Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are used with increasing frequency, and throughout the world as samplers of organic contaminants. The devices can be used to detect a variety of lipophilic chemicals in water, sediment/soil, and air. SPMDs are designed to sample nonpolar, hydrophobic chemicals. The maximum concentration factor achievable for a particular chemical is proportional to its octanol–water partition coefficient. Techniques used for cleanup of SPMD extracts for targeted analytes and for general screening by full-scan mass spectrometry do not differ greatly from techniques used for extracts of other matrices. However, SPMD extracts contain potential interferences that are specific to the membrane–lipid matrix. Procedures have been developed or modified to alleviate these potential interferences. The SPMD approach has been demonstrated to be applicable to sequestering and analyzing a wide array of environmental contaminants including organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans, selected organophosphate pesticides and pyrethroid insecticides, and other nonpolar organic chemicals. We present herein an overview of effective procedural steps for analyzing exposed SPMDs for trace to ultra-trace levels of contaminants sequestered from environmental matrices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00315-0","issn":"00219673","usgsCitation":"Petty, J.D., Orazio, C., Huckins, J., Gale, R., Lebo, J., Meadows, J., Echols, K.R., and Cranor, W., 2000, Considerations involved with the use of semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring environmental contaminants: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 879, no. 1, p. 83-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00315-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206803,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00315-0"}],"volume":"879","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9fee4b0c8380cd4d873","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orazio, C.E.","contributorId":68440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gale, R.W.","contributorId":81653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lebo, J.A.","contributorId":65533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebo","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meadows, J.C.","contributorId":91962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Echols, K. R.","contributorId":32637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cranor, W.L.","contributorId":98261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranor","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70022123,"text":"70022123 - 2000 - Color of pitfall affects trapping success for anurans and shrews","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022123","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Color of pitfall affects trapping success for anurans and shrews","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0018084X","usgsCitation":"Crawford, E., and Kurta, A., 2000, Color of pitfall affects trapping success for anurans and shrews: Herpetological Review, v. 31, no. 4, p. 222-224.","startPage":"222","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7bde4b0c8380cd4cca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, E.","contributorId":39969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurta, A.","contributorId":69320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurta","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022310,"text":"70022310 - 2000 - Harvest and reporting rates of game-farm ring-necked pheasants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70022310","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Harvest and reporting rates of game-farm ring-necked pheasants","docAbstract":"Many state natural resource agencies release ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) for hunting, but the effectiveness of these programs has never been evaluated on a statewide basis. We conducted a reward-band study to estimate harvest, reporting, and survival rates of pheasants raised and released by the Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) for the fall 1998 hunting season. We banded 6,770 of 199,613 released pheasants with leg bands worth $0-$400. Rewards >$75 produced 100% reporting rates. Hunters reported 71.0% of harvested pheasants banded with standard bands (no reward). Cocks had an estimated 62.3% harvest rate when released on public land and a 46.8% harvest rate on private land. Hens had an estimated 50.4% harvest rate when released on public land and a 31.1% harvest rate on private land. Estimated harvest rate for hen pheasants released in September in the either-sex zone was 15.5%. In the late season, pheasants released on public land had a 33.6% harvest rate and a 23.5% harvest rate on private land. We found that few pheasants (<6%) survived >30 days and birds released on public land had reduced survival rates primarily because of greater harvest rates. In fiscal year 1998-99, the net cost to raise and release 199,613 pheasants was $2,813,138 ($14.09 per bird). The average cost per harvested pheasant was $29.10, but ranged from $22.63 to $90.74 depending on the date and location of release. We estimated that 49.9% (82,017 birds) of pheasants stocked immediately prior to and during the regular and late seasons (excluding September releases of hens) were harvested by hunters. Percentage of pheasants harvested by hunters could be increased by expanding the either-sex zone in Pennsylvania so that more hens could be legally killed by hunters and by allocating releases to seasons and locations with greater harvest rates. However, before such changes are implemented, we recommend a survey of Pennsylvania pheasant hunters to ascertain their opinions and desires regarding releases of game-farm pheasants.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, D., Riegner, C., and Hardisky, T., 2000, Harvest and reporting rates of game-farm ring-necked pheasants: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1050-1059.","startPage":"1050","endPage":"1059","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f7de4b0c8380cd5ce20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":106592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riegner, C.F.","contributorId":97666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riegner","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardisky, T.S.","contributorId":66875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardisky","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022314,"text":"70022314 - 2000 - Drifting invertebrates, stomach contents, and body conditions of juvenile rainbow trout from fall through winter in a Wyoming tailwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70022314","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drifting invertebrates, stomach contents, and body conditions of juvenile rainbow trout from fall through winter in a Wyoming tailwater","docAbstract":"We investigated the availability of drifting invertebrates and the stomach contents and body conditions of stocked (hatchery) and naturally spawned (wild) juvenile (20-25 cm total length) rainbow trout from fall through winter in the Big Horn River downstream from Boysen Dam in Wyoming. When the density and biomass of drifting invertebrates declined with water temperature during the fall, stomach contents and body conditions substantially decreased among both wild and stocked fish. During the coldest portion of the winter, the density of small drifting invertebrates increased as did the body conditions of both wild and hatchery trout. We suggest that the perceived increase in body conditions during late winter was due to survival of fish with higher body conditions and not growth of fish from fall to late winter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<1187:DISCAB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Simpkins, D., and Hubert, W., 2000, Drifting invertebrates, stomach contents, and body conditions of juvenile rainbow trout from fall through winter in a Wyoming tailwater: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 5, p. 1187-1195, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<1187:DISCAB>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1187","endPage":"1195","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206610,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<1187:DISCAB>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":230374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03dbe4b0c8380cd506a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpkins, D.G.","contributorId":80027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpkins","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022266,"text":"70022266 - 2000 - A close-up look at Io from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022266","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A close-up look at Io from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer","docAbstract":"Infrared spectral images of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, acquired during the October and November 1999 and February 2000 flybys of the Galileo spacecraft, were used to study the thermal structure and sulfur dioxide distribution of active volcanoes. Loki Patera, the solar system's most powerful known volcano, exhibits large expanses of dark, cooling lava on its caldera floor. Prometheus, the site of long-lived plume activity, has two major areas of thermal emission, which support ideas of plume migration. Sulfur dioxide deposits were mapped at local scales and show a more complex relationship to surface colors than previously thought, indicating the presence of other sulfur compounds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.288.5469.1201","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Lopes-Gautier, R., Doute, S., Smythe, W.D., Kamp, L., Carlson, R.W., Davies, A.G., Leader, F., McEwen, A.S., Geissler, P., Kieffer, S.W., Keszthelyi, L., Barbinis, E., Mehlman, R., Segura, M., Shirley, J., and Soderblom, L., 2000, A close-up look at Io from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer: Science, v. 288, no. 5469, p. 1201-1204, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5469.1201.","startPage":"1201","endPage":"1204","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206789,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5469.1201"},{"id":230788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"288","issue":"5469","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e346e4b0c8380cd45f1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes-Gautier, R.","contributorId":13763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes-Gautier","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doute, S.","contributorId":62803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doute","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smythe, W. D.","contributorId":90878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smythe","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kamp, L.W.","contributorId":16581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carlson, R. W.","contributorId":85331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davies, A. G.","contributorId":72538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"A.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leader, F.E.","contributorId":94048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leader","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Geissler, P.E.","contributorId":67636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kieffer, S. W.","contributorId":19186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Keszthelyi, L.","contributorId":42691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Barbinis, E.","contributorId":30006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbinis","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mehlman, R.","contributorId":88499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Segura, M.","contributorId":84091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segura","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Shirley, J.","contributorId":86939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirley","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70022265,"text":"70022265 - 2000 - Mobilization of major inorganic ions during experimental diagenesis of characterized peats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022265","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of major inorganic ions during experimental diagenesis of characterized peats","docAbstract":"Laboratory experiments were undertaken to study changes in concentrations of major inorganic ions during simulated burial of peats to about 1.5 km. Cladium, Rhizophora, and Cyrilla peats were first analyzed to determine cation distributions among fractions of the initial materials and minerals in residues from wet oxidation. Subsamples of the peats (80 g) were then subjected to increasing temperatures and pressures in steps of 5??C and 300 psi at 2-day intervals and produced solutions collected. After six steps, starting from 30??C and 300 psi, a final temperature of 60??C and a final pressure of 2100 psi were achieved. The system was then allowed to stand for an additional 2 weeks at 60??C and 2100 psi. Treatments resulted in highly altered organic solids resembling lignite and expelled solutions of systematically varying compositions. Solutions from each step were analyzed for Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, total dissolved Si (Si(T)), Cl-, SO42-, and organic acids and anions (OAAs). Some data on total dissolved Al (Al(T)) were also collected. Mobilization of major ions from peats during these experiments is controlled by at least three processes: (1) loss of dissolved ions in original porewater expelled during compaction, (2) loss of adsorbed cations as adsorption sites are lost during modification of organic solids, and (3) increased dissolution of inorganic phases at later steps due to increased temperatures (Si(T)) and increased complexing by OAAs (Al(T)). In general, results provide insight into early post-burial inorganic changes occurring during maturation of terrestrial organic matter. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00226-0","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Bailey, A., Cohen, A., Orem, W., and Blackson, J., 2000, Mobilization of major inorganic ions during experimental diagenesis of characterized peats: Chemical Geology, v. 166, no. 3-4, p. 287-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00226-0.","startPage":"287","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206788,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00226-0"},{"id":230787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"166","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b99e4b0c8380cd6f688","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, A.M.","contributorId":70557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, A.D.","contributorId":38717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackson, J.H.","contributorId":51049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackson","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022340,"text":"70022340 - 2000 - Detection of Sub-Micron Radiation from the Surface of Venus by Cassini/VIMS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022340","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of Sub-Micron Radiation from the Surface of Venus by Cassini/VIMS","docAbstract":"We report the first detection and profile characterization of thermal emission from the surface of Venus at 0.85 and 0.90 ??m, observed in the first planetary spectrum acquired by the Visual-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft en route to the Saturn system. The strength and shape of these two newly observed nightside emissions agree with theoretical predictions based on the strength of the strong emission observed at 1.01 ??m. These emissions, together with previously-reported surface emission features at 1.01, 1.10, and 1.18 ??m, potentially provide a new technique for remotely mapping the mineralogical composition of the venusian surface. ?? 2000 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.2000.6519","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Bussoletti, E., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Clark, R.N., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D.P., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Mennella, V., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Hansen, G.B., Aiello, J., and Amici, S., 2000, Detection of Sub-Micron Radiation from the Surface of Venus by Cassini/VIMS: Icarus, v. 148, no. 1, p. 307-311, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2000.6519.","startPage":"307","endPage":"311","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206772,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2000.6519"},{"id":230752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff6ce4b0c8380cd4f19d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bibring, J.-P.","contributorId":86083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibring","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bussoletti, E.","contributorId":108277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bussoletti","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Langevin, Y.","contributorId":24900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Matson, D. L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Mennella, V.","contributorId":88522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mennella","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Hansen, G. B.","contributorId":98478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Aiello, J.J.","contributorId":18134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiello","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Amici, S.","contributorId":53119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amici","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25}]}} ,{"id":70022296,"text":"70022296 - 2000 - Geophysical, archaeological and historical evidence support a solar-output model for climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022296","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geophysical, archaeological and historical evidence support a solar-output model for climate change","docAbstract":"Although the processes of climate change are not completely understood, an important causal candidate is variation in total solar output. Reported cycles in various climate-proxy data show a tendency to emulate a fundamental harmonic sequence of a basic solar-cycle length (11 years) multiplied by 2(N) (where N equals a positive or negative integer). A simple additive model for total solar-output variations was developed by superimposing a progression of fundamental harmonic cycles with slightly increasing amplitudes. The timeline of the model was calibrated to the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary at 9,000 years before present. The calibrated model was compared with geophysical, archaeological, and historical evidence of warm or cold climates during the Holocene. The evidence of periods of several centuries of cooler climates worldwide called 'little ice ages,' similar to the period anno Domini (A.D.) 1280-1860 and reoccurring approximately every 1,300 years, corresponds well with fluctuations in modeled solar output. A more detailed examination of the climate sensitive history of the last 1,000 years further supports the model. Extrapolation of the model into the future suggests a gradual cooling during the next few centuries with intermittent minor warmups and a return to near little-ice-age conditions within the next 500 years. This cool period then may be followed approximately 1,500 years from now by a return to altithermal conditions similar to the previous Holocene Maximum.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.230423297","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Perry, C.A., and Hsu, K., 2000, Geophysical, archaeological and historical evidence support a solar-output model for climate change, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 97, no. 23, p. 12433-12438, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.230423297.","startPage":"12433","endPage":"12438","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479172,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":206725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.230423297"},{"id":230639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2883e4b0c8380cd5a197","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, C. A.","contributorId":106149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsu, K.J.","contributorId":16159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsu","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022130,"text":"70022130 - 2000 - Revelations from a single strong-motion record retreived during the 27 June 1998 Adana (Turkey) earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022130","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revelations from a single strong-motion record retreived during the 27 June 1998 Adana (Turkey) earthquake","docAbstract":"During the 27 June 1998 Adana (Turkey) earthquake, only one strong-motion record was retrieved in the region where the most damage occurred. This single record from the station in Ceyhan, approximately 15 km from the epicenter of that earthquake, exhibits characteristics that are related to the dominant frequencies of the ground and structures. The purpose of this paper is to explain the causes of the damage as inferred from both field observations and the characteristics of a single strong-motion record retrieved from the immediate epicentral area. In the town of Ceyhan there was considerable but selective damage to a significant number of mid-rise (7-12 stories high) buildings. The strong-motion record exhibits dominant frequencies that are typically similar for the mid-rise building structures. This is further supported by spectral ratios derived using Nakamura's method [QR of RTRI, 30 (1989) 25] that facilitates computation of a spectral ratio from a single tri-axial record as the ratio of amplitude spectrum of horizontal component to that of the vertical component [R = H(f)/V(f)]. The correlation between the damage and the characteristics exhibited from the single strong-motion record is remarkable. Although deficient construction practices played a significant role in the extent of damage to the mid-rise buildings, it is clear that site resonance also contributed to the detrimental fate of most of the mid-rise buildings. Therefore, even a single record can be useful to explain the effect of site resonance on building response and performance. Such information can be very useful for developing zonation criteria in similar alluvial valleys. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(00)00061-0","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 2000, Revelations from a single strong-motion record retreived during the 27 June 1998 Adana (Turkey) earthquake: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 20, no. 5-8, p. 283-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(00)00061-0.","startPage":"283","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206721,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(00)00061-0"},{"id":230629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac35e4b0c8380cd86bfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022575,"text":"70022575 - 2000 - Predicting the physical effects of relocating Boston's sewage outfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T13:57:16","indexId":"70022575","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the physical effects of relocating Boston's sewage outfall","docAbstract":"Boston is scheduled to cease discharge of sewage effluent in Boston Harbor in Spring 2000 and begin discharge at a site 14 km offshore in Massachusetts Bay in a water depth of about 30 m. The effects of this outfall relocation on effluent dilution, salinity and circulation are predicted with a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The simulations predict that the new bay outfall will greatly decrease effluent concentrations in Boston Harbor (relative to the harbour outfall) and will not significantly change mean effluent concentrations over most of Massachusetts Bay. With the harbour outfall, previous observations and these simulations show that effluent concentrations exceed 0??5% throughout the harbour, with a harbour wide average of 1-2%. With the bay outfall, effluent concentrations exceed 0??5% only within a few km of the new outfall, and harbour concentrations drop to 0??1-0??2%, a 10-fold reduction. During unstratified winter conditions, the local increase in effluent concentration at the bay outfall site is predicted to exist throughout the water column. During stratified summer conditions, however, effluent released at the sea bed rises and is trapped beneath the pycnocline. The local increase in effluent concentration is limited to the lower layer, and as a result, surface layer effluent concentrations in the vicinity of the new outfall site are predicted to decrease (relative to the harbour outfall) during the summer. Slight changes are predicted for the salinity and circulation fields. Removing the fresh water associated with the effluent discharge in Boston Harbor is predicted to increase the mean salinity of the harbour by 0??5 and decrease the mean salinity by 0??10-0??15 within 2-3 km of the outfall. Relative to the existing mean flow, the buoyant discharge at the new outfall is predicted to generate density-driven mean currents of 2-4 cm s-1 that spiral out in a clockwise motion at the surface during winter and at the pycnocline (15-20 m depth) during summer. Compensating counterclockwise currents are predicted to spiral in toward the source at the bottom. Because the scale of the residual current structure induced by the new discharge is comparable to or smaller than typical subtidal water parcel excursions, Lagrangian trajectories will not follow the Eulerian residual flow. Thus, mean currents measured from moorings within 5 km of the bay outfall site will be more useful for model comparison than to indicate net transport pathways.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/ecss.1999.0532","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., Jenter, H., and Blumberg, A., 2000, Predicting the physical effects of relocating Boston's sewage outfall: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 50, no. 1, p. 59-72, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1999.0532.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.04583740234375,\n 42.248851700720955\n ],\n [\n -70.6915283203125,\n 42.248851700720955\n ],\n [\n -70.6915283203125,\n 42.51462626746592\n ],\n [\n -71.04583740234375,\n 42.51462626746592\n ],\n [\n -71.04583740234375,\n 42.248851700720955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81d3e4b0c8380cd7b763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenter, H. L.","contributorId":25167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"H. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blumberg, A.F.","contributorId":44684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumberg","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022131,"text":"70022131 - 2000 - Instruments and methods acoustic televiewer logging in glacier boreholes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022131","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instruments and methods acoustic televiewer logging in glacier boreholes","docAbstract":"The acoustic televiewer is a geophysical logging instrument that is deployed in a water-filled borehole and operated while trolling. It generates a digital, magnetically oriented image of the borehole wall that is developed from the amplitudes and transit times of acoustic waves emitted from the tool and reflected at the water-wall interface. The transit-time data are also converted to radial distances, from which cross-sectional views of the borehole shape can be constructed. Because the televiewer is equipped with both a three-component magnetometer and a two-component inclinometer, the borehole's trajectory in space is continuously recorded as well. This instrument is routinely used in mining and hydrogeologic applications, but in this investigation it was deployed in two boreholes drilled into Upper Fremont Glacier, Wyoming, U.S.A. The acoustic images recorded in this glacial setting are not as clear as those typically obtained in rocks, due to a lower reflection coefficient for water and ice than for water and rock. Results indicate that the depth and orientation of features intersecting the boreholes can be determined, but that interpreting their physical nature is problematic and requires corroborating information from inspection of cores. Nevertheless, these data can provide some insight into englacial structural characteristics. Additional information derived from the cross-sectional geometry of the borehole, as well as from its trajectory, may also be useful in studies concerned with stress patterns and deformation processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00221430","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., Descamps, G., and Cecil, L., 2000, Instruments and methods acoustic televiewer logging in glacier boreholes: Journal of Glaciology, v. 46, no. 155, p. 695-699.","startPage":"695","endPage":"699","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"155","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c4fe4b0c8380cd62c40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Descamps, G.E.","contributorId":76493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Descamps","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cecil, L.D.","contributorId":62616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022132,"text":"70022132 - 2000 - Biotic and abiotic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in wetland sediments: Geochemical and microbial community analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022132","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Biotic and abiotic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in wetland sediments: Geochemical and microbial community analyses","docAbstract":"Additional microcosm experiments with the wetland sediment and groundwater at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, site was presented to assist in elucidating the conditions under which these potentially competing biotic and abiotic degradation reactions for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (PCA) occur in the environment and to evaluate potential seasonal changes in degradation reactions. PCA concentration decreased to below detection within 21 days in the March 1999 experiment, while PCA was still present at day 35 in the July 1999 experiment. Compared to March 1999 experiment, peak concentrations of all daughter products except trichloroethylene (TCE) were delayed in the July 1999 experiment. The relative intensity of the peaks was directly related to the biomass present for each fragment length (bp, base pair). The relative intensities were lower in sediment collected in August 1999 than in March 1999, especially in the bp size range of ??? 160??-240??. These microbial community analyses, along with the geochemical analyses of the microcosms, provide evidence that abiotic production of TCE from PCA degradation is more significant under conditions of low bacterial biomass in the wetland sediments.","largerWorkTitle":"ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts","conferenceTitle":"220th ACS National Meeting","conferenceDate":"20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Wastington, DC","language":"English","issn":"00657727","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M., Voytek, M., and Kirshtein, J., 2000, Biotic and abiotic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in wetland sediments: Geochemical and microbial community analyses, in ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts, v. 40, no. 2, Wastington, DC, 20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000, p. 332-334.","startPage":"332","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a0e4b0c8380cd4ad4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, M.M.","contributorId":29002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirshtein, J.","contributorId":56825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022134,"text":"70022134 - 2000 - 15N NMR study of nitrate ion structure and dynamics in hydrotalcite-like compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022134","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"15N NMR study of nitrate ion structure and dynamics in hydrotalcite-like compounds","docAbstract":"We report here the first nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic study of the dynamical and structural behavior of nitrate on the surface and in the interlayer of hydrotalcite-like compounds (15NO3--HT). Spectroscopically resolvable surface-absorbed and interlayer NO3- have dramatically different dynamical characteristics. The interlayer nitrate shows a well defined, temperature independent uniaxial chemical shift anisotropy (CS A) powder pattern. It is rigidly held or perhaps undergoes rotation about its threefold axis at all temperatures between -100 ??C and +80 ??C and relative humidities (R.H.) from 0 to 100% at room temperature. For surface nitrate, however, the dynamical behavior depends substantially on temperature and relative humidity. Analysis of the temperature and R.H. dependences of the peak width yields reorieritational frequencies which increase from essentially 0 at -100 ??C to 2.6 ?? 105 Hz at 60 ??C and an activation energy of 12.6 kJ/mol. For example, for samples at R.H. = 33%, the surface nitrate is isotropically mobile at frequencies greater than 105 Hz at room temperature, but it becomes rigid or only rotates on its threefold axis at -100 ??C. For dry samples and samples heated at 200 ??C (R.H. near 0%), the surface nitrate is not isotropically averaged at room temperature. In contrast to our previous results for 35Cl--containing hydrotalcite (35Cl--HT), no NMR detectable structural phase transition is observed for 15NO3--HT. The mobility of interlayer nitrate in HT is intermediate between that of carbonate and chloride.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Hou, X., James, K.R., Yu, P., Moore, D., and Kim, Y., 2000, 15N NMR study of nitrate ion structure and dynamics in hydrotalcite-like compounds: American Mineralogist, v. 85, no. 1, p. 173-180.","startPage":"173","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e227e4b0c8380cd459db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hou, X.","contributorId":57237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hou","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, Kirkpatrick R.","contributorId":107058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Kirkpatrick","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yu, P.","contributorId":80849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, D.","contributorId":105307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kim, Y.","contributorId":38314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022135,"text":"70022135 - 2000 - Richness and diversity of helminth communities in tropical freshwater fishes: Empirical evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022135","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Richness and diversity of helminth communities in tropical freshwater fishes: Empirical evidence","docAbstract":"Aim: Published information on the richness and diversity of helminth parasite communities in tropical freshwater fishes is reviewed in response to expectations of species-rich parasite communities in tropical regions. Location: Areas covered include the tropics and some subtropical areas. In addition, the north temperate area of the nearctic zone is included for comparison. Methods: Data from 159 communities in 118 species of tropical freshwater fish, summarized from 46 published studies, were used for this review. Parasite community descriptors used in the analyses included component community richness and calculated mean species richness. Data from 130 communities in 47 species of nearctic north temperate freshwater fish were summarized from 31 studies and used for comparison. Results: The component helminth communities of many tropical freshwater fish are species-poor, and considerable proportions of fish from certain parts of the tropics, e.g. West African drainages, are uninfected or lightly infected. Mean helminth species richness was low and equaled or exceeded 2.0 in only 22 of 114 communities. No single group of helminths was identified as a dominant component of the fauna and species composition was variable among and within broader geographical areas. The richest enteric helminth assemblages were found in mochokid and clariid catfish with a mixed carnivorous diet, whereas algal feeders, herbivores and detritivores generally had species-poor gut helminth communities. Comparisons indicated that certain areas in the north temperate region had higher helminth species richness in fishes than areas in the tropics. Main conclusions: Expectations of high species richness in helminth communities of tropical freshwater fishes are not fulfilled by the data. Direct comparisons of infracommunities and component communities in host species across widely separated phylogenetic and geographical lines are inappropriate. Examination of latitudinal differences in richness of monophyletic parasite groups or of compound communities may uncover patterns different from those found in this study. Richness of helminth communities may be ultimately determined not by the number of host species present but by the degree of divergence of host lineages and by their diversification modes. A phylogenetic framework for hosts and parasites will reveal if increased host species richness within host clades, when host speciation is accompanied by habitat or diet specialization, or both, leads to lower helminth diversity in host species by fragmentation of a core helminth fauna characteristic or specific of the larger host clade. This pattern may be analysed in the context of cospeciation and acquisition from other unrelated hosts (host-sharing or host-switching).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00450.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Choudhury, A., and Dick, T., 2000, Richness and diversity of helminth communities in tropical freshwater fishes: Empirical evidence: Journal of Biogeography, v. 27, no. 4, p. 935-956, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00450.x.","startPage":"935","endPage":"956","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206743,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00450.x"},{"id":230701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad57e4b0c8380cd86eae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choudhury, A. 0000-0001-7553-4179","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7553-4179","contributorId":50873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choudhury","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dick, T.A.","contributorId":32702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dick","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162416,"text":"70162416 - 2000 - Florida manatee now resident in the Bahamas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-12T15:03:11.967229","indexId":"70162416","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5044,"text":"Sirenews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Florida manatee now resident in the Bahamas","docAbstract":"In January 2000, both the Bahamas National Trust and the Save the Manatee Club received reports of a manatee at Bullocks Harbor, Great Harbour Cay, Bahamas. Under permit with the Bahamas’ Department of Fisheries, I visited Great Harbour Cay from 25 to 27 February 2000 to make a field assessment of the manatee, interview local residents, and provide management recommendations. Detailed below are findings from this trip and a review of this individual’s interesting history.
","language":"English","publisher":"Clearwater Marine Aquarium","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Reid, J.P., 2000, Florida manatee now resident in the Bahamas: Sirenews, v. 33, p. 7-8.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314718,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://mission.cmaquarium.org/research-institute/manatee-research/sirenews/"}],"country":"Bahamas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.2333984375,\n 26.82407078047018\n ],\n [\n -78.782958984375,\n 24.41714202537204\n ],\n [\n -77.6513671875,\n 23.28171917560002\n ],\n [\n -73.992919921875,\n 21.94304553343818\n ],\n [\n -72.39990234375,\n 22.268764039073968\n ],\n [\n -73.58642578125,\n 23.33216830631147\n ],\n [\n -74.212646484375,\n 24.256981315882488\n ],\n [\n -76.607666015625,\n 25.78999956287362\n ],\n [\n -76.75048828125,\n 26.765230565697482\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 27.176469131898898\n ],\n [\n -79.2333984375,\n 26.82407078047018\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57651f34e4b07657d19c789e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, James P. 0000-0002-8497-1132 jreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":3460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"James","email":"jreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022697,"text":"70022697 - 2000 - Predicting and downscaling ENSO impacts on intraseasonal precipitation statistics in California: The 1997/98 event","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T17:55:20.87691","indexId":"70022697","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting and downscaling ENSO impacts on intraseasonal precipitation statistics in California: The 1997/98 event","docAbstract":"Three long-range forecasting methods have been evaluated for prediction and downscaling of seasonal and intraseasonal precipitation statistics in California. Full-statistical, hybrid-dynamical–statistical and full-dynamical approaches have been used to forecast El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)–related total precipitation, daily precipitation frequency, and average intensity anomalies during the January–March season. For El Niño winters, the hybrid approach emerges as the best performer, while La Niña forecasting skill is poor. The full-statistical forecasting method features reasonable forecasting skill for both La Niña and El Niño winters. The performance of the full-dynamical approach could not be evaluated as rigorously as that of the other two forecasting schemes. Although the full-dynamical forecasting approach is expected to outperform simpler forecasting schemes in the long run, evidence is presented to conclude that, at present, the full-dynamical forecasting approach is the least viable of the three, at least in California. The authors suggest that operational forecasting of any intraseasonal temperature, precipitation, or streamflow statistic derivable from the available records is possible now for ENSO-extreme years.
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