Three watersheds within a marsh system draining into Lake Michigan in northwest Indiana, USA, were studied for differences among land use, habitat conditions and water quality to determine their influence on macroinvertebrate community structure. Much of this area had been altered for agricultural, commercial, industrial and residential land uses. Land use, habitat conditions and water quality were significantly different among watersheds. Water quality varied more among streams than within streams. Several variables were related to land use, especially dissolved ions. Macroinvertebrate communities depicted neither a healthy wetland nor a healthy stream system. Some sites were typical of a sand-based, erosional stream system and others were more typical of a wetland system. Communities were different both in and among streams; relationships with water chemistry variables and land use suggested that community structure was a function of local-scale, abiotic factors rather than watershed-scale characteristics. These results show the importance of local-scale influences on the structure and function of macroinvertebrate communities. The development of the methods used to measure these local-scale landscape factors is important to restoration and management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980008656999","usgsCitation":"Stewart, P., Butcher, J., and Swinford, T., 2000, Land use, habitat, and water quality effects on macroinvertebrate communities in three watersheds of a Lake Michigan associated marsh system: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 3, no. 1, p. 179-189, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980008656999.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"189","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, P.M.","contributorId":14756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butcher, J.T.","contributorId":90265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butcher","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swinford, T.O.","contributorId":49754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swinford","given":"T.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000858,"text":"1000858 - 2000 - Aggressive and foraging behavioral interactions among ruffe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T14:03:32","indexId":"1000858","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aggressive and foraging behavioral interactions among ruffe","docAbstract":"The ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus, is a nonindigenous percid in the Great Lakes. Ruffe are aggressive benthivores and forage over soft substrates. Laboratory studies in pools (100 cm in diameter, 15 cm water depth) were conducted to determine whether fish density (low = 2, medium = 4, high = 6 ruffe per pool) changed foraging and aggressive behaviors with a limited food supply of chironomid larvae. All fish densities demonstrated a hierarchy based on aggressive interactions, but ruffe were most aggressive at low and high fish densities. Time spent in foraging was lowest at the low fish density. The best forager at the low fish density was the most aggressive individual, but the second most aggressive fish at the medium and high fish density was the best forager and also the one chased most frequently. A medium fish density offered the best energetic benefits to ruffe by providing the lowest ratio of time spent in aggression to that spent foraging. Based on our results, ruffe should grow best at an intermediate density. With high ruffe densities, we would also expect disparity in size as the more aggressive fish are able to garner a disproportionate amount of the resources. Alternatively, as the Great Lakes are a fairly open system, ruffe could migrate out of one area to colonize another as populations exceed optimal densities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1007523307404","usgsCitation":"Savino, J.F., and Kostich, M., 2000, Aggressive and foraging behavioral interactions among ruffe: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 57, no. 3, p. 337-345, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007523307404.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266952,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007523307404"}],"volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606503","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savino, Jacqueline F. jsavino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jsavino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kostich, Melissa J.","contributorId":72325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostich","given":"Melissa J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000872,"text":"1000872 - 2000 - Effects of thiamine on reproduction of Atlantic salmon and a new hypothesis for their extirpation in Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T13:28:55","indexId":"1000872","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of thiamine on reproduction of Atlantic salmon and a new hypothesis for their extirpation in Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Previous researchers demonstrated that a mortality in fry (called Cayuga syndrome) of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from Cayuga Lake (New York) was associated with low levels of thiamine. They reduced the mortality of fry by bathing or injecting fry with thiamine. We injected four to six gravid female Atlantic salmon with either physiological saline (PS) or PS plus thiamine (7 mg/kg weight) 14–23 d before eggs were stripped, fertilized, and incubated in individual lots. Chemical analyses showed that eggs from control and treated salmon contained 1.1 and 1.6 nmol thiamine/g, respectively. Thiamine injections had no significant effect on the percentage of eggs that hatched. Between 700 and 800 Celius degree-days postfertilization, control fry (saline) showed signs of Cayuga syndrome and a 45% incidence of mortality; in contrast, mortality was only 1.9% for fry that received thiamine. By 1,078 degree-days postfertilization, mean mortality of control fry was 98.6%, whereas that for thiamine-injected salmon was 2.1%. This study showed that thiamine injections of prespawning female salmon from Cayuga Lake increased thiamine content of their eggs and prevented the Cayuga syndrome and subsequent mortality of fry. Historically, overfishing, pollution, and building of dams and barriers to spawning migration were suggested as possible causes of the decline of the Atlantic salmon in Lake Ontario and Cayuga Lake. Based on our findings and other reports, we suggest another possible contributing cause of the extirpation of landlocked Atlantic salmon in Lake Ontario and some other inland waters of New York: The entrance of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus containing thiaminase, which induced thiamine deficiency in eggs and increased mortality in fry of the predatory salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0607:EOTORO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ketola, H.G., Bowser, P., Wooster, G.A., Wedge, L.R., and Hurst, S.S., 2000, Effects of thiamine on reproduction of Atlantic salmon and a new hypothesis for their extirpation in Lake Ontario: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 2, p. 607-612, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0607:EOTORO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"612","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6100cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, H. George 0000-0002-7260-5602 gketola@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7260-5602","contributorId":2664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","email":"gketola@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"George","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowser, Paul R.","contributorId":10391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowser","given":"Paul R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooster, Gregory A.","contributorId":37700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooster","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wedge, Leslie R.","contributorId":48130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedge","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hurst, Steven S.","contributorId":34476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurst","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70174039,"text":"70174039 - 2000 - Trophic ecology of largemouth bass and northern pike in allopatric and sympatric assemblages in northern boreal lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:58:56","indexId":"70174039","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic ecology of largemouth bass and northern pike in allopatric and sympatric assemblages in northern boreal lakes","docAbstract":"Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and northern pike (Esox lucius) are top predators in the food chain in most aquatic environments that they occupy; however, limited information exists on species interactions in the northern reaches of largemouth bass distribution. We investigated the seasonal food habits of allopatric and sympatric assemblages of largemouth bass and northern pike in six interior lakes within Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. Percentages of empty stomachs were variable for largemouth bass (38-54%) and northern pike (34.7-66.7%). Fishes (mainly yellow perch, Perca flavescens) comprised greater than 60% (mean percent mass, MPM) of the northern pike diet during all seasons in both allopatric and sympatric assemblages. Aquatic insects (primarily Odonata and Hemiptera) were important in the diets of largemouth bass in all communities (0.0-79.7 MPM). Although largemouth bass were observed in the diet of northern pike, largemouth bass apparently did not prey on northern pike. Seasonal differences were observed in the proportion of aquatic insects (P = 0.010) and fishes (P = 0.023) in the diets of northern pike and largemouth bass. Based on three food categories, jackknifed classifications correctly classified 77 and 92% of northern pike and largemouth bass values, respectively. Percent resource overlap values were biologically significant (greater than 60%) during at least one season in each sympatric assemblage, suggesting some diet overlap.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z00-126","usgsCitation":"Soupir, C.A., Brown, M., and Kallemeyn, L.W., 2000, Trophic ecology of largemouth bass and northern pike in allopatric and sympatric assemblages in northern boreal lakes: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 78, no. 10, p. 1759-1766, https://doi.org/10.1139/z00-126.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1759","endPage":"1766","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Parks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.1585693359375,\n 48.61656946813302\n ],\n [\n -93.03497314453125,\n 48.61747733567233\n ],\n [\n -92.92785644531249,\n 48.60658184761339\n ],\n [\n -92.73834228515625,\n 48.53479452317522\n ],\n [\n -92.63946533203124,\n 48.53843177405044\n ],\n [\n -92.62985229492188,\n 48.506596968085894\n ],\n [\n -92.6971435546875,\n 48.49840764096436\n ],\n [\n -92.713623046875,\n 48.468368787493915\n ],\n [\n -92.69577026367188,\n 48.451976459625996\n ],\n [\n -92.66006469726562,\n 48.439223211480595\n ],\n [\n -92.53921508789062,\n 48.44560023585716\n ],\n [\n -92.51174926757812,\n 48.44560023585716\n ],\n [\n -92.4774169921875,\n 48.424644149283594\n ],\n [\n -92.45407104492188,\n 48.41097247934197\n ],\n [\n -92.47467041015625,\n 48.34712273417819\n ],\n [\n -92.46368408203125,\n 48.30146673770983\n ],\n [\n -92.52410888671875,\n 48.30146673770983\n ],\n [\n -92.75344848632812,\n 48.37723330604312\n ],\n [\n -92.96768188476561,\n 48.398208936781806\n ],\n [\n -93.04733276367188,\n 48.43011178780492\n ],\n [\n -93.10775756835936,\n 48.486576276944774\n ],\n [\n -93.22860717773438,\n 48.47747334905567\n ],\n [\n -93.18603515624999,\n 48.61293783470649\n ],\n [\n -93.1585693359375,\n 48.61656946813302\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576d0839e4b07657d1a37594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soupir, Craig A.","contributorId":172411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soupir","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Michael L.","contributorId":171903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kallemeyn, Larry W.","contributorId":53320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kallemeyn","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022288,"text":"70022288 - 2000 - Preliminary study of gill NA+,K+-ATPase activity in juvenile spring chinook salmon following electroshock or handling stress","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T14:27:02","indexId":"70022288","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary study of gill NA+,K+-ATPase activity in juvenile spring chinook salmon following electroshock or handling stress","docAbstract":"We compared gill Na+,K+-ATPase in subyearling and yearling spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha 3 h, 24 h, and 7 d after exposure to either a short pulsed DC electroshock (300 V, 50 Hz, 8-ms pulse duration) or an acute handling stress. Mean gill Na+,K+-ATPase values ranged from 7.5 to 11.8 ??mol inorganic phosphate (Pi) ?? (mg protein)-1 ?? h-1. No significant differences were detected, with the exception of electroshocked subyearlings 7 d after treatment. Increased activity was attributed to the presence of two influential values. No significant differences were detected after removal of these observations, so the increase was not considered biologically significant. Inclusion of the outliers did not alter our interpretation of the results given that the observed increase was slight compared with the magnitude of changes reported under experimental conditions and in migrating juvenile salmonids. The treatment groups underwent a typical stress response and had significantly elevated cortisol and glucose levels 3 h after treatment. Recovery to control levels occurred within 24 h for cortisol and from 24 h to 7 d for glucose. Our results lead to the conclusion that neither acute electroshock nor acute handling stress alters Na+,K+-ATPase activity in juvenile spring chinook salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2000)020<0528:PSOGNK>2.3.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"VanderKooi, S.P., Gale, W.L., and Maule, A., 2000, Preliminary study of gill NA+,K+-ATPase activity in juvenile spring chinook salmon following electroshock or handling stress: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 20, no. 2, p. 528-533, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2000)020<0528:PSOGNK>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"528","endPage":"533","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2000)020<0528:PSOGNK>2.3.CO;2"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ab6e4b0c8380cd7e0db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanderKooi, S. P.","contributorId":12587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKooi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gale, William L.","contributorId":48726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000882,"text":"1000882 - 2000 - FITPOP, a heuristic simulation model of population dynamics and genetics with special reference to fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T13:17:41","indexId":"1000882","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"FITPOP, a heuristic simulation model of population dynamics and genetics with special reference to fisheries","docAbstract":"Although, perceiving genetic differences and their effects on fish population dynamics is difficult, simulation models offer a means to explore and illustrate these effects. I partitioned the intrinsic rate of increase parameter of a simple logistic-competition model into three components, allowing specification of effects of relative differences in fitness and mortality, as well as finite rate of increase. This model was placed into an interactive, stochastic environment to allow easy manipulation of model parameters (FITPOP). Simulation results illustrated the effects of subtle differences in genetic and population parameters on total population size, overall fitness, and sensitivity of the system to variability. Several consequences of mixing genetically distinct populations were illustrated. For example, behaviors such as depression of population size after initial introgression and extirpation of native stocks due to continuous stocking of genetically inferior fish were reproduced. It also was shown that carrying capacity relative to the amount of stocking had an important influence on population dynamics. Uncertainty associated with parameter estimates reduced confidence in model projections. The FITPOP model provided a simple tool to explore population dynamics, which may assist in formulating management strategies and identifying research needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00205-7","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., 2000, FITPOP, a heuristic simulation model of population dynamics and genetics with special reference to fisheries: Ecological Modelling, v. 127, no. 1, p. 81-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00205-7.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa43b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr.","contributorId":56992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":95312,"text":"95312 - 2000 - Cancer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"95312","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Cancer","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Laboratory Fish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","collaboration":"01-012/FH","usgsCitation":"Baumann, P.C., and Okihiro, M., 2000, Cancer, chap. of The Laboratory Fish, p. 591-616.","productDescription":"p. 591-616","startPage":"591","endPage":"616","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6db1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ostrander, G.K.","contributorId":12328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostrander","given":"G.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505520,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Baumann, P. 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No abstract available.
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