The effects of irrigation canals and the North Platte River on groundwater in western Nebraska, USA, were evaluated using chemical and isotopic data. The data indicated that groundwater in the associated alluvium generally is <20 years old with estimated recharge rates from about 10 to >100 cm year-1. Most groundwater is derived from surface water, as shown by H2O and U isotope analyses. Seasonal losses of canal water to the aquifer cause changes in groundwater quality. In the deepest parts of the alluvium, some water quality may reflect precipitation recharge, older river water, or cross-formational flow. The distribution and isotopic composition of NO3 - are consistent with increased fertilizer use over time. Relatively high U concentrations in groundwater may be attributed to dissolution of volcanic ash or other minerals in underlying bedrocks. The relatively high concentration of U in surface water at times is attributed to seepage from U-rich groundwater and flow of U-rich surface water from a tributary.
The effects of irrigation canals and the North Platte River on groundwater in western Nebraska, USA, were evaluated using chemical and isotopic data. The data indicated that groundwater in the associated alluvium generally is <20 years old with estimated recharge rates from about 10 to >100 cm year-1. Most groundwater is derived from surface water, as shown by H2O and U isotope analyses. Seasonal losses of canal water to the aquifer cause changes in groundwater quality. In the deepest parts of the alluvium, some water quality may reflect precipitation recharge, older river water, or cross-formational flow. The distribution and isotopic composition of NO3 - are consistent with increased fertilizer use over time. Relatively high U concentrations in groundwater may be attributed to dissolution of volcanic ash or other minerals in underlying bedrock. The relatively high concentration of U in surface water at times is attributed to seepage from U-rich groundwater and flow of U-rich surface water from a tributary.
","conferenceTitle":"TraM'2000: The International Conference on 'Tracers and Modelling in Hydrology'","conferenceDate":"May 23-26, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Liege, Belgium","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Verstraeten, I., Böhlke, J., and Kraemer, T.F., 2000, Groundwater/surface-water interactions and sources of nitrogen and uranium in an irrigated area of Nebraska, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 262, p. 525-531.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"531","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"262","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dd5e4b0c8380cd5c07f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M.","contributorId":61033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022925,"text":"70022925 - 2000 - The use of principal component analysis for interpreting ground water hydrographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T17:36:12.093462","indexId":"70022925","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of principal component analysis for interpreting ground water hydrographs","docAbstract":"Principal component analysis was used to define patterns in water table hydrographs at four small, lake-watershed research sites in the United States. The analysis provided insights into (1) characteristics of ground water recharge in different parts of the watersheds; (2) the effect of seepage from lakes on water table fluctuations; and (3) the effect of differences in geologic properties on water table fluctuations. At two sites where all of the water table wells were completed in permeable deposits, glacial out-wash in Minnesota and dune sand in Nebraska, the patterns of water table fluctuation primarily reflected timing and magnitude of recharge. The water table had more frequent and wider ranges in fluctuations where it was shallow compared with where it was deep. At two sites where the water table wells were completed in sand or till, a glaciated mountain valley in New Hampshire and stagnation moraine in North Dakota, the patterns of water table fluctuations were strongly related to the type of geologic unit in which the wells are completed. Furthermore, at the New Hampshire site, the patterns of water table fluctuations were clearly different for wells completed in sand downgradient of a lake compared with those completed in sandy terraces on a mountainside. The study indicates that principal component analysis would be particularly useful for summarizing large data sets for the purpose of selecting index wells for long-term monitoring, which would greatly reduce the cost of monitoring programs.Principal component analysis was used to define patterns in water table hydrographs at four small, lake-watershed research sites in the United States. The analysis provided insights into (1) characteristics of ground water recharge in different parts of the watersheds; (2) the effect of seepage from lakes on water table fluctuations; and (3) the effect of differences in geologic properties on water table fluctuations. At two sites where all of the water table wells were completed in permeable deposits, glacial outwash in Minnesota and dune sand in Nebraska, the patterns of water table fluctuation primarily reflected timing and magnitude of recharge. The water table had more frequent and wider ranges in fluctuations where it was shallow compared with where it was deep. At two sites where the water table wells were completed in sand or till, a glaciated mountain valley in New Hampshire and stagnation-moraine in North Dakota, the patterns of water table fluctuations were strongly related to the type of geologic unit in which the wells are completed. Furthermore, at the New Hampshire site, the patterns of water table fluctuations were clearly different for wells completed in sand downgradient of a lake compared with those completed in sandy terraces on a mountainside. The study indicates that principal component analysis would be particularly useful for summarizing large data sets for the purpose of selecting index wells for long-term monitoring, which would greatly reduce the cost of monitoring programs.","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Westerville, OH, United States","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00335.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., Mallory, S., Allen, T., and Rosenberry, D., 2000, The use of principal component analysis for interpreting ground water hydrographs: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 2, p. 234-246, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00335.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"234","endPage":"246","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Lake, Island Lake, Mirror Lake, Williams Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.327392578125,\n 46.88647742351024\n ],\n [\n -98.69018554687499,\n 46.88647742351024\n ],\n [\n -98.69018554687499,\n 47.15517092451596\n ],\n [\n -99.327392578125,\n 47.15517092451596\n ],\n [\n -99.327392578125,\n 46.88647742351024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.6085205078125,\n 46.880845705719146\n ],\n [\n -94.141845703125,\n 46.880845705719146\n ],\n [\n -94.141845703125,\n 47.46523622438362\n ],\n [\n -95.6085205078125,\n 47.46523622438362\n ],\n [\n -95.6085205078125,\n 46.880845705719146\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.39017486572266,\n 41.727767829957344\n ],\n [\n -102.39068984985352,\n 41.73814419185054\n ],\n [\n -102.3841667175293,\n 41.743267702902706\n ],\n [\n -102.3845100402832,\n 41.74685391740972\n ],\n [\n -102.39017486572266,\n 41.75069606781304\n ],\n [\n -102.3951530456543,\n 41.75031186312044\n ],\n [\n -102.39738464355469,\n 41.74826273259059\n ],\n [\n -102.39686965942381,\n 41.74390811304135\n ],\n [\n -102.39978790283203,\n 41.741474520533856\n ],\n [\n -102.40751266479492,\n 41.74019364532566\n ],\n [\n -102.41197586059569,\n 41.73801609883667\n ],\n [\n -102.41197586059569,\n 41.73417318961959\n ],\n [\n -102.40699768066406,\n 41.73033005046653\n ],\n [\n -102.40407943725585,\n 41.73033005046653\n ],\n [\n -102.4009895324707,\n 41.72546174412562\n ],\n [\n -102.39292144775389,\n 41.72558986217671\n ],\n [\n -102.39017486572266,\n 41.727767829957344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.6901683807373,\n 43.94061373683879\n ],\n [\n -71.69025421142578,\n 43.94129356810291\n ],\n [\n -71.68896675109862,\n 43.94249870442095\n ],\n [\n -71.68999671936035,\n 43.94358021621487\n ],\n [\n -71.68991088867188,\n 43.94447631108222\n ],\n [\n -71.69257164001465,\n 43.945774079701465\n ],\n [\n -71.69415950775146,\n 43.9462684602945\n ],\n [\n -71.69583320617676,\n 43.94599037171685\n ],\n [\n -71.69570446014404,\n 43.945094299672476\n ],\n [\n -71.69626235961914,\n 43.94447631108222\n ],\n [\n -71.69557571411133,\n 43.9429004110983\n ],\n [\n -71.69415950775146,\n 43.94200429247648\n ],\n [\n -71.69325828552245,\n 43.94234420112998\n ],\n [\n -71.69149875640869,\n 43.94123176558195\n ],\n [\n -71.6916275024414,\n 43.94067554000222\n ],\n [\n -71.69051170349121,\n 43.94018111289605\n ],\n [\n -71.6901683807373,\n 43.94061373683879\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb195e4b08c986b325350","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. 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The scientific goals of these missions address several poorly understood and globally significant issues, such as polar meteorology, the composition and volatile content of the layered deposits, the erosional state and mass balance of their surface, their possible relationship to climate cycles, and the nature of bright and dark aeolian material. Derived thermal inertias of the southern layered deposits are very low (50-100 J m-2 s-1/2 K-1), suggesting that the surface down to a depth of a few centimeters is generally fine grained or porous and free of an appreciable amount of rock or ice. The landing site region is smoother than typical cratered terrain on ∼1 km pixel-1 Viking Orbiter images but contains low-relief texture on ∼5 to 100 m pixel-1 Mariner 9 and Mars Global Surveyor images. The surface of the southern deposits is older than that of the northern deposits and appears to be modified by aeolian erosion or ablation of ground ice.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001108","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Vasavada, A., Williams, J., Paige, D.A., Herkenhoff, K.E., Bridges, N.T., Greeley, R., Murray, B.C., Bass, D.S., and McBride, K.S., 2000, Surface properties of Mars' polar layered deposits and polar landing sites: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 105, no. E3, p. 6961-6969, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001108.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6961","endPage":"6969","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"105","issue":"E3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fb9e4b08c986b31e7cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vasavada, Ashwin R.","contributorId":84125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vasavada","given":"Ashwin R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Jean-Pierre","contributorId":90507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paige, David A.","contributorId":107891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paige","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bridges, Nathan T.","contributorId":45005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Murray, Bruce C.","contributorId":61992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bass, Deborah S.","contributorId":36718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bass","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McBride, Karen S.","contributorId":9817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70022932,"text":"70022932 - 2000 - Development of an integrative sampler for polar organic chemicals in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022932","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":610,"text":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of an integrative sampler for polar organic chemicals in water","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"219th ACS National Meeting","conferenceDate":"26 March 2000 through 30 March 2000","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","issn":"00933066","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, D., Petty, J.D., Huckins, J., and Manahan, S., 2000, Development of an integrative sampler for polar organic chemicals in water: ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints, v. 40, no. 1, p. 71-74.","startPage":"71","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a004fe4b0c8380cd4f6c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, D.A.","contributorId":39481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. 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The fuel burned at that time was a blend of many low-sulfur, high-volatile bituminous Central Appalachian coals. The baghouse ash showed less variation between units than the mechanical hoppers. The mechanical fly ash, coarser than the baghouse ash, showed significant differences in the amount of total carbon and in the ratio of isotropic coke to both total carbon and total coke - the latter excluding inertinite and other unburned, uncoked coal. There was no significant variation in proportions of inorganic fly ash constituents. The inter-unit differences in the amount and forms of mechanical fly ash carbon appear to be related to differences in pulverizer efficiency, leading to greater amounts of coarse coal, therefore unburned carbon, in one of the units. Mercury capture is a function of both the total carbon content and the gas temperature at the point of fly ash separation, mercury content increasing with an increase in carbon for a specific collection system. Mercury adsorption on fly ash carbon increases at lower flue-gas temperatures. Baghouse fly ash, collected at a lower temperature than the higher-carbon mechanically separated fly ash, contains a significantly greater amount of Hg.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy and Fuels","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","doi":"10.1021/ef9901488","issn":"08870624","usgsCitation":"Hower, J., Finkelman, R.B., Rathbone, R., and Goodman, J., 2000, Intra- and inter-unit variation in fly ash petrography and mercury adsorption: Examples from a western Kentucky power station: Energy and Fuels, v. 14, no. 1, p. 212-216, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef9901488.","startPage":"212","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208124,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef9901488"},{"id":233590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3db9e4b0c8380cd637b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finkelman, R. 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Wolves trapped from 1973 to 1980 were taken to establish a captive breeding program that was used to repatriate 2 mainland and 3 island red wolf populations. We collected data from 320 red wolf releases in these areas and classified each as a success or failure based on survival and reproductive criteria, and whether recaptures were necessary to resolve conflicts with humans. We evaluated the relations between release success and conditions at the release sites, characteristics of released wolves, and release procedures. Although <44% of the variation in release success was explained, model performance based on jackknife tests indicated a 72-80% correct prediction rate for the 4 operational models we developed. The models indicated that success was associated with human influences on the landscape and the level of wolf habituation to humans prior to release. We applied the models to 31 prospective areas for wolf repatriation and calculated an index of release success for each area. Decision-makers can use these models to objectively rank prospective release areas and compare strengths and weaknesses of each.
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Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023124,"text":"70023124 - 2000 - A comparison of solute-transport solution techniques based on inverse modelling results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70023124","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A comparison of solute-transport solution techniques based on inverse modelling results","docAbstract":"Five common numerical techniques (finite difference, predictor-corrector, total-variation-diminishing, method-of-characteristics, and modified-method-of-characteristics) were tested using simulations of a controlled conservative tracer-test experiment through a heterogeneous, two-dimensional sand tank. The experimental facility was constructed using randomly distributed homogeneous blocks of five sand types. This experimental model provides an outstanding opportunity to compare the solution techniques because of the heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity distribution of known structure, and the availability of detailed measurements with which to compare simulated concentrations. The present work uses this opportunity to investigate how three common types of results-simulated breakthrough curves, sensitivity analysis, and calibrated parameter values-change in this heterogeneous situation, given the different methods of simulating solute transport. The results show that simulated peak concentrations, even at very fine grid spacings, varied because of different amounts of numerical dispersion. Sensitivity analysis results were robust in that they were independent of the solution technique. They revealed extreme correlation between hydraulic conductivity and porosity, and that the breakthrough curve data did not provide enough information about the dispersivities to estimate individual values for the five sands. However, estimated hydraulic conductivity values are significantly influenced by both the large possible variations in model dispersion and the amount of numerical dispersion present in the solution technique.Five common numerical techniques (finite difference, predictor-corrector, total-variation-diminishing, method-of-characteristics, and modified-method-of-characteristics) were tested using simulations of a controlled conservative tracer-test experiment through a heterogeneous, two-dimensional sand tank. The experimental facility was constructed using randomly distributed homogeneous blocks of five sand types. This experimental model provides an outstanding opportunity to compare the solution techniques because of the heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity distribution of known structure, and the availability of detailed measurements with which to compare simulated concentrations. The present work uses this opportunity to investigate how three common types of results - simulated breakthrough curves, sensitivity analysis, and calibrated parameter values - change in this heterogeneous situation, given the different methods of simulating solute transport. The results show that simulated peak concentrations, even at very fine grid spacings, varied because of different amounts of numerical dispersion. Sensitivity analysis results were robust in that they were independent of the solution technique. They revealed extreme correlation between hydraulic conductivity and porosity, and that the breakthrough curve data did not provide enough information about the dispersivities to estimate individual values for the five sands. However, estimated hydraulic conductivity values are significantly influenced by both the large possible variations in model dispersion and the amount of numerical dispersion present in the solution technique.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"ModelCARE'99 Conference","conferenceDate":"20 September 1999 through 23 September 1999","conferenceLocation":"Zurich, Switz","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX, United States","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Mehl, S., and Hill, M.C., 2000, A comparison of solute-transport solution techniques based on inverse modelling results, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 265, Zurich, Switz, 20 September 1999 through 23 September 1999, p. 205-212.","startPage":"205","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"265","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e375e4b0c8380cd46036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehl, S.","contributorId":20114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023118,"text":"70023118 - 2000 - Aerobic microbial mineralization of dichloroethene as sole carbon substrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T09:51:20","indexId":"70023118","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aerobic microbial mineralization of dichloroethene as sole carbon substrate","docAbstract":"Microorganisms indigenous to the bed sediments of a black- water stream utilized 1,2-dichloroethene (1,2-DCE) as a sole carbon substrate for aerobic metabolism. Although no evidence of growth was observed in the minimal salts culture media used in this study, efficient aerobic microbial mineralization of 1,2-DCE as sole carbon substrate was maintained through three sequential transfers (107 final dilution) of the original environmental innoculum. These results indicate that 1,2-DCE can be utilized as a primary substrate to support microbial metabolism under aerobic conditions.Microorganisms indigenous to the bed sediments of a black-water stream utilized 1,2-dichloroethene (1,2-DCE) as a sole carbon substrate for aerobic metabolism. Although no evidence of growth was observed in the minimal salts culture media used in this study, efficient aerobic microbial mineralization of 1,2-DCE as sole carbon substrate was maintained through three sequential transfers (107 final dilution) of the original environmental innoculum. These results indicate that 1,2-DCE can be utilized as a primary substrate to support microbial metabolism under aerobic conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es990785c","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 2000, Aerobic microbial mineralization of dichloroethene as sole carbon substrate: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 221-223, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990785c.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"223","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es990785c"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e71fe4b0c8380cd4786d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022931,"text":"70022931 - 2000 - Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022931","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":610,"text":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"219th ACS National Meeting","conferenceDate":"26 March 2000 through 30 March 2000","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","issn":"00933066","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, M., and Thurman, E., 2000, Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints, v. 40, no. 1, p. 428-430.","startPage":"428","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffbae4b0c8380cd4f373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, M.E.","contributorId":6627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023117,"text":"70023117 - 2000 - Clostridium perfringens in Long Island Sound sediments: An urban sedimentary record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T13:39:15","indexId":"70023117","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clostridium perfringens in Long Island Sound sediments: An urban sedimentary record","docAbstract":"Clostridium perfringens is a conservative tracer and an indicator of sewage-derived pollution in the marine environment. The distribution of Clostridium perfringens spores was measured in sediments from Long Island Sound, USA, as part of a regional study designed to: (1) map the distribution of contaminated sediments; (2) determine transport and dispersal paths; (3) identify the locations of sediment and contaminant focusing; and (4) constrain predictive models. In 1996, sediment cores were collected at 58 stations, and surface sediments were collected at 219 locations throughout the Sound. Elevated concentrations of Clostridium perfringens in the sediments indicate that sewage pollution is present throughout Long Island Sound and has persisted for more than a century. Concentrations range from undetectable amounts to 15,000 spores/g dry sediment and are above background levels in the upper 30 cm at nearly all core locations. Sediment focusing strongly impacts the accumulation of Clostridium perfringens spores. Inventories in the cores range from 28 to 70,000 spores/cm2, and elevated concentrations can extend to depths of 50 cm. The steep gradients in Clostridium perfringens profiles in muddier cores contrast with concentrations that are generally constant with depth in sandier cores. Clostridium perfringens concentrations rarely decrease in the uppermost sediment, unlike those reported for metal contaminants. Concentrations in surface sediments are highest in the western end of the Sound, very low in the eastern region, and intermediate in the central part. This pattern reflects winnowing and focusing of Clostridium perfringens spores and fine-grained sediment by the hydrodynamic regime; however, the proximity of sewage sources to the westernmost Sound locally enhances the Clostridium perfringens signals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., Mecray, E., and Galvin, E., 2000, Clostridium perfringens in Long Island Sound sediments: An urban sedimentary record: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 591-612.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"612","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f675e4b0c8380cd4c793","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mecray, E.L.","contributorId":14840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mecray","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galvin, E.L.","contributorId":80043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galvin","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023131,"text":"70023131 - 2000 - Dissolved organic nitrogen budgets for upland, forested ecosystems in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023131","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved organic nitrogen budgets for upland, forested ecosystems in New England","docAbstract":"Relatively high deposition of nitrogen (N) in the northeastern United States has caused concern because sites could become N saturated. In the past, mass-balance studies have been used to monitor the N status of sites and to investigate the impact of increased N deposition. Typically, these efforts have focused on dissolved inorganic forms of N (DIN = NH4-N + NO3-N) and have largely ignored dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) due to difficulties in its analysis. Recent advances in the measurement of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) have facilitated measurement of DON as the residual of TDN - DIN. We calculated DON and DIN budgets using data on precipitation and streamwater chemistry collected from 9 forested watersheds at 4 sites in New England. TDN in precipitation was composed primarily of DIN. Net retention of TDN ranged from 62 to 89% (4.7 to 10 kg ha-1 yr-1) of annual inputs. DON made up the majority of TDN in stream exports, suggesting that inclusion of DON is critical to assessing N dynamics even in areas with large anthropogenic inputs of DIN. Despite the dominance of DON in streamwater, precipitation inputs of DON were approximately equal to outputs. DON concentrations in streamwater did not appear significantly influenced by seasonal biological controls, but did increase with discharge on some watersheds. Streamwater NO3-N was the only fraction of N that exhibited a seasonal pattern, with concentrations increasing during the winter months and peaking during snowmelt runoff. Concentrations of NO3-N varied considerably among watersheds and are related to DOC:DON ratios in streamwater. Annual DIN exports were negatively correlated with streamwater DOC:DON ratios, indicating that these ratios might be a useful index of N status of upland forests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1006383731753","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Campbell, J., Hornbeck, J., McDowell, W.H., Buso, D., Shanley, J.B., and Likens, G., 2000, Dissolved organic nitrogen budgets for upland, forested ecosystems in New England: Biogeochemistry, v. 49, no. 2, p. 123-142, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006383731753.","startPage":"123","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006383731753"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a023ae4b0c8380cd4ff64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, J.L.","contributorId":20488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornbeck, J.W.","contributorId":63578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornbeck","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDowell, W. H.","contributorId":88532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buso, D.C.","contributorId":31392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Likens, G.E.","contributorId":68893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70023103,"text":"70023103 - 2000 - Metal exposure in a benthic macroinvertebrate, Hydropsyche californica, related to mine drainage in the Sacramento River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T05:51:27","indexId":"70023103","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Metal exposure in a benthic macroinvertebrate, Hydropsyche californica, related to mine drainage in the Sacramento River","title":"Metal exposure in a benthic macroinvertebrate, Hydropsyche californica, related to mine drainage in the Sacramento River","docAbstract":"A biomonitoring technique was employed to complement studies of metal transport in the upper Sacramento River affected by acid mine drainage. Metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, and Zn) were determined in a resident invertebrate, Hydropsyche californica (Insecta: Trichoptera), and streambed sediments (<62 µm) to assess metal contamination within a 111-km section of the river downstream of the mining area. Metals in H. californica also were interpreted to be broadly indicative of metal exposure in fish. Total Hg was determined in the whole body of the insect, whereas Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn were additionally separated into operationally defined cytosolic (used as an indicator of exposure to bioavailable metal) and particulate fractions. Total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in sediments were consistent with documented upstream sources of acid mine drainage. Metal distribution patterns in H. californica and sediments were generally consistent for Cd, Cu, and Pb but inconsistent for Hg and Zn. Concentrations in H. californica indicated that bioavailable Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn was transported at least 120 km downstream of the mine sources. Zinc in H. californica was elevated, but unlike sediments, did not decrease downstream. Mercury in H. californica was not elevated.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f99-260","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Carter, J.L., Fend, S.V., Luoma, S.N., Alpers, C.N., and Taylor, H.E., 2000, Metal exposure in a benthic macroinvertebrate, Hydropsyche californica, related to mine drainage in the Sacramento River: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 2, p. 380-390, https://doi.org/10.1139/f99-260.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"390","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a547de4b0c8380cd6cfbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fend, Steven V. 0000-0002-4638-6602 svfend@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":3591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"Steven","email":"svfend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70023109,"text":"70023109 - 2000 - Predictive modelling of flow in a two-dimensional intermediate-scale, heterogeneous porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023109","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Predictive modelling of flow in a two-dimensional intermediate-scale, heterogeneous porous media","docAbstract":"To better understand the role of sedimentary structures in flow through porous media, and to determine how small-scale laboratory-measured values of hydraulic conductivity relate to in situ values this work deterministically examines flow through simple, artificial structures constructed for a series of intermediate-scale (10 m long), two-dimensional, heterogeneous, laboratory experiments. Nonlinear regression was used to determine optimal values of in situ hydraulic conductivity, which were compared to laboratory-measured values. Despite explicit numerical representation of the heterogeneity, the optimized values were generally greater than the laboratory-measured values. Discrepancies between measured and optimal values varied depending on the sand sieve size, but their contribution to error in the predicted flow was fairly consistent for all sands. Results indicate that, even under these controlled circumstances, laboratory-measured values of hydraulic conductivity need to be applied to models cautiously.To better understand the role of sedimentary structures in flow through porous media, and to determine how small-scale laboratory-measured values of hydraulic conductivity relate to in situ values this work deterministically examines flow through simple, artificial structures constructed for a series of intermediate-scale (10 m long), two-dimensional, heterogeneous, laboratory experiments. Nonlinear regression was used to determine optimal values of in situ hydraulic conductivity, which were compared to laboratory-measured values. Despite explicit numerical representation of the heterogeneity, the optimized values were generally greater than the laboratory-measured values. Discrepancies between measured and optimal values varied depending on the sand sieve size, but their contribution to error in the predicted flow was fairly consistent for all sands. Results indicate that, even under these controlled circumstances, laboratory-measured values of hydraulic conductivity need to be applied to models cautiously.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"ModelCARE'99 Conference","conferenceDate":"20 September 1999 through 23 September 1999","conferenceLocation":"Zurich, Switz","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX, United States","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Barth, G.R., Hill, M.C., Illangasekare, T., and Rajaram, H., 2000, Predictive modelling of flow in a two-dimensional intermediate-scale, heterogeneous porous media, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 265, Zurich, Switz, 20 September 1999 through 23 September 1999, p. 265-271.","startPage":"265","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"265","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8202e4b0c8380cd7b84f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barth, Gilbert R.","contributorId":15374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Illangasekare, T.H.","contributorId":45847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Illangasekare","given":"T.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rajaram, H.","contributorId":39547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rajaram","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022930,"text":"70022930 - 2000 - Late-Quaternary recharge determined from chloride in shallow groundwater in the central Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022930","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late-Quaternary recharge determined from chloride in shallow groundwater in the central Great Plains","docAbstract":"An extensive suite of isotopic and geochemical tracers in groundwater has been used to provide hydrologic assessments of the hierarchy of flow systems in aquifers underlying the central Great Plains (southeastern Colorado and western Kansas) of the United States and to determine the late Pleistocene and Holocene paleotemperature and paleorecharge record. Hydrogeologic and geochemical tracer data permit classification of the samples into late Holocene, late Pleistocene-early Holocene, and much older Pleistocene groups. Paleorecharge rates calculated from the Cl concentration in the samples show that recharge rates were at least twice the late Holocene rate during late Pleistocene-early Holocene time, which is consistent with their relative depletion in 16O and D. Noble gas (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) temperature calculations confirm that these older samples represent a recharge environment approximately 5??C cooler than late Holocene values. These results are consistent with the global climate models that show a trend toward a warmer, more arid climate during the Holocene. (C) 2000 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1999.2113","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Macfarlane, P.A., Clark, J., Davisson, M., Hudson, G., and Whittemore, D.O., 2000, Late-Quaternary recharge determined from chloride in shallow groundwater in the central Great Plains: Quaternary Research, v. 53, no. 2, p. 167-174, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2113.","startPage":"167","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479190,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b48q3wf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208267,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2113"},{"id":233898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4566e4b0c8380cd672ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macfarlane, P. A.","contributorId":14597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, J.F.","contributorId":24124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davisson, M.L.","contributorId":62277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davisson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson, G.B.","contributorId":28768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022949,"text":"70022949 - 2000 - Distribution of Xantus' Murrelet Synthliboramphus hypoleucus at sea in the Southern California Bight, 1995-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T12:15:09","indexId":"70022949","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Distribution of Xantus' Murrelet Synthliboramphus hypoleucus at sea in the Southern California Bight, 1995-97","title":"Distribution of Xantus' Murrelet Synthliboramphus hypoleucus at sea in the Southern California Bight, 1995-97","docAbstract":"We radiomarked 153 Xantus' Murrelets Synthliboramphus hypoleucus captured at sea near Santa Barbara Island (SBI), the largest murrelet colony in the California Channel Islands, USA. We tracked these radiomarked murrelets in the Southern California Bight (SCB) off coastal southern California during the 1995-97 breeding seasons. In 1995 during mild El Niño conditions, the murrelets were distributed in non-upwelling areas. In 1996-97, they were distributed in dense patches, aggregating in cool upwelled waters near the northern Channel Islands or south of San Nicolas Island. Murrelets flew longer distances from SBI to foraging areas in 1997 (x̄= 111 ± 44 km) than in 1996 (x̄= 62 ± 25 km), but the distances they travelled did not differ between months (Apr and May) within years. Mean foraging distances from SBI were similar for ‘incubating’ murrelets (determined on the basis of repeated visits to SBI) and ‘non-incubating’ murrelets during the colony attendance period. We attributed the low return rate of radiomarked murrelets to SBI to the capture and marking of a large proportion of birds that were not actively incubating rather than to any adverse effects of radio attachment. We believe changes in murrelet foraging patterns between the 1970s and 1990s are associated with changes in prey resources in the SCB. Flexibility in the foraging strategies of these murrelets may be related to the highly variable marine environment at the southern end of the California Current Up welling System.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb04866.x","issn":"00191019","usgsCitation":"Whitworth, D.L., Takekawa, J.Y., Carter, H., Newman, S.H., Keeney, T.W., and Kelly, P.R., 2000, Distribution of Xantus' Murrelet Synthliboramphus hypoleucus at sea in the Southern California Bight, 1995-97: Ibis, v. 142, no. 2, p. 268-279, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb04866.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Barbara Island","volume":"142","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02b9e4b0c8380cd50196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitworth, Darrell L.","contributorId":87338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitworth","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Harry R.","contributorId":79546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Harry R.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, Scott H.","contributorId":101372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keeney, Thomas W.","contributorId":175073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keeney","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelly, Paul R.","contributorId":175074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022948,"text":"70022948 - 2000 - Pesticides in the atmosphere of the Mississippi River Valley, part II: Air","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T16:34:14.011048","indexId":"70022948","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in the atmosphere of the Mississippi River Valley, part II: Air","docAbstract":"Weekly composite air samples were collected from early April through to mid-September 1995 at three paired urban and agricultural sites along the Mississippi River region of the Midwestern United States. The paired sampling sites were located in Mississippi, Iowa, and Minnesota. A background site, removed from dense urban and agricultural areas, was located on the shore of Lake Superior in Michigan. Each sample was analyzed for 49 compounds; of these, 21 of 26 herbicides, 13 of 19 insecticides, and 4 of 4 related transformation products were detected during the study, with most pesticides detected in more than one sample. The maximum number of pesticides detected in an air sample was 18. Herbicides were the predominant type of pesticide detected at every site. Detection frequencies of most herbicides were similar at the urban and agricultural sites in Iowa and Minnesota. In Mississippi, herbicides generally were detected more frequently at the agricultural site. The insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and carbaryl, which are used in agricultural and non-agricultural settings, were detected more frequently in urban sites than agricultural sites in Mississippi and Iowa. Methyl parathion was detected in 70% of the samples from the Mississippi agricultural site and at the highest concentration (62 ng/m3 air) of any insecticide measured in the study. At the background site, dacthal (100%), atrazine (35%), cyanazine (22%), and the (primarily atrazine) triazine transformation products CIAT (35%) and CEAT (17%) were detected most frequently, suggesting their potential for long-range atmospheric transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00544-6","usgsCitation":"Foreman, W., Majewski, M., Goolsby, D.A., Wiebe, F., and Coupe, R., 2000, Pesticides in the atmosphere of the Mississippi River Valley, part II: Air: Science of Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 213-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00544-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"226","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.76953125,\n 30.334953881988564\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -83.6279296875,\n 35.35321610123823\n ],\n [\n -81.650390625,\n 36.27970720524017\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -82.9248046875,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -83.0126953125,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -83.5400390625,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -83.8916015625,\n 46.40756396630067\n ],\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -88.2861328125,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 48.07807894349862\n ],\n [\n -95.5810546875,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -95.7568359375,\n 40.78054143186033\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 31.98944183792288\n ],\n [\n -93.55957031249999,\n 30.789036751261136\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -88.76953125,\n 30.334953881988564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"248","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a776de4b0c8380cd784be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Majewski, M.S.","contributorId":88501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiebe, F.W.","contributorId":83311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiebe","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023135,"text":"70023135 - 2000 - Generation of data acquisition requests for the ASTER satellite instrument for monitoring a globally distributed target: glaciers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023135","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation of data acquisition requests for the ASTER satellite instrument for monitoring a globally distributed target: glaciers","docAbstract":"The advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) instrument is scheduled to be launched on the EOS Terra platform in 1999. The Global Land Ice Measurements from Space project has planned to acquire ASTER images of most of the world's land ice annually during the six-year ASTER mission. This article describes the process of creating the data acquisition requests needed to cover approximately 170,000 glacier targets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"United States","doi":"10.1109/36.841989","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Raup, B., Kieffer, H.H., Hare, T., and Kargel, J., 2000, Generation of data acquisition requests for the ASTER satellite instrument for monitoring a globally distributed target: glaciers: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 38, no. 2 II, p. 1105-1112, https://doi.org/10.1109/36.841989.","startPage":"1105","endPage":"1112","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208108,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/36.841989"},{"id":233555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2 II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1552e4b0c8380cd54d66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raup, B.H.","contributorId":13790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raup","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hare, T.M. 0000-0001-8842-389X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":43828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023093,"text":"70023093 - 2000 - Regoliths of the middle-Atlantic Piedmont and evolution of a polymorphic landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023093","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regoliths of the middle-Atlantic Piedmont and evolution of a polymorphic landscape","docAbstract":"The regolith overlying the alumino-silicate rocks of the middle-Atlantic Piedmont Province consists primarily of saprolite with a thin veneer of diamictons of colluvial origin. Thickness and distribution of the saprolite is related to landform and lithology. For example, on uplands isovolumetric weathering of the Loch Raven Schist produces saprolite averaging 55 ft (17 m) thick. On Port Deposit Gneiss, saprolite beneath uplands averages 42 ft (13 m) in thickness. The saprolite results from the reaction of alumino-silicate rocks with through-flowing groundwater. Chemical weathering of the rock results in clay and resistate minerals, residual rock layers, corestones, and pinnacles. Surface erosion of saprolite with quartzite and metagraywacke residual layers may produce a 'washboard' topography. Surface erosion of a metagabbro saprolite containing corestones and pinnacles results in a surface with lag deposits of corestones and emergent pinnacles. The diamicton material comes from the underlying saprolite, weathered rock and bedrock. Generally, diamictons are thinner on uplands and upper slopes, and thicker at the base of slopes and in hollows and gathering areas of first-order streams. The saprolite and colluvium reflect response of geomorphic processes (chemical weathering, fluvial incision, and periglacial processes) to rock lithology and landscape. The modifications to the landscape have been driven by neotectonic crustal warping and alternating periglacial-humid temperate climates. Altogether these varied interactions have resulted in a Holocene polymorphic landscape.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Cleaves, E., 2000, Regoliths of the middle-Atlantic Piedmont and evolution of a polymorphic landscape: Southeastern Geology, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. 199-222.","startPage":"199","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5bbe4b0e8fec6cdbfc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleaves, E.T.","contributorId":41148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleaves","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023102,"text":"70023102 - 2000 - Movements and distribution of polar bears in the Beaufort sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-09T19:28:01","indexId":"70023102","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements and distribution of polar bears in the Beaufort sea","docAbstract":"We fitted 173 satellite radio collars (platform transmitter terminals) to 121 adult female polar bears in the Beaufort Sea and relocated the bears 44 736 times between 1985 and 1995. We regularly resighted many instrumented bears so that we could ascertain whether changes in movements or distribution were related to reproductive status. Mean short-term movement rates were less than 2 km/h for all classes of bears. Maximum movement rates occurred in winter and early summer. In the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS), net geographic movements from the beginning to the end of each month were smaller for females with cubs of the year than for solitary females, and larger in November than in April, May, or July. In May, June, July, and August, radio-collared bears in the SBS moved north. They moved south in October. In the northern Beaufort Sea (NBS), bears moved north in June and south in March and September. Total annual movements ranged from 1406 to 6203 km. Mean total distances moved each month ranged from 79 to 420 km. Total monthly movements by SBS bears were largest in early winter and smallest in early spring. In the NBS, movements were largest in summer and smallest in winter. In the SBS, females with cubs moved less each month than other females. Annual activity areas ranged from 7264 to 596 800 km2. Monthly activity areas ranged from 88 to 9760 km2. Seasonal fidelity to activity areas of bears captured in all parts of the Beaufort Sea was strongest in summer and weakest in spring.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z00-016","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., Durner, G.M., Stirling, I., Lunn, N., and Messier, F., 2000, Movements and distribution of polar bears in the Beaufort sea: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 78, no. 6, p. 948-966, https://doi.org/10.1139/z00-016.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"948","endPage":"966","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -181.93359375,\n 61.56457388515458\n ],\n [\n -181.93359375,\n 74.75274618925877\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 74.75274618925877\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 61.56457388515458\n ],\n [\n -181.93359375,\n 61.56457388515458\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f54e4b0c8380cd70eb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lunn, N.J.","contributorId":42920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Messier, F.","contributorId":34871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messier","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70046618,"text":"70046618 - 2000 - Superfund GIS - 1:250,000 Geology of Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T09:40:58","indexId":"70046618","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Superfund GIS - 1:250,000 Geology of Tennessee","docAbstract":"This data set is a digital representation of the printed 1:250,000 geologic maps from the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Geology. The coverage was designed primarily to provide a more detailed geologic base than the 1:2,500,000 King and Beikman (1974). 1:24,000 scale coverage of the state is available for about 40 percent of the state. Formation names and geologic unit codes used in the coverage are from the Tennessee Division of Geology published maps and may not conform to USGS nomenclature. The Tennessee Division of Geology can be contacted at (615) 532-1500","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046618","usgsCitation":"Greene, D., and Wolfe, W., 2000, Superfund GIS - 1:250,000 Geology of Tennessee, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046618.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273768,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/geo250k.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.31191254,34.98325348 ], [ -90.31191254,36.67929459 ], [ -81.64821625,36.67929459 ], [ -81.64821625,34.98325348 ], [ -90.31191254,34.98325348 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff8e4b0ee1529ed3d76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, D.C.","contributorId":83394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, W.J.","contributorId":10069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022945,"text":"70022945 - 2000 - Age of irrigation water in ground water from the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, south-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:24:51","indexId":"70022945","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of irrigation water in ground water from the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"Stable isotope data (2H and 18O) were used in conjunction with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) data to determine the fraction and age of irrigation water in ground water mixtures from farmed parts of the Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) Aquifer in south-central Idaho. Two groups of waters were recognized: (1) regional background water, unaffected by irrigation and fertilizer application, and (2) mixtures of irrigation water from the Snake River with regional background water. New data are presented comparing CFC and 3H/3He dating of water recharged through deep fractured basalt, and dating of young fractions in ground water mixtures. The 3H/3He ages of irrigation water in most mixtures ranged from about zero to eight years. The CFC ages of irrigation water in mixtures ranged from values near those based on 3H/3He dating to values biased older than the 3H/3He ages by as much as eight to 10 years. Unsaturated zone air had CFC-12 and CFC-113 concentrations that were 60% to 95%, and 50% to 90%, respectively, of modern air concentrations and were consistently contaminated with CFC-11. Irrigation water diverted from the Snake River was contaminated with CFC-11 but near solubility equilibrium with CFC-12 and CFC-113. The dating indicates ground water velocities of 5 to 8 m/d for water along the top of the ESRP Aquifer near the southwestern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Many of the regional background waters contain excess terrigenic helium with a 3He/4He isotope ratio of 7 x 10-6 to 11 x 10-6 (R/Ra = 5 to 8) and could not be dated. Ratios of CFC data indicate that some rangeland water may contain as much as 5% to 30% young water (ages of less than or equal to two to 11.5 years) mixed with old regional background water. The relatively low residence times of ground water in irrigated parts of the ESRP Aquifer and the dilution with low-NO3 irrigation water from the Snake River lower the potential for NO3 contamination in agricultural areas.","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00338.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Rupert, M., Busenberg, E., and Schlosser, P., 2000, Age of irrigation water in ground water from the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, south-central Idaho: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 2, p. 264-283, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00338.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"283","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278546,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00338.x"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8efe4b0c8380cd47fb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rupert, M.G.","contributorId":24455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schlosser, P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022944,"text":"70022944 - 2000 - Zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by invertebrate (Mysis relicta) and vertebrate (Oncorhynchus nerka) planktivores: Implications for trophic interactions in oligotrophic lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T15:42:21.939288","indexId":"70022944","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by invertebrate (Mysis relicta) and vertebrate (Oncorhynchus nerka) planktivores: Implications for trophic interactions in oligotrophic lakes","title":"Zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by invertebrate (Mysis relicta) and vertebrate (Oncorhynchus nerka) planktivores: Implications for trophic interactions in oligotrophic lakes","docAbstract":"We investigated zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by the opossum shrimp Mysis relicta and kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka to assess the relative roles of these planktivores in oligotrophic food webs. Using bioenergetic models and clearance rate estimates, we quantified phosphorus (P) excretion rates and consumption of cladoceran prey by Mysis and kokanees in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, from 1995 to 1996. Consumption of cladoceran prey by Mysis was 186 kg·ha−1·year−1, whereas consumption by kokanees was less than one quarter as much, at 45 kg·ha−1·year−1. Similarly, Mysis excreted approximately 0.250 kg P·ha−1·year−1 during nighttime migrations into the upper water column, whereas P excretion by kokanees was less than one third as much, at approximately 0.070 kg P·ha−1·year−1. On a volumetric basis, nocturnal excretion by Mysis ranged from 0.002 to 0.007 μg P·L−1·d−1 and accounted for less than 1% of the soluble reactive P typically measured in the upper water column of the lake. Hence, nutrient recycling by Mysis may be limited in the upper water column because of the nocturnal feeding habitats that constrain Mysis to deeper strata for much of the day. In spring and autumn months, low abundance of cladoceran prey coincided with high seasonal energy requirements of the Mysis population that were linked to timing of annual Mysis brood release and abundance of age-0 Mysis. Predation by Mysis accounted for 5–70% of daily cladoceran standing stock, supporting the notion that seasonal availability of cladocerans may be regulated by Mysis predation. In lakes where Mysis experience little predation mortality, they likely play a dominant role in food web interactions (e.g., trophic cascades) relative to planktivorous fishes. Biotic mechanisms, such as successful predator-avoidance behavior, omnivorous feeding habits, and seasonal variation in Mysis biomass, enhance the ability of Mysis to influence food web interactions from an intermediate trophic level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0569:ZANRBI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Chipps, S.R., and Bennett, D.H., 2000, Zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by invertebrate (Mysis relicta) and vertebrate (Oncorhynchus nerka) planktivores: Implications for trophic interactions in oligotrophic lakes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 2, p. 569-583, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0569:ZANRBI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"583","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pend Oreille","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 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