{"pageNumber":"3271","pageRowStart":"81750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70022495,"text":"70022495 - 2000 - Aquatic ecosystem protection and restoration: Advances in methods for assessment and evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T17:14:27.493267","indexId":"70022495","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1563,"text":"Environmental Science and Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic ecosystem protection and restoration: Advances in methods for assessment and evaluation","docAbstract":"Many methods and criteria are available to assess aquatic ecosystems, and this review focuses on a set that demonstrates advancements from community analyses to methods spanning large spatial and temporal scales. Basic methods have been extended by incorporating taxa sensitivity to different forms of stress, adding measures linked to system function, synthesizing multiple faunal groups, integrating biological and physical attributes, spanning large spatial scales, and enabling simulations through time. These tools can be customized to meet the needs of a particular assessment and ecosystem. Two case studies are presented to show how new methods were applied at the ecosystem scale for achieving practical management goals. One case used an assessment of biotic structure to demonstrate how enhanced river flows can improve habitat conditions and restore a diverse fish fauna reflective of a healthy riverine ecosystem. In the second case, multitaxonomic integrity indicators were successful in distinguishing lake ecosystems that were disturbed, healthy, and in the process of restoration. Most methods strive to address the concept of biological integrity and assessment effectiveness often can be impeded by the lack of more specific ecosystem management objectives. Scientific and policy explorations are needed to define new ways for designating a healthy system so as to allow specification of precise quality criteria that will promote further development of ecosystem analysis tools.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1462-9011(00)00029-0","issn":"14629011","usgsCitation":"Bain, M., Harig, A., Loucks, D., Goforth, R., and Mills, K., 2000, Aquatic ecosystem protection and restoration: Advances in methods for assessment and evaluation: Environmental Science and Policy, v. 3, no. S1, p. 89-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1462-9011(00)00029-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed0de4b0c8380cd495c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bain, M.B.","contributorId":45362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bain","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harig, A.L.","contributorId":34288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harig","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loucks, D.P.","contributorId":58415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loucks","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goforth, R.R.","contributorId":14973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goforth","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mills, K.E.","contributorId":19732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022494,"text":"70022494 - 2000 - Combining accuracy assessment of land-cover maps with environmental monitoring programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:56:12","indexId":"70022494","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining accuracy assessment of land-cover maps with environmental monitoring programs","docAbstract":"<p><span>A scientifically valid accuracy assessment of a large-area, land-cover map is expensive. Environmental monitoring programs offer a potential source of data to partially defray the cost of accuracy assessment while still maintaining the statistical validity. In this article, three general strategies for combining accuracy assessment and environmental monitoring protocols are described. These strategies range from a fully integrated accuracy assessment and environmental monitoring protocol, to one in which the protocols operate nearly independently. For all three strategies, features critical to using monitoring data for accuracy assessment include compatibility of the land-cover classification schemes, precisely co-registered sample data, and spatial and temporal compatibility of the map and reference data. Two monitoring programs, the National Resources Inventory (NRI) and the Forest Inventory and Monitoring (FIM), are used to illustrate important features for implementing a combined protocol.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1006487829238","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Stehman, S., Czaplewski, R., Nusser, S., Yang, L., and Zhu, Z., 2000, Combining accuracy assessment of land-cover maps with environmental monitoring programs: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 64, no. 1, p. 115-126, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006487829238.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":206809,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006487829238"},{"id":230836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7dee4b0c8380cd4cd3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stehman, S.V.","contributorId":91974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehman","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27852,"text":"State University of New York, Syracuse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Czaplewski, R.L.","contributorId":106281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czaplewski","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nusser, S.M.","contributorId":49302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nusser","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022493,"text":"70022493 - 2000 - Accuracy and precision of estimating age of gray wolves by tooth wear","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T18:08:37.638589","indexId":"70022493","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy and precision of estimating age of gray wolves by tooth wear","docAbstract":"<p>We evaluated the accuracy and precision of tooth wear for aging gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) from Alaska, Minnesota, and Ontario based on 47 known-age or known-minimum-age skulls. Estimates of age using tooth wear and a commercial cementum annuli-aging service were useful for wolves up to 14 years old. The precision of estimates from cementum annuli was greater than estimates from tooth wear, but tooth wear estimates are more applicable in the field. We tended to overestimate age by 1-2 years and occasionally by 3 or 4 years. The commercial service aged young wolves with cementum annuli to within <span>±</span>1 year of actual age, but under estimated ages of wolves <span>≥</span>9 years old by 1-3 years. No differences were detected in tooth wear patterns for wild wolves from Alaska, Minnesota, and Ontario, nor between captive and wild wolves. Tooth wear was not appropriate for aging wolves with an underbite that prevented normal wear or severely broken and missing teeth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802745","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Gipson, P.S., Ballard, W., Nowak, R.M., and Mech, L., 2000, Accuracy and precision of estimating age of gray wolves by tooth wear: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 3, p. 752-758, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802745.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"752","endPage":"758","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e687e4b0c8380cd4748e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gipson, P. S.","contributorId":70136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gipson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballard, W.B.","contributorId":101235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowak, R. M.","contributorId":51870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022446,"text":"70022446 - 2000 - Effects of heterogeneity in aquifer permeability and biomass on biodegradation rate calculations: Results from numerical simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T09:48:47","indexId":"70022446","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of heterogeneity in aquifer permeability and biomass on biodegradation rate calculations: Results from numerical simulations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerical simulations were used to examine the effects of heterogeneity in hydraulic conductivity (K) and intrinsic biodegradation rate on the accuracy of contaminant plume‐scale biodegradation rates obtained from field data. The simulations were based on a steady‐state BTEX contaminant plume undergoing biodegradation under sulfate‐reducing conditions, with the electron acceptor in excess. Biomass was either uniform or correlated with K to model spatially variable intrinsic biodegradation rates. A hydraulic conductivity data set from an alluvial aquifer was used to generate three sets of 10 realizations with different degrees of heterogeneity, and contaminant transport with biodegradation was simulated with BIOMOC. Biodegradation rates were calculated from the steady‐state contaminant plumes using decrease in concentration with distance downgradient and a single flow velocity estimate, as is commonly done in site characterization to support the interpretation of natural attenuation. The observed rates were found to underestimate the actual rate specified in the heterogeneous model in all cases. The discrepancy between the observed rate and the “true” rate depended on the ground water flow velocity estimate, and increased with increasing heterogeneity in the aquifer. For a lognormal K distribution with variance of 0.46, the estimate was no more than a factor of 1.4 slower than the true rate. For an aquifer with 20% silt/clay lenses, the rate estimate was as much as nine times slower than the true rate. Homogeneous‐permeability, uniform‐degradation rate simulations were used to generate predictions of remediation time with the rates estimated from the heterogeneous models. The homogeneous models generally overestimated the extent of remediation or underestimated remediation time, due to delayed degradation of contaminants in the low‐K areas. Results suggest that aquifer characterization for natural attenuation at contaminated sites should include assessment of the presence and extent of, and contaminant concentrations in, low‐permeability areas of an aquifer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02706.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., 2000, Effects of heterogeneity in aquifer permeability and biomass on biodegradation rate calculations: Results from numerical simulations: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 5, p. 702-712, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02706.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"702","endPage":"712","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0711e4b0c8380cd5153f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022492,"text":"70022492 - 2000 - In-situ analysis of solid bitumen in coal: Examples from the Bowen Basin and the Illinois Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022492","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In-situ analysis of solid bitumen in coal: Examples from the Bowen Basin and the Illinois Basin","docAbstract":"Solid bitumen and associated vitrinite from selected coals from the Bowen Basin and the Illinois Basin were studied using electron microprobe and micro-FTIR techniques. The coal studied covers a range of vitrinite reflectance from 0.59% to 1.33%. Carbon content in the bitumen is generally lower than in vitrinite in coals with vitrinite reflectance below 0.67%. In coals with reflectance above 0.67%, carbon content of bitumen is higher than in vitrinite, reflecting higher aromaticity due to hydrocarbon generation. Sulfur and iron content are comparable between vitrinite and bitumen. Functional group distribution suggests the presence of two types of bitumen in the Illinois Basin coals. The more aliphatic variety occurring in veins and cleats is interpreted as pre-gas generation bitumen, and the more aromatic variety filling cells and voids in inertinite as post-gas generation bitumen. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Solid bitumen and associated vitrinite from selected coals from the Bowen Basin and the Illinois Basin were studied using electron microprobe and micro-FTIR techniques. The coal studied covers a range of vitrinite reflectance from 0.59% to 1.33%. Carbon content in the bitumen is generally lower than in vitrinite in coals with vitrinite reflectance below 0.67%. In coals with reflectance above 0.67%, carbon content of bitumen is higher than in vitrinite, reflecting higher aromaticity due to hydrocarbon generation. Sulfur and iron content are comparable between vitrinite and bitumen. Functional group distribution suggests the presence of two types of bitumen in the Illinois Basin coals. The more aliphatic variety occurring in veins and cleats is interpreted as pre-gas generation bitumen, and the more aromatic variety filling cells and voids in inertinite as post-gas generation bitumen.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00040-3","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Mastalerz, M., and Glikson, M., 2000, In-situ analysis of solid bitumen in coal: Examples from the Bowen Basin and the Illinois Basin: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 42, no. 2-3, p. 207-220, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00040-3.","startPage":"207","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206794,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00040-3"},{"id":230801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39bfe4b0c8380cd61a24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glikson, M.","contributorId":9793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glikson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162324,"text":"70162324 - 2000 - Peces de la Isla del Coco Fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T12:57:42","indexId":"70162324","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Peces de la Isla del Coco Fishes","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"Spanish","publisher":"Institito Nacional de Biodiversedad","usgsCitation":"Garrison, V.H., 2000, Peces de la Isla del Coco Fishes, 392 p.","productDescription":"392 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314594,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/cocos/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4de4b0961cf2811c19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, Virginia H. ginger_garrison@usgs.gov","contributorId":2386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"Virginia","email":"ginger_garrison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022491,"text":"70022491 - 2000 - Multispecies reactive tracer test in an aquifer with spatially variable chemical conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T08:30:10","indexId":"70022491","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multispecies reactive tracer test in an aquifer with spatially variable chemical conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>A field investigation of multispecies reactive transport was conducted in a well‐characterized, sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The aquifer is characterized by regions of differing chemical conditions caused by the disposal of secondary sewage effluent. Ten thousand liters of groundwater with added tracers (Br, Cr(VI), and EDTA complexed with Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni) were injected into the aquifer and distributions of the tracers were monitored for 15 months. Most of the tracers were transported more than 200 m; transport was quantified using spatial moments computed from the results of a series of synoptic samplings. Cr(VI) transport was retarded relative to Br; the retardation factor varied from 1.1 to 2.4 and was dependent on chemical conditions. At 314 days after the injection, dissolved Cr(VI) mass in the tracer cloud had decreased 85%, with the likely cause being reduction to Cr(III) in a suboxic region of the aquifer. Transport of the metal‐EDTA complexes was affected by aqueous complexation, adsorption, and dissolution‐precipitation reactions of Fe oxyhydroxide minerals in the aquifer sediments. Dissolved Pb‐EDTA complexes disappeared from the tracer cloud within 85 days, probably due to metal exchange reactions with Fe and adsorbed Zn (present prior to the injection from contamination by the sewage effluent). About 30% of the Cu‐EDTA complexes remained within the tracer cloud 314 days after injection, even though the thermodynamic stability of the Pb‐EDTA complex is greater than Cu‐EDTA. It is hypothesized that stronger adsorption of Pb</span><sup>2+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>to the aquifer sediments causes the Pb‐EDTA complex to disassociate to a greater degree than the Cu‐EDTA complex. The mass of dissolved Zn‐EDTA increased during the first 175 days of the tracer test to 140% of the mass injected, with the increase due to desorption of sewage‐derived Zn. Dissolved Ni‐EDTA mass remained nearly constant throughout the tracer test, apparently only participating in reversible adsorption reactions. The results of the field experiment provide a chemically complex data set that can be used in the testing of reactive transport models of flow coupled with chemical reactions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900282","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Kent, D., Coston, J., Hess, K., and Joye, J., 2000, Multispecies reactive tracer test in an aquifer with spatially variable chemical conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 119-134, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900282.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"134","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60a0e4b0c8380cd715b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coston, J.A.","contributorId":59572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coston","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hess, K.M.","contributorId":39415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joye, J.L.","contributorId":56389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joye","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022447,"text":"70022447 - 2000 - Flow variations and macroinvertebrate community responses in a small groundwater-dominated stream in south east England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022447","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow variations and macroinvertebrate community responses in a small groundwater-dominated stream in south east England","docAbstract":"Changes in the macroinvertebrate community in response to flow variations in the Little Stour River, Kent, UK, were examined over a 6 year period (1992-1997). This period included the final year of the 1988-1992 drought, followed by some of the wettest conditions recorded this century and a second period of drought between 1996 and 1997. Each year, samples were collected from 15 sites during late-summer base-flow conditions. Correspondence analysis identified clear differences between samples from upstream and downstream sites, and between drought and non-drought years. Step-wise multiple regression was used to identify hydrological indicators of community variation. Several different indices were used to describe the macroinvertebrate community, including macroinvertebrate community abundance, number of families and species, and individual species. Site characteristics were fundamental in accounting for variation in the unstandardized macroinvertebrate community. However, when differences between sites were controlled, hydrological conditions were found to play a dominant role in explaining ecological variation. Indices of high discharge (or their absence), 4-7 months prior to sampling (i.e. winter-spring), were found to be the most important variables for describing the late-summer community The results are discussed in relation to the role of flow variability in shaping instream communities and management implications. Copyright ?? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Changes in the macroinvertebrate community in response to flow variations in the Little Stour River, Kent, UK, were examined over a 6 year period (1992-1997). This period included the final year of the 1988-1992 drought, followed by some of the wettest conditions recorded this century and a second period of drought between 1996 and 1997. Each year, samples were collected from 15 sites during late-summer base-flow conditions. Correspondence analysis identified clear differences between samples from upstream and downstream sites, and between drought and non-drought years. Step-wise multiple regression was used to identify hydrological indicators of community variation. Several different indices were used to describe the macroinvertebrate community, including macroinvertebrate community abundance, number of families and species, and individual species. Site characteristics were fundamental in accounting for variation in the unstandardized macroinvertebrate community. However, when differences between sites were controlled, hydrological conditions were found to play a dominant role in explaining ecological variation. Indices of high discharge (or their absence), 4-7 months prior to sampling (i.e. winter-spring), were found to be the most important variables for describing the late-summer community. The results are discussed in relation to the role of flow variability in shaping instream communities and management implications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3133::AID-HYP138>3.0.CO;2-J","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Bendix, J., and Hupp, C., 2000, Flow variations and macroinvertebrate community responses in a small groundwater-dominated stream in south east England: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 16-17, p. 3133-3147, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3133::AID-HYP138>3.0.CO;2-J.","startPage":"3133","endPage":"3147","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206754,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3133::AID-HYP138>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"id":230721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"16-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1257e4b0c8380cd54288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bendix, J.","contributorId":59977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bendix","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022490,"text":"70022490 - 2000 - Remarks on the calcareous nannofossil markers Rhomboaster and Tribrachiatus around the Paleocene/Eocene boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T18:07:27.167556","indexId":"70022490","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1719,"text":"GFF","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Remarks on the calcareous nannofossil markers <i>Rhomboaster</i> and <i>Tribrachiatus</i> around the Paleocene/Eocene boundary","title":"Remarks on the calcareous nannofossil markers Rhomboaster and Tribrachiatus around the Paleocene/Eocene boundary","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/11035890001221138","issn":"11035897","usgsCitation":"Von Salis, K., Monechi, S., Bybell, L., Self-Trail, J., and Young, J., 2000, Remarks on the calcareous nannofossil markers Rhomboaster and Tribrachiatus around the Paleocene/Eocene boundary: GFF, v. 122, no. 1, p. 138-140, https://doi.org/10.1080/11035890001221138.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"140","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6cae4b0c8380cd8505a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Von Salis, K.","contributorId":78113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Salis","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monechi, S.","contributorId":33878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monechi","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bybell, L.M. 0000-0002-4760-7542","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":11220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Self-Trail, J.","contributorId":29978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, J.","contributorId":85112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022593,"text":"70022593 - 2000 - High magma storage rates before the 1983 eruption of Kilauea, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022593","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High magma storage rates before the 1983 eruption of Kilauea, Hawaii","docAbstract":"After a magnitude 7.2 earthquake in 1975 and before the start of the ongoing eruption in 1983, deformation of Kilauea volcano was the most rapid ever recorded. Three-dimensional numerical modeling shows that this deformation is consistent with the dilation of a dike within Kilauea's rift zones coupled with creep over a narrow area of a low-angle fault beneath the south flank. Magma supply is estimated to be 0.18 cubic kilometers per year, twice that of previous estimates. The 1983 eruption may be a direct consequence of the high rates of magma storage within the rift zone that followed the 1975 earthquake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.288.5475.2343","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Cayol, V., Dieterich, J.H., Okamura, A., and Mikijus, A., 2000, High magma storage rates before the 1983 eruption of Kilauea, Hawaii: Science, v. 288, no. 5475, p. 2343-2346, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5475.2343.","startPage":"2343","endPage":"2346","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487392,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-03049436","text":"External Repository"},{"id":206684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5475.2343"},{"id":230549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"288","issue":"5475","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30c0e4b0c8380cd5d8f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayol, V.","contributorId":83302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayol","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okamura, A.T.","contributorId":70400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okamura","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022449,"text":"70022449 - 2000 - Hydrologic influences on soil properties along ephemeral rivers in the Namib Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022449","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic influences on soil properties along ephemeral rivers in the Namib Desert","docAbstract":"Soils were examined along three ephemeral rivers in the Namib Desert to assess the influence of their hydrologic characteristics on soil properties. Soils consisted of layers of fluvially deposited, organic-rich silts, interstratified with fluvial and aeolian sands. The most significant influence of the ephemeral hydrologic regime upon soils was related to the downstream alluviation associated with hydrologic decay. This alluviation increased the silt proportion of soils in the lower reaches of the rivers. Organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous were correlated with silt content, and silt deposition patterns influenced patterns of moisture availability and plant rooting, creating and maintaining micro-habitats for various organisms. Localized salinization occurred in association with wetland sites and soluble salt content tended to increase downstream. Because of the covariance between silt and macronutrients, and the influence of silt upon moisture availability and habitat suitability, alluviation patterns associated with the hydrologic regime strongly influence the structure, productivity, and spatial distribution of biotic communities in ephemeral river ecosystems. (C) 2000 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jare.1999.0619","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, P., Jacobson, K., Angermeier, P., and Cherry, D., 2000, Hydrologic influences on soil properties along ephemeral rivers in the Namib Desert: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 45, no. 1, p. 21-34, https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0619.","startPage":"21","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206756,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0619"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a363ae4b0c8380cd60548","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, P.J.","contributorId":18529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, K.M.","contributorId":105465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherry, D.S.","contributorId":87321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022474,"text":"70022474 - 2000 - Redox conditions and the efficiency of chlorinated ethene biodegradation: Field studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022474","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Redox conditions and the efficiency of chlorinated ethene biodegradation: Field studies","docAbstract":"The effect of redox conditions on the efficiency of chlorinated ethene biodegradation was investigated at two field sites. One site (NAS Cecil Field, FL) is characterized by predominantly Fe(III)-reducing conditions in the contaminant source area, grading to predominantly sulfate- reducing conditions downgradient. This sequence of redox conditions led to relatively inefficient biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes, with high concentrations of trichloroethene extending more than 400 meters downgradient of the source area. In contrast, a second site (NBS Kings Bay, GA) characterized by predominantly sulfate-reducing conditions in the source area followed by Fe(III)-reducing conditions downgradient. In this system perchloroethene (PCE) and TCE were rapidly biodegraded and extended less than 100 meters downgradient. Rates of ground- water transport are similar at the two sites (???0.2 m/d) indicating that the succession of redox processes, rather than other hydrologic factors, is the principal control on biodegradation. In particular, redox conditions that favor the initial reduction of highly chlorinated ethenes (methanogenic or sulfate-reducing conditions) followed by more oxidizing conditions (Fe(III)- reducing or oxic conditions) favors efficient biodegradation. Thus, documenting the succession of redox processes is an important step in understanding the efficiency of chlorinated ethene biodegradation in ground-water systems.","largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","language":"English","issn":"00933066","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., and Bradley, P., 2000, Redox conditions and the efficiency of chlorinated ethene biodegradation: Field studies, <i>in</i> ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints, v. 40, no. 2, p. 343-345.","startPage":"343","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3bde4b0e8fec6cdb959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022473,"text":"70022473 - 2000 - Soil organic matter characteristics in size fractions of water-stable aggregates and ultrasonically-dispersed particles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022473","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Soil organic matter characteristics in size fractions of water-stable aggregates and ultrasonically-dispersed particles","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","language":"English","issn":"00933066","usgsCitation":"Choate, L., Ranville, J., Thorn, K.A., Macalady, D., and Bunge, A., 2000, Soil organic matter characteristics in size fractions of water-stable aggregates and ultrasonically-dispersed particles, <i>in</i> ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints, v. 40, no. 2, p. 118-120.","startPage":"118","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9213e4b08c986b319ca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choate, L.M.","contributorId":58045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ranville, J. F.","contributorId":54245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macalady, D.L.","contributorId":76468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bunge, A.L.","contributorId":100144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunge","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022472,"text":"70022472 - 2000 - Ore-fluid evolution at the Getchell Carlin-type gold deposit, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T16:56:52.711292","indexId":"70022472","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1593,"text":"European Journal of Mineralogy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ore-fluid evolution at the Getchell Carlin-type gold deposit, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Minerals and fluid-inclusion populations were examined using petrography, microthermometry, quadrupole mass-spectrometer gas analyses and stable-isotope studies to characterize fluids responsible for gold mineralization at the Getchell Carlin-type gold deposit. The gold-ore assemblage at Getchell is superimposed on quartz-pyrite vein mineralization associated with a Late-Cretaceous granodiorite stock that intruded Lower-Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. The ore assemblage, of mid-Tertiary age, consists of disseminated arsenian pyrite that contains submicrometer gold, jasperoid quartz, and later fluorite and orpiment that fill fractures and vugs. Late ore-stage realgar and calcite enclose ore-stage minerals.</p><p>Pre-ore quartz trapped fluids with a wide range of salinities (1 to 21 wt.% NaCl equivalent), gas compositions (H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>4</sub>), and temperatures (120 to &gt; 360°C). Oxygen- and hydrogen-isotope ratios indicate that pre-ore fluids likely had a magmatic source, and were associated with intrusion of the granodiorite stock and related dikes.</p><p>Ore-stage jasperoid contains moderate salinity, aqueous fluid inclusions trapped at 180 to 220°C. Ore fluids contain minor CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and trace H<sub>2</sub>S that allowed the fluid to react with limestone host rocks and transport gold, respectively. Aqueous inclusions in fluorite indicate that fluid temperatures declined to ∼ 175°C by the end of ore-stage mineralization. As the hydrothermal system collapsed, fluid temperatures declined to 155 to 115°C and realgar and calcite precipitated.</p><p>Inclusion fluids in ore-stage minerals have high δD<sub>H2O</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>H2O</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values that indicate that the fluid had a deep source, and had a metamorphic or magmatic origin, or both. Late ore-stage fluids extend to lower δ<sub>H2O</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values, and have a wider range of δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>H2O</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values suggesting dilution by variably exchanged meteoric waters.</p><p>Results show that deeply sourced ore fluids rose along the Getchell fault system, where they dissolved carbonate wall rocks and deposited gold-enriched pyrite and jasperoid quartz. Gold and pyrite precipitated together as H<sub>2</sub>S in the ore fluids reacted with iron in the host rocks. As ore fluids mixed with local aquifer fluids, ore fluids became cooler and more dilute. Cooling caused precipitation of ore-stage fluorite and orpiment, and late ore-stage realgar. Phase separation and/or neutralization of the ore fluid during the waning stages of the hydrothermal ore system led to deposition of late ore-stage calcite.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"E. Schweizerbart'sche Verldghuchhandlung","doi":"10.1127/0935-1221/2000/0012-0195","usgsCitation":"Cline, J.S., and Hofstra, A.H., 2000, Ore-fluid evolution at the Getchell Carlin-type gold deposit, Nevada, USA: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 12, no. 1, p. 195-212, https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2000/0012-0195.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"212","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410942,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eurjmin/article/12/1/195/61682/Ore-fluid-evolution-at-the-Getchell-Carlin-type"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Getchell","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.70339965820312,\n              40.681679458715635\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75582885742188,\n              40.681679458715635\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75582885742188,\n              41.33970040774419\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.70339965820312,\n              41.33970040774419\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.70339965820312,\n              40.681679458715635\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f71e4b0c8380cd75acc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cline, Jean S.","contributorId":83628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022471,"text":"70022471 - 2000 - Breeding Atlantic Puffins, Fratercula arctica, and other birds species of Coburg Island, Nunavut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T13:19:45","indexId":"70022471","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding Atlantic Puffins, Fratercula arctica, and other birds species of Coburg Island, Nunavut","docAbstract":"Coburg Island and neighbouring waters were recently designated a Canadian National Wildlife Area. The large seabird colony at Cambridge Point has been previously described, and is dominated by Thick-billed Murres (160 000 pairs). We found that a small offshore island, named Princess Charlotte Monument, also supported breeding populations of seven marine bird species; three of which did not breed at the main colony (i.e., Northern Fulmar, Common Eider, and Atlantic Puffin). This is the most northern confirmed breeding site for Atlantic Puffins in Canada. Puffins at both Coburg Island and northern Greenland nest in rock crevices, apparently because permafrost in soil prevents burrow nesting. We suggest that puffin populations in the high arctic may be limited by habitat, rather than prey availability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Robards, M.D., Gilchrist, H., and Allard, K., 2000, Breeding Atlantic Puffins, Fratercula arctica, and other birds species of Coburg Island, Nunavut: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 114, no. 1, p. 72-77.","startPage":"72","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f256e4b0c8380cd4b116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilchrist, H.G.","contributorId":88904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilchrist","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allard, K.","contributorId":82086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allard","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022468,"text":"70022468 - 2000 - Orphan caribou, <i>Rangifer tarandus</i>, calves: A re-evaluation of overwinter survival data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T13:13:55","indexId":"70022468","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orphan caribou, <i>Rangifer tarandus</i>, calves: A re-evaluation of overwinter survival data","docAbstract":"<p>Low sample size and high variation within populations reduce power of statistical tests. These aspects of statistical power appear to have affected an analysis comparing overwinter survival rates of non-orphan and orphan Caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) calves by an earlier study for the Porcupine Caribou Herd. A re-evaluation of the data revealed that conclusions about a lack of significant difference in the overwinter survival rates between orphan and non-orphan calves were premature.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Joly, K., 2000, Orphan caribou, <i>Rangifer tarandus</i>, calves: A re-evaluation of overwinter survival data: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 114, no. 2, p. 322-323.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"323","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/index","text":"Journal's Website"}],"volume":"114","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7126e4b0c8380cd764b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70162326,"text":"70162326 - 2000 - Inventory of the fishes of Everglades National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T13:22:45","indexId":"70162326","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1672,"text":"Florida Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inventory of the fishes of Everglades National Park","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Florida Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Loftus, W., 2000, Inventory of the fishes of Everglades National Park: Florida Scientist, v. 63, p. 27-47.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4ae4b0961cf2811bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":96252,"text":"96252 - 2000 - SNTEMP (In)frequently asked questions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T16:26:59","indexId":"96252","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"SNTEMP (In)frequently asked questions","docAbstract":"Here, you will find a series of questions and answers resulting from many years of technical assistance with SNTEMP and SSTEMP. These (in)frequently asked questions are presented here so that you may get a feel for the range of questions posed, learn from the questions and their 'answers,' and share in the discussions if you wish. I certainly didn't answer all the questions, nor do I feel like I've got the only answer for them all.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J., 2000, SNTEMP (In)frequently asked questions, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J.M.","contributorId":54530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81464,"text":"81464 - 2000 - Natural remediation in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:51","indexId":"81464","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Natural remediation in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Overall, the existence of stricter environmental laws during the last 30 years and a reduction in the manufacturing base in the Great Lakes has resulted in improvement in conditions in harbors, rivers, and nearshore waters.  Problems remain, such as the inability to dredge certain harbors and remove sediments because of lack of disposal facilities for contaminated sediments.  Because of the wide extent of of contaminated sediments in the Great Lakes, much work remains to be done to document the condition of contaminated areas and the degree to which remediation of these areas is occurring from biotic and abiotic natural processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural remediation of environmental contaminants: Its role in ecological risk assessment and risk management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC Press","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","usgsCitation":"Passino-Reader, D.R., Kamrin, M.A., and Hickey, J.P., 2000, Natural remediation in the Great Lakes, chap. <i>of</i> Natural remediation of environmental contaminants: Its role in ecological risk assessment and risk management, p. 365-408.","productDescription":"p. 365-408","startPage":"365","endPage":"408","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6980f9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Swindoll, C. Michael","contributorId":111684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swindoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504138,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stahl, Ralph G. Jr.","contributorId":57745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"Ralph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504136,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ells, Stephen J.","contributorId":111534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ells","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504137,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kamrin, Michael A.","contributorId":89470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamrin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickey, James P.","contributorId":83460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":96259,"text":"96259 - 2000 - Effects of introduced crayfish on selected native fishes of Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T16:18:12","indexId":"96259","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Effects of introduced crayfish on selected native fishes of Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>The virile crayfish (<i>Orconectes virilis</i>), an aggressive polytrophic species, has been introduced into many Arizona streams. I investigated competition and predation between this crayfish and several native Arizona fishes. I conducted field experiments to assess competition for food between crayfish and fish, and laboratory experiments to examine competition for shelter and food, and predation. In Sabino Creek, I manipulated crayfish densities in isolated pools to examine effects of crayfish on growth, mortality, and recruitment of Gila chub (<i>Gila intermedia</i>). Regardless of crayfish density, Gila chub declined slightly in weight and condition. Mortality and recruitment did not differ between densities of crayfish. I examined crayfish effects on benthic macroinvertebrates, a submerged aquatic macrophyte and associated invertebrates, and three fish species in a small stream in the White Mountains by fencing eight stream sections to prevent movement. The three fishes were speckled dace (<i>Rhinichthys osculus</i>), Sonora sucker (<i>Catostomus insignis</i>), and desert sucker (<i>C. clarki</i>). Molluscs &gt; 10 mm and macrophytes were less abundant at sites with a high density of crayfish than at sites with low crayfish densities. Insect diversity was lower in high- vs. low-density sites. No treatment effect was observed on growth or condition of individually marked fish. Short-term laboratory experiments demonstrated predatory interactions and competition for shelter between crayfish and Gila chub, desert sucker, and speckled dace. Crayfish used shelter more than fish, displaced fish from shelter, and frequently attacked fish. Fish never attacked crayfish, and only once displaced crayfish from shelter. In predation experiments, crayfish preyed upon all species, but preyed most heavily upon desert suckers. Fish never altered use of the water column in the presence of crayfish. Density manipulation experiments in a laboratory measured food competition between crayfish and two native fishes. Growth of Gila chub was less affected by crayfish than by increased density of Gila chub. Thus crayfish are not strong competitors with Gila chub for food. However, growth of flannelmouth sucker (<i>Catostomus latipinnis</i>) was negatively impacted by presence of crayfish. These laboratory experiments provide evidence that introduced crayfish can reduce fish growth by competition for food, and that native fishes are vulnerable to crayfish predation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, J., 2000, Effects of introduced crayfish on selected native fishes of Arizona, 170 p.","productDescription":"170 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14707,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10150/284145"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611de4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, J.","contributorId":102017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":87184,"text":"87184 - 2000 - Polar bear","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-10T13:26:58.10236","indexId":"87184","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Polar bear","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The natural history of an arctic oil field: Development and the biota","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-012701235-3/50009-X","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., 2000, Polar bear, chap. <i>of</i> The natural history of an arctic oil field: Development and the biota, p. 133-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012701235-3/50009-X.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"157","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Northern Hemisphere","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              49.724479188712984\n            ],\n            [\n              179.9,\n              49.724479188712984\n            ],\n            [\n              179.9,\n              83.88636565780546\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              83.88636565780546\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              49.724479188712984\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684bda","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Truett, J.J.","contributorId":112692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truett","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504830,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S.R.","contributorId":38691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504829,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":297476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81484,"text":"81484 - 2000 - Obsidian hydration dating of Quaternary events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:02","indexId":"81484","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Obsidian hydration dating of Quaternary events","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Geochronology, Methods and Applications: AGU Reference Shelf 4","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., and Friedman, I., 2000, Obsidian hydration dating of Quaternary events, chap. <i>of</i> Quaternary Geochronology, Methods and Applications: AGU Reference Shelf 4, p. 223-240.","productDescription":"223-240","startPage":"223","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6963e0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Noller, J.S.","contributorId":49837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noller","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504174,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sowers, J.M.","contributorId":89546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504176,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lettis, W. R.","contributorId":72842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettis","given":"W. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504175,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":96209,"text":"96209 - 2000 - Managers' summary - Ecological studies of the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range, 1992-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T09:46:14","indexId":"96209","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Managers' summary - Ecological studies of the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range, 1992-1997","docAbstract":"Ecological Studies of the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range, 1992-1997 provides a synthesis of key findings of landscape-scale, interdisciplinary studies of the effects of wild horses and native ungulates on a rugged, mountain ecosystem.  This is perhaps the most comprehensive study of a wild horse herd conducted.  This was a complex study and one involving a truly interagency approach.  Six agencies either provided input to research priority setting, funding, or both.  The agencies included the Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and U.S. Forest Service.  The major research direction and effort came from the U.S. Geological Survey and Natural Resources Ecology Lab, Colorado State University with Montana State University and the University of Kentucky also participating.  Ungulate monitoring was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Bureau of Land Management, Billings Field Office and the Montana Fish and Wildlife Parks, with funding by Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area.  Many other individuals and groups were involved and deserve credit.  The report printing was made possible with funds from the Bureau of Land Management, Wild Horse and Burro Program, Washington Office.  This report was prepared by the Information Management Project, Midcontinent Ecological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Singer, F.J., and Schoenecker, K., 2000, Managers' summary - Ecological studies of the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range, 1992-1997, 131 pp.","productDescription":"131 pp.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoenecker, K.A.","contributorId":71120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":96670,"text":"96670 - 2000 - Preliminary Report on the Spring Survey of Desert Tortoises at the Goffs Permanent Study Plot and Special Project on Effects of Roads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:56","indexId":"96670","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Preliminary Report on the Spring Survey of Desert Tortoises at the Goffs Permanent Study Plot and Special Project on Effects of Roads","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"Technical Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Park Service (Mojave National Preserve)","usgsCitation":"Berry, K., 2000, Preliminary Report on the Spring Survey of Desert Tortoises at the Goffs Permanent Study Plot and Special Project on Effects of Roads, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":128129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30624,"text":"wri004156 - 2000 - A revised load estimation procedure for the Susquehanna, Potomac, Patuxent, and Choptank rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T18:42:49.98233","indexId":"wri004156","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4156","title":"A revised load estimation procedure for the Susquehanna, Potomac, Patuxent, and Choptank rivers","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey's Chesapeake Bay River Input Program has updated the nutrient and suspended-sediment load data base for the Susquehanna, Potomac, Patuxent, and Choptank Rivers using a multiple-window, center-estimate regression methodology. The revised method optimizes the seven-parameter regression approach that has been used historically by the program. The revised method estimates load using the fifth or center year of a sliding 9-year window. Each year a new model is run for each site and constituent, the most recent year is added, and the previous 4 years of estimates are updated. The fifth year in the 9-year window is considered the best estimate and is kept in the data base. The last year of estimation shows the most change from the previous year's estimate and this change approaches a minimum at the fifth year. Differences between loads computed using this revised methodology and the loads populating the historical data base have been noted but the load estimates do not typically change drastically. The data base resulting from the application of this revised methodology is populated by annual and monthly load estimates that are known with greater certainty than in the previous load data base.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004156","usgsCitation":"Yochum, S.E., 2000, A revised load estimation procedure for the Susquehanna, Potomac, Patuxent, and Choptank rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4156, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004156.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2939,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415367,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34747.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna, Potomac, Patuxent, and Choptank Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.75,\n              42.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.75,\n              37.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.067,\n              37.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.067,\n              42.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.75,\n              42.833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b18e4b07f02db6a7359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yochum, Steven E.","contributorId":72835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yochum","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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