The development of an effective vaccine to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in fish requires a knowledge of the virus serotypes in nature. At least two serotypes were found among three IHNV strains (12). Attempts in our laboratory to extend this study with additional virus strains by classical immunological techniques were unsatisfactory. Thus, we sought another method for comparing IHNV strains. We report here that different strains of IHNV can be distinguished by the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the viron polypeptides. Major strain differences were noted in the molecular weights of the envelope glycoprotein, G, and the nucleocapsid protein, N.
The strains of IHNV were established from samples taken at several locations in California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. These strains were also characterized by growth rate at 15° and 18°C and average plaque size. Distinct differences in growth rate at the two temperatures were found for the California strains. The California strains were distinguished from the other strains by the production of minute plaques.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish biologics: Serodiagnostics and vaccines (Developments in biological standardization, volume 49)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Fish Biologics","conferenceDate":"April 26-30, 1981","conferenceLocation":"Leetown, WV","language":"English","publisher":"S. Karger","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","issn":"0301-5149","isbn":"3-8055-3471-X","usgsCitation":"Leong, J., Hsu, Y.L., Engelking, H.M., and Mulcahy, D.M., 1981, Strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus may be identified by structural protein differences, in Fish biologics: Serodiagnostics and vaccines (Developments in biological standardization, volume 49), v. 49, Leetown, WV, April 26-30, 1981, p. 43-55.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.karger.com/Book/Home/220215"}],"volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a2d3c3e4b0c82512869a34","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698963,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Leong, J.C.","contributorId":152183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leong","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25665,"text":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsu, Ya Li","contributorId":152436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsu","given":"Ya","email":"","middleInitial":"Li","affiliations":[{"id":25665,"text":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engelking, H. Mark","contributorId":168718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelking","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":16267,"text":"Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011805,"text":"70011805 - 1981 - Depositional and erosional features of the inner shelf, northeastern Bering Sea.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011805","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1794,"text":"Geologie en Mijnbouw","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional and erosional features of the inner shelf, northeastern Bering Sea.","docAbstract":"Sonographs and bathymetric profiles from water depths less than 15m in the Nome-Solomon, Port Clarence, and Yukon Delta areas of the Alaskan Bering Sea coast show features generated by waves, currents, and drifting ice. The surficial sediments in the Nome-Solomon and Port Clarence areas range in grain size from sand to boulder gravel and have many surface features visible on sonographs, whereas the sediments off the Yukon Delta are fine sands and silts that have few such features. Materials in the Nome-Solomon and Port Clarence areas have been seggregated by grain size into ribbons and irregular, elongate, and lobate patches. Coarse sand and fine gravel patches and ribbons are characterized by symmetrical ripples generated by storm waves. Ice-gouged furrows occur in all the nearshore areas studied.-from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologie en Mijnbouw","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hunter, R.E., Thor, D., and Swisher, M., 1981, Depositional and erosional features of the inner shelf, northeastern Bering Sea.: Geologie en Mijnbouw, v. 61, no. 1, p. 49-62.","startPage":"49","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059febae4b0c8380cd4eec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, R. E.","contributorId":48148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thor, D.R.","contributorId":79521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thor","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swisher, M.L.","contributorId":42709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swisher","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012019,"text":"70012019 - 1981 - Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12740,"text":"ofr80809 - 1980 - Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","indexId":"ofr80809","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70012019,"text":"70012019 - 1981 - Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","indexId":"70012019","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T11:06:49","indexId":"70012019","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic reflection data, recorded offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, were processed digitally to determine the reflectivity structure of the uppermost layers of the seafloor. A prominent reflector, found at 27 m below the mud line (water depths 7-9 m), has a negative reflection coefficient greater than 0.5. The large acoustic impedance contrast, coupled with a report of gas encountered at a corresponding depth in a nearby drillhole, shows that the reflector is the upper boundary of a zone containing gas. The gas exists in sandy gravel capped by stiff, silty clay. Analysis of unprocessed conventional high-resolution records from the region indicates that the gas-bearing layer may extend over an area of at least 50 km2 at a depth of 20-35 m below the mud line. Similar-appearing reflectors (Reimnitz, 1972), previously unexplained, occur in patches over wide regions of the shelf where offshore oil development is beginning at a rapid pace. This suggests the exercise of caution with respect to possible hazards from shallow gas pockets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0165-232X(81)90031-8","issn":"0165232X","usgsCitation":"Boucher, G., Reimnitz, E., and Kempema, E., 1981, Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 4, no. 1, p. 63-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(81)90031-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267107,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(81)90031-8"},{"id":222333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prudhoe Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b0ee4b08c986b31755d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boucher, G.","contributorId":19290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boucher","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kempema, E.","contributorId":53395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kempema","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045308,"text":"70045308 - 1981 - Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:21:43","indexId":"70045308","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1980","docAbstract":"This report is a digest of information furnished by Federal agencies conducting sedimentation investigations on work in progress or planned, important findings, new methods, new publications, laboratory and other research activities, and other pertinent information. The material has been organized by major drainage regions in the conterminous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and foreign. There is also a section on Research and Other Activities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation, 1981, Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1980, viii, 284 p.","productDescription":"viii, 284 p.","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1980-12-01","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045308/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272707,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045308/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5165386ee4b077fa94dadfd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","contributorId":127893,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","id":535467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012098,"text":"70012098 - 1981 - Strain accumulation across the Denali fault in the Delta River canyon, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T15:34:22.644074","indexId":"70012098","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strain accumulation across the Denali fault in the Delta River canyon, Alaska","docAbstract":"Deformation along the Denali fault in the Delta River canyon was determined from geodetic surveys in 1941/1942, 1970, 1975, and 1979. The data were best for the 1975–1979 interval; in that period the average strain accumulation was essentially pure right lateral shear at a rate of 0.6 ± 0.1 μrad/a (a is years) (engineering shear) across a vertical plane striking N87°E. The plane of maximum shear is rotated about 30° counterclockwise from the local strike of the Denali fault but closely coincides with the strike of a major linear segment of the fault that begins 50 km farther west. The deformation between 1941/1942 and 1970 is consistent with a similar rate of strain accumulation if one removes the coseismic strain step contributed by the 1964 Alaska earthquake. The 1970–1975 deformation is poorly defined owing to uncertainties in the 1970 survey, but the strain accumulation during that period is certainly much less than during the 1975–1979 interval. The 1975–1979 strain accumulation is interpreted by means of a dislocation model which suggests that the Denali fault in the vicinity of the Delta River Canyon behaves as a leaky transform fault (i.e., a source of spreading as well as lateral slip). The block south of the Denali fault appears to be moving westward (parallel to the strike of the Denali fault west of the 147th meridian) at the rate of about 20 mm/a relative to the North American plate. Because the linear segment of the Denali fault east of the 147th meridian (along which the geodetic network is located) strikes N63°W, accommodation of the westward motion of the southern block requires some spreading within the fault zone as well as right lateral slip on the fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB02p01005","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., Lisowski, M., and Prescott, W., 1981, Strain accumulation across the Denali fault in the Delta River canyon, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B2, p. 1005-1014, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB02p01005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1014","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b988fe4b08c986b31c099","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}