetlands.
Calibration of the regional SRLB model resulted in average horizontal hydraulic conductivity values of 6–39 feet per day for the glacial deposits and 3–4 feet per day for the uppermost fractured bedrock in the Biwabik Iron-Formation on the Mesabi Range. Average recharge across the calibrated model was 5.9 inches per year. Linesink resistance for the routed stream network was calibrated by using resistance categories based on the mapped soil hydrologic groups. The modeled regional groundwater-flow direction was generally to the south near the Mesabi Range topographic high and south or southwest across the rest of the basin.
The updated calibration of the central SLRB model resulted in average horizontal hydraulic conductivity values of 5–36 feet per day for the glacial deposits and 3 feet per day for the uppermost fractured Biwabik Iron-Formation of the Mesabi Range. Average recharge across the ditch scenarios was 4.1 inches per year. Comparison of the preditch and postditch model scenarios showed that ditching reduced the area where the modeled water table was within 1 foot of the land surface (a wetland hydrology indicator) in as much as 40,000 acres, or 37 percent, of mapped permanent wetlands in the SLRB. An increase in the depth to the water table in wetland areas has the potential to degrade wetland persistence or function.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195033","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Ojibwe Bands","usgsCitation":"Haserodt, M.J., Hunt, R.J., Cowdery, T.K., Leaf, A.T., and Baker, A.C., 2019, Simulation of the regional groundwater-flow system in the St. Louis River Basin, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5033, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195033.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 41 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-103278","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437445,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KUJ0L3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"GFLOW Groundwater Flow Model of the St. Louis River Basin, Minnesota"},{"id":437444,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
The Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) is the principal water source for industrial and public supply in Glynn County, Georgia. Wells in active pumping centers that tap the UFA for industries near the city of Brunswick have created an upward hydraulic-head gradient in the Floridan aquifer system, which has allowed high chloride (saline) groundwater from the Fernandina permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer (LFA) to migrate upward into freshwater zones. Chloride concentrations of more than 250 milligrams per liter—the State and Federal secondary drinking-water standard—have been measured in a 2-square-mile area near downtown Brunswick.
An existing regional U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference groundwater-flow model (MODFLOW-2000) was modified using greater horizontal and vertical resolution to enable more detailed simulation of the effects of pumping in the vicinity of chloride contamination. Modifications to the regional model consisted of (1) limiting grid size to a maximum of 500 feet (ft) per side in the vicinity of the chloride plume; (2) representing the upper and lower Brunswick aquifers with distinct model layers; (3) similarly, representing upper and lower water-bearing zones of the UFA with distinct model layers in Glynn and Camden Counties, Ga.; and (4) establishing new hydraulic-property geographic zones in the UFA within Glynn County. The revised groundwater-flow model was calibrated to steady-state conditions that were assumed to exist during 2000 and 2004. The calibration and framework of the revised groundwater-flow model were documented in a separate report. For the current study, steady-state conditions were calibrated using October 2015 pumping rates in the Brunswick/Glynn County area as a 2015 Base Case. The 2015 Base Case simulation was used as the basis to evaluate seven groundwater-management scenarios in the Brunswick/Glynn County area.
Seven groundwater management-scenarios were developed on the basis of short- and long-term groundwater-use projections for the UFA in the Brunswick/Glynn County area. Scenarios A and B simulated additional pumping in the upper water-bearing zone (UWBZ) of the UFA at existing public-supply wells located near a chloride plume and planned public-supply wells to be constructed north of downtown Brunswick. Scenario C simulated a shutdown at Brunswick Cellulose Inc. and Pinova Inc. and the resulting deactivation of nine production wells, with a combined total pumping of 31.3 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) for the 2015 Base Case simulation. Scenario D (three scenarios) simulated 12.5, 25, and 50 percent (designated Scenarios D1, D2, and D3) of the total pumping of 31.3 Mgal/d at Brunswick Cellulose and Pinova. The objective of Scenario D was to determine pumping rates that may reverse groundwater-flow directions toward the Brunswick Cellulose well field and potentially allow groundwater with higher chloride concentration to migrate toward nearby public-supply wells. Scenario E simulated an additional pumping of 5 Mgal/d from the UWBZ of the UFA at a recently constructed production well within the Brunswick Cellulose well field.
Backward particle-tracking (MODPATH) analysis in public-supply wells located just outside the chloride plume to the north shows that predominant groundwater-flow directions are from the northeast toward the Brunswick Cellulose well field. The analysis covered 20- and 50-year periods for the 2015 Base Case and Scenario C simulations with 100 percent of backtracked particles remaining in the UWBZ and lower water-bearing zone of the UFA. Groundwater-flow directions are characterized by some vertical movement and dominant horizontal movement away from the chloride plume in the northern Brunswick area. For the 2015 Base Case simulation, the mean rate of particle movement ranged from 268 to 413 feet per year. For the Scenario C simulation, the mean rate of particle movement ranged from 89 to 182 feet per year with 50 percent of particles migrating from the chloride plume area. The rate of particle movement is influenced most by the horizontal hydraulic-head gradient in the UWBZ of the UFA.
The revised groundwater-flow model is subject to the limitations documented in the original model. In addition, the values used for the specified-head boundaries in the Floridan aquifer system for the 2004 calibrated model were based on the sparse data available and were not changed for the 2015 update to the model. These model boundaries control 80 percent of the inflows and about 60 percent of the outflows. Composite-scaled sensitivities of the model parameters indicate the revised model is most sensitive to pumping rates, followed by the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the UFA for zones along coastal Georgia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Brunswick-Glynn County Joint Water and Sewer Commission and the Georgia Environmental Protection Division","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., 2019, Simulation of groundwater flow in the Brunswick area, Georgia, for 2004 and 2015, and selected groundwater-management scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5035, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195035.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 70 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-089920","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364052,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5035/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":364054,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
To assess the effectiveness of protected areas in two catchment scales (local and network) in conserving regionally common fluvial fishes using modelled species distributions.
Conterminous United States.
A total of 150 species were selected that were geographically widespread, abundant, non‐habitat specialists and native within nine large ecoregions. Species distribution models were developed using boosted regression trees, and modelled distributions were assessed for protection status under two alternatives: lands strictly managed for biodiversity (Highly Restricted Use) and those allowing multiple uses (Multiple Use), with protection target levels (i.e., the amount of protected area required for protection) for local and network catchments being developed from ecoregion‐based urban and agricultural land use thresholds from fish responses.
Overall, less than 2% of fluvial catchments in the conterminous USA are meeting both local and network catchment protection target levels under the Highly Restricted Use alternative, whereas 16% of catchments met protection levels for the Multiple Use alternative, with protection largely concentrated in the western USA. For common native species distributions within ecoregions, only one species had >10% of streams meeting combined local and network catchment protection target levels under the Highly Restricted Use alternative, whereas 50 distributions (~14% of species distribution models) met this level under the Multiple Use alternative.
Even for fishes considered widespread and abundant, protection levels are lacking, particularly when considering only lands that are actively managed for biodiversity. Given the increasing intensification of anthropogenic activities and substantial uncertainty associated with climate change, considering the conservation status for all species, including those currently considered common, is warranted.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12937","usgsCitation":"Cooper, A.R., Tsang, Y., Infante, D.M., Daniel, W.M., McKerrow, A., and Wieferich, D.J., 2019, Protected areas lacking for many common fluvial fishes of the conterminous USA: Diversity and Distributions, v. 25, no. 8, p. 1289-1303, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12937.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1289","endPage":"1303","ipdsId":"IP-101901","costCenters":[{"id":38128,"text":"Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12937","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AHFPIN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Ecoregion Based Aquatic Gap Distribution Models for Common Fluvial Fishes of the Conterminous 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0000-0002-7656-8474","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-8474","contributorId":215451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daniel","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKerrow, Alexa 0000-0002-8312-2905 amckerrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-2905","contributorId":127753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKerrow","given":"Alexa","email":"amckerrow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wieferich, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1554-7992 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Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growing pains of crowdsourced stream stage monitoring using mobile phones: The development of CrowdHydrology","docAbstract":"Citizen science-based approaches to monitor the natural environment tend to be bimodal in maturity. Older and established programs such as the Audubon’s Christmas bird count and Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) have thousands of participants across decades of observations, while less mature citizen science projects have shorter lifespans often focused on local or regional observations with tens or hundreds of participants. For the latter, it can be difficult to transition into a more mature and sustainable citizen science-based research program. This paper focuses on this transition by evaluating CrowdHydrology (ca. 2010), a citizen science project that has transitioned from a regional to national network. It evaluates the data accuracy, citizen participation, and station popularity. The CrowdHydrology network asks citizens to send in text messages of water levels in streams and lakes, which has resulted in 16,294 observations submitted by over 8,000 unique participants at 120 unique locations. Using water level data and participation records from CrowdHydrology, we analyze the expansion and citizen participation from a regional to national citizen science network. We identify barriers to participation and evaluate why some citizen science observation stations are popular while others are not. We explore our chosen contributory program model for CrowdHydrology and the influence this model has had on long-term participation. Results demonstrate a highly variable rate of contributions of citizen scientists. This paper proposes hypotheses on why many of our observations are from one-time participants and why some monitoring stations are more popular than others. Finally, we address the future expansion of the CrowdHydrology network by evaluating successful monitoring locations and growing interest of watershed groups to expand the network of gauges.","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers in Earth Science","doi":"10.3389/feart.2019.00128","usgsCitation":"Lowry, C., Fienen, M.N., Hall, D.M., and Stepenuck, K., 2019, Growing pains of crowdsourced stream stage monitoring using mobile phones: The development of CrowdHydrology: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 7, no. 128, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00128.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107829","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00128","text":"Publisher Index 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Christopher","contributorId":215879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowry","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":37334,"text":"University at Buffalo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":171511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Damon M.","contributorId":215880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Damon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stepenuck, Kristine","contributorId":215881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stepenuck","given":"Kristine","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203752,"text":"70203752 - 2019 - Explosive summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano in 1924 preceded by a decade of crustal contamination and anomalous Pb isotope ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-10T09:46:30","indexId":"70203752","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-28T09:38:16","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Explosive summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano in 1924 preceded by a decade of crustal contamination and anomalous Pb isotope ratios","docAbstract":"A geochemical time-series analysis of lavas from frequently active basaltic volcanoes has the potential to reveal the enigmatic mantle controls on volcanic behavior and hazards. In May 1924, the century-long lava lake within Halemaʻumaʻu pit crater at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano drained and the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu collapsed, triggering ∼3 weeks of phreatic explosions due to the interaction of groundwater with hot rock. For the next three decades, eruptions at Kīlauea were sporadic (the longest hiatus was from 1934 to 1952), small in volume, and short (typically <1 month long). Here, we show that the Pb isotope ratios of Kīlauea lava groundmass and tephra glass samples erupted from 1912 to 1954 are anomalous and unusually variable. Many of the samples have elevated 207Pb/204Pb ratios (at a given 206Pb/204Pb), ranging up to ∼0.05 higher than is typical for Kīlauea lavas. The variations in 206Pb/204Pb for samples from 1912–1913 (∼0.055), 1917–1921 (∼0.120), 1923 (∼0.065), and 1952–1954 (∼0.037) are larger over short time periods (∼1–4 yr) than observed during the Puʻu ʻŌʻō rift eruption (only ∼0.031 from 1986 to 2012). These Pb isotopic signatures resulted from variable amounts of crustal contamination (most likely by Pb-rich hydrothermal sulfide minerals with high 207Pb/204Pb ratios) as the parental magmas transited the ∼110 Ma Pacific oceanic crust. This crustal contamination was not directly related to the shallow volcanic events of 1924. Instead, mantle-driven processes at Kīlauea during the previous century—a factor of ∼2 decrease in the degree of partial melting of an increasingly refractory source—led to a decline in the magma supply rate, a major disruption of the magmatic plumbing system, and, for at least a decade prior to 1924, crustal contamination at or below the base of the volcanic edifice (>10 km). The Pb isotopic heterogeneity of the samples on short length (hand specimen to lava flow) and time (∼1–4 yr) scales can be explained by inefficient mixing as small batches of contaminated magma were delivered to the remnants of Kīlauea’s summit magma storage reservoir. Our results confirm that the Pb isotope ratios of basalts from ocean-island volcanoes may be significantly modified by assimilation of materials from the underlying oceanic crust. In particular, the 207Pb/204Pb ratio may be a sensitive tracer of such crustal contamination at Hawaiian shield volcanoes. Mauna Loa lavas display a factor of ∼5 more scatter towards higher 207Pb/204Pb at a given 206Pb/204Pb ratio than most Kīlauea lavas (excluding the samples from 1912 to 1954). This might be caused by more pervasive crustal contamination at Mauna Loa due to its lower magma supply rate over the last ∼4 kyr.