{"pageNumber":"327","pageRowStart":"8150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10452,"records":[{"id":70019740,"text":"70019740 - 1997 - Enhancement and inhibition of microbial activity in hydrocarbon- contaminated arctic soils: Implications for nutrient-amended bioremediation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:22","indexId":"70019740","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancement and inhibition of microbial activity in hydrocarbon- contaminated arctic soils: Implications for nutrient-amended bioremediation","docAbstract":"Bioremediation is being used or proposed as a treatment option at many hydrocarbon-contaminated sites. One such site is a former bulk-fuel storage facility near Barrow, AK, where contamination persists after approximately 380 m3 of JP-5 was spilled in 1970. The soil at the site is primarily coarse sand with low organic carbon (<1%) end low moisture (1-3%) contents. We examined the effects of nutrient additions on microorganisms in contaminated soil from this site in laboratory microcosms and in mesocosms incubated for 6 weeks in the field. Nitrogen was the major limiting nutrient in this system, but microbial populations and activity were maximally enhanced by additions of both nitrogen and phosphorus. When nutrients were added to soil in the field at three levels of N:P (100:45, 200:90, and 300:135 mg/kg soil), the greatest stimulation in microbial activity occurred at the lowest, rather than the highest, level of nutrient addition. The total soil-water potentials ranged from -2 to -15 bar with increasing levels of fertilizer. Semivolatile hydrocarbon concentrations declined significantly only in the soils treated at the low fertilizer level. These results indicate that an understanding of nutrient effects at a specific site is essential for successful bioremediation.Bioremediation is being used or proposed as a treatment option at many hydrocarbon-contaminated sites. One such site is a former bulk-fuel storage facility near Barrow, AK, where contamination persists after approximately 380 m3 of JP-5 was spilled in 1970. The soil at the site is primarily coarse sand with low organic carbon (<1%) and low moisture (1-3%) contents. We examined the effects of nutrient additions on microorganisms in contaminated soil from this site in laboratory microcosms and in mesocosms incubated for 6 weeks in the field. Nitrogen was the major limiting nutrient in this system, but microbial populations and activity were maximally enhanced by additions of both nitrogen and phosphorus. When nutrients were added to soil in the field at three levels of N:P (100:45, 200:90, and 300:135 mg/kg soil), the greatest stimulation in microbial activity occurred at the lowest, rather than the highest, level of nutrient addition. The total soil-water potentials ranged from -2 to -15 bar with increasing levels of fertilizer. Semi-volatile hydrocarbon concentrations declined significantly only in the soils treated at the low fertilizer level. These results indicate that an understanding of nutrient effects at a specific site is essential for successful bioremediation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","doi":"10.1021/es960904d","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Braddock, J., Ruth, M., Catterall, P., Walworth, J., and McCarthy, K.A., 1997, Enhancement and inhibition of microbial activity in hydrocarbon- contaminated arctic soils: Implications for nutrient-amended bioremediation: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 7, p. 2078-2084, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960904d.","startPage":"2078","endPage":"2084","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960904d"},{"id":228018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0971e4b0c8380cd51ef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braddock, J.F.","contributorId":9010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braddock","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruth, M.L.","contributorId":67679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Catterall, P.H.","contributorId":73357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catterall","given":"P.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walworth, J.L.","contributorId":56815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walworth","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019686,"text":"70019686 - 1997 - Seismic source study of the Racha-Dzhava (Georgia) earthquake from aftershocks and broad-band teleseismic body-wave records: An example of active nappe tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T12:01:45.542941","indexId":"70019686","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic source study of the Racha-Dzhava (Georgia) earthquake from aftershocks and broad-band teleseismic body-wave records: An example of active nappe tectonics","docAbstract":"

The Racha-Dzhava earthquake (Ms=7.0) that occurred on 1991 April 29 at 09:12:48.1 GMT in the southern border of the Great Caucasus is the biggest event ever recorded in the region, stronger than the Spitak earthquake (Ms=6.9) of 1988. A field expedition to the epicentral area was organised and a temporary seismic network of 37 stations was deployed to record the aftershock activity. A very precise image of the aftershock distribution is obtained, showing an elongated cloud oriented N105°, with one branch trending N310° in the western part. The southernmost part extends over 80 km, with the depth ranging from 0 to 15 km, and dips north. The northern branch, which is about 30 km long, shows activity that ranges in depth from 5 to 15 km. The complex thrust dips northwards. A stress-tensor inversion from P-wave first-motion polarities shows a state of triaxial compression, with the major principal axis oriented roughly N-S, the minor principal axis being vertical. Body-waveform inversion of teleseismic seismograms was performed for the main shock, which can be divided into four subevents with a total rupture-time duration of 22 s. The most important part of the seismic moment was released by a gentle northerly dipping thrust. The model is consistent with the compressive tectonics of the region and is in agreement with the aftershock distribution and the stress tensor deduced from the aftershocks. The focal mechanisms of the three largest aftershocks were also inverted from body-wave records. The April 29th (Ms=6.1) and May 5th (Ms=5.4) aftershocks have thrust mechanisms on roughly E-W-oriented planes, similar to the main shock. Surprisingly, the June 15th (Ms=6.2) aftershock shows a thrust fault striking N-S. This mechanism is explained by the structural control of the rupture along the east-dipping geometry of the Dzirula Massif close to the Borzhomi-Kazbeg strike-slip fault. In fact, the orientation and shape of the stress tensor produce a thrust on a N-S oriented plane. Nappe tectonics has been identified as an important feature in the Caucasus, and the source mechanism is consistent with this observation. A hidden fault is present below the nappe, and no large surface breaks were observed due to the main shock. The epicentral region is characterized by sediments that are trapped between two crystalline basements: the Dzirula Massif, which crops out south of Chiatoura, and the Caucasus Main Range north of Oni. Most, if not all, of the rupture is controlled by the thrusting of overlapping, deformed and folded sediments over the Dzirula Massif. This event is another example of blind active faults, with the distinctive feature that the fault plane dips at a gentle angle. The Racha Range is one of the surface expressions of this blind thrust, and its growth is the consequence and evidence of similar earthquakes in the past.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb00985.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Fuenzalida, H., Rivera, L., Haessler, H., Legrand, D., Philip, H., Dorbath, L., McCormack, D., Arefiev, S., Langer, C., and Cisternas, A., 1997, Seismic source study of the Racha-Dzhava (Georgia) earthquake from aftershocks and broad-band teleseismic body-wave records: An example of active nappe tectonics: Geophysical Journal International, v. 130, no. 1, p. 29-46, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb00985.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480040,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-04578497","text":"External Repository"},{"id":227800,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b63e4b08c986b3177c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuenzalida, H.","contributorId":94806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuenzalida","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rivera, L.","contributorId":39535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haessler, H.","contributorId":82871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haessler","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Legrand, D.","contributorId":37093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legrand","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Philip, H.","contributorId":43122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philip","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dorbath, L.","contributorId":103424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorbath","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCormack, D.","contributorId":97648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormack","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arefiev, S.","contributorId":92003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arefiev","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Langer, C.","contributorId":98480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cisternas, A.","contributorId":43509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cisternas","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70019681,"text":"70019681 - 1997 - Selection of summer roosting sites by Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) in Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70019681","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selection of summer roosting sites by Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) in Missouri","docAbstract":"Summer roosting sites were studied at four maternity colonies of Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) in northern Missouri. Colonies of Indiana bats used two types of roosts, primary and alternate, that differed in intensity of use, number, and probable function. Primary roosts were denned as roosts where use by >30 bats on more than one occasion was observed. The number of primary roosts per colony ranged from one to three. All primary roosts were in standing dead trees situated in trees exposed to direct sunlight. Alternate roosts were used by smaller numbers of bats. These roosts included both living and dead trees that typically were located within the shaded forest interior. Differences in patterns of use between types of roosts seemed to be influenced by weather conditions in that use of alternate roost trees increased during periods of elevated temperature and precipitation. Indiana bats have specific requirements for roost sites, but also must be able to relocate when loss of bark, tree fall, or other events render their current roost sites unusable. Practices of forest management within the summer range of Indiana bats should favor retention of large-diameter, mature, and senescent trees.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Callahan, E., Drobney, R., and Clawson, R., 1997, Selection of summer roosting sites by Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) in Missouri: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 78, no. 3, p. 818-825.","startPage":"818","endPage":"825","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cd4e4b08c986b318163","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callahan, E.V.","contributorId":74527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drobney, R.D.","contributorId":26827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drobney","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clawson, R.L.","contributorId":6559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019604,"text":"70019604 - 1997 - Fecundity of the American eel Anguilla rostrata at 45°N in Maine, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T15:51:47","indexId":"70019604","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fecundity of the American eel Anguilla rostrata at 45°N in Maine, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"

The northern portion of the geographic range of the American eel Anguilla rostrata may contribute a great proportion of the reproductive potential to this panmictic species because of apparent increases in average female size and female percentage with latitude. The regressions of fecundity on body length and on body weight of 63 female eels captured at about 45° N latitude on their spawning migration to the sea were log F= 1·2601 + 2·9642 log L and log F= 4·1646+0·9153 log W, where F is fecundity, L is total length (cm), and W is total weight (g). Length and weight each explained about 90% of the variation in fecundity. Estimates of fecundity from counts of aliquots of eggs ranged from 1·84 million to 19·92 million eggs for eels ranging in length from 45 to 113 cm, nearly the range of sizes of migrating females reported in the literature. Fecundities of the American eel were greater than reported in one study at about 37° N and greater than reported for the European eel, A. anguilla, shortfin eel, A. australis, and longfin eel, A. dieffenbachii. If a geographic cline in fecundity does exist in American eels, it is established anew each generation because the species forms a single panmictic population.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb02004.x","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Barbin, G., and McCleave, J., 1997, Fecundity of the American eel Anguilla rostrata at 45°N in Maine, U.S.A.: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 51, no. 4, p. 840-847, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb02004.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"840","endPage":"847","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205995,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.1997.0488"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f4ee4b0c8380cd53870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbin, G.P.","contributorId":17948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbin","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleave, J.D.","contributorId":33669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleave","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019583,"text":"70019583 - 1997 - Slope instability caused by small variations in hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T16:48:49.418446","indexId":"70019583","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slope instability caused by small variations in hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"

Variations in hydraulic conductivity can greatly modify hillslope ground-water flow fields, effective-stress fields, and slope stability. In materials with uniform texture, hydraulic conductivities can vary over one to two orders of magnitude, yet small variations can be difficult to determine. The destabilizing effects caused by small (one order of magnitude or less) hydraulic conductivity variations using ground-water flow modeling, finite-element deformation analysis, and limit-equilibrium analysis are examined here. Low hydraulic conductivity materials that impede downslope ground-water flow can create unstable areas with locally elevated pore-water pressures. The destabilizing effects of small hydraulic heterogeneities can be as great as those induced by typical variations in the frictional strength (approximately 4°–8°) of texturally similar materials. Common “worst-case” assumptions about ground-water flow, such as a completely saturated “hydrostatic” pore-pressure distribution, do not account for locally elevated pore-water pressures and may not provide a conservative slope stability analysis. In site characterization, special attention should be paid to any materials that might impede downslope ground-water flow and create unstable regions.

","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:8(717)","issn":"10900241","usgsCitation":"Reid, M., 1997, Slope instability caused by small variations in hydraulic conductivity: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 123, no. 8, p. 717-725, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:8(717).","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"725","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9160e4b08c986b319886","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, M.E.","contributorId":108130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019536,"text":"70019536 - 1997 - The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70019536","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"A 2 X 2 factorial experiment of diet type (krill vs. fish meal) and steroid supplementation (0 vs. 30 ??g 17??-methyltestosterone kg-1) was conducted to determine the effects on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout. Triplicate tanks of 250 fry were fed one of the four diets at a rate calculated to produce 115 g fish in 34 weeks. Fish were transferred to larger tanks when mean density index reached 0.40. Dorsal fin index (DFI, measured as mean dorsal fin height X 100/total fish length) was greater (P < 0.001) among fish fed krill-based diets than for fish fed fish-based diets at weeks 12, 22, and 34 of the trial. Added testosterone decreased (p = 0.04) DFI among fish fed the krill diet at week 12 but otherwise had no effect on fin condition. Addition of testosterone to either diet type decreased (P = 0.02) critical thermal maximum, which is a measure of fish resistance to thermal stress. The results suggest that diet composition can influence the rate of dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout through a metabolic, behavioral, or combined change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00133-6","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Lellis, W., and Barrows, F., 1997, The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Aquaculture, v. 156, no. 3-4, p. 229-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00133-6.","startPage":"229","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00133-6"},{"id":228045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab1fe4b08c986b322c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrows, F.T.","contributorId":94998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019535,"text":"70019535 - 1997 - The 1936, 1945-1947, and 1950 earthquake sequences near Lassen Peak, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T14:08:33.175108","indexId":"70019535","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1936, 1945-1947, and 1950 earthquake sequences near Lassen Peak, California","docAbstract":"

Three vigorous earthquake sequences occurred near Lassen Peak in 1936, between 1945 and 1947, and in 1950; the latter two sequences included mainshocks of magnitude 5.0 and 5.5, respectively, and thousands of smaller events. No comparable earthquake sequences have occurred near Lassen Peak since 1950. The epicentral area lies within 20 km of the southern boundary of Lassen Volcanic National Park, in a northwest striking seismic zone that extends from Lake Tahoe to the vicinity of Mount Shasta. In comparing their time history and magnitude distribution with other earthquake sequences that have occurred in regions of Cenozoic volcanism within and east of the Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada, we find that the Lassen earthquake sequences show similar characteristics to two earthquake sequences that occurred on Basin and Range faults near Herlong, California, and Klamath Falls, Oregon. We interpret this similarity as evidence that the Lassen earthquakes were caused by Basin and Range extension and may have occurred on one or more Basin and Range faults in the Lassen region. However, the limitations of the data do not allow other possible sources, such as magmatic injection, to be ruled out. The most important implication of the Lassen earthquake sequences is that earthquakes of M 5 or greater may occur in the Lassen region, perhaps quite close to Lassen Peak or other volcanoes. The record of Holocene volcanism and fault displacements in the region indicates that earthquake sequences driven by either tectonic or magmatic processes may occur near Lassen Peak, and any significant earthquake sequence should be carefully monitored to assess its nature.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB02793","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Norris, R., Meagher, K., and Weaver, C., 1997, The 1936, 1945-1947, and 1950 earthquake sequences near Lassen Peak, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B1, p. 449-457, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB02793.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"457","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479961,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb02793","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba61ae4b08c986b320ec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, R.D.","contributorId":45735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meagher, K.L.","contributorId":65067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meagher","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019451,"text":"70019451 - 1997 - A study of the temporal variability of atrazine in private well water. Part I: Study design, implementation, and database development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70019451","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of the temporal variability of atrazine in private well water. Part I: Study design, implementation, and database development","docAbstract":"In 1988, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, along with the University of Iowa conducted the Statewide Rural Well Water Survey, commonly known as SWRL. A total of 686 private rural drinking water wells was selected by use of a probability sample and tested for pesticides and nitrates. Sixty-eight of these wells, the '10% repeat' wells, were additionally sampled in October, 1990 and June, 1991. Starting in November, 1991, the University of Iowa, with sponsorship from the United States Environmental Protection Agency, revisited these wells to begin a study of the temporal variability of atrazine and nitrates in wells. Other wells, which had originally tested positive for atrazine in SWRL but were not in the 10% repeat population, were added to the study population. Temporal sampling for a year-long period began in February of 1992 and concluded in January of 1993. All wells were sampled monthly, one subset was sampled weekly, and a second subset was sampled for 14-day consecutive periods. Two unique aspects of this study were the use of an immunoassay technique to screen for triazines before gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and quantification of atrazine, and the use of well owners to sample the wells. A total of 1771 samples from 83 wells are in the final data base for this study. This paper reviews the study design, the analytical methodologies, and development of the data base. A companion paper discusses the analysis of the data from this survey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1005700803802","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Lorber, M., Johnson, K., Kross, B., Pinsky, P., Burmeister, L., Thurman, M., Wilkins, A., and Hallberg, G., 1997, A study of the temporal variability of atrazine in private well water. Part I: Study design, implementation, and database development: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 47, no. 2, p. 175-195, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005700803802.","startPage":"175","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205787,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005700803802"},{"id":226790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5c6e4b0c8380cd46f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorber, M.","contributorId":100551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorber","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kevin","contributorId":83287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kross, B.","contributorId":102211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kross","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pinsky, P.","contributorId":105453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinsky","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burmeister, L.","contributorId":100552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burmeister","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thurman, M.","contributorId":42372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilkins, A.","contributorId":93638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkins","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hallberg, G.","contributorId":73758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallberg","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70019450,"text":"70019450 - 1997 - A numerical model of sediment transport applied to San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:33:11","indexId":"70019450","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2378,"text":"Journal of Marine Environmental Engineering","onlineIssn":"1029-0427","printIssn":"1061-026X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A numerical model of sediment transport applied to San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"

A two dimensional depth-averaged sediment transport model is used to simulate field measurements of suspended sediment concentrations in northern San Francisco Bay. The model uses a semi-implicit finite difference method to solve the shallow water equations and incorporates standard empirical expressions for erosion and deposition of sediments into the transport equation as source/sink terms. The field measurements indicate that tidal scale variations (both diurnal and spring-neap) dominate the variations in suspended sediment concentration (SSC). Increases in SSC also correlated highly with large delta outflows following a storm in late winter. The sediment transport model reproduces the field measurements quite well during periods when the water column is relatively well-mixed vertically. However, the present model only includes one size class of sediment and does not perform well when spatial variability of sediment properties and multiple size classes are significant factors. Comparison of erosion and accretion patterns generated by the model with those obtained from historical bathymetric surveys indicate that the model captures several of the general features observed historically. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the model is very sensitive to the critical shear stress for erosion and moderately sensitive to the erosion rate constant, critical shear stress for deposition, and settling velocity.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Marine Environmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1061026X","usgsCitation":"Mcdonald, E., and Cheng, R.T., 1997, A numerical model of sediment transport applied to San Francisco Bay, California: Journal of Marine Environmental Engineering, v. 4, no. 1, p. 1-41.","startPage":"1","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c9e4b0c8380cd46922","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mcdonald, E.T.","contributorId":27621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcdonald","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019416,"text":"70019416 - 1997 - Depth dependence of earthquake frequency-magnitude distributions in California: Implications for rupture initiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T15:59:10.676406","indexId":"70019416","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depth dependence of earthquake frequency-magnitude distributions in California: Implications for rupture initiation","docAbstract":"

Statistics of earthquakes in California show linear frequency-magnitude relationships in the range of M2.0 to M5.5 for various data sets. Assuming Gutenberg-Richter distributions, there is a systematic decrease in b value with increasing depth of earthquakes. We find consistent results for various data sets from northern and southern California that both include and exclude the larger aftershock sequences. We suggest that at shallow depth (∼0 to 6 km) conditions with more heterogeneous material properties and lower lithospheric stress prevail. Rupture initiations are more likely to stop before growing into large earthquakes, producing relatively more smaller earthquakes and consequently higher b values. These ideas help to explain the depth-dependent observations of foreshocks in the western United States. The higher occurrence rate of foreshocks preceding shallow earthquakes can be interpreted in terms of rupture initiations that are stopped before growing into the mainshock. At greater depth (9–15 km), any rupture initiation is more likely to continue growing into a larger event, so there are fewer foreshocks. If one assumes that frequency-magnitude statistics can be used to estimate probabilities of a small rupture initiation growing into a larger earthquake, then a small (M2) rupture initiation at 9 to 12 km depth is 18 times more likely to grow into a M5.5 or larger event, compared to the same small rupture initiation at 0 to 3 km.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB01356","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mori, J., and Abercrombie, R., 1997, Depth dependence of earthquake frequency-magnitude distributions in California: Implications for rupture initiation: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B7, p. 15081-15090, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01356.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"15081","endPage":"15090","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fecee4b0c8380cd4ef37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mori, J.","contributorId":24923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abercrombie, R.E.","contributorId":57611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abercrombie","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019360,"text":"70019360 - 1997 - Mississippian coral latitudinal diversity gradients (western interior United States): Testing the limits of high resolution diversity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-07T00:19:30.156971","indexId":"70019360","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mississippian coral latitudinal diversity gradients (western interior United States): Testing the limits of high resolution diversity data","docAbstract":"

Analysis of high resolution diversity data for Mississippian corals in the western interior United States yielded mild latitudinal diversity gradients despite the small geographic area covered by samples and a large influence on diversity patterns by geographic sampling intensity (sample bias). Three competing plate tectonic reconstructions were tested using the diversity patterns. Although none could be forcefully rejected, one reconstruction proved less consistent with diversity patterns than the other two and additional coral diversity data from farther north in Canada would better discriminate the two equivalent reconstructions.

Despite the relatively high sampling intensity represented by the analyzed database, diversity patterns were greatly affected by sample abundance and distribution. Hence, some effort at recognizing and accounting for sample bias should be undertaken in any study of latitudinal diversity gradients. Small-scale geographic lumping of sample localities had only small effects on geographic diversity patterns. However, large-scale (e.g., regional) geographic lumping of diversity data may not yield latitudinally sensitive diversity patterns. Temporal changes in coral diversity in this region reflect changes in eustacy, local tectonism, and terrigenous sediment flux, far more than they do shifting latitude. Highest regional diversity occurred during the interval when the studied region occupied the highest latitude. Therefore, diversity data from different regions may not be comparable, in terms of latitudinal inference. Small-scale stratigraphic lumping of the data caused a nearly complete loss of the latitudinal diversity patterns apparent prior to lumping. Hence, the narrowest possible stratigraphic resolution should be maintained in analyzing latitudinal diversity gradients.

","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000035733","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Webb, G., Sando, W., and Raymond, A., 1997, Mississippian coral latitudinal diversity gradients (western interior United States): Testing the limits of high resolution diversity data: Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, no. 5, p. 780-791, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000035733.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"780","endPage":"791","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b65e4b0c8380cd6f52d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, G.E.","contributorId":33516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sando, W.J.","contributorId":59470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raymond, A.","contributorId":14118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020052,"text":"70020052 - 1997 - Ambiguity in measuring matrix diffusion with single-well injection/recovery tracer tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T06:30:57","indexId":"70020052","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ambiguity in measuring matrix diffusion with single-well injection/recovery tracer tests","docAbstract":"Single-well injection/recovery tracer tests are considered for use in characterizing and quantifying matrix diffusion in dual-porosity aquifers. Numerical modeling indicates that neither regional drift in homogeneous aquifers, nor heterogeneity in aquifers having no regional drift, nor hydrodynamic dispersion significantly affects these tests. However, when drift is coupled simultaneously with heterogeneity, they can have significant confounding effects on tracer return. This synergistic effect of drift and heterogeneity may help explain irreversible flow and inconsistent results sometimes encountered in previous single-well injection/recovery tracer tests. Numerical results indicate that in a hypothetical single-well injection/recovery tracer test designed to demonstrate and measure dual-porosity characteristics in a fractured dolomite, the simultaneous effects of drift and heterogeneity sometimes yields responses similar to those anticipated in a homogeneous dual-porosity formation. In these cases, tracer recovery could provide a false indication of the occurrence of matrix diffusion. Shortening the shut-in period between injection and recovery periods may make the test less sensitive to drift. Using multiple tracers having different diffusion characteristics, multiple tests having different pumping schedules, and testing the formation at more than one location would decrease the ambiguity in the interpretation of test data.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00072.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Lessoff, S., and Konikow, L.F., 1997, Ambiguity in measuring matrix diffusion with single-well injection/recovery tracer tests: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 1, p. 166-176, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00072.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"176","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9aee4b0c8380cd483a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lessoff, S.C.","contributorId":68051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lessoff","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019279,"text":"70019279 - 1997 - Probabilistic and statistical relationships between number of vehicles and number of visitors at a geologic site in a National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T15:14:57","indexId":"70019279","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic and statistical relationships between number of vehicles and number of visitors at a geologic site in a National Park","docAbstract":"The National Park Service needs to establish in all of the national parks how large the parking lots should be in order to enjoy and presence our natural resources, for example, in the Delicate Arch in the Arches National Park. Probabilistic and statistical relationships were developed between the number of vehicles (N) at one time in the Wolfe Ranch parking lot and the number of visitors (X) at Delicate Arch 1.5 miles away in the Arches National Park, southeastern Utah. The value of N is determined such that 30 or more visitors are at the arch only 10% of the time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02769624","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., 1997, Probabilistic and statistical relationships between number of vehicles and number of visitors at a geologic site in a National Park: Mathematical Geology, v. 29, no. 1, p. 173-182, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02769624.","startPage":"173","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268637,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02769624"},{"id":226330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c7de4b0c8380cd7e705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000695,"text":"1000695 - 1997 - Survival of hatchery-reared lake trout stocked near shore and off shore in Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T13:11:51","indexId":"1000695","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of hatchery-reared lake trout stocked near shore and off shore in Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"

Establishing a stock of mature, hatchery-reared fish is necessary to restore a self-sustaining population of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Ontario. Stocking fish off shore rather than near shore to reduce predation on these fish by large lake trout or piscivorous birds may enhance survival of hatchery-reared fish and accelerate establishment of a population of adults. Results of an earlier study did not support routinely stocking fish off shore by helicopter in Lake Ontario, but stresses associated with helicopter stocking suggested another method of transporting fish off shore might enhance survival. I conducted this study to determine whether stocking lake trout off shore by barge would enhance first-year survival. Two lots of yearling lake trout were stocked at each of four locations in Lake Ontario in May 1992. One lot was stocked from shore, and an identical lot was transported by barge 3.4–10.4 km off shore of nearshore locations and stocked in water 46–52 m deep. Fish were recovered during trawl, gillnet, and creel surveys in 1992–1996. First-year survival of lake trout stocked off shore tended to be better than that of fish stocked near shore. Predation by double-crested cormorantsPhalacrocorax auritus likely affected survival of fish stocked near shore at two locations, 7 and 37 km, respectively, from a nesting colony of 5,443 pairs of double-crested cormorants. Predation by large lake trout remains a viable hypothesis, which explains, at least partially, lower survival of lake trout stocked near shore at two other locations. Stocking lake trout off shore of traditional nearshore stocking sites likely will enhance first-year survival of hatchery-reared fish and promote accumulation of an adult population, especially for those occassions where nearshore stocking locations are near nesting colonies of double-crested cormorants.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0779:SOHRLT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Elrod, J.H., 1997, Survival of hatchery-reared lake trout stocked near shore and off shore in Lake Ontario: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 17, no. 3, p. 779-783, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0779:SOHRLT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"783","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68817d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elrod, Joseph H.","contributorId":72737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrod","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019266,"text":"70019266 - 1997 - Occurrence and significance of Silurian K-bentonite beds at Arisaig, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T22:26:04.853454","indexId":"70019266","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and significance of Silurian K-bentonite beds at Arisaig, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada","docAbstract":"

The most extensive succession of K-bentonite beds known in the Silurian of North America occurs at Arisaig on the northern coast of Nova Scotia. At least 40 ash beds are present in the Llandoverian Ross Brook Formation and at least four in the early Ludlovian McAdam Brook Formation. Most of the beds are thin (< 5 cm), but one bed (the Smith Brook K-bentonite bed) in the late Llandoverian crenulata Zone and another (the McAdam Brook K-bentonite bed) in the early Ludlovian nilssoni Zone each reach a thickness of 20 cm. New graptolite collections provide critical information on the biostratigraphic position of the K-bentonite beds in the Ross Brook Formation. Geochemical data show that the Arisaig ash beds represent calc-alkaline magmas from plate margin, subduction-related volcanic vents. Differences in K-bentonite stratigraphic distribution, combined with paleogeographic considerations, suggest that the volcanoes were located much farther to the south in the Iapetus than the source volcanoes of the British–Baltoscandian Llandoverian K-bentonites.

","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e17-131","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Bergstrom, S., Huff, W., Kolata, D.R., and Melchin, M.J., 1997, Occurrence and significance of Silurian K-bentonite beds at Arisaig, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 34, no. 12, p. 1630-1643, https://doi.org/10.1139/e17-131.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1630","endPage":"1643","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Nova Scotia","city":"Arisaig","otherGeospatial":"Arisaig Provincial Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -62.202848618569064,\n 45.74427522683703\n ],\n [\n -62.20350113520516,\n 45.731675329841835\n ],\n [\n -62.19371338567392,\n 45.71527602644031\n ],\n [\n -62.17805298642375,\n 45.69477012758577\n ],\n [\n -62.13781446057358,\n 45.68139926979791\n ],\n [\n -62.122154061323414,\n 45.68307080181137\n ],\n [\n -62.09714933828745,\n 45.69719497203303\n ],\n [\n -62.054735756985366,\n 45.71648507955243\n ],\n [\n -62.04755807399593,\n 45.753224179967475\n ],\n [\n -62.0640884954267,\n 45.772950081139726\n ],\n [\n -62.08540403884959,\n 45.78948411501139\n ],\n [\n -62.09780185492272,\n 45.785692338734464\n ],\n [\n -62.11259223199227,\n 45.785540662318255\n ],\n [\n -62.117812365075935,\n 45.785995690328264\n ],\n [\n -62.13129770887413,\n 45.78083848872541\n ],\n [\n -62.13717035859307,\n 45.77552910639659\n ],\n [\n -62.150438196845926,\n 45.77158466654245\n ],\n [\n -62.16131347410317,\n 45.76688131594511\n ],\n [\n -62.1656635850062,\n 45.76399842116052\n ],\n [\n -62.1691436737278,\n 45.76384668572891\n ],\n [\n -62.175451334536646,\n 45.76157060473338\n ],\n [\n -62.17349378463089,\n 45.75929443088032\n ],\n [\n -62.17348536997619,\n 45.75702403509612\n ],\n [\n -62.18088055851095,\n 45.7535335794893\n ],\n [\n -62.19175583576735,\n 45.74989113217836\n ],\n [\n -62.202848618569064,\n 45.74427522683703\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b7be4b0c8380cd7470a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergstrom, Stig M.","contributorId":80832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstrom","given":"Stig M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huff, W.D.","contributorId":48327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolata, Dennis R.","contributorId":79495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolata","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melchin, Michael J.","contributorId":86125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melchin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019218,"text":"70019218 - 1997 - Testing prediction methods: Earthquake clustering versus the Poisson model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-10T14:42:09.850833","indexId":"70019218","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing prediction methods: Earthquake clustering versus the Poisson model","docAbstract":"

Testing earthquake prediction methods requires statistical techniques that compare observed success to random chance. One technique is to produce simulated earthquake catalogs and measure the relative success of predicting real and simulated earthquakes. The accuracy of these tests depends on the validity of the statistical model used to simulate the earthquakes. This study tests the effect of clustering in the statistical earthquake model on the results. Three simulation models were used to produce significance levels for a VLF earthquake prediction method. As the degree of simulated clustering increases, the statistical significance drops. Hence, the use of a seismicity model with insufficient clustering can lead to overly optimistic results. A successful method must pass the statistical tests with a model that fully replicates the observed clustering. However, a method can be rejected based on tests with a model that contains insufficient clustering.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97GL01928","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Michael, A., 1997, Testing prediction methods: Earthquake clustering versus the Poisson model: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 24, no. 15, p. 1891-1894, https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL01928.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1891","endPage":"1894","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5cce4b08c986b320cae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019173,"text":"70019173 - 1997 - Ecosystem development on terraces along the Kugururok River, northwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T12:39:31","indexId":"70019173","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1474,"text":"Écoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem development on terraces along the Kugururok River, northwest Alaska","docAbstract":"Riverside terraces along the Kugururok River in the Noatak National Preserve provided an opportunity to study primary succession, considering general trends that apply across all terraces, and unique events that influence individual terraces. The 30-year-old willow/poplar (Salix spp., Populus balsamifera L.) terrace had no trees taller than 1.5 m; the abundant spruce trees were not tall enough to emerge from the canopy height of the willows and poplars, and moose (Alces alces [Clinton]) browsing limited the canopy height of these plants. The 75-year-old poplar/spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) terrace had a high density of poplars (> 1000/ha) and low density of spruce (125/ha); heavy browsing by moose reduced the density of poplar by about one-half. The removal of the poplar by moose in this stand resulted in sustained increases in growth of individual spruce trees. The 100-year-old younger spruce/poplar terrace had about twice as many spruce trees (1250/ha) as poplar trees (500/ha), and the spruce trees were larger on average than the poplar trees. In the 220+ year-old older spruce/poplar type, only a few poplars remained (about 25/ha), and the number of spruce trees (600/ha) was only half that of the younger stage, either from lower initial spruce density on this terrace, or increased mortality of spruce. The 240+ year-old spruce type was a second-generation forest, characterized by a high density (1950/ha) of small spruce trees, some of which were tilted, indicating discontinuous permafrost. Plant litterfall mass showed no strong trend with terrace age, although N content of litterfall appeared to decline by about 1/3 in the spruce-dominated stages. Fungal biomass increased with ecosystem age, whereas bacterial biomass and microfauna declined. We found no evidence of declining soil N supply in older stages, but fertilization experiments would be needed to determine if N limitation of productivity changed with ecosystem development. We conclude that the general successional trend of increased spruce dominance is robust for this location, but that unique events play important roles in determining tree densities and the timing of the shift in dominance from poplar to spruce. The arrival of moose in the 1970s accelerated dominance by spruce on young terraces.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/11956860.1997.11682410","issn":"11956860","usgsCitation":"Binkley, D., Suarez, F., Stottlemyer, R., and Caldwell, B., 1997, Ecosystem development on terraces along the Kugururok River, northwest Alaska: Écoscience, v. 4, no. 3, p. 311-318, https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.1997.11682410.","startPage":"311","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a059ce4b0c8380cd50e87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Binkley, Dan","contributorId":102419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binkley","given":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suarez, F.","contributorId":44676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldwell, B.","contributorId":40741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019154,"text":"70019154 - 1997 - Iron and manganese oxide mineralization in the Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T10:04:38","indexId":"70019154","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"seriesNumber":"119","title":"Iron and manganese oxide mineralization in the Pacific","docAbstract":"

Iron, manganese, and iron-manganese deposits occur in nearly all geomorphologic and tectonic environments in the ocean basins and form by one or more of four processes: (1) hydrogenetic precipitation from cold ambient seawater, (2) precipitation from hydrothermal fluids, (3) precipitation from sediment pore waters that have been modified from bottom water compositions by diagenetic reactions in the sediment column and (4) replacement of rocks and sediment. Iron and manganese deposits occur in five forms: nodules, crusts, cements, mounds and sediment-hosted stratabound layers. Seafloor oxides show a wide range of compositions from nearly pure iron to nearly pure manganese end members. Fe/Mn ratios vary from about 24 000 (up to 58% elemental Fe) for hydrothermal seamount ironstones to about 0.001 (up to 52% Mn) for hydrothermal stratabound manganese oxides from active volcanic arcs. Hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts that occur on most seamounts in the ocean basins have a mean Fe/Mn ratio of 0.7 for open-ocean seamount crusts and 1.2 for continental margin seamount crusts. Fe-Mn nodules of potential economic interest from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone have a mean Fe/Mn ratio of 0.3, whereas the mean ratio for nodules from elsewhere in the Pacific is about 0.7. Crusts are enriched in Co, Ni and Pt and nodules in Cu and Ni, and both have significant concentrations of Pb, Zn, Ba, Mo, V and other elements. In contrast, hydrothermal deposits commonly contain only minor trace metal contents, although there are many exceptions, for example, with Ni contents up to 0.66%, Cr to 1.2%, and Zn to 1.4%. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns generally show a positive Ce anomaly and abundant ΣREEs for hydrogenetic and mixed hydrogenetic-diagenetic deposits, whereas the Ce anomaly is negative for hydrothermal deposits and ΣREE contents are low. However, the Ce anomaly in crusts may vary from strongly positive in East Pacific crusts to slightly negative in West Pacific crusts, which may reflect the redox conditions of seawater. The concentration of elements in hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts depends on a wide variety of water column and crust surface characteristics, whereas concentration of elements in hydrothermal oxide deposits depends of the intensity of leaching, rock types leached, and precipitation of sulphides at depth in the hydrothermal system.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.09","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Hein, J., Koschinsky, A., Halbach, P., Manheim, F., Bau, M., Kang, J., and Lubick, N., 1997, Iron and manganese oxide mineralization in the Pacific: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 119, p. 123-138, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.09.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","volume":"119","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ee2e4b0c8380cd640f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koschinsky, A.","contributorId":42724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschinsky","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halbach, P.","contributorId":101396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halbach","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bau, M.","contributorId":34665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bau","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kang, J.-K.","contributorId":87705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kang","given":"J.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lubick, N.","contributorId":13758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubick","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70019099,"text":"70019099 - 1997 - Tungstorhenate heteropolyanions. 2. Synthesis and characterization of enneatungstorhenates(V), -(VI), and -(VII)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T12:22:39.441279","indexId":"70019099","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2000,"text":"Inorganic Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tungstorhenate heteropolyanions. 2. Synthesis and characterization of enneatungstorhenates(V), -(VI), and -(VII)","docAbstract":"

The tungstorhenate(V) heteropolyanion [W9ReO32]5- has been isolated as guanidinium and cesium salts from reaction of [ReO2(PPh3)(py)3]+ with sodium tungstate. Crystallographic analysis of black Cs5[W9ReO32]·3H2O [triclinic, P1 or P1̄; a = 10.194(1), b = 11.503(2), c = 9.682(1) Å; α = 100.55(1), β = 115.81(1), γ = 99.13(1)°; Z = 1], based on 3743 reflections, shows the anion to be isostructural with decatungstate, [W10O32]4-. Refinement in P1̄ led to reliability indices R = 0.084, Rw = 0.046. Electrochemical investigation revealed the existence of ReVI and ReVII analogues, which were hydrolytically unstable in aqueous solution but which were isolated as crystalline tetra-n-butylammonium and tetra-n-heptylammonium salts, respectively, from nonaqueous solvents. The tetra-n-butylammonium salts of [W9ReVIO32]4- and [W10O32]4- were shown to be isomorphous by X-ray powder diffraction. Simulation of the Q-band ESR spectrum of [W9ReVIO32]4- (polycrystalline solid solution in [W10O32]4-) gave gx = 1.69(1), gy = 1.66(1), gz = 1.730(2) and 104Ax(185,187Re, I = 5/2) = (−)252(10), 104Ay = (−)398(10), 104Az = (−)653(5) cm-1. The orthorhombic ESR spectrum proves that the Re atom occupies one of the eight equivalent “equatorial” sites in the decatungstate structure.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ic961142q","issn":"00201669","usgsCitation":"Ortega, F., Pope, M., and Evans, H., 1997, Tungstorhenate heteropolyanions. 2. Synthesis and characterization of enneatungstorhenates(V), -(VI), and -(VII): Inorganic Chemistry, v. 36, no. 10, p. 2166-2169, https://doi.org/10.1021/ic961142q.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2166","endPage":"2169","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226456,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8e9e4b08c986b327b14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortega, F.","contributorId":78885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortega","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, M.T.","contributorId":78485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, H. T.","contributorId":82070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1002530,"text":"1002530 - 1997 - Reforestation of bottomland hardwoods and the issue of woody species diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:48","indexId":"1002530","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reforestation of bottomland hardwoods and the issue of woody species diversity","docAbstract":"Bottomland hardwood forests in the southcentral United States have been cleared extensively for agriculture, and many of the remaining forests are fragmented and degraded. During the last decade, however, approximately 75,000 ha of land-mainly agricultural fields-have been replanted or contracted for replanting, with many more acres likely to be reforested in the near future. The approach used in most reforestation projects to date has been to plant one to three overstory tree species, usually Quercus spp. (oaks), and to rely on natural dispersal for the establishment of other woody species. I critique this practice by two means. First, a brief literature review demonstrates that moderately high woody species diversity occurs in natural bottomland hardwood forests in the region. This review, which relates diversity to site characteristics, serves as a basis for comparison with stands established by means of current reforestation practices. Second, I reevaluate data on the invasion of woody species from an earlier study of 10 reforestation projects in Mississippi,with the goal of assessing the likelihood that stands with high woody species diversity will develop. I show that natural invasion cannot always be counted on to produce a diverse stand, particularly on sites more than about 60 m from an existing forest edge. I then make several recommendations for altering current reforestation pactices in order to establish stands with greater woody species diversity, a more natural appearance,and a more positive environmental impact at scales larger than individual sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09715.x","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.A., 1997, Reforestation of bottomland hardwoods and the issue of woody species diversity: Restoration Ecology, v. 5, no. 2, p. 125-134, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09715.x.","startPage":"125","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15629,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09715.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6850.000000000000000"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63514b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. A.","contributorId":82644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019873,"text":"70019873 - 1997 - Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T01:23:46.546109","indexId":"70019873","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering","docAbstract":"

10 M ≥ 6.7 earthquakes ruptured 1000 km of the North Anatolian fault (Turkey) during 1939–1992, providing an unsurpassed opportunity to study how one large shock sets up the next. We use the mapped surface slip and fault geometry to infer the transfer of stress throughout the sequence. Calculations of the change in Coulomb failure stress reveal that nine out of 10 ruptures were brought closer to failure by the preceding shocks, typically by 1–10 bar, equivalent to 3–30 years of secular stressing. We translate the calculated stress changes into earthquake probability gains using an earthquake-nucleation constitutive relation, which includes both permanent and transient effects of the sudden stress changes. The transient effects of the stress changes dominate during the mean 10 yr period between triggering and subsequent rupturing shocks in the Anatolia sequence. The stress changes result in an average three-fold gain in the net earthquake probability during the decade after each event. Stress is calculated to be high today at several isolated sites along the fault. During the next 30 years, we estimate a 15 per cent probability of a M ≥ 6.7 earthquake east of the major eastern centre of Ercinzan, and a 12 per cent probability for a large event south of the major western port city of Izmit. Such stress-based probability calculations may thus be useful to assess and update earthquake hazards elsewhere.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb05321.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Stein, R., Barka, A., and Dieterich, J.H., 1997, Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering: Geophysical Journal International, v. 128, no. 3, p. 594-604, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb05321.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"594","endPage":"604","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ee5e4b0c8380cd7f464","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barka, A.A.","contributorId":46706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barka","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019262,"text":"70019262 - 1997 - Isotopic and trace element compositions of upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths, Cima volcanic field, California: Implications for evolution of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019262","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic and trace element compositions of upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths, Cima volcanic field, California: Implications for evolution of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle","docAbstract":"Ultramafic and mafic xenoliths from the Cima volcanic field, southern California, provide evidence of episodic modification of the upper mantle and underplating of the crust beneath a portion of the southern Basin and Range province. The upper mantle xenoliths include spinel peridotite and anhydrous and hydrous pyroxenite, some cut by igneous-textured pyroxenite-gabbro veins and dikes and some by veins of amphibole ?? plagioclase. Igneous-textured pyroxenites and gabbros like the dike rocks also occur abundantly as isolated xenoliths inferred to represent underplated crust. Mineral and whole rock trace element compositions among and within the different groups of xenoliths are highly variable, reflecting multiple processes that include magma-mantle wall rock reactions, episodic intrusion and it filtration of basaltic melts of varied sources into the mantle wall rock, and fractionation. Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions mostly of clinopyroxene and plagioclase mineral separates show distinct differences between mantle xenoliths (??Nd = -5.7 to +3.4; 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7051 - 0.7073; 206Pb/204Pb = 19.045 - 19.195) and the igneous-textured xenoliths (??Nd = +7.7 to +11.7; 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7027 - 0.7036 with one carbonate-affected outlier at 0.7054; and 206Pb/204Pb = 18.751 - 19.068), so that they cannot be related. The igneous-textured pyroxenites and gabbros are similar in their isotopic compositions to the host basaltic rocks, which have ??Nd of+5.1 to +9.3; 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7028 - 0.7050, and 206Pb/204Pb of 18.685 - 21.050. The igneous-textured pyroxenites and gabbros are therefore inferred to be related to the host rocks as earlier cogenetic intrusions in the mantle and in the lower crust. Two samples of peridotite, one modally metasomatized by amphibole and the other by plagioclase, have isotopic compositions intermediate between the igneous-textured xenoliths and the mantle rock, suggesting mixing, but also derivation of the metasomatizing magmas from two separate and distinct sources. Sm-Nd two-mineral \"isochrons\" yield apparent ages for petrographically identical rocks believed to be coeval ranging from -0 to 113 ?? 26 Ma, indicating the unreliability of dating these rocks with this method. Amphibole and plagioclase megacrysts are isotopically like the host basalts and probably originate by mechanical breakup of veins comagmatic with the host basaltic rocks. Unlike other Basin and Range localities, Cima Cr-diopside group isotopic compositions do not overlap with those of the host basalts. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mukasa, S., and Wilshire, H.G., 1997, Isotopic and trace element compositions of upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths, Cima volcanic field, California: Implications for evolution of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20133-20148.","startPage":"20133","endPage":"20148","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f98e4b0c8380cd64640","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mukasa, S.B.","contributorId":89568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukasa","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilshire, H. G.","contributorId":36125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilshire","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":67563,"text":"i2585 - 1997 - Digital shaded-relief image of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-25T09:01:48","indexId":"i2585","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2585","title":"Digital shaded-relief image of Alaska","docAbstract":"

One of the most spectacular physiographic images of the conterminous United States, and the first to have been produced digitally, is that by Thelin and Pike (USGS I-2206, 1991). The image is remarkable for its crispness of detail and for the natural appearance of the artificial land surface. Our goal has been to produce a shaded-relief image of Alaska that has the same look and feel as the Thelin and Pike image. The Alaskan image could have been produced at the same scale as its lower 48 counterpart (1:3,500,000). But by insetting the Aleutian Islands into the Gulf of Alaska, we were able to print the Alaska map at a larger scale (1:2,500,000) and about the same physical size as the Thelin and Pike image. Benefits of the 1:2,500,000 scale are (1) greater resolution of topographic features and (2) ease of reference to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (1987) Alaska Map E and the statewide geologic map (Beikman, 1980), which are both 1:2,500,000 scale.

Manually drawn, shaded-relief images of Alaska's land surface have long been available (for example, Department of the Interior, 1909; Raisz, 1948). The topography depicted on these early maps is mainly schematic. Maps showing topographic contours were first available for the entire State in 1953 (USGS, 1:250,000) (J.H. Wittmann, USGS, written commun., 1996). The Alaska Map E was initially released in 1954 in both planimetric (revised in 1973 and 1987) and shaded-relief versions (revised in 1973, 1987, and 1996); topography depicted on the shaded-relief version is based on the 1:250,000-scale USGS topographic maps. Alaska Map E was later modified to include hypsometric tinting by Raven Maps and Images (1989, revised 1993) as copyrighted versions. Other shaded-relief images were produced for The National Geographic Magazine (LaGorce, 1956; 1:3,000,000) or drawn by Harrison (1970; 1:7,500,000) for The National Atlas of the United States. Recently, the State of Alaska digitally produced a shaded-relief image of Alaska at 1:2,500,000 scale (Alaska Department of Natural Resources, 1994), using the 1,000-m digital elevation data set referred to below.

An important difference between our image and these previous ones is the method of reproduction: like the Thelin and Pike (1991) image, our image is a composite of halftone images that yields sharp resolution and preserves contrast. Indeed, the first impression of many viewers is that the Alaskan image and the Thelin and Pike image are composites of satellite-generated photographs rather than an artificial rendering of a digital elevation model.

A shaded-relief image represents landforms in a natural fashion; that is, a viewer perceives the image as a rendering of reality. Thus a shaded-relief image is intrinsically appealing, especially in areas of spectacular relief. In addition, even subtle physiographic features that reflect geologic structures or the type of bedrock are visible. To our knowledge, some of these Alaskan features have not been depicted before and so the image should provide earth scientists with a new \"look\" at fundamental geologic features of Alaska.

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J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Till, A.B.","contributorId":37755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":49900,"text":"ofr97211 - 1997 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 2 (STAMVT01000002) on State Route 100 crossing Roaring Brook, Stamford, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-20T11:39:58","indexId":"ofr97211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-211","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 2 (STAMVT01000002) on State Route 100 crossing Roaring Brook, Stamford, Vermont","docAbstract":"This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure \nSTAMVT01000002 on State Route 100 crossing Roaring Brook, Stamford, Vermont \n(figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a \nquantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, \n1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this \nreport. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the \nstudy site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation \n(VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is \nfound in Appendix D.\nThe site is in the Green Mountain section of the New England physiographic province in \nSouthwestern Vermont. The 8.26-mi2\n drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested \nbasin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover consists of houses with grass lawns, \nand trees on the right overbank areas upstream and downstream of the bridge. The left \noverbank areas upstream and downstream of the bridge are covered with trees and brush.\nIn the study area, Roaring Brook has a straight channel with a slope of approximately 0.02 \nft/ft, an average channel top width of 56 ft and an average bank height of 5 ft. The channel \nbed materials range from gravel to boulders with a median grain size (D50) of 53.7 mm \n(0.176 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on \nJuly 31, 1996, indicated that the reach was aggraded.\nThe State Route 100 crossing of Roaring Brook is a 44-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting \nof one 42-foot steel-beam span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written \ncommunication, September 28, 1995). The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete \nabutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 5 degrees to the opening \nand the opening-skew-to-roadway is 5 degrees. \nScour protection measures at the site were type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) on \nthe upstream banks and wingwalls, type-3 (less than 48 inches diameter) on the downstream \nwingwalls, and artificial levees made from a variety of materials on the downstream banks. \nAdditional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary \nand Appendices D and E.\nScour depths and rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described \nin Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995). Total scour at a \nhighway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; \n2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) \nand; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is \nthe sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction \nand local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows.\nContraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.0 to 0.8 feet. The worst-case \ncontraction scour occurred at the 100-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 4.2 to \n9.3 feet. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge at the left \nabutment. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in \nthe section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated \nscour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the \nbridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of \nerosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. \nIt is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively \nconservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, \ncomputed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but \nnot limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability \nassessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. \nTherefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values \ndocumented herein.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Pembroke, NH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97211","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Vermont Agency of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Boehmler, E.M., and Hammond, R.E., 1997, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 2 (STAMVT01000002) on State Route 100 crossing Roaring Brook, Stamford, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-211, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97211.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr97211.PNG"},{"id":279803,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0211/report.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Stamford","otherGeospatial":"Roaring Brook","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.75,43.5 ], [ -72.75,43.625 ], [ -72.625,43.625 ], [ -72.625,43.5 ], [ -72.75,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a817f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boehmler, Erick M.","contributorId":96303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehmler","given":"Erick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammond, Robert E.","contributorId":61862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162691,"text":"70162691 - 1996 - Mapping the neutralizing epitopes on the glycoprotein of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, a fish rhabdovirus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T09:13:51","indexId":"70162691","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2301,"text":"Journal of General Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Mapping the neutralizing epitopes on the glycoprotein of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, a fish rhabdovirus","docAbstract":"

Twelve neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the fish rhabdovirus, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), were used to select 20 MAb escape mutants. The nucleotide sequence of the entire glycoprotein (G) gene was determined for six mutants representing differing cross-neutralization patterns and each had a single nucleotide change leading to a single amino acid substitution within one of three regions of the protein. These data were used to design nested PCR primers to amplify portions of the G gene of the 14 remaining mutants. When the PCR products from these mutants were sequenced, they also had single nucleotide substitutions coding for amino acid substitutions at the same, or nearby, locations. Of the 20 mutants for which all or part of the glycoprotein gene was sequenced, two MAbs selected mutants with substitutions at amino acids 230-231 (antigenic site I) and the remaining MAbs selected mutants with substitutions at amino acids 272-276 (antigenic site II). Two MAbs that selected mutants mapping to amino acids 272-276, selected other mutants that mapped to amino acids 78-81, raising the possibility that this portion of the N terminus of the protein was part of a discontinuous epitope defining antigenic site II. CLUSTAL alignment of the glycoproteins of rabies virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and IHNV revealed similarities in the location of the neutralizing epitopes and a high degree of conservation among cysteine residues, indicating that the glycoproteins of three different genera of animal rhabdoviruses may share a similar three-dimensional structure in spite of extensive sequence divergence.

","language":"English","publisher":"Microbiology Society","doi":"10.1099/0022-1317-77-12-3033","usgsCitation":"Huang, C., Chien, M., Landolt, M., Batts, W., and Winton, J., 1996, Mapping the neutralizing epitopes on the glycoprotein of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, a fish rhabdovirus: Journal of General Virology, v. 77, p. 3033-3040, https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-77-12-3033.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3033","endPage":"3040","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-77-12-3033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":315020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b3fe4b0403299f5397c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, C.","contributorId":65255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chien, M.S.","contributorId":152499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chien","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landolt, M.L.","contributorId":73148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landolt","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Batts, W.","contributorId":76533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, J.","contributorId":55627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}