{"pageNumber":"327","pageRowStart":"8150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":47476,"text":"b1875A - 1989 - North American Datum of 1983, map data conversion tables; United States east of 96 degrees West longitude, Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:24","indexId":"b1875A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1875","chapter":"A","title":"North American Datum of 1983, map data conversion tables; United States east of 96 degrees West longitude, Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b1875A","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989, North American Datum of 1983, map data conversion tables; United States east of 96 degrees West longitude, Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1875, p. A1-A351, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1875A.","productDescription":"p. A1-A351","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1875a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84415,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1875a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696db4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27194,"text":"wri894018 - 1989 - Water resources of the upper Big Wood River basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T14:43:14","indexId":"wri894018","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4018","title":"Water resources of the upper Big Wood River basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"Mean annual water yields, estimated using a water-budget method, for the upper Big Wood River basin above Glendale Road and for Trail Creek, Warm Springs Creek, and East Fork Big Wood River, Idaho were 410,000, 50,000, 60,000 and 50,000 acre-ft, respectively. Yields also were estimated for 1986 and 1987 water years when data were collected for comparison with long-term average values. During 1986, yields estimated for upper Big Wood River basin, Trail Creek, Warm Springs Creek, and East Fork Big Wood were 580,000, 61,000, 83,000 and 60,000 acre-ft, respectively. During 1987, yields estimated for the respective basins were 230,000, 26,000, 32,000 and 28,000 acre-ft. Availability of surface and groundwater varies seasonally; the greatest quantity is available during spring snowmelt, and the least is available during mid-winter to late winter. Nutrient concentrations in sampled ground and surface water were near or below detection levels throughout the basin, which indicates that water quality has not been impaired by increased development. Fluoride concentrations were elevated in Warm Springs Creek, probably due to inflow of thermal water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Sun Valley Water and Sewer District","usgsCitation":"Frenzel, S., 1989, Water resources of the upper Big Wood River basin, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4018, iii, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894018.","productDescription":"iii, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"52","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4018/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56068,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4018/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Big Wood River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,43.391667 ], [ -114.5,43.85 ], [ -114.116667,43.85 ], [ -114.116667,43.391667 ], [ -114.5,43.391667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frenzel, S.A.","contributorId":9246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenzel","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27171,"text":"wri894017 - 1989 - Geohydrology of the Foothill ground-water basin near Santa Barbara, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri894017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4017","title":"Geohydrology of the Foothill ground-water basin near Santa Barbara, California","docAbstract":"Geohydrologic data presented in this report indicate that the East Subbasin of the Goleta groundwater basin and Storage Unit II of the Santa Barbara groundwater basin should be considered as a separate groundwater basin, which is referred to as the Foothill groundwater basin in this report. The 4.5 sq-mi Foothill groundwater basin is bordered on the north and northeast by the Santa Ynez Mountains and on three sides by faults that impede groundwater flow. Sedimentary rocks of Tertiary age underlie the groundwater basin and form its lower boundary. Unconsolidated deposits of the Santa Barbara Formation (Pliocene and Pleistocene age) form the principal aquifer of the basin. Where a zone of low permeability separates it from overlying Quaternary alluvium, the aquifer is confined. In the early 1950's, groundwater levels declined more than 60 ft during periods of heavy pumping. From the mid-1950 's to the late 1970 's, groundwater levels generally rose. Water levels during 1984-87 generally declined. Nitrate concentrations in samples from two wells exceeded the primary maximum contaminant level established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Secondary maximum contaminant levels for dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate also were exceeded in some samples. A three-dimensional finite-difference model was developed for part of Foothill groundwater basin. Steady-state verification and transient-state model calibrations were used to estimate or confirm estimates of basin recharge and natural discharge. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894017","usgsCitation":"Freckleton, J.R., 1989, Geohydrology of the Foothill ground-water basin near Santa Barbara, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4017, v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894017.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4017/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56045,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a898a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freckleton, J. R.","contributorId":93498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freckleton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12080,"text":"ofr88715 - 1989 - Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12080,"text":"ofr88715 - 1989 - Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","indexId":"ofr88715","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":31066,"text":"wsp2370B - 1991 - Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","indexId":"wsp2370B","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":31066,"text":"wsp2370B - 1991 - Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","indexId":"wsp2370B","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T01:59:16.611946","indexId":"ofr88715","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-715","title":"Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","docAbstract":"

Owens Valley, a long, narrow valley located along the east flank of the Sierra Nevada in east-central California, is the main source of water for the city of Los Angeles. The city diverts most of the surface water in the valley into the Owens River-Los Angeles Aqueduct system, which transports the water more than 200 miles south to areas of distribution and use. Additionally, ground water is pumped or flows from wells to supplement the surface-water diversions to the river-aqueduct system. Pumpage from wells needed to supplement water export has increased since 1970, when a second aqueduct was put into service, and local concerns have been expressed that the increased pumpage may have had a detrimental effect on the environment and the indigenous alkaline scrub and meadow plant communities in the valley. The scrub and meadow communities depend on soil moisture derived from precipitation and the unconfined part of a multilayered aquifer system. This report, which describes the hydrogeology of the aquifer system and the water resources of the valley, is one in a series designed to (1) evaluate the effects that ground-water pumping has on scrub and meadow communities and (2) appraise alternative strategies to mitigate any adverse effects caused by pumping.

Two principal topographic features are the surface expression of the geologic framework--the high, prominent mountains on the east and west sides of the valley and the long, narrow intermountain valley floor. The mountains are composed of sedimentary, granitic, and metamorphic rocks, mantled in part by volcanic rocks as well as by glacial, talus, and fluvial deposits. The valley floor is underlain by valley fill that consists of unconsolidated to moderately consolidated alluvial fan, glacial and talus, and fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The valley fill also includes interlayered recent volcanic flows and pyroclastic rocks. The bedrock surface beneath the valley fill is a narrow, steep-sided graben that is structurally separated into the Bishop Basin to the north and the Owens Lake Basin to the south. These two structural basins are separated by (1) a bedrock high that is the upper bedrock block of an east-west normal fault, (2) a horst block of bedrock (the Poverty Hills), and (3) Quaternary basalt flows and cinder cones that intercalate and intrude the sedimentary deposits of the valley fill. The resulting structural separation of the basins allowed separate development of fluvial and lacustrine depositional systems in each basin.

Nearly all the ground water in Owens Valley flows through and is stored in the saturated valley fill. The bedrock, which surrounds and underlies the valley fill, is virtually impermeable. Three hydrogeologic units compose the valley-fill aquifer system, a defined subdivision of the ground-water system, and a fourth represents the valley fill below the aquifer system and above the bedrock. The aquifer system is divided into horizontal hydrogeologic units on the basis of either (1) uniform hydrologic characteristics of a specific lithologic layer or (2) distribution of the vertical hydraulic head. Hydrogeologic unit 1 is the upper unit and represents the unconfined part of the system, hydrogeologic unit 2 represents the confining unit (or units), and hydrogeologic unit 3 represents the confined part of the aquifer system. Hydrogeologic unit 4 represents the deep part of the ground-water system and lies below the aquifer system. Hydrogeologic unit 4 transmits or stores much less water than hydrogeologic unit 3 and represents either a moderately consolidated valley fill or a geologic unit in the valley fill defined on the basis of geophysical data.

Nearly all the recharge to the aquifer system is from infiltration of runoff from snowmelt and rainfall on the Sierra Nevada. In contrast, little recharge occurs to the system by runoff from the White and Inyo Mountains or from direct precipitation on the valley floor. Ground water flows from the margins of the valley towards the center of the valley; the ground water then flows south to the terminus of the system at Owens (dry) Lake. Ground water flows south from Bishop Basin to Owens Lake Basin through the narrows that constrict the flow opposite Poverty Hills. The aquifer system in the northern half of Owens Lake Basin is divided into east and west halves by the barrier effect caused by the Owens Valley fault. Discharge from the aquifer system is primarily by pumpage and evapotranspiration, and to a lesser extent by flowing wells, springs, underflow, and leakage to the Owens River-Los Angeles aqueduct system. Withdrawals from pumped or flowing wells is the largest component of discharge and accounts for about 50 percent of the outflow from the system. Transpiration by scrub and meadow plant communities, and to a lesser extent by irrigated alfalfa pasture, accounts for about 40 percent of the system's discharge.

Natural hydraulic conductivity ranges from less than 400 to about 12,000 feet per day in the basalt flows, the more permeable material in the aquifer system. Where the basalts are fractured by explosives and drilling techniques, actual transmissivities can be greater than 1,000,000 feet squared per day. Hydraulic conductivities in sedimentary deposits of the aquifer system range from less than a few feet per day in lacustrine clays to more than 300 feet per day in gravel stringers and beach deposits in the transition zone between alluvial fan deposits and fluvial and lacustrine deposits.

Degree of confinement in the aquifer system generally increases to the south and east in both the Bishop and Owens Lake Basins. The vertical hydraulic gradient across hydrogeologic unit 2 and confining beds in hydrogeologic units 1 and 3 is a function of (1) the asymmetric recharge and hydraulic head created by the dominant recharge from Sierra Nevada runoff and (2) the areal extent and thickness of the confining beds. Although most of the pumpage is from hydrogeologic unit 3, some coincident drawdown has been recorded in nonpumped wells that tap unit 1. Drawdown in hydrogeologic unit 1 is a function of changes in (1) lateral flow through hydrogeologic unit 1, (2) upward flow of ground water through the confining beds, (3) downward leakage of water from hydrogeologic unit 1 to unit 3 through wells, (4) direct withdrawal from well intervals open to hydrogeologic unit 1, and (5) increased evapotranspiration.

The water in the aquifer system is generally of excellent quality for public supply and irrigation, with the exception of water stored in thick sequences of lacustrine silts and clays near Owens Lake. The water is principally a calcium bicarbonate type and dissolved-solids concentrations range from approximately 104 to 325 milligrams per liter. Water in the lacustrine sediments of Owens (dry) Lake is a sodium bicarbonate type and dissolved-solids concentrations are about 5,400 milligrams per liter.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr88715","usgsCitation":"Hollett, K.J., Danskin, W., McCaffrey, W.F., and Walti, C., 1989, Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-715, Report: viii, 118 p.; 2 Plates 35.70 x 35.41 inches and 35.41 x 28.51 inches; 3 Figures: 16.01 x 11.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88715.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 118 p.; 2 Plates 35.70 x 35.41 inches and 35.41 x 28.51 inches; 3 Figures: 16.01 x 11.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384038,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/Figure-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384037,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/Figure-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384036,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/Figure-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384035,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/Plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384034,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/Plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384033,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0715/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.90478515625,\n 36.2354121683998\n ],\n [\n -117.5537109375,\n 36.2354121683998\n ],\n [\n -117.5537109375,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -119.90478515625,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -119.90478515625,\n 36.2354121683998\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db68414d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollett, Kenneth J.","contributorId":40580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollett","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danskin, W.R. 0000-0001-8672-5501","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5501","contributorId":22713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danskin","given":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCaffrey, W. F.","contributorId":18001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffrey","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walti, C.L.","contributorId":80685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walti","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":35226,"text":"b1847 - 1989 - Potential hazards from future volcanic eruptions in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-09T20:14:55.560552","indexId":"b1847","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1847","title":"Potential hazards from future volcanic eruptions in California","docAbstract":"More than 500 volcanic vents have been identified in the State of California. At least 76 of these vents have erupted, some repeatedly, during the last 10,000 years. Past volcanic activity has ranged in scale and type from small rhyolitic and basaltic eruptions through large catastrophic rhyolitic eruptions. Sooner or later, volcanoes in California will erupt again, and they could have serious impacts on the health and safety of the State\\'s citizens as well as on its economy. This report describes the nature and probable distribution of potentially hazardous volcanic phenomena and their threat to people and property. It includes hazard-zonation maps that show areas relatively likely to be affected by future eruptions in California. The potentially more hazardous eruptions in the State are those that involve explosive eruption of large volumes of silicic magma. Such eruptions could occur at vents in as many as four areas in California. They could eject pumice high into the atmosphere above the volcano, produce destructive blasts, avalanches, or pyroclastic flows that reach distances of tens of kilometers from a vent, and produce mudflows and floods that reach to distances of hundreds of kilometers. Smaller eruptions produce similar, but less severe and less extensive, phenomena. Hazards are greatest close to a volcanic vent; the slopes on or near a volcano, and valleys leading away from it, are affected most often and most severely by such eruptions. In general, risk from volcanic phenomena decreases with increasing distance from a vent and, for most flowage processes, with increasing height above valley floors or fan surfaces. Tephra (ash) from explosive eruptions can affect wide areas downwind from a vent. In California, prevailing winds cause the 180-degree sector east of the volcano to be affected most often and most severely. Risk to life from ashfall decreases rapidly with increasing distance from a vent, but thin deposits of ash could disrupt communication, transportation, and utility systems at great distances, and over wide regions, in eastern California and adjacent states. Volcanic eruptions are certain to occur in California in the future and an be neither prevented nor stopped, but actions can be taken to limit damage from them. Reduction of risk to life and property can be effected by avoiding threatened areas and by taking protective measures to reduce the effects when and where vulnerable areas cannot be avoided. Monitoring of volcanic precursors generally can identify the locality of impending volcanic activity, even though it often does not pinpoint the nature or timing of an eruption, or even its certainty. Hazard-zonation maps can then be used to guide decisions regarding evacuation and other response activities. Thus, effective monitoring of volcanoes in the State, combined with preparation of contingency plans to deal with future eruptions, can help reduce risk to lives and property.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/b1847","usgsCitation":"Miller, C.D., 1989, Potential hazards from future volcanic eruptions in California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1847, Report: v, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 38.63 x 48.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1847.","productDescription":"Report: v, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 38.63 x 48.13 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":485687,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23501.htm","text":"Long Valley area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":485686,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23500.htm","text":"Owens River - Ubehebe Crater 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a47b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, C. 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No abstract available.

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Eastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-02T21:23:56.980559","indexId":"wdrOR881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OR-88-1","title":"Water resources data for Oregon, water year 1988, Volume 1. Eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

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L.E.","contributorId":104945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffatt, R. L.","contributorId":79889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffatt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herrett, T.A.","contributorId":102944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrett","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraus, R.L.","contributorId":108182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruppert, G.P.","contributorId":67111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":38427,"text":"pp1442 - 1989 - Tectonically controlled fan delta and submarine fan sedimentation of late Miocene age, southern Temblor Range, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T15:06:07","indexId":"pp1442","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1442","title":"Tectonically controlled fan delta and submarine fan sedimentation of late Miocene age, southern Temblor Range, California","docAbstract":"

The Santa Margarita Formation in the southern Temblor Range, composed of conglomerate and subordinate sandstone, evolved as a large complex of fan deltas and submarine fans in late Miocene time. An 80 to 90-m.y.-old granitic basement of the Salinian block and an accompanying 23.5-m.y.-old volcanic field now located in the northern Gabilan Range and the Pinnacles area, respectively, were the primary source terranes. In general, the fan deltas crop out along the west side of the southern Temblor Range, whereas the proximal parts of the submarine fans crop out along the east side of the range. The fan deltas consist of subaerial topset beds and low-angle basinward-dipping subaqueous foreset beds. Strata interpreted to be topset beds are composed largely of conglomerate with thick to very thick horizontal beds and matrix-supported clasts. Most of the thick to very thick conglomerate beds are internally massive and disorganized. Strata interpreted as foreset beds are composed of thick-bedded, large-scale, low-angle, cross-stratified conglomerate and sandstone units which commonly are internally massive. Abundant molluskan macrofossils such as Ostrea and Pecten are present in the subaqueous foreset beds; many have been displaced downslope from their original site of deposition. Conglomerate- and sandstone-filled submarine canyons, through which coarse-grained detritus was transported to the adjacent submarine fans, locally have cut into the foreset beds of the fan deltas. These submarine canyon deposits are generally better stratified than adjacent foreset-bed deposits, and they consist of thick horizontal beds, internally massive or normally graded, arranged in fining- and thinning-upward sequences. Isolated and composite conglomerate- and sandstone-filled channels, which crop out on the east flank of the southern Temblor Range, are interpreted as proximal submarine-fan channel deposits. These channel-form conglomerate and sandstone deposits are characterized by thick, horizontal beds which are internally massive or normally graded containing division Ta, and locally Tb, of the Bouma sequence. Sparse calcareous foraminifers collected from diatomaceous interbeds suggest that these fan channels were deposited in upper bathyal water depths. Subaerial and regenerated subaqueous debris flows probably formed the bulk of the Santa Margarita fan delta and submarine fan system. Santa Margarita debris flows ranged from the mudflow variety to the cataclysmic debris-avalanche variety.

The cogenetic Republic and Williams sandstones of local usage, located on the east side of the southern Temblor Range, are slightly older and finer grained than the Santa Margarita Formation. These units, containing well-graded sandstones, fining- and thinning-upward and coarsening- and thickening-upward sandstone sequences, thick-bedded tabular and channel-shaped sandstones, a mixture of shallow- and deep-water foraminifers, and a fan-shaped geometry in the subsurface, are interpreted as submarine fan deposits.

Sedimentation associated with the Santa Margarita Formation was intimately related to the growing southern Temblor Range anticlinorium and the right-laterally shifting Salinian block along the San Andreas fault. Examples of control exerted on Santa Margarita sedimentation by the southern Temblor Range anticlinorium include the preferential accumulation of sediments along the flanks of the anticlinorium, thickening of strata on the downthrown side of the Recruit Pass fault and on flanks of selected anticlines, intraformational unconformities, and possible partial blockage of the eastward-prograding fan deltas by the Recruit Pass fault. East of the growing southern Temblor Range anticlinorium, the distal ends of the Santa Margarita submarine fans were deflected northwestward by the growing Buena Vista Hills anticline. Several examples of well-defined diachronous sedimentation, where conglomerates and sandstones of the Santa Margarita Formation occupy progressively higher stratigraphic levels in a northwest direction subparallel to the trace of the San Andreas fault, strongly imply that the Salinian basement terrane was shifting in a right-lateral sense during Santa Margarita sedimentation.

Regional factors of importance in focusing conglomerate sedimentation on the southern Temblor Range locale for a 2- to 3-m.y. period in the late Mohnian were right-lateral oblique slip on the San Andreas fault, formation of the \"big bend\" in the San Andreas fault by left-lateral slip along the Garlock and White Wolf faults, and the partial overlap of the Salinian and Franciscan assemblage basement rocks.


","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1442","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R.T., and Thomson, A., 1989, Tectonically controlled fan delta and submarine fan sedimentation of late Miocene age, southern Temblor Range, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1442, Report: vii, 59 p.; 5 Plates: 56.10 x 40.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1442.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 59 p.; 5 Plates: 56.10 x 40.00 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326960,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"5.85 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":326961,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"7.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 4"},{"id":326962,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","size":"5.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 5"},{"id":165529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":326959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"11.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":326958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"42.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":340347,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1442/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 34.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T. rryder@usgs.gov","contributorId":119319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert","email":"rryder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":219809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomson, Alan","contributorId":189669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomson","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29454,"text":"wri884114 - 1989 - Water resources of the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation, east-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:19:25","indexId":"wri884114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4114","title":"Water resources of the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation, east-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Water resources in the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation meet the present (1987) needs for drinking-water supplies and other household uses with respect to water quality and quantity, and provide valuable ecological, recreational, and aesthetic benefits. Total annual water use in the Reservation is about 36.5 million gallons per year and per capita use is about 100 gallons per day. Practically all the water is used for domestic supply. Ground water is the source of all water supplies in the Reservation.

\n

Three aquifers are the source of ground water in the Reservation. Unconfined-drift aquifers consist of surficial outwash that extends over one third of the Reservation. Confined-drift aquifers consist of sand and gravel deposits that occur discontinuously at depths of 50 to 150 feet throughout the Reservation. The third aquifer is in crystalline bedrock that underlies the glacial drift.

\n

Surface-water resources in the Reservation consist of numerous wetlands, many shallow lakes, and streams that drain five basins. All the basins in the Reservation are part of the St. Louis River drainage system, except for a small area in the southcentral part of the Reservation that is part of the Kettle River basin. Stoney Brook, which is the major stream, drains three fourths of the Reservation. Average discharge from Stoney Brook during the 1984 water year was 82 cubic feet per second. The lakes in the Reservation, which are shallow and small, have a combined surface area of about 3,000 acres.

\n

Concentrations of constituents in ground-water samples met recommended and regulated limits set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water except for samples collected from wells in the unconfined-drift aquifer that suggested limits for nitrate (one sample), iron (two samples), and manganese (six samples), were exceeded. Quality of water in the lakes and streams is suitable for native forms of plant and animal life.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri884114","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation Business Committee","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., 1989, Water resources of the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation, east-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4114, v, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884114.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58299,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4114/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Fond du Lac Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.4774169921875,\n 46.73327226871774\n ],\n [\n -92.4774169921875,\n 46.6451938027548\n ],\n [\n -92.7520751953125,\n 46.64472240881699\n ],\n [\n -92.74864196777342,\n 46.875213396722685\n ],\n [\n -92.73902893066406,\n 46.878029625122075\n ],\n [\n -92.72323608398438,\n 46.88131503811574\n ],\n [\n -92.70744323730469,\n 46.878029625122075\n ],\n [\n -92.69096374511719,\n 46.87709089874481\n ],\n [\n -92.67791748046875,\n 46.875213396722685\n ],\n [\n -92.66624450683594,\n 46.874274621077795\n ],\n [\n -92.65663146972656,\n 46.87380522709687\n ],\n [\n -92.64495849609375,\n 46.875213396722685\n ],\n [\n -92.62229919433594,\n 46.87333582901027\n ],\n [\n -92.61680603027342,\n 46.870988776992256\n ],\n [\n -92.61062622070312,\n 46.870988776992256\n ],\n [\n -92.59689331054688,\n 46.87051935427163\n ],\n [\n -92.58041381835938,\n 46.86723328026759\n ],\n [\n -92.57286071777344,\n 46.862069043222895\n ],\n [\n -92.57492065429688,\n 46.855026101172285\n ],\n [\n -92.5762939453125,\n 46.84798223530896\n ],\n [\n -92.57286071777344,\n 46.83999807052501\n ],\n [\n -92.56050109863281,\n 46.83577067935951\n ],\n [\n -92.55157470703125,\n 46.82637528602131\n ],\n [\n -92.5433349609375,\n 46.81932766316868\n ],\n [\n -92.5323486328125,\n 46.81650835534017\n ],\n [\n -92.52548217773438,\n 46.81415881922961\n ],\n [\n -92.50968933105469,\n 46.81509864599243\n ],\n [\n -92.49870300292969,\n 46.81932766316868\n ],\n [\n -92.48771667480469,\n 46.81462873466413\n ],\n [\n -92.48497009277344,\n 46.80428964656369\n ],\n [\n -92.4835968017578,\n 46.79723912881805\n ],\n [\n -92.47123718261719,\n 46.795828914397596\n ],\n [\n -92.46162414550781,\n 46.79394857101435\n ],\n [\n -92.45819091796875,\n 46.78924742510817\n ],\n [\n -92.46025085449217,\n 46.78407569031799\n ],\n [\n -92.47055053710938,\n 46.779373682055635\n ],\n [\n -92.4835968017578,\n 46.773730730079414\n ],\n [\n -92.49252319335938,\n 46.76761686478674\n ],\n [\n -92.49114990234374,\n 46.75726874246586\n ],\n [\n -92.48634338378906,\n 46.744095530257525\n ],\n [\n -92.4774169921875,\n 46.73327226871774\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69963f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, J. F.","contributorId":81866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29457,"text":"wri894074 - 1989 - Water resources of the White Earth Indian Reservation, northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:19:50","indexId":"wri894074","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4074","title":"Water resources of the White Earth Indian Reservation, northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Water resources in the White Earth Indian Reservation meet the present (1988) needs for potable supply and other household uses and provide valuable ecological, recreational, and aesthetic benefits. Total annual water use in the Reservation is about 460 million gallons per year. Domestic supply from privately owned wells and municipal systems accounts for roughly three-fourths of the water use, and irrigation of croplands and nurseries accounts for approximately one-fourth, depending on rainfall.

\n

Glacial-drift aquifers are the source of ground water in the Reservation. Unconfined-drift aquifers consist of two surficial outwash deposits that extend over approximately one-fifth of the Reservation. One deposit trends along a north-south strip through the central part of the Reservation, and the other occupies the southeastern corner. Confined-drift aquifers are the most significant source of ground-water supply. These aquifers are discontinuous lenses of sand and gravel that hydraulically are poorly connected to each other. The aquifers are 50 to 300 feet below land surface and 5 to 25 feet thick. Yields from these aquifers typically range from 10 to 100 gallons per minute.

\n

Surface water in the Reservation consist of numerous lakes, wetlands, prairie potholes, and streams. The larger, deeper lakes in the eastern and southern parts of the Reservation support walleye and northern pike and provide recreational opportunities for swimming and boating. The shallower lakes and prairie potholes are used to produce wild rice and also are managed to provide waterfowl habitat. Most of the streams in the Reservation drain the headwater areas of basins that are part of the Red River of the North watershed; however, several small streams in the southeastern part drain to the Crow Wing River, which is part of the Mississippi River drainage system. The Wild Rice River drains the largest basin in the Reservation.

\n

Ground water is mostly a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. Dissolvedsolids concentration of the ground water generally is greater in the deeper confined-drift aquifers than in the shallower unconfined-drift aquifers. The concentrations of sodium and sulfate in water from the confined-drift aquifers are higher in the northwestern part of the Reservation than in the rest of the aquifer. Except for elevated concentrations of iron and manganese, the quality of the ground water meets the criteria established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for drinking water.

\n

Surface water also is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. Lake waters are hard and alkaline and are mesotrophic to eutrophic in productivity. Quality of the lake and stream water is suitable for native forms of freshwater biota, although the concentration of total recoverable mercury exceeds the 0.012 micrograms per liter maximum contaminant level; that level, established by USEPA for the organic form of dissolved mercury, is intended to protect against chronic effects on freshwater life. Available information, however, indicates that the amount of mercury in edible tissue from fish in alkaline lakes of northwestern Minnesota is within safe limits. The concentrations of phosphorus and nitrate in the streams are below levels that indicate pollution problems.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri894074","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the White Earth Indian Reservation Business Committee","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., 1989, Water resources of the White Earth Indian Reservation, northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4074, vii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894074.","productDescription":"vii, 73 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58302,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4074/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"White Earth Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.03424072265625,\n 46.97463048970669\n ],\n [\n -96.03424072265625,\n 47.4596655525415\n ],\n [\n -95.29815673828124,\n 47.4596655525415\n ],\n [\n -95.29815673828124,\n 46.97463048970669\n ],\n [\n -96.03424072265625,\n 46.97463048970669\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f02a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, J. F.","contributorId":81866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":67940,"text":"ha705 - 1989 - Distribution of water-quality characteristics that may indicate the presence of acid mine drainage in the eastern coal province of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:22","indexId":"ha705","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"705","title":"Distribution of water-quality characteristics that may indicate the presence of acid mine drainage in the eastern coal province of the United States","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha705","usgsCitation":"Wetzel, K.L., and Hoffman, S.A., 1989, Distribution of water-quality characteristics that may indicate the presence of acid mine drainage in the eastern coal province of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 705, 12 maps on 3 sheets :col. ;sheets 117 x 104 cm. and 107 x 76 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha705.","productDescription":"12 maps on 3 sheets :col. ;sheets 117 x 104 cm. and 107 x 76 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89147,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/705/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89148,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/705/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89149,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/705/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88,32 ], [ -88,42 ], [ -78,42 ], [ -78,32 ], [ -88,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63eaac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wetzel, Kim L.","contributorId":104884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, Scott A. shoffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Scott","email":"shoffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":277358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17502,"text":"ofr88492 - 1989 - Preliminary analysis of the shallow ground-water system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-06T16:33:20.898321","indexId":"ofr88492","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-492","title":"Preliminary analysis of the shallow ground-water system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana","docAbstract":"

The shallow groundwater system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River-Indiana Harbor Canal, Indiana was analyzed from June 1985 to May 1986. This analysis was done to obtain detailed information about the physical characteristics of the Calumet aquifer and the shallow groundwater flow system. 36 shallow wells were installed and sediment samples were collected at 26 sites. Water level measurements were made in 45 wells. Data indicate that the aquifer consists of fine-grained to medium-grained sand, locally overlain by slag fill. Aquifer thickness is 0 to 65 ft. This aquifer is underlain by about 100 ft of glacial till and lacustrine clay that overlies carbonate bedrock of Silurian age. Broad, low-relief water table mounds occur between the major surface water drains. The crests of these mounds form major east-west-trending water table divides. Northwest of the Indiana Harbor Canal (IHC), a narrow water table ridge parallels the Lake Michigan shoreline and connects to a somewhat circular, low mound northwest of the IHC. Shallow groundwater generally flows from these water table mounds to the major streams or to Lake Michigan. Groundwater also flows to small ditches, wetlands, and sewer lines. Stream/aquifer relations along the Grand Calumet River/IHC were quite complex. Digital model simulations of a conceptual north-south section near the middle of the study area indicate that discharge of groundwater to small ditches and leaky sewer lines has lowered the water table by several ft from predevelopment levels. Simulations also indicate that downward leakage to the bedrock may have contributed to the decline in the water table. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr88492","usgsCitation":"Watson, L.R., Shedlock, R.J., Banaszak, K., Arihood, L.D., and Doss, P.K., 1989, Preliminary analysis of the shallow ground-water system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-492, iv, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88492.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408041,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17455.htm"},{"id":46653,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0492/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0492/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.41615295410155,\n 41.59310776407768\n ],\n [\n -87.30697631835936,\n 41.59310776407768\n ],\n [\n -87.30697631835936,\n 41.65470159090441\n ],\n [\n -87.41615295410155,\n 41.65470159090441\n ],\n [\n -87.41615295410155,\n 41.59310776407768\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67cac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Lee R.","contributorId":83545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shedlock, R. J.","contributorId":91510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banaszak, K. J.","contributorId":34935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banaszak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arihood, L. D. 0000-0001-5792-3699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":74388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doss, P. K.","contributorId":22788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doss","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":28423,"text":"wri884098 - 1989 - Preliminary hydrogeologic evaluation of the Cincinnati Arch region for underground high-level radioactive waste disposal, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T22:06:08.377081","indexId":"wri884098","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4098","title":"Preliminary hydrogeologic evaluation of the Cincinnati Arch region for underground high-level radioactive waste disposal, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio","docAbstract":"

Preliminary interpretation of available hydrogeologic data suggests that some areas underlying eastern Indiana, north-central Kentucky, and western Ohio might be worthy of further study regarding the disposal of high-level radioactive waste in Precambrian crystalline rocks buried beneath Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the area. The data indicate that (1) largest areas of deepest potential burial and thickest sedimentary rock cover occur in eastern Indiana; (2) highest concentrations of dissolved solids in the basal sandstone aquifer, suggesting the most restricted circulation, are found in the southern part of the area near the Kentucky-Ohio State line and in southeastern Indiana; (3) largest areas of lowest porosity in the basal sandstone aquifer, low porosity taken as an indicator of the lowest groundwater flow velocity and contaminant migration, are found in northeastern Indiana and northwestern Ohio, central and southeastern Indiana, and central Kentucky; (4) the thickest confining units that directly overlie the basal sandstone aquifer are found in central Kentucky and eastern Indiana where their thickness exceeds 500 ft; (5) steeply dipping faults that form potential hydraulic connections between crystalline rock, the basal sandstone aquifer, and the freshwater circulation system occur on the boundaries of the study area mainly in central Kentucky and central Indiana. Collectively, these data indicate that the hydrogeology of the sedimentary rocks in the western part of the study area is more favorably suited than that in the remainder of the area for the application of the buried crystalline-rock concept.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884098","usgsCitation":"Lloyd, O., and Davis, R.W., 1989, Preliminary hydrogeologic evaluation of the Cincinnati Arch region for underground high-level radioactive waste disposal, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4098, Report: iv, 42 p.; 2 Plates: 19.79 × 33.65 inches and 24.14 × 25.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884098.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 42 p.; 2 Plates: 19.79 × 33.65 inches and 24.14 × 25.43 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57225,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4098/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57224,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4098/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4098/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":396291,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47018.htm"},{"id":57226,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Cincinnati Arch region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.923828125,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -82.94677734375,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -82.94677734375,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -86.923828125,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -86.923828125,\n 37.49229399862877\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lloyd, O. B.","contributorId":75189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"O. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, R. W.","contributorId":93459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157145,"text":"70157145 - 1989 - The influence of north Pacific atmospheric circulation on streamflow in the west","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:34:41","indexId":"70157145","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The influence of north Pacific atmospheric circulation on streamflow in the west","docAbstract":"
\n

The annual cycle and nonseasonal variability of streamflow over western North America and Hawaii is studied in terms of atmospheric forcing elements. This study uses several decades of monthly average streamflow beginning as early as the late 1800's over a network of 38 stations. In addition to a strong annual cycle in mean streamflow and its variance at most of the stations, there is also a distinct annual cycle in the autocorrelation of anomalies that is related to the interplay between the annual cycles of temperature and precipitation. Of particular importance to these lag effects is the well-known role of water stored as snow pack, which controls the delay between peak precipitation and peak flow and also introduces persistence into the nonseasonal streamflow anomalies, with time scales from 1 month to over 1 year.

\n
\n
\n

The degree to which streamflow is related to winter atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific and western North America is tested using correlations with time averaged, gridded sea level pressure (SLP), which begins in 1899. Streamflow fluctuations show significant large-scale correlations for the winter (December through February) mean SLP anomaly patterns over the North Pacific with maximum correlations ranging from 0.3 to about 0.6. For streams along the west coast corridor the circulation pattern associated with positive streamflow anomalies is low pressure centered off the coast to the west or northwest, indicative of increased winter storms and an anomalous westerly-to-southwesterly wind component. For streams in the interior positive streamflow anomalies are associated with a positive SLP anomaly stationed remotely over the central North Pacific, and with negative but generally weaker SLP anomalies locally.

\n
\n
\n

One important influence on streamflow variability is the strength of the Aleutian Low in winter. This is represented by the familiar Pacific-North America (PNA) index and also by an index defined herein the “CNP” (Central North Pacific). This index, beginning in 1899, is taken to be the average of the SLP anomaly south of the Aleutians and the western Gulf of Alaska. Correlations between PNA or CNP and regional anomalies reflect streamflow the alternations in strength and position of the mean North Pacific storm track entering North America as well as shifts in the trade winds over the subtropical North Pacific. Regions whose streamflow is best tuned to the PNA or CNP include coastal Alaska, the northwestern United States, and Hawaii; the latter two regions have the opposite sign anomaly as the former. The pattern of streamflow variations associated with El Niño is similar, but the El Niño signal also includes a tendency for greater than normal streamflow in the southwestern United States. These indices are significantly correlated with streamflow at one to two seasons in advance of the December–August period, which may allow modestly skillful forecasts. It is important to note that streamflow variability in some areas, such as British Columbia and California, does not respond consistently to these broad scale Pacific atmospheric circulation indices, but is related to regional atmospheric anomaly features over the eastern North Pacific.

\n
\n
\n

Spatially, streamflow anomalies are fairly well correlated over scales of several hundred kilometers. Inspection of the spatial anomalies of stream-flow in this study suggest an asymmetry in the spatial pattern of positive versus negative streamflow anomalies in the western United States: dry patterns have tended to be larger and more spatially coherent than wet patterns.

\n
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aspects of climate variability in the Pacific and the western Americas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM055p0375","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D.R., and Peterson, D., 1989, The influence of north Pacific atmospheric circulation on streamflow in the west, chap. of Aspects of climate variability in the Pacific and the western Americas, p. 375-397, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM055p0375.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"397","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb70ae4b058f706e53f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, David H.","contributorId":82776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70231273,"text":"70231273 - 1989 - Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Middle and Upper Silurian rocks and an enigmatic diamictite, southeastern New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-04T16:25:06.933938","indexId":"70231273","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T11:13:35","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Middle and Upper Silurian rocks and an enigmatic diamictite, southeastern New York","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"New York State Geological Association; 61st annual meeting; field trip guidebook","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"New York State Geological Association; 61st Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"Oct 13-15, 1989","conferenceLocation":"Middletown, NY","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Prave, A., Alcala, M., and Epstein, J.B., 1989, Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Middle and Upper Silurian rocks and an enigmatic diamictite, southeastern New York, in New York State Geological Association; 61st annual meeting; field trip guidebook, v. 61, Middletown, NY, Oct 13-15, 1989, p. 121-140.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nysga-online.org/guidebooks/by-year/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.86083984375,\n 41.41183573100123\n ],\n [\n -74.65896606445312,\n 41.265420628926684\n ],\n [\n -73.95858764648438,\n 41.68111756290652\n ],\n [\n -74.11514282226562,\n 41.84705871212191\n ],\n [\n -74.86083984375,\n 41.41183573100123\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prave, Anthony","contributorId":291372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prave","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alcala, Moses","contributorId":291373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alcala","given":"Moses","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209310,"text":"70209310 - 1989 - Tectonostratigraphic terranes and their Paleozoic boundaries in the central and southern Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-31T10:07:58","indexId":"70209310","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T10:00:13","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonostratigraphic terranes and their Paleozoic boundaries in the central and southern Appalachians","docAbstract":"

Parts of the central and southern Appalachian orogen appear to have evolved away from Proterozoic North America (Laurentia) and to have been accreted to it during the Paleozoic orogenies that collectively formed the orogen. Identifying each tectonostratigraphic terrane is a necessary step in understanding the evolution of the orogen. The terranes in the central and southern Appalachians are delineated, interpreted, and classified with varying degrees of confidence as: (1) Laurentian native terranes, (2) internal continental terranes of the Appalachian orogen, (3) disrupted terranes, (4) possible oceanic crustal remnants, (5) volcanic-arc terranes, (6) a continental terrane of Gondwanaland affinity, and (7) metamorphic complexes of undetermined affinity. The Laurentian native terranes consist of external massifs of Laurentian basement (Grenvillian and older), their rift- and shelf-facies cover rocks, and slope-rise prism deposits. External massifs are present in the Blue Ridge tectonic province, Reading Prong, and Honey Brook Upland. Rocks of the Talladega block are stratigraphically tied to Laurentia and, with the possible exception of the Hillabee greenstone, are also considered native. Offshore, deep-water, post-rift deposits of the Hamburg and Westminster terranes have no direct stratigraphic ties to Laurentia and are considered discrete native (not suspect) terranes. The internal continental terranes of the Appalachian orogen are isolated massifs of Middle Proterozoic (Grenvillian) continental basement and their cover sequences that occur within the metamorphic core of the orogen. These terranes, the Baltimore, Sauratown, and Pine Mountain terranes, could be either structurally isolated outliers of Laurentia or microcontinental fragments of Laurentian crust displaced by rifting or transcurrent faulting and later reassembled. Disrupted terranes in the central and southern Appalachians contain mélange complexes as well as more coherent terrane fragments (volcanic, ophiolitic, or continental) intermingled with the mélange complexes. Those identified include the Jefferson, Potomac, Smith River, Inner Piedmont, Falls Lake, Juliette, and Sussex terranes. The Bel Air-Rising Sun terrane (Baltimore Complex) in Maryland and Pennsylvania is the only terrane named separately as a possible oceanic crustal remnant. Similar mafic and ultramafic complexes are present in all of the disrupted terranes, but are too small to consider as separate terranes. Volcanic-arc terranes include the Chopawamsic, Carolina, Spring Hope, Roanoke Rapids, and Charleston terranes. The only terrane recognized as a continental terrane of Gondwanaland affinity is the Suwannee terrane, which contains rocks believed to correlate with those now exposed in west Africa. Metamorphic complexes of undetermined affinity are terranes that could not be clearly classified on the basis of available data. These include the Milton, Gaffney, Uchee, Crabtree, Goochland, Wilmington, and Hatteras terranes. The Penobscottian, Taconian, Acadian, and Alleghanian Paleozoic compressional events collectively assembled the various terranes into what is now the Appalachian orogen. Only the central and southern parts of the U.S. Appalachians are considered here. The Penobscottian orogeny, about 550 to 490 Ma, amalgamated the Potomac, the Chopawamsic, probably the Bel Air-Rising Sun, and possibly other exotic terranes at some unknown distance from Laurentia. This was followed by the Taconian orogeny, about 470 to 440 Ma, which accreted the previously amalgamated terranes and probably other terranes such as the Carolina terrane to Laurentia. The younger age limit for the Taconian event is partly constrained by Middle and Late Ordovician faunal assemblages in successor basin deposits of the Arvonia Slate and Quantico Formation. The significance of the Acadian orogeny, dated about 400 to 380 Ma in New England, is unclear in the central and southern Appalachians. In the Talladega block of Alabama and Georgia, an Early to Middle Devonian dynamothermal event is firmly bracketed between Early Devonian fossils and K-Ar ages that indicate a thermal peak no later than Middle Devonian time. A regional tectonothermal event and faulting of approximately this age are also suggested by isotopic studies in terranes to the east. The late Paleozoic (Alleghanian) continental collision between Laurentia and Gondwanaland, which formed the supercontinent Pangea, marks the final stage of accretionary history in the Appalachian-Caledonide orogen. Effects evident in the central and southern Appalachian region include: (1) the accretion of the Suwannee terrane and perhaps the Charleston terrane to what is now North America, (2) slicing and shifting of terranes along dextral strike-slip faults, particularly in the eastern Piedmont, (3) westward transport of native and previously accreted terranes in the western Piedmont and Blue Ridge as part of a composite crystalline thrust sheet, (4) deposition of clastic wedges in the Appalachian foreland, and (5) imbricate thrusting and folding of the resultant strata in the Valley and Ridge Province.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE230-p213","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Horton,, J., Drake, A., and Rankin, D., 1989, Tectonostratigraphic terranes and their Paleozoic boundaries in the central and southern Appalachians: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 230, p. 213-245, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE230-p213.","productDescription":"33 p. ","startPage":"213","endPage":"245","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","otherGeospatial":"Appalachians","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 35.782170703266075\n ],\n [\n -78.7060546875,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 44.02442151965934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"230","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton,, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":219824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton,","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, A.A.","contributorId":33786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rankin, D.W.","contributorId":32579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194849,"text":"70194849 - 1989 - Velocities of antarctic outlet glaciers determined from sequential Landsat images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T16:21:12","indexId":"70194849","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":812,"text":"Antarctic Journal of the United States","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Velocities of antarctic outlet glaciers determined from sequential Landsat images","docAbstract":"

Approximately 91.0 percent of the volume of present-day glacier ice on Earth is in Antarctica; Greenland contains about another 8.3 percent of the volume. Thus, together, these two great ice sheets account for an estimated 99.3 percent of the total. Long-term changes in the volume of glacier ice on our planet are the result of global climate change. Because of the relationship of global ice volume to sea level (± 330 cubic kilometers of glacier ice equals ± 1 millimeter sea level), changes in the mass balance of the antarctic ice sheet are of particular importance.

Whether the mass balance of the east and west antarctic ice sheets is positive or negative is not known. Estimates of mass input by total annual precipitation for the continent have been made from scattered meteorological observations (Swithinbank 1985). The magnitude of annual ablation of the ice sheet from calving of outlet glaciers and ice shelves is also not well known. Although the velocities of outlet glaciers can be determined from field measurements during the austral summer,the technique is costly, does not cover a complete annual cycle,and has been applied to just a few glaciers. To increase the number of outlet glaciers in Antarctica for which velocities have been determined and to provide additional data for under-standing the dynamics of the antarctic ice sheets and their response to global climate change, sequential Landsat image of several outlet glaciers were measured.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, T.R., Ferrigno, J.G., Williams, R., and Lucchitta, B.K., 1989, Velocities of antarctic outlet glaciers determined from sequential Landsat images: Antarctic Journal of the United States, v. 24, no. 5, p. 105-106.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.coldregions.org/vufind/ajus/ajus"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6857f5e4b06e28e9c65f4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Thomas R.","contributorId":201469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":17355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":725648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193873,"text":"70193873 - 1989 - Sensitivity of endemic Snake River cutthroat trout to acidity and elevated aluminum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T10:11:25","indexId":"70193873","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of endemic Snake River cutthroat trout to acidity and elevated aluminum","docAbstract":"

Acidic episodes in waters of the western USA, do not last as long and are not as intense as those in the eastern USA, but we found that the native western cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki is sensitive to even brief reductions in pH. In laboratory studies, fish were exposed to acidity (pH 4.5–6.5) alone or in the presence of aluminum during the first 7 d of the freshly fertilized egg, eyed embryo, alevin, or swim-up larva stages of development. Following exposure to acidity and aluminum, eggs and fish were held under control water quality conditions to 40 d posthatch to assess effects of the exposure on subsequent development. Reductions in pH from 6.5 to 6.0 in low-calcium water (1.4 mg/L) did not affect survival, but reduced growth offish in the early life stages. The presence of as little as 50 μg A1/L at low pH further decreased growth and reduced survival. The most sensitive indicators of stress were loss of ions (determined from whole-body sampling) and reduced swimming in alevins, reduction in the ratio of RNA:DNA, feeding inhibition, and pathology of gill tissue in swim-up larvae. A pH of 6.0 and 50 μg Al/L reduced whole-body sodium by 72% and potassium by 50% in alevins. Reductions in the RNA: DNA ratio, correlated with lower growth rates, were observed in swim-up larvae exposed to pH 5.5 and 50 μg Al/L. Exposure to 50 μg Al/L at pH 6.0 reduced swimming activity of alevins by 68% and feeding rates of swim-up larvae by 67%. In the presence of 50 μg A1/L, pathological changes in gill tissue were observed in swim-up larvae exposed to pH 6.0 or less. Although acidification is not widespread in the western USA, cutthroat trout have a narrow margin of safety between conditions that currently exist and those at which pH and aluminum reduce survival and growth.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0630:SOESRC>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.F., Farag, A.M., Mueller, M., Little, E.E., and Vertucci, F., 1989, Sensitivity of endemic Snake River cutthroat trout to acidity and elevated aluminum: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 118, no. 6, p. 630-643, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0630:SOESRC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"643","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a082349e4b09af898c8d0ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, D. F.","contributorId":85645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, M.E.","contributorId":84715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vertucci, F. A.","contributorId":27381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vertucci","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194889,"text":"70194889 - 1989 - Structure of the lower crust beneath the Carolina Trough, U.S. Atlantic continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T15:15:29","indexId":"70194889","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the lower crust beneath the Carolina Trough, U.S. Atlantic continental margin","docAbstract":"

Data from three large-offset seismic profiles provide information on the crustal structure beneath the Carolina trough. The profiles, obtained by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Naval Oceanographic Research Development Agency, and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1985, were oriented parallel to the trough and were located (1) seaward of the East Coast Magnetic Anomaly (ECMA), which is generally thought to represent the boundary between oceanic and continental crust; (2) along the axis of the trough between the ECMA and the hinge zone, which is thought to reflect the landward limit of highly stretched and altered transitional crust; and (3) along the Carolina platform landward of the basement hinge zone on crust thought to have been thinned only slightly during rifting. These data constrain the velocity structure of the lower crust and provide evidence for a thick lens of high-velocity (>7.1 km/s) lower crustal material that extends beneath the Carolina trough and the adjacent ocean basin. This lens reaches a maximum thickness of about 13 km beneath the deepest part of the trough, thins to about 5 km seaward of the ECMA, and is either very thin or absent landward of the hinge zone. It is interpreted to represent material that was underplated beneath and/or intruded into the crust during the late stage of continental rifting and that led to an anomalously thick plutonic layer during the early seafloor spreading phase. These data thus support the recent conclusions of White et al. (1987b) and Mutter et al. (1988) that the initiation of seafloor spreading is attended in many, if not most, cases by the generation of an anomalously large volume of melt.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB08p10585","usgsCitation":"Trehu, A.M., Ballard, A., Dorman, L., Gettrust, J., Klitgord, K.D., and Schreiner, A., 1989, Structure of the lower crust beneath the Carolina Trough, U.S. Atlantic continental margin: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 94, no. 8, p. 10585-10600, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB08p10585.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"10585","endPage":"10600","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Carolina Trough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 28\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c9fe4b06e28e9cabb42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trehu, Anne M.","contributorId":49884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trehu","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballard, A.","contributorId":201494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorman, L.M.","contributorId":201495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorman","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gettrust, J.F.","contributorId":80080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettrust","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schreiner, A.","contributorId":201496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreiner","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70197840,"text":"70197840 - 1989 - Extensional faulting in the southern Klamath Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-21T11:40:19","indexId":"70197840","displayToPublicDate":"1989-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extensional faulting in the southern Klamath Mountains, California","docAbstract":"

Large northeast striking normal faults in the southern Klamath Mountains may indicate that substantial crustal extension occurred during Tertiary time. Some of these faults form grabens in the Jurassic and older bedrock of the province. The grabens contain continental Oligocene or Miocene deposits (Weaverville Formation), and in two of them the Oligocene or Miocene is underlain by Lower Cretaceous marine formations (Great Valley sequence). At the La Grange gold placer mine the Oligocene or Miocene strata dip northwest into the gently southeast dipping mylonitic footwall surface of the La Grange fault. The large normal displacement required by the relations at the La Grange mine is also suggested by omission of several kilometers of structural thickness of bedrock units across the northeast continuation of the La Grange fault, as well as by significant changes in bedrock across some northeast striking faults elsewhere in the Central Metamorphic and Eastern Klamath belts. The Trinity ultramafic sheet crops out in the Eastern Klamath terrane as part of a broad northeast trending arch that may be structurally analogous to the domed lower plate of metamorphic core complexes found in eastern parts of the Cordillera. The northeast continuation of the La Grange fault bounds the southeastern side of the Trinity arch in the Eastern Klamath terrane and locally cuts out substantial lower parts of adjacent Paleozoic strata of the Redding section. Faults bounding the northwestem side of the Trinity arch generally trend northeast and juxtapose stacked thrust sheets of lower Paleozoic strata of the Yreka terrane against the Trinity ultramafic sheet. Geometric relations suggest that the Tertiary extension of the southern Klamath Mountains was in NW-SE directions and that the Redding section and the southern part of the Central Metamorphic terrane may be a large Tertiary allochthon detached from the Trinity ultramafic sheet. Paleomagnetic data indicate a lack of rotation about a vertical axis during the extension. We propose that the Trinity ultramafic sheet is structurally analogous to a metamorphic core complex; if so, it is the first core complex to be described that involves ultramafic rocks. We infer that Mesozoic terrane accretion produced a large gravitational instability in the crust that spread laterally during Tertiary extension

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TC008i001p00135","usgsCitation":"Schweickert, R., and Irwin, W., 1989, Extensional faulting in the southern Klamath Mountains, California: Tectonics, v. 8, no. 1, p. 135-149, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC008i001p00135.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.12329101562499,\n 38.79690830348427\n ],\n [\n -120.33325195312499,\n 38.79690830348427\n ],\n [\n -120.33325195312499,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -125.12329101562499,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -125.12329101562499,\n 38.79690830348427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c42e4b034bf6a8225ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schweickert, R.A.","contributorId":69577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweickert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, W. P.","contributorId":82347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170443,"text":"70170443 - 1989 - Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of a Wetland receiving wastewater effluent in St. Joseph, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T12:13:22","indexId":"70170443","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-01T15:15:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of a Wetland receiving wastewater effluent in St. Joseph, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics were determined for a wetland being used for tertiary treatment of wastewater in St. Joseph, Minnesota. The wetland consists of spruce-tamarack fen and a cattail marsh, with the wastewater being discharged into the fen, and the fen draining into the marsh. The wetland is underlain by flat-lying glacial outwash that ranges from 0 to greater than 20 m in thickness. Horizontal ground-water movement in the outwash aquifer is toward the wetland from the south, east, and west. There is a strong upward vertical hydraulic gradient (about 0.1) in the ground-water flow system beneath and around the wetland. Regionally, the glacial-outwash aquifer is unconfined, but it is confined or partly confined locally by peat deposits under the wetland. Analysis of the hydrologic balance of the fen from October 1985 through September 1986 indicates that the inflow was 44 percent ground water, 38 percent wastewater, 11 percent runoff (storm sewer), and 7 percent precipitation. The fen outflow was 93 percent surface water and 7 percent evapotranspiration. Inflow to the marsh was 74 percent surface water, 21 percent ground water, and 5 percent precipitation. Outflow from the marsh was 94 percent surface water and 6 percent evapotranspiration. Wastewater contributed 74,996, and 81 percent of the total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen in the fen, respectively. Other chemical inputs were from the storm sewer, ground water, and atmospheric deposition. The fen was found to retain 34, 14, and 14 percent of the suspended solids, total phosphorus, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, respectively. The marsh retained 44, 18, and 22 percent of these three constituents, respectively.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"McClean, VA","doi":"10.1007/BF03160744","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.G., and Stark, J.R., 1989, Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of a Wetland receiving wastewater effluent in St. Joseph, Minnesota: Wetlands, v. 9, no. 2, p. 191-206, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160744.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"206","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Joseph","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.36946868896484,\n 45.51909783811403\n ],\n [\n -94.36946868896484,\n 45.600347177025895\n ],\n [\n -94.24278259277344,\n 45.600347177025895\n ],\n [\n -94.24278259277344,\n 45.51909783811403\n ],\n [\n -94.36946868896484,\n 45.51909783811403\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a843e4b0ef3b7caba59c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Rob G.","contributorId":68888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Rob","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stark, James R. stark@usgs.gov","contributorId":289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"James","email":"stark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":627223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016064,"text":"70016064 - 1989 - Planktonic benthonic foraminiferal ratios: Modern patterns and Tertiary applicability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-02T16:39:48.961322","indexId":"70016064","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planktonic benthonic foraminiferal ratios: Modern patterns and Tertiary applicability","docAbstract":"
The abundance of planktonic specimens in foraminiferal assemblages was determined in numerous bottom samples from inner neritic to deep oceanic depths along the Atlantic margin of the northeastern United States. The results augment previous studies in other areas that have shown a general increase in percentage of planktonic specimens in total foraminiferal bottom assemblages as water depth increases. The patterns found in this area of complex shelf bathymetry and hydrography illustrate the influence on the planktonic-benthonic percentages of water depth, distance from shore, different water mass properties and downslope movement of tests in high energy areas.

The patterns found in the 661 samples from the Atlantic margin were compared with results from 795 stations in the Gulf of Mexico, Pacific Ocean and Red Sea. The relative abundance of planktonic specimens and water depth correlates positively in all open oceanic areas even though taxonomic composition and diversity of the faunas from different areas is variable. The variation of planktonic percentages in bottom samples within most depth intervals is large so that a precise depth determination cannot be made for any given value. However, an approximate upper depth limit for given percentages can be estimated for open ocean environments.

A decrease in planktonic percentages is seen in the lower salinity and higher turbidity coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine. Planktonic percentages intermediate between the lower values in the less saline coastal waters and the higher values in the normal open oceanic conditions occur in the transitional area between the Gulf of Maine and the open marine Atlantic Ocean to the east. Similarly lowered values in another area of restricted oceanic circulation occur in the high salinity, clear, but nutrient-poor waters of the Gulf of Aqaba off the Red Sea.

A comparison of the similarity of modern planktonic percentage values to those found in earlier Tertiary assemblages was made to confirm the usefulness of this measure in the fossil record. In some stratigraphic sections in upper Paleocene and lower Eocene strata of the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain, water depths inferred from trends and values of planktonic percentages consistently match paleobathymetry constructed from physical stratigraphic characteristics and paleogeographic relationships.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(89)90003-0","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T.G., 1989, Planktonic benthonic foraminiferal ratios: Modern patterns and Tertiary applicability: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 15, no. 1-2, p. 29-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(89)90003-0.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7bc9e4b0c8380cd79613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, Thomas G.","contributorId":25180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168842,"text":"70168842 - 1989 - Water resources of northeast Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-04T15:37:51","indexId":"70168842","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T16:30:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"8","subseriesTitle":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources Water Atlas","title":"Water resources of northeast Iowa","docAbstract":"

In 1965 a cooperative investigation with the U.S. Geological Survey produced Water Atlas No. 1 (Twenter and Coble, 1965).  It presented information on the occurrence, availability, use, quality, and future demand of water in 10 counties in the central part of the state.  Subsequent investigations produced Water Atlases No. 4 (Coble and Roberts, 1971) for southeast Iowa, No. 5 (Cagle and Heinitz, 1978) for south-central Iowa, No. 6 (Wahl et al., 1978) for east-central Iowa, and No. 7 (Buchmiller et al., 1985) for north-central Iowa.  The present study, Water Atlas No. 8 (1989), describes the surface-water and groundwater resources of 11 counties in extreme northeast Iowa.  With the publication of this report, water atlases are now available for the eastern two-thirds of the state.

","language":"English","publisher":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Horick, P.J., and Soenksen, P.J., 1989, Water resources of northeast Iowa, xi, 133 p.","productDescription":"xi, 133 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://s-iihr34.iihr.uiowa.edu/publications/uploads/WA-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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