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Base flow and storm flow samples collected at the fall line of the river from February to December 1994 were analyzed for both dissolved and particulate phase contaminants. Measured concentrations of the organonitrogen and organophosphorus pesticides varied mainly in response to the timing of their application to agricultural fields. Conversely, the concentrations of the more particle-sorptive contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine (OC) insecticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were more directly correlated with river flow throughout the year. Annual fluxes were almost entirely in the dissolved phase for the organonitrogen and organophosphorus pesticides, distributed between the dissolved and particulate phases for the PCBs and OC insecticides, and primarily in the particulate phase for the PAHs.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620190428","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Foster, G., Lippa, K., and Miller, C., 2000, Seasonal concentrations of organic contaminants at the fall line of the Susquehanna River basin and estimated fluxes to northern Chesapeake Bay, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 4 I, p. 992-1001, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190428.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"992","endPage":"1001","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, New Jersey, New York, 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,{"id":70022929,"text":"70022929 - 2000 - The state and future of Mars polar science and exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T16:21:34","indexId":"70022929","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The state and future of Mars polar science and exploration","docAbstract":"<p><span>As the planet's principal cold traps, the martian polar regions have accumulated extensive mantles of ice and dust that cover individual areas of ∼10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;and total as much as 3–4 km thick. From the scarcity of superposed craters on their surface, these layered deposits are thought to be comparatively young—preserving a record of the seasonal and climatic cycling of atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, and dust over the past ∼10</span><sup>5</sup><span>–10</span><sup>8</sup><span>&nbsp;years. For this reason, the martian polar deposits may serve as a Rosetta Stone for understanding the geologic and climatic history of the planet—documenting variations in insolation (due to quasiperiodic oscillations in the planet's obliquity and orbital elements), volatile mass balance, atmospheric composition, dust storm activity, volcanic eruptions, large impacts, catastrophic floods, solar luminosity, supernovae, and perhaps even a record of microbial life. Beyond their scientific value, the polar regions may soon prove important for another reason—providing a valuable and accessible reservoir of water to support the long-term human exploration of Mars. In this paper we assess the current state of Mars polar research, identify the key questions that motivate the exploration of the polar regions, discuss the extent to which current missions will address these questions, and speculate about what additional capabilities and investigations may be required to address the issues that remain outstanding.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/icar.1999.6290","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Clifford, S., Crisp, D., Fisher, D., Herkenhoff, K.E., Smrekar, S., Thomas, P., Wynn-Williams, D.D., Zurek, R., Barnes, J., Bills, B., Blake, E., Calvin, W.M., Cameron, J., Carr, M.H., Christensen, P.R., Clark, B.C., Clow, G., Cutts, J., Dahl-Jensen, D., Durham, W., Fanale, F.P., Farmer, J., Forget, F., Gotto-Azuma, K., Grard, R., Haberle, R., Harrison, W., Harvey, R., Howard, A., Ingersoll, A., James, P., Kargel, J., Kieffer, H.H., Larsen, J., Lepper, K., Malin, M.C., McCleese, D.J., Murray, B., Nye, J., Paige, D.A., Platt, S., Plaut, J., Reeh, N., Rice, J., Smith, D., Stoker, C.R., Tanaka, K.L., Mosley-Thompson, E., Thorsteinsson, T., Wood, S., Zent, A., Zuber, M., and Zwally, H., 2000, The state and future of Mars polar science and exploration: Icarus, v. 144, no. 2, p. 210-242, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6290.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"210","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"144","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba90de4b08c986b322008","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifford, S.M.","contributorId":68509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crisp, D.","contributorId":25718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crisp","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, D.A.","contributorId":8653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smrekar, S.E.","contributorId":43090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smrekar","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, P.C.","contributorId":32690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wynn-Williams, D. 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,{"id":70022944,"text":"70022944 - 2000 - Zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by invertebrate (Mysis relicta) and vertebrate (Oncorhynchus nerka) planktivores: Implications for trophic interactions in oligotrophic lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T15:42:21.939288","indexId":"70022944","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by invertebrate (<i>Mysis relicta</i>) and vertebrate (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>) planktivores: Implications for trophic interactions in oligotrophic lakes","title":"Zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by invertebrate (Mysis relicta) and vertebrate (Oncorhynchus nerka) planktivores: Implications for trophic interactions in oligotrophic lakes","docAbstract":"<p>We investigated zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by the opossum shrimp<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis relicta</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and kokanee<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to assess the relative roles of these planktivores in oligotrophic food webs. Using bioenergetic models and clearance rate estimates, we quantified phosphorus (P) excretion rates and consumption of cladoceran prey by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and kokanees in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, from 1995 to 1996. Consumption of cladoceran prey by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was 186 kg·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup>, whereas consumption by kokanees was less than one quarter as much, at 45 kg·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup>. Similarly,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>excreted approximately 0.250 kg P·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>during nighttime migrations into the upper water column, whereas P excretion by kokanees was less than one third as much, at approximately 0.070 kg P·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup>. On a volumetric basis, nocturnal excretion by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>ranged from 0.002 to 0.007 μg P·L<sup>−1</sup>·d<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and accounted for less than 1% of the soluble reactive P typically measured in the upper water column of the lake. Hence, nutrient recycling by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>may be limited in the upper water column because of the nocturnal feeding habitats that constrain<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to deeper strata for much of the day. In spring and autumn months, low abundance of cladoceran prey coincided with high seasonal energy requirements of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>population that were linked to timing of annual<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>brood release and abundance of age-0<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Predation by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>accounted for 5–70% of daily cladoceran standing stock, supporting the notion that seasonal availability of cladocerans may be regulated by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>predation. In lakes where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>experience little predation mortality, they likely play a dominant role in food web interactions (e.g., trophic cascades) relative to planktivorous fishes. Biotic mechanisms, such as successful predator-avoidance behavior, omnivorous feeding habits, and seasonal variation in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>biomass, enhance the ability of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Mysis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to influence food web interactions from an intermediate trophic level.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0569:ZANRBI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Chipps, S.R., and Bennett, D.H., 2000, Zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by invertebrate (Mysis relicta) and vertebrate (Oncorhynchus nerka) planktivores: Implications for trophic interactions in oligotrophic lakes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 2, p. 569-583, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0569:ZANRBI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 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steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, David H.","contributorId":149934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13384,"text":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022911,"text":"70022911 - 2000 - Nitrogen flux and sources in the Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T05:38:14","indexId":"70022911","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen flux and sources in the Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id10\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id11\"><p>Nitrogen from the Mississippi River Basin is believed to be at least partly responsible for the large zone of oxygen-depleted water that develops in the Gulf of Mexico each summer. Historical data show that concentrations of nitrate in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries have increased by factors of 2 to more than 5 since the early 1900s. We have used the historical streamflow and concentration data in regression models to estimate the annual flux of nitrogen (N) to the Gulf of Mexico and to determine where the nitrogen originates within the Mississippi Basin. Results show that for 1980–1996 the mean annual total N flux to the Gulf of Mexico was 1&nbsp;568&nbsp;000 t/year. The flux was approximately 61% nitrate as N, 37% organic N, and 2% ammonium as N. The flux of nitrate to the Gulf has approximately tripled in the last 30 years with most of the increase occurring between 1970 and 1983. The mean annual N flux has changed little since the early 1980s, but large year-to-year variations in N flux occur because of variations in precipitation. During wet years the N flux can increase by 50% or more due to flushing of nitrate that has accumulated in the soils and unsaturated zones in the basin. The principal source areas of N are basins in southern Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio that drain agricultural land. Basins in this region yield 800 to more than 3100 kg total N/km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>per year to streams, several times the N yield of basins outside this region. Assuming conservative transport of N in the Mississippi River, streams draining Iowa and Illinois contribute on average approximately 35% of the total N discharged by the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. In years with high precipitation they can contribute a larger percentage.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00532-X","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W., Aulenbach, B., and Hooper, R.P., 2000, Nitrogen flux and sources in the Mississippi River Basin: Science of Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 75-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00532-X.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"86","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208084,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00532-X"},{"id":233501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"248","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66d8e4b0c8380cd7300b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023108,"text":"70023108 - 2000 - Treatment of internal sources in the finite-volume ELLAM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023108","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Treatment of internal sources in the finite-volume ELLAM","docAbstract":"The finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method (FVELLAM) is a mass-conservative approach for solving the advection-dispersion equation. The method has been shown to be accurate and efficient for solving advection-dominated problems of solute transport in ground water in 1, 2, and 3 dimensions. Previous implementations of FVELLAM have had difficulty in representing internal sources because the standard assumption of lowest order Raviart-Thomas velocity field does not hold for source cells. Therefore, tracking of particles within source cells is problematic. A new approach has been developed to account for internal sources in FVELLAM. It is assumed that the source is uniformly distributed across a grid cell and that instantaneous mixing takes place within the cell, such that concentration is uniform across the cell at any time. Sub-time steps are used in the time-integration scheme to track mass outflow from the edges of the source cell. This avoids the need for tracking within the source cell. We describe the new method and compare results for a test problem with a wide range of cell Peclet numbers.","largerWorkTitle":"Computational methods in water resources - Volume 2 - Computational methods,surface water systems and hydrology","conferenceTitle":"Computational Methods in Water Resources","conferenceDate":"25 June 2000 through 29 June 2000","conferenceLocation":"Calgary","language":"English","publisherLocation":"A.A.Balkema","isbn":"9058091252","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 2000, Treatment of internal sources in the finite-volume ELLAM, <i>in</i> Computational methods in water resources - Volume 2 - Computational methods,surface water systems and hydrology, Calgary, 25 June 2000 through 29 June 2000, p. 619-622.","startPage":"619","endPage":"622","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb796e4b08c986b327374","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bentley L.R.","contributorId":128326,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Bentley L.R.","id":536487,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sykes J.F.","contributorId":128330,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Sykes J.F.","id":536488,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brebbia C.A.","contributorId":128441,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Brebbia C.A.","id":536491,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray W.G.","contributorId":128367,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gray W.G.","id":536489,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pinder G.F.","contributorId":128399,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Pinder G.F.","id":536490,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023107,"text":"70023107 - 2000 - Late-glacial environmental changes south of the Wisconsinan terminal moraine in the Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023107","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late-glacial environmental changes south of the Wisconsinan terminal moraine in the Eastern United States","docAbstract":"Palynological analyses of two sediment cores, one 2.4 m long from northern Delaware, dated about 16,300 to 14,700 14C yr B.P., and one 1.8 m long from New Jersey just south of the Wisconsinan terminal moraine and dated about 13,600 to 12,500 14C yr B.P., give the first detailed evidence of vegetation in this area during these periods. The overall assemblages are similar to each other, with Picea and Pinus dominating the arboreal pollen and Poaceae and Cyperaceae the herbaceous flora. Nonarboreal pollen contributes about 30-50% of the total, indicating a very open vegetation or a mix of forest patches and open areas. Especially in Delaware, there is a diversity of other herbaceous pollen, including members of the Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Ranunculaceae. The assemblages do not resemble current North American tundra or boreal forest assemblages; rather, they resemble assemblages characteristic of tundra on recently exposed land surfaces north of the Wisconsinan terminal moraine. The persistence of the assemblages for 1500-2000 years in late-glacial time suggests stable and cold climate during this time of glacier retreat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1999.2103","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Russell, E., and Stanford, S., 2000, Late-glacial environmental changes south of the Wisconsinan terminal moraine in the Eastern United States: Quaternary Research, v. 53, no. 1, p. 105-113, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2103.","startPage":"105","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2103"},{"id":233696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4568e4b0c8380cd672be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, E.W.B.","contributorId":26849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"E.W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanford, S.D.","contributorId":79932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanford","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003578,"text":"1003578 - 2000 - National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T15:29:10","indexId":"1003578","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., Miller, K.J., Glaser, L., Creekmore, T., and Schrader, A., 2000, National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 36, no. 3, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Kimberli J.G. 0000-0002-7947-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-0894","contributorId":81447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kimberli","email":"","middleInitial":"J.G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":313579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glaser, L.","contributorId":81051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Creekmore, T.","contributorId":74335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creekmore","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schrader, A.","contributorId":104435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1003579,"text":"1003579 - 2000 - National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T06:27:17","indexId":"1003579","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","title":"National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"WDA","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., Miller, K.J., Glaser, L., Creekmore, T., and Schrader, A., 2000, National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 36, no. 2, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Kimberli J.G. 0000-0002-7947-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-0894","contributorId":81447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kimberli","email":"","middleInitial":"J.G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":313584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glaser, L.","contributorId":81051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Creekmore, T.","contributorId":74335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creekmore","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schrader, A.","contributorId":104435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023103,"text":"70023103 - 2000 - Metal exposure in a benthic macroinvertebrate, Hydropsyche californica, related to mine drainage in the Sacramento River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T05:51:27","indexId":"70023103","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Metal exposure in a benthic macroinvertebrate, <i>Hydropsyche californica</i>, related to mine drainage in the Sacramento River","title":"Metal exposure in a benthic macroinvertebrate, Hydropsyche californica, related to mine drainage in the Sacramento River","docAbstract":"<p><span>A biomonitoring technique was employed to complement studies of metal transport in the upper Sacramento River affected by acid mine drainage. Metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, and Zn) were determined in a resident invertebrate,&nbsp;</span><i>Hydropsyche californica</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Insecta: Trichoptera), and streambed sediments (&lt;62 µm) to assess metal contamination within a 111-km section of the river downstream of the mining area. Metals in<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>H. californica</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>also were interpreted to be broadly indicative of metal exposure in fish. Total Hg was determined in the whole body of the insect, whereas Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn were additionally separated into operationally defined cytosolic (used as an indicator of exposure to bioavailable metal) and particulate fractions. Total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in sediments were consistent with documented upstream sources of acid mine drainage. Metal distribution patterns in<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>H. californica</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and sediments were generally consistent for Cd, Cu, and Pb but inconsistent for Hg and Zn. Concentrations in<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>H. californica</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>indicated that bioavailable Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn was transported at least 120 km downstream of the mine sources. Zinc in<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>H. californica</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was elevated, but unlike sediments, did not decrease downstream. Mercury in<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>H. californica</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was not elevated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f99-260","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Carter, J.L., Fend, S.V., Luoma, S.N., Alpers, C.N., and Taylor, H.E., 2000, Metal exposure in a benthic macroinvertebrate, Hydropsyche californica, related to mine drainage in the Sacramento River: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 2, p. 380-390, https://doi.org/10.1139/f99-260.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"390","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a547de4b0c8380cd6cfbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fend, Steven V. 0000-0002-4638-6602 svfend@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":3591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"Steven","email":"svfend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023096,"text":"70023096 - 2000 - Groundwater/surface-water interactions and sources of nitrogen and uranium in an irrigated area of Nebraska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T15:29:20","indexId":"70023096","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater/surface-water interactions and sources of nitrogen and uranium in an irrigated area of Nebraska, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The effects of irrigation canals and the North Platte River on groundwater in western Nebraska, USA, were evaluated using chemical and isotopic data. The data indicated that groundwater in the associated alluvium generally is &lt;20 years old with estimated recharge rates from about 10 to &gt;100 cm year<sup>-1</sup>. Most groundwater is derived from surface water, as shown by H<sub>2</sub>O and U isotope analyses. Seasonal losses of canal water to the aquifer cause changes in groundwater quality. In the deepest parts of the alluvium, some water quality may reflect precipitation recharge, older river water, or cross-formational flow. The distribution and isotopic composition of NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup> are consistent with increased fertilizer use over time. Relatively high U concentrations in groundwater may be attributed to dissolution of volcanic ash or other minerals in underlying bedrocks. The relatively high concentration of U in surface water at times is attributed to seepage from U-rich groundwater and flow of U-rich surface water from a tributary.</p><p>The effects of irrigation canals and the North Platte River on groundwater in western Nebraska, USA, were evaluated using chemical and isotopic data. The data indicated that groundwater in the associated alluvium generally is &lt;20 years old with estimated recharge rates from about 10 to &gt;100 cm year<sup>-1</sup>. Most groundwater is derived from surface water, as shown by H<sub>2</sub>O and U isotope analyses. Seasonal losses of canal water to the aquifer cause changes in groundwater quality. In the deepest parts of the alluvium, some water quality may reflect precipitation recharge, older river water, or cross-formational flow. The distribution and isotopic composition of NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup> are consistent with increased fertilizer use over time. Relatively high U concentrations in groundwater may be attributed to dissolution of volcanic ash or other minerals in underlying bedrock. The relatively high concentration of U in surface water at times is attributed to seepage from U-rich groundwater and flow of U-rich surface water from a tributary.</p>","conferenceTitle":"TraM'2000: The International Conference on 'Tracers and Modelling in Hydrology'","conferenceDate":"May 23-26, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Liege, Belgium","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Verstraeten, I., Böhlke, J., and Kraemer, T.F., 2000, Groundwater/surface-water interactions and sources of nitrogen and uranium in an irrigated area of Nebraska, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 262, p. 525-531.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"531","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"262","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dd5e4b0c8380cd5c07f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M.","contributorId":61033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023140,"text":"70023140 - 2000 - Pesticides in wells in agricultural and urban areas of the Hudson River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70023140","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in wells in agricultural and urban areas of the Hudson River basin","docAbstract":"Ground-water samples from four monitoring well networks in the Hudson River basin were analyzed for pesticides (detection limits from 0.001 to 0.018 ??g/L). The most frequent detections were in samples from shallow depths beneath agricultural areas. Concentrations of pesticides in samples from all four networks were generally below 0.10 ??g/L, and the concentration of only one (cyanazine) exceeded any maximum contaminant levels or health advisory levels set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The well networks represented two land-use and two well-depth categories as follows: 1. agricultural shallow wells - two springs and 14 wells finished less than 15 m below land surface in unconfined unconsolidated aquifers beneath agricultural land, 2. agricultural water-supply-wells - 31 wells finished 1.8 to 120 m below land surface in unconsolidated unconfined aquifers and bedrock aquifers beneath agricultural land 3. urban/residential shallow-wells - 17 wells finished less than 16 m below land surface in unconfined unconsolidated aquifers beneath urban or residential land; and 4. urban/residential water-supply-wells - 25 water-supply or observation wells finished 5 to 113 m below land surface in unconfined, unconsolidated aquifers and bedrock aquifers beneath urban or residential land. Pesticides were detected in 69 percent of the samples from the agricultural shallow wells, in 29 percent of the samples from the agricultural water-supply wells, in no samples from the urban/residential shallow wells, and in 16 percent of the samples from the urban/residential water-supply wells. At least half of the samples from the agricultural shallow-well network contained two herbicides (atrazine and metolachlor) and one herbicide metabolite (deethylatrazine); other pesticides detected in samples from this network included metribuzin, cyanazine, EPTC, and pendimethalin. Samples from the agricultural water-supply wells contained two insecticides (diazinon and malathion), two herbicides (atrazine and prometon), and one herbicide metabolite (deethylatrazine). Samples from the urban/residential water-supply well network contained two insecticides (diazinon and malathion), and three herbicides (atrazine, metolachlor, and prometon). Pesticides were detected in samples from depths of less than 2 to more than 70 m. Pesticides were detected in samples with nitrate concentrations ranging from less than the detection limit of 0.05 mg/L to 16 mg/L. These results indicate that pesticides are detected most frequently in shallow ground water beneath agricultural areas, and that pesticides can be detected in wells with a wide range of depths and nitrate concentrations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P.J., Wall, G.R., and Ryan, C., 2000, Pesticides in wells in agricultural and urban areas of the Hudson River basin: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 22, no. 1, p. 1-9.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7772e4b0c8380cd784cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, P. J.","contributorId":31728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wall, G. R.","contributorId":93652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, C.M.","contributorId":44707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023102,"text":"70023102 - 2000 - Movements and distribution of polar bears in the Beaufort sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-09T19:28:01","indexId":"70023102","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements and distribution of polar bears in the Beaufort sea","docAbstract":"<p>We fitted 173 satellite radio collars (platform transmitter terminals) to 121 adult female polar bears in the Beaufort Sea and relocated the bears 44 736 times between 1985 and 1995. We regularly resighted many instrumented bears so that we could ascertain whether changes in movements or distribution were related to reproductive status. Mean short-term movement rates were less than 2 km/h for all classes of bears. Maximum movement rates occurred in winter and early summer. In the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS), net geographic movements from the beginning to the end of each month were smaller for females with cubs of the year than for solitary females, and larger in November than in April, May, or July. In May, June, July, and August, radio-collared bears in the SBS moved north. They moved south in October. In the northern Beaufort Sea (NBS), bears moved north in June and south in March and September. Total annual movements ranged from 1406 to 6203 km. Mean total distances moved each month ranged from 79 to 420 km. Total monthly movements by SBS bears were largest in early winter and smallest in early spring. In the NBS, movements were largest in summer and smallest in winter. In the SBS, females with cubs moved less each month than other females. Annual activity areas ranged from 7264 to 596 800 km<sup>2</sup>. Monthly activity areas ranged from 88 to 9760 km<sup>2</sup>. Seasonal fidelity to activity areas of bears captured in all parts of the Beaufort Sea was strongest in summer and weakest in spring.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z00-016","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., Durner, G.M., Stirling, I., Lunn, N., and Messier, F., 2000, Movements and distribution of polar bears in the Beaufort sea: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 78, no. 6, p. 948-966, https://doi.org/10.1139/z00-016.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"948","endPage":"966","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -181.93359375,\n              61.56457388515458\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.93359375,\n              74.75274618925877\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              74.75274618925877\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              61.56457388515458\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.93359375,\n              61.56457388515458\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f54e4b0c8380cd70eb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lunn, N.J.","contributorId":42920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Messier, F.","contributorId":34871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messier","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1003595,"text":"1003595 - 2000 - Effects of malaria (Plasmodium relicturm) on activity budgets of experimentally-infected juvenile Apapane (Himatione sanquinea)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T21:43:26.789893","indexId":"1003595","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of malaria (<i>Plasmodium relicturm</i>) on activity budgets of experimentally-infected juvenile Apapane (<i>Himatione sanquinea</i>)","title":"Effects of malaria (Plasmodium relicturm) on activity budgets of experimentally-infected juvenile Apapane (Himatione sanquinea)","docAbstract":"<p>We used behavioral, physiological, and parasitological measures to document effects of acute malarial infections on activity budgets of experimentally infected juvenile Apapane (<i>Himatione sanguinea</i>). Five of eight birds died within 20 to 32 days after exposure to a single infective mosquito bite. Infected Apapane devoted less time to locomotory activities involving flight, walking or hopping, and stationary activities such as singing, preening, feeding, and probing. The amount of time spent sitting was positively correlated with parasitemia and increased dramatically after infection and between treatment and control groups. Birds that succumbed to infection experienced a significant loss of body mass and subcutaneous fat, whereas surviving Apapane were better able to maintain body condition and fat levels. When rechallenged with the parasite five months after initial infection, surviving birds experienced no increase in parasitemia, indicating that they had become immune to reinfection. Regardless of the outcome, infected birds experienced acute illness that would have left them unable to forage or to escape from predators in the wild.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/auk/117.3.731","usgsCitation":"Yorinks, N., and Atkinson, C., 2000, Effects of malaria (Plasmodium relicturm) on activity budgets of experimentally-infected juvenile Apapane (Himatione sanquinea): The Auk, v. 117, no. 3, p. 731-738, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.3.731.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"738","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.3.731","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.39268493652344,\n              19.684616755836014\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35766601562497,\n              19.590844152960933\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3425598144531,\n              19.593431717434534\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3350067138672,\n              19.585668899245324\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31784057617188,\n              19.581140415802636\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31234741210938,\n              19.563672215812247\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2814483642578,\n              19.55914311419191\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28968811035156,\n              19.556554999011606\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28762817382812,\n              19.524200056664977\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24368286132812,\n              19.54231962329661\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2471160888672,\n              19.56108417332036\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2361297607422,\n              19.557202031700292\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2265167236328,\n              19.56431921994436\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.20591735839844,\n              19.566907210507278\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.15785217285156,\n              19.583728136218767\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.13107299804688,\n              19.601841014680073\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1921844482422,\n              19.643880905066716\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26359558105466,\n              19.66004716375015\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26016235351562,\n              19.66909955693699\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.39268493652344,\n              19.684616755836014\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eca6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yorinks, N.","contributorId":24756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yorinks","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, C. T.","contributorId":29349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023118,"text":"70023118 - 2000 - Aerobic microbial mineralization of dichloroethene as sole carbon substrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T09:51:20","indexId":"70023118","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aerobic microbial mineralization of dichloroethene as sole carbon substrate","docAbstract":"Microorganisms indigenous to the bed sediments of a black- water stream utilized 1,2-dichloroethene (1,2-DCE) as a sole carbon substrate for aerobic metabolism. Although no evidence of growth was observed in the minimal salts culture media used in this study, efficient aerobic microbial mineralization of 1,2-DCE as sole carbon substrate was maintained through three sequential transfers (107 final dilution) of the original environmental innoculum. These results indicate that 1,2-DCE can be utilized as a primary substrate to support microbial metabolism under aerobic conditions.Microorganisms indigenous to the bed sediments of a black-water stream utilized 1,2-dichloroethene (1,2-DCE) as a sole carbon substrate for aerobic metabolism. Although no evidence of growth was observed in the minimal salts culture media used in this study, efficient aerobic microbial mineralization of 1,2-DCE as sole carbon substrate was maintained through three sequential transfers (107 final dilution) of the original environmental innoculum. These results indicate that 1,2-DCE can be utilized as a primary substrate to support microbial metabolism under aerobic conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es990785c","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 2000, Aerobic microbial mineralization of dichloroethene as sole carbon substrate: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 221-223, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990785c.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"223","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es990785c"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e71fe4b0c8380cd4786d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022935,"text":"70022935 - 2000 - Orbital radar studies of paleodrainages in the central Namib Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70022935","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orbital radar studies of paleodrainages in the central Namib Desert","docAbstract":"Orbital radar images of the central Namib Desert show clearly the extent of relict fluvial deposits associated with former courses of the Tsondab and Kuiseb rivers. South of the Kuiseb River, radar data show the existence of a drainage network developed in calcrete-cemented late Tertiary fluvial deposits. The sand-filled paleovalleys are imaged as radar-dark tones in contrast to the radar-bright interfluves where the calcreted gravels occur. The drainage network developed as a result of local runoff from indurated gravels and channeled surface and subsurface flow to the sites of the many interdune lacustrine deposits found in the area. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 2000.Orbital radar images of the central Namib Desert show clearly the extent of relict fluvial deposits associated with former courses of the Tsondab and Kuiseb rivers. South of the Kuiseb River, radar data show the existence of a drainage network developed in calcrete-cemented late Tertiary fluvial deposits. The sand-filled paleovalleys are imaged as radar-dark tones in contrast to the radar-bright interfluves where the calcreted gravels occur. The drainage network developed as a result of local runoff from indurated gravels and channeled surface and subsurface flow to the sites of the many interdune lacustrine deposits found in the area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Inc","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00088-7","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Lancaster, N., Schaber, G.G., and Teller, J., 2000, Orbital radar studies of paleodrainages in the central Namib Desert: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 71, no. 2, p. 216-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00088-7.","startPage":"216","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208011,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00088-7"},{"id":233359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f30e4b0c8380cd759ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lancaster, N.","contributorId":36330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lancaster","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaber, G. G.","contributorId":68300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teller, J.T.","contributorId":8243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teller","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022945,"text":"70022945 - 2000 - Age of irrigation water in ground water from the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, south-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:24:51","indexId":"70022945","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of irrigation water in ground water from the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"Stable isotope data (<sup>2</sup>H and <sup>18</sup>O) were used in conjunction with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and tritium/helium-3 (<sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He) data to determine the fraction and age of irrigation water in ground water mixtures from farmed parts of the Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) Aquifer in south-central Idaho. Two groups of waters were recognized: (1) regional background water, unaffected by irrigation and fertilizer application, and (2) mixtures of irrigation water from the Snake River with regional background water. New data are presented comparing CFC and <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He dating of water recharged through deep fractured basalt, and dating of young fractions in ground water mixtures. The <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He ages of irrigation water in most mixtures ranged from about zero to eight years. The CFC ages of irrigation water in mixtures ranged from values near those based on <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He dating to values biased older than the <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He ages by as much as eight to 10 years. Unsaturated zone air had CFC-12 and CFC-113 concentrations that were 60% to 95%, and 50% to 90%, respectively, of modern air concentrations and were consistently contaminated with CFC-11. Irrigation water diverted from the Snake River was contaminated with CFC-11 but near solubility equilibrium with CFC-12 and CFC-113. The dating indicates ground water velocities of 5 to 8 m/d for water along the top of the ESRP Aquifer near the southwestern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Many of the regional background waters contain excess terrigenic helium with a <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He isotope ratio of 7 x 10-6 to 11 x 10-6 (R/R<sub>a</sub> = 5 to 8) and could not be dated. Ratios of CFC data indicate that some rangeland water may contain as much as 5% to 30% young water (ages of less than or equal to two to 11.5 years) mixed with old regional background water. The relatively low residence times of ground water in irrigated parts of the ESRP Aquifer and the dilution with low-NO<sub>3</sub> irrigation water from the Snake River lower the potential for NO<sub>3</sub> contamination in agricultural areas.","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00338.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Rupert, M., Busenberg, E., and Schlosser, P., 2000, Age of irrigation water in ground water from the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer, south-central Idaho: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 2, p. 264-283, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00338.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"283","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278546,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00338.x"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8efe4b0c8380cd47fb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rupert, M.G.","contributorId":24455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schlosser, P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022926,"text":"70022926 - 2000 - Ground penetrating radar imaging of cap rock, caliche and carbonate strata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022926","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground penetrating radar imaging of cap rock, caliche and carbonate strata","docAbstract":"Field experiments show ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be used to image shallow carbonate stratigraphy effectively in a variety of settings. In south Florida, the position and structure of cap rock cover on limestone can be an important control on surface water flow and vegetation, but larger scale outcrops (tens of meters) of cap rock are sparse. GPR mapping through south Florida prairie, cypress swamp and hardwood hammock resolves variations in thickness and structure of cap rock to ~3 m and holds the potential to test theories for cap rock-vegetation relationships. In other settings, carbonate strata are mapped to test models for the formation of local structural anomalies. A test of GPR imaging capabilities on an arid caliche (calcrete) horizon in southeastern Nevada shows depth penetration to ~2 m with resolution of the base of caliche. GPR profiling also succeeds in resolving more deeply buried (~5 m) limestone discontinuity surfaces that record subaerial exposure in south Florida. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Field experiments show ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be used to image shallow carbonate stratigraphy effectively in a variety of settings. In south Florida, the position and structure of cap rock cover on limestone can be an important control on surface water flow and vegetation, but larger scale outcrops (tens of meters) of cap rock are sparse. GPR mapping through south Florida prairie, cypress swamp and hardwood hammock resolves variations in thickness and structure of cap rock to approx. 3 m and holds the potential to test theories for cap rock-vegetation relationships. In other settings, carbonate strata are mapped to test models for the formation of local structural anomalies. A test of GPR imaging capabilities on an arid caliche (calcrete) horizon in southeastern Nevada shows depth penetration to approx. 2 m with resolution of the base of caliche. GPR profiling also succeeds in resolving more deeply buried (approx. 5 m) limestone discontinuity surfaces that record subaerial exposure in south Florida.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","conferenceTitle":"7th International Conference on Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR '98)","conferenceDate":"27 May 1998 through 30 May 1998","conferenceLocation":"Lawrence, KS, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0926-9851(99)00062-2","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Kruse, S., Schneider, J., Campagna, D., Inman, J., and Hickey, T., 2000, Ground penetrating radar imaging of cap rock, caliche and carbonate strata, <i>in</i> Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 43, no. 2-4, Lawrence, KS, USA, 27 May 1998 through 30 May 1998, p. 239-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(99)00062-2.","startPage":"239","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208217,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(99)00062-2"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a9de4b0c8380cd5b2f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kruse, S.E.","contributorId":9029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, J.C.","contributorId":53566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campagna, D.J.","contributorId":22390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campagna","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Inman, J.A.","contributorId":91665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hickey, T.D.","contributorId":17803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022934,"text":"70022934 - 2000 - Surface properties of Mars' polar layered deposits and polar landing sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T16:36:00","indexId":"70022934","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface properties of Mars' polar layered deposits and polar landing sites","docAbstract":"On December 3, 1999, the Mars Polar Lander and Mars Microprobes will land on the planet's south polar layered deposits near (76°S, 195°W) and conduct the first in situ studies of the planet's polar regions. The scientific goals of these missions address several poorly understood and globally significant issues, such as polar meteorology, the composition and volatile content of the layered deposits, the erosional state and mass balance of their surface, their possible relationship to climate cycles, and the nature of bright and dark aeolian material. Derived thermal inertias of the southern layered deposits are very low (50-100 J m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1/2</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>), suggesting that the surface down to a depth of a few centimeters is generally fine grained or porous and free of an appreciable amount of rock or ice. The landing site region is smoother than typical cratered terrain on ∼1 km pixel<sup>-1</sup> Viking Orbiter images but contains low-relief texture on ∼5 to 100 m pixel<sup>-1</sup> Mariner 9 and Mars Global Surveyor images. The surface of the southern deposits is older than that of the northern deposits and appears to be modified by aeolian erosion or ablation of ground ice.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001108","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Vasavada, A., Williams, J., Paige, D.A., Herkenhoff, K.E., Bridges, N.T., Greeley, R., Murray, B.C., Bass, D.S., and McBride, K.S., 2000, Surface properties of Mars' polar layered deposits and polar landing sites: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 105, no. E3, p. 6961-6969, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001108.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6961","endPage":"6969","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"105","issue":"E3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fb9e4b08c986b31e7cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vasavada, Ashwin R.","contributorId":84125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vasavada","given":"Ashwin R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Jean-Pierre","contributorId":90507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paige, David A.","contributorId":107891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paige","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bridges, Nathan T.","contributorId":45005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Murray, Bruce C.","contributorId":61992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bass, Deborah S.","contributorId":36718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bass","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McBride, Karen S.","contributorId":9817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70022948,"text":"70022948 - 2000 - Pesticides in the atmosphere of the Mississippi River Valley, part II: Air","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T16:34:14.011048","indexId":"70022948","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in the atmosphere of the Mississippi River Valley, part II: Air","docAbstract":"<p><span>Weekly composite air samples were collected from early April through to mid-September 1995 at three paired urban and agricultural sites along the Mississippi River region of the Midwestern United States. The paired sampling sites were located in Mississippi, Iowa, and Minnesota. A background site, removed from dense urban and agricultural areas, was located on the shore of Lake Superior in Michigan. Each sample was analyzed for 49 compounds; of these, 21 of 26 herbicides, 13 of 19 insecticides, and 4 of 4 related transformation products were detected during the study, with most pesticides detected in more than one sample. The maximum number of pesticides detected in an air sample was 18. Herbicides were the predominant type of pesticide detected at every site. Detection frequencies of most herbicides were similar at the urban and agricultural sites in Iowa and Minnesota. In Mississippi, herbicides generally were detected more frequently at the agricultural site. The insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and carbaryl, which are used in agricultural and non-agricultural settings, were detected more frequently in urban sites than agricultural sites in Mississippi and Iowa. Methyl parathion was detected in 70% of the samples from the Mississippi agricultural site and at the highest concentration (62 ng/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;air) of any insecticide measured in the study. At the background site, dacthal (100%), atrazine (35%), cyanazine (22%), and the (primarily atrazine) triazine transformation products CIAT (35%) and CEAT (17%) were detected most frequently, suggesting their potential for long-range atmospheric transport.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00544-6","usgsCitation":"Foreman, W., Majewski, M., Goolsby, D.A., Wiebe, F., and Coupe, R., 2000, Pesticides in the atmosphere of the Mississippi River Valley, part II: Air: Science of Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 213-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00544-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"226","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.76953125,\n              30.334953881988564\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.154296875,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.6279296875,\n              35.35321610123823\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.650390625,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.84765625,\n              36.59788913307022\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.001953125,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.9248046875,\n              38.47939467327645\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6396484375,\n              39.740986355883564\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6396484375,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3642578125,\n              41.705728515237524\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5732421875,\n              43.16512263158296\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0126953125,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.5400390625,\n              45.24395342262324\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.8916015625,\n              46.40756396630067\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1220703125,\n              46.89023157359399\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.2861328125,\n              47.45780853075031\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.912109375,\n              48.07807894349862\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.5810546875,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8994140625,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.591796875,\n              43.61221676817573\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.7568359375,\n              40.78054143186033\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.658203125,\n              38.92522904714054\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.52636718749999,\n              35.88905007936091\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.482421875,\n              33.46810795527896\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.955078125,\n              33.358061612778876\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.04296874999999,\n              31.98944183792288\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.55957031249999,\n              30.789036751261136\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.6474609375,\n              29.80251790576445\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3076171875,\n              29.075375179558346\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.76953125,\n              30.334953881988564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"248","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a776de4b0c8380cd784be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Majewski, M.S.","contributorId":88501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiebe, F.W.","contributorId":83311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiebe","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023098,"text":"70023098 - 2000 - Mobile sediment in an urbanizing karst aquifer: Implications for contaminant transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T17:07:35.709893","indexId":"70023098","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobile sediment in an urbanizing karst aquifer: Implications for contaminant transport","docAbstract":"Here we investigate geochemical characteristics of sediment in different compartments of a karst aquifer and demonstrate that mobile sediments in a karst aquifer can exhibit a wide range of properties affecting their contaminant transport potential. Sediment samples were collected from surface streams, sinkholes, caves, wells, and springs of a karst aquifer (the Barton Springs portion of the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer, Central Texas) and their mineralogy, grain-size distribution, organic carbon content, and specific surface area analyzed. Statistical analysis of the sediments separated the sampling sites into three distinct groups: (1) streambeds, sinkholes, and small springs; (2) wells; and (3) caves. Sediments from the primary discharge spring were a mix of these three groups. High organic carbon content and increased potential to transport contaminants; the volume of these sediments is likely to increase with continued urbanization of the watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s002540050434","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Lynch, L., and Bennett, P., 2000, Mobile sediment in an urbanizing karst aquifer: Implications for contaminant transport: Environmental Geology, v. 39, no. 1, p. 25-38, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050434.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.96435546875,\n              29.286398892934763\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96533203125,\n              29.286398892934763\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96533203125,\n              31.71882222408327\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.96435546875,\n              31.71882222408327\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.96435546875,\n              29.286398892934763\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b8fe4b0c8380cd6f642","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynch, L.","contributorId":35486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, P.C.","contributorId":24357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022932,"text":"70022932 - 2000 - Development of an integrative sampler for polar organic chemicals in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022932","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":610,"text":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of an integrative sampler for polar organic chemicals in water","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"219th ACS National Meeting","conferenceDate":"26 March 2000 through 30 March 2000","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","issn":"00933066","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, D., Petty, J.D., Huckins, J., and Manahan, S., 2000, Development of an integrative sampler for polar organic chemicals in water: ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints, v. 40, no. 1, p. 71-74.","startPage":"71","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a004fe4b0c8380cd4f6c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, D.A.","contributorId":39481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manahan, S.E.","contributorId":102667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manahan","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023131,"text":"70023131 - 2000 - Dissolved organic nitrogen budgets for upland, forested ecosystems in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023131","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved organic nitrogen budgets for upland, forested ecosystems in New England","docAbstract":"Relatively high deposition of nitrogen (N) in the northeastern United States has caused concern because sites could become N saturated. In the past, mass-balance studies have been used to monitor the N status of sites and to investigate the impact of increased N deposition. Typically, these efforts have focused on dissolved inorganic forms of N (DIN = NH4-N + NO3-N) and have largely ignored dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) due to difficulties in its analysis. Recent advances in the measurement of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) have facilitated measurement of DON as the residual of TDN - DIN. We calculated DON and DIN budgets using data on precipitation and streamwater chemistry collected from 9 forested watersheds at 4 sites in New England. TDN in precipitation was composed primarily of DIN. Net retention of TDN ranged from 62 to 89% (4.7 to 10 kg ha-1 yr-1) of annual inputs. DON made up the majority of TDN in stream exports, suggesting that inclusion of DON is critical to assessing N dynamics even in areas with large anthropogenic inputs of DIN. Despite the dominance of DON in streamwater, precipitation inputs of DON were approximately equal to outputs. DON concentrations in streamwater did not appear significantly influenced by seasonal biological controls, but did increase with discharge on some watersheds. Streamwater NO3-N was the only fraction of N that exhibited a seasonal pattern, with concentrations increasing during the winter months and peaking during snowmelt runoff. Concentrations of NO3-N varied considerably among watersheds and are related to DOC:DON ratios in streamwater. Annual DIN exports were negatively correlated with streamwater DOC:DON ratios, indicating that these ratios might be a useful index of N status of upland forests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1006383731753","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Campbell, J., Hornbeck, J., McDowell, W.H., Buso, D., Shanley, J.B., and Likens, G., 2000, Dissolved organic nitrogen budgets for upland, forested ecosystems in New England: Biogeochemistry, v. 49, no. 2, p. 123-142, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006383731753.","startPage":"123","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006383731753"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a023ae4b0c8380cd4ff64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, J.L.","contributorId":20488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornbeck, J.W.","contributorId":63578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornbeck","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDowell, W. H.","contributorId":88532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buso, D.C.","contributorId":31392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Likens, G.E.","contributorId":68893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023095,"text":"70023095 - 2000 - Predicting red wolf release success in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T16:29:17","indexId":"70023095","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting red wolf release success in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>Although the red wolf (<i>Canis rufus</i>) was once found throughout the southeastern United States, indiscriminate killing and habitat destruction reduced its range to a small section of coastal Texas and Louisiana. Wolves trapped from 1973 to 1980 were taken to establish a captive breeding program that was used to repatriate 2 mainland and 3 island red wolf populations. We collected data from 320 red wolf releases in these areas and classified each as a success or failure based on survival and reproductive criteria, and whether recaptures were necessary to resolve conflicts with humans. We evaluated the relations between release success and conditions at the release sites, characteristics of released wolves, and release procedures. Although &lt;44% of the variation in release success was explained, model performance based on jackknife tests indicated a 72-80% correct prediction rate for the 4 operational models we developed. The models indicated that success was associated with human influences on the landscape and the level of wolf habituation to humans prior to release. We applied the models to 31 prospective areas for wolf repatriation and calculated an index of release success for each area. Decision-makers can use these models to objectively rank prospective release areas and compare strengths and weaknesses of each.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803197","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"van Manen, F.T., Crawford, B.A., and Clark, J.D., 2000, Predicting red wolf release success in the southeastern United States: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 4, p. 895-902, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803197.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"895","endPage":"902","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487436,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3803197","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81c5e4b0c8380cd7b704","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Barron A.","contributorId":168758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"Barron","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023097,"text":"70023097 - 2000 - Predicting the probability of detecting organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in stream systems on the basis of land use in the Pacific Northwest, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T15:21:46","indexId":"70023097","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the probability of detecting organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in stream systems on the basis of land use in the Pacific Northwest, USA","docAbstract":"<p>We analyzed streambed sediment and fish tissue (Cottus sp.) at 30 sites in the Puget Sound and Willamette basins in Washington and Oregon, USA, respectively, for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The study was designed to determine the concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in fish tissue and sediment by land use within these basins and to develop an empirical relation between land use and the probability of detecting these compounds in fish tissue or sediment. We identified 14 organochlorines in fish tissue and sediment; three compounds were unique to either fish tissue or sediment samples. The highest number of organochlorines detected in both fish tissue and streambed sediment was at those sites located in watersheds dominated by urban land uses. Using logistic regression, we found a significant relation between percentage agriculture and urban land use and organochlorines in fish tissue. The results of this study indicate that organochlorine pesticides and PCBs are still found in fish tissues and bed sediments in these two basins. In addition, we produced statistically significant models capable of predicting the probability of detecting specific organochlorines in fish on the basis of land use. Although the presented models are specific to the two study basins, the modeling approach could be applied to other basins as well.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620190434","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Black, R.W., Haggland, A., and Voss, F., 2000, Predicting the probability of detecting organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in stream systems on the basis of land use in the Pacific Northwest, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 4 I, p. 1044-1054, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190434.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1044","endPage":"1054","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4 I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81d6e4b0c8380cd7b775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Black, R. W.","contributorId":81943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haggland, A.L.","contributorId":17273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggland","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, F.D.","contributorId":103420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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