Implementation of advanced wastewater treatment at the two municipal wastewater-treatment plants for Indianapolis, Indiana, resulted in substantial improvement in the quality of the receiving stream and significant changes in the benthic-invertebrate community. Diversity, similarity, and biotic indices were compared to determine which indices best reflected changes in the composition of the biota in the river. None of the indices perfectly reflected the changes in river quality or community structure. Similarity indices, especially percentage similarity, exhibit the most promise of the three classes of indices. Diversity indices were least useful, wrongly indicating that water quality deteriorated after the upgrade of the wastewater-treatment plants. The most descriptive tool in analyzing the data was the percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa present. Using a mixture of indices and other analytical tools, such as EPT, in the analysis of biological data will ensure the most effective investigations of water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010129","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Lydy, M., Crawford, C.G., and Frey, J., 2000, A comparison of selected diversity, similarity, and biotic indices for detecting changes in benthic-invertebrate community structure and stream quality: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 39, no. 4, p. 469-479, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010129.","startPage":"469","endPage":"479","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206604,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010129"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e372e4b0c8380cd4601e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lydy, M.J.","contributorId":77920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lydy","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frey, J.W.","contributorId":79136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022196,"text":"70022196 - 2000 - The origin and development of plains-type folds during the cretaceous in Central and western Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T19:09:59","indexId":"70022196","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3550,"text":"The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon","printIssn":"0894-802X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The origin and development of plains-type folds during the cretaceous in Central and western Kansas","docAbstract":"Kansas is part of the Central Stable Region of North America. Structural movement on this part of the craton has been mainly the result of tectonism in nearby areas. Response to the outside tectonic forces, transmitted through the rigid Precambrian basement, has been vertical adjustment. Differential movement along an indigenous fault/fracture pattern in the basement created displaced blocks over which the later sediments were draped by differential compaction. After initial formation of this structural regimen in late Mississippian-early Pennsylvanian time, continued movement of the basement blocks gave rise to the plains-type folds so prevalent in the U.S. Midcontinent. The incremental movement continues through the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary until today. This paper demonstrates the Cretaceous development of some of these structures in central and western Kansas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Compass","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0894802X","usgsCitation":"Merriam, D.F., and Forster, A., 2000, The origin and development of plains-type folds during the cretaceous in Central and western Kansas: The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, v. 75, no. 2-3, p. 45-56.","startPage":"45","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae5ee4b08c986b324049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forster, A.","contributorId":14580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forster","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022127,"text":"70022127 - 2000 - System of gigantic valleys northwest of Tharsis, Mars: Latent catastrophic flooding, northwest watershed, and implications for northern plains ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022127","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"System of gigantic valleys northwest of Tharsis, Mars: Latent catastrophic flooding, northwest watershed, and implications for northern plains ocean","docAbstract":"Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) reveals a system of gigantic valleys to the northwest of the huge martian shield volcano, Arsia Mons, in the western hemisphere of Mars. These newly identified northwestern slope valleys (NSVs) potentially signify previously undocumented martian catastrophic floods and may corroborate the northern ocean hypotheses. These features, which generally correspond spatially to gravity lows, were previously obscurred in Mariner and Viking Orbiter imagery by veneers of materials, including volcanic lava flows and air fall deposits. Geologic investigations of the Tharsis region suggest that the NSVs were mainly carved prior to the construction of Arsia Mons and its associated Late Hesperian and Amazonian age lava flows, concurrent with the early development of the outflow channels that debouch into Chryse Planitia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL011728","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Dohm, J.M., Anderson, R.C., Baker, V., Ferris, J., Hare, T., Strom, R., Rudd, L.P., Rice, J.W., Casavant, R., and Scott, D.H., 2000, System of gigantic valleys northwest of Tharsis, Mars: Latent catastrophic flooding, northwest watershed, and implications for northern plains ocean: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 21, p. 3559-3562, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011728.","startPage":"3559","endPage":"3562","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487331,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011728","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206704,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011728"}],"volume":"27","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba368e4b08c986b31fcbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dohm, J. 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C.","contributorId":9755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, V.R.","contributorId":47079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferris, J.C.","contributorId":13731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hare, T.M. 0000-0001-8842-389X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":43828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Strom, R.G.","contributorId":45744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rudd, L. P.","contributorId":78446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudd","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rice, J. W. Jr.","contributorId":53040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Casavant, R.R.","contributorId":97668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casavant","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Scott, D. H.","contributorId":73565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70022463,"text":"70022463 - 2000 - Does Ferocactus wislizeni (Cactaceae) have a between-year seed bank?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70022463","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does Ferocactus wislizeni (Cactaceae) have a between-year seed bank?","docAbstract":"Field and laboratory experiments at Tumamoc Hill, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A., demonstrated that Ferocactus wislizeni, a common perennial cactus in the northern Sonoran Desert, has a between-year seed bank. In laboratory studies, F. wislizeni seeds lost dormancy during storage at room temperature and had a light requirement for germination. Field experiments suggested that as much as 2% of the annual seed crop might escape post-dispersal predation even when unprotected; where suitable safe sites exist, a higher percentage might escape. Germination of seed recovered monthly from above- and below-ground components of an artificial seed bank showed that seeds can survive at least 18 months in and on the soil. Seed banks enable F. wislizeni to take advantage of favorable rains and temperatures throughout the growing season, thus increasing the number of opportunities for germination. Moreover, seed banks enable F. wislizeni to respond hugely when the climate seems especially favorable, thus producing the large cohorts necessary to compensate for high seedling mortality. (C) 2000 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jare.2000.0642","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Bowers, J.E., 2000, Does Ferocactus wislizeni (Cactaceae) have a between-year seed bank?: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 45, no. 3, p. 197-205, https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2000.0642.","startPage":"197","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206615,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2000.0642"},{"id":230386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0388e4b0c8380cd5050a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, Janice E.","contributorId":18119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180106,"text":"70180106 - 2000 - Jacksmelt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:43:20","indexId":"70180106","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Jacksmelt","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco Bay area wetlands ecosystem goals project","publisherLocation":"Oakland, CA","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., 2000, Jacksmelt, p. 113-115.","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"113","endPage":"115","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588876dee4b05ccb964bab1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, M. K.","contributorId":28917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022101,"text":"70022101 - 2000 - Younger Dryas interval and outflow from the Laurentide ice sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T14:14:56.876178","indexId":"70022101","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Younger Dryas interval and outflow from the Laurentide ice sheet","docAbstract":"A boxmodel of the Great Lakes is used to estimate meltwater flow into the North Atlantic between 8000 and 14,000 calendar years B.P. Controls on the model include the oxygen isotopic composition of meltwaters and lake waters as measured in the shells of ostracodes. Outflow rates are highest when oxygen isotopic values of the lake waters are most negative, denoting a maximum glacial meltwater component. Flow rates reach maximum values before the onset of the Younger Dryas and after it ends. These maxima appear to be correlative with the major meltwater pulses MWP 1A and 1B. Although the resumption of North Atlantic Deep Water formation may be tied to the reduction in ice sheet melting, neither the onset nor the end of the Younger Dryas, as recorded in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP2) records, appear tied to maxima in meltwater outflow from the Laurentide ice sheet.
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Jr.","contributorId":83692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, J.C.G.","contributorId":35499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"J.C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rea, David K.","contributorId":26823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rea","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7007,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":392362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, C.F.M.","contributorId":39971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"C.F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shane, L.C.K.","contributorId":45482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shane","given":"L.C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, A. J.","contributorId":67040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022069,"text":"70022069 - 2000 - Characterization of active faulting beneath the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:52","indexId":"70022069","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of active faulting beneath the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia","docAbstract":"Southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington State are subject to megathrust earthquakes, deep intraslab events, and earthquakes in the continental crust. Of the three types of earthquakes, the most poorly understood are the crustal events. Despite a high level of seismicity, there is no obvious correlation between the historical crustal earthquakes and the mapped surface faults of the region. On 24 June 1997, a ML = 4.6 earthquake occurred 3-4 km beneath the Strait of Georgia, 30 km to the west of Vancouver, British Columbia. This well-recorded earthquake was preceded by 11 days by a felt foreshock (ML = 3.4) and was followed by numerous small aftershocks. This earthquake sequence occurred in one of the few regions of persistent shallow seismic activity in southwestern British Columbia, thus providing an ideal opportunity to attempt to characterize an active near-surface fault. We have computed focal mechanisms and utilized a waveform cross-correlation and joint hypocentral determination routine to obtain accurate relative hypocenters of the mainshock, foreshock, and 53 small aftershocks in an attempt to image the active fault and the extent of rupture associated with this earthquake sequence. Both P-nodal and CMT focal mechanisms show thrust faulting for the mainshock and the foreshock. The relocated hypocenters delineate a north-dipping plane at 2-4 km depth, dipping at 53??, in good agreement with the focal mechanism nodal plane dipping to the north at 47??. The rupture area is estimated to be a 1.3-km-diameter circular area, comparable to that estimated using a Brune rupture model with the estimated seismic moment of 3.17 ?? 1015 N m and the stress drop of 45 bars. The temporal sequence indicates a downdip migration of the seismicity along the fault plane. The results of this study provide the first unambiguous evidence for the orientation and sense of motion for active faulting in the Georgia Strait area of British Columbia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000044","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Cassidy, J., Rogers, G., and Waldhauser, F., 2000, Characterization of active faulting beneath the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 5, p. 1188-1199, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000044.","startPage":"1188","endPage":"1199","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479329,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.462.1957","text":"External Repository"},{"id":206577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000044"},{"id":230280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4c0e4b0c8380cd4beb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cassidy, J.F.","contributorId":18927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cassidy","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Gary C.","contributorId":41980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Gary C.","affiliations":[{"id":13092,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":392244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waldhauser, F.","contributorId":31897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhauser","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180107,"text":"70180107 - 2000 - Topsmelt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:46:20","indexId":"70180107","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Topsmelt","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Baylands ecosystem species and community profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of key plants, fish and wildlife","language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco Bay area wetlands ecosystem goals project","publisherLocation":"Oakland, CA","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., 2000, Topsmelt, chap. of Baylands ecosystem species and community profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of key plants, fish and wildlife, p. 115-118.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"115","endPage":"118","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588876dee4b05ccb964bab1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, M. K.","contributorId":28917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022126,"text":"70022126 - 2000 - USGS research on three mid-latitude glaciers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022126","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS research on three mid-latitude glaciers","docAbstract":"Low- and mid-latitude regions of the earth are home to 80 to 90 percent of the world's population. Because of this, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting a research program to study the geochemistry of precipitation, snow, ice, and runoff samples from mid-latitude glaciers in Kyrghyzstan, Nepal, and the United States, Areas of research, such as ground-water studies, reconstructing paleoclimate records, describing anthropogenic input of chemicals to the environment, and modeling global climate, are important to the well being of the worlds' population and can be supplemented by the collection and chemical analysis of snow and ice cores. Nearly all the constituents that compose snow and ice-core samples contribute vital information, whether it be the microbial communities that flourish in snow, radionuclides present in various amounts in all the samples, or location-specific deposits of mercury and nitrate. This work is hastened by the fact that mid-latitude glaciers, and the information preserved in them, are rapidly disappearing as a result of global warming. Research collaboration for this project includes 12 national and 7 international universities, and 4 government agencies. Funding is provided by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the USGS.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference","conferenceTitle":"68th Annual Meeting Western Snow Conference","conferenceDate":"18 April 2000 through 20 April 2000","conferenceLocation":"Port Angeles, WA","language":"English","issn":"01610589","usgsCitation":"Green, J., Cecil, L., Naftz, D.L., and Schuster, P., 2000, USGS research on three mid-latitude glaciers, in Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference, Port Angeles, WA, 18 April 2000 through 20 April 2000, p. 49-56.","startPage":"49","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbdee4b08c986b3288a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, J.R.","contributorId":31146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cecil, L. DeWayne","contributorId":66856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L. DeWayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schuster, P. F.","contributorId":30197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022482,"text":"70022482 - 2000 - Carbonate ions and arsenic dissolution by groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022482","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbonate ions and arsenic dissolution by groundwater","docAbstract":"Samples of Marshall Sandstone, a major source of groundwater with elevated arsenic levels in southeast Michigan, were exposed to bicarbonate ion under controlled chemical conditions. In particular, effects of pH and redox conditions on arsenic release were evaluated. The release of arsenic from the aquifer rock was strongly related to the bicarbonate concentration in the leaching solution. The results obtained suggest that the carbonation of arsenic sulfide minerals, including orpiment (As2S3) and realgar (As2S2), is an important process in leaching arsenic into groundwater under anaerobic conditions. The arseno-carbonate complexes formed, believed to be As(CO3)2-, As(CO3)(OH)2-, and AsCO3+, are stable in groundwater. The reaction of ferrous ion with the thioarsenite from carbonation process can result in the formation of arsenopyrite which is a common mineral in arsenic-rich aquifers.Samples of Marshall Sandstone, a major source of groundwater with elevated arsenic levels in southeast Michigan, were exposed to bicarbonate ion under controlled chemical conditions. In particular, effects of pH and redox conditions on arsenic release were evaluated. The release of arsenic from the aquifer rock was strongly related to the bicarbonate concentration in the leaching solution. The results obtained suggest that the carbonation of arsenic sulfide minerals, including orpiment (As2S3) and realgar (As2S2), is an important process in leaching arsenic into groundwater under anaerobic conditions. The arseno-carbonate complexes formed, believed to be As(CO3)2-, As(CO3)(OH)2-, and AsCO3+, are stable in groundwater. The reaction of ferrous ion with the thioarsenite from carbonation process can result in the formation of arsenopyrite which is a common mineral in arsenic-rich aquifers.The role of bicarbonate in leaching arsenic into groundwater was investigated by conducting batch experiments using core samples of Marshall Sandstone from southeast Michigan and different bicarbonate solutions. The effects of pH and redox conditions on As dissolution were examined. Results showed that As was not leached significantly out of the Marshall Sandstone samples after 3 d using either deionized water or groundwater, but As was leached efficiently by sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and ferric chloride solutions. The leaching rate with sodium bicarbonate was about 25% higher than that with potassium bicarbonate. The data indicated that bicarbonate ion was involved primarily in As dissolution and that hydroxyl radical ion did not affect As dissolution to any significant degree. The amount of As leached was dependent upon the sodium bicarbonate concentration, increasing with reaction time for each concentration. Significant As leaching was found in the extreme pH ranges of <1.9 and 8.0-10.4. The resulting arseno-carbonate complexes formed were stable in groundwater.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","doi":"10.1021/es990949p","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kim, M., Nriagu, J., and Haack, S., 2000, Carbonate ions and arsenic dissolution by groundwater: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 15, p. 3094-3100, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990949p.","startPage":"3094","endPage":"3100","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206715,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es990949p"},{"id":230615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f36fe4b0c8380cd4b7f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, M.-J.","contributorId":12229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"M.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nriagu, J.","contributorId":13399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nriagu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haack, S.","contributorId":66878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180096,"text":"70180096 - 2000 - Ergosterol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:00:07","indexId":"70180096","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ergosterol","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of plant pathology","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, R.J., and Parks, L., 2000, Ergosterol, chap. of Encyclopedia of plant pathology, p. 23-25.","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"23","endPage":"25","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588876dfe4b05ccb964bab2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parks, L.W.","contributorId":178661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parks","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022479,"text":"70022479 - 2000 - Assessing land-use impacts on biodiversity using an expert systems tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022479","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing land-use impacts on biodiversity using an expert systems tool","docAbstract":"Habitat alteration, in the form of land-use development, is a leading cause of biodiversity loss in the U.S. and elsewhere. Although statutes in the U.S. may require consideration of biodiversity in local land-use planning and regulation, local governments lack the data, resources, and expertise to routinely consider biotic impacts that result from permitted land uses. We hypothesized that decision support systems could aid solution of this problem. We developed a pilot biodiversity expert systems tool (BEST) to test that hypothesis and learn what additional scientific and technological advancements are required for broad implementation of such a system. BEST uses data from the U.S. Geological Survey's Gap Analysis Program (GAP) and other data in a desktop GIS environment. The system provides predictions of conflict between proposed land uses and biotic elements and is intended for use at the start of the development review process. Key challenges were the development of categorization systems that relate named land-use types to ecological impacts, and relate sensitivities of biota to ecological impact levels. Although the advent of GAP and sophisticated desktop GIS make such a system feasible for broad implementation, considerable ongoing research is required to make the results of such a system scientifically sound, informative, and reliable for the regulatory process. We define a role for local government involvement in biodiversity impact assessment, the need for a biodiversity decision support system, the development of a prototype system, and scientific needs for broad implementation of a robust and reliable system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1008117427864","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Crist, P., Kohley, T., and Oakleaf, J., 2000, Assessing land-use impacts on biodiversity using an expert systems tool: Landscape Ecology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 47-62, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008117427864.","startPage":"47","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206697,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008117427864"},{"id":230576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd9e4b0c8380cd49a51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crist, P.J.","contributorId":14144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crist","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kohley, T.W.","contributorId":91654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohley","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oakleaf, J.","contributorId":103439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakleaf","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033640,"text":"70033640 - 2000 - Sea-cliff erosion at Pacifica, California, caused by 1997-98 El Niño storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T14:37:26.48519","indexId":"70033640","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sea-cliff erosion at Pacifica, California, caused by 1997-98 El Niño storms","docAbstract":"Twelve homes were constructed in 1949 at the top of a sea cliff along Esplanade Drive in the City of Pacifica, located on the northern coast of San Mateo County, California. The rear yards of those properties were bounded by an approximately 20-meter (70-foot) high cliff that has retreated episodically at an average rate of 0.5 to 0.6 meter (1.5 to 2 feet) per year over the past 146 years. During the heavy storms of the 1997/1998 El Niño winter, a severe episode of cliff retreat undermined seven homes and threatened three others. All ten homes were condemned and demolished by the City of Pacifica. In this study we analyze geologic, tide, wave, rainfall and wind data in an attempt to determine the causes of this most recent erosion event. We identify the following possible contributory causes of the cliff retreat: 1) wave-induced undercutting of the cliff landward of an old revetment, 2) reduction in beach width over time, 3) reduction in cliff-face stability owing to infiltration from heavy rains, 4) erosion of the cliff face by groundwater piping, and 5) wind-induced erosion of loose dune sand at the top of the cliff. While these factors may explain the retreat of the cliff below the twelve homes along Esplanade Drive, the question remains as to why other geologically similar sites in the region were not severely eroded during the 1997/1998 El Niño winter.
","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of sessions of Geo-Denver 2000 - Slope stability 2000","conferenceTitle":"Geo-Denver 2000 - Slope Stability 2000","conferenceDate":"August 5-8, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/40512(289)22","usgsCitation":"Snell, C.B., Lajoie, K.R., and Medley, E.W., 2000, Sea-cliff erosion at Pacifica, California, caused by 1997-98 El Niño storms, in Proceedings of sessions of Geo-Denver 2000 - Slope stability 2000, v. 289, Denver, CO, August 5-8, 2000, p. 294-308, https://doi.org/10.1061/40512(289)22.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"308","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Pacifica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4738121168885,\n 37.65313201430365\n ],\n [\n -122.53418391325224,\n 37.65313201430365\n ],\n [\n -122.53418391325224,\n 37.57588010005361\n ],\n [\n -122.4738121168885,\n 37.57588010005361\n ],\n [\n -122.4738121168885,\n 37.65313201430365\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"289","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8802e4b08c986b316776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snell, Charles B.","contributorId":16606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snell","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lajoie, Kenneth R.","contributorId":18057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lajoie","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Medley, Edward W.","contributorId":35900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medley","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022481,"text":"70022481 - 2000 - Stanford-USGS shrimp-RG ion microprobe: A new approach to determining the distribution of trace elements in coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022481","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":611,"text":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stanford-USGS shrimp-RG ion microprobe: A new approach to determining the distribution of trace elements in coal","docAbstract":"The distribution of Cr and other trace metals of environmental interest in a range of widely used U.S. coals was investigated using the Stanford-USGS SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe . Using the oxygen ion source, concentrations of Cr (11 to 176 ppm), V (23 to 248 ppm), Mn (2 to 149 ppm), Ni (2 to 30 ppm), and 13 other elements were determined in illite/smectite, a group of clay minerals commonly present in coal. The results confirm previous indirect or semi-quantitative determinations indicating illite/smectite to be an important host of these metals. Calibration was achieved using doped aluminosilicate-glass synthetic standards and glasses prepared from USGS rock standards. Grains for analysis were identified optically, and confirmed by 1) precursory electron microprobe analysis and wavelength-dispersive compositional mapping, and 2) SHRIMP-RG major element data obtained concurrently with trace element results. Follow-up investigations will focus on the distribution of As and other elements that are more effectively ionized with the cesium primary beam currently being tested.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"05693772","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Wooden, J.L., Persing, H., and Zielinski, R.A., 2000, Stanford-USGS shrimp-RG ion microprobe: A new approach to determining the distribution of trace elements in coal: ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints, v. 45, no. 3, p. 542-546.","startPage":"542","endPage":"546","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96bee4b08c986b31b6b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Persing, H.M.","contributorId":108275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persing","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30555,"text":"wri014007 - 2000 - Simulations of flooding on Tchoutacabouffa River at State Highways 15 and 67 at D'Iberville, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T18:31:55.160531","indexId":"wri014007","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4007","title":"Simulations of flooding on Tchoutacabouffa River at State Highways 15 and 67 at D'Iberville, Mississippi","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional finite-element surface-water model was used to simulate the effects of the proposed State Highways 15 and 67 relocation on water-surface elevations and flow distributions for the 100-year flood on the Tchoutacabouffa River at D'Iberville, Mississippi. The Mississippi Department of Transportation plans to relocate State Highways 15 and 67 by removing a portion of the existing four-lane highway and constructing a four-lane facility upstream of the existing alignment. The proposed alignment is located on the northern floodplain and will tie into the existing highway about 1,000 feet north of the dual State Highways 15 and 67 bridges. The proposed alignment will intercept flows that cross the existing highway during large floods. Seven scenarios were simulated for the 100-year flood, including four proposed alternative configurations for drainage structures. The model grid was developed by using surveyed floodplain cross sections and channel bathymetry data obtained by using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, in combination with a global positioning system. The model was calibrated and verified by using surveyed flood profiles through the study reach and flood discharge measurements obtained at the State Highways 15 and 67 crossing. Model parameters were adjusted so that the computed water-surface profiles agreed closely with the surveyed flood profiles. Computed water-surface differentials across the proposed alignment near the northern edge of the floodplain for the four alternatives proposed by the Mississippi Department of Transportation ranged from 1.4 to 2.6 feet. Much lower differentials were computed in the vicinity of the main-channel bridge. The computed water-surface elevation at McCully Drive, upstream of the proposed alignment, was 17.3 feet for existing conditions. Computed water-surface elevations at McCully Drive for the proposed alternatives ranged from 17.3 to 17.8 feet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Winters, K.E., 2000, Simulations of flooding on Tchoutacabouffa River at State Highways 15 and 67 at D'Iberville, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4007, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014007.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":400107,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34904.htm"},{"id":401772,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","city":"D'Iberville","otherGeospatial":"Tchoutacabouffa River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.92419815063477,\n 30.454149023624225\n ],\n [\n -88.89003753662108,\n 30.454149023624225\n ],\n [\n -88.89003753662108,\n 30.476491157902103\n ],\n [\n -88.92419815063477,\n 30.476491157902103\n ],\n [\n -88.92419815063477,\n 30.454149023624225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3fe7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, Karl E. kwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":3554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"Karl","email":"kwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":203448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022063,"text":"70022063 - 2000 - Hydrological responses to dynamically and statistically downscaled climate model output","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022063","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological responses to dynamically and statistically downscaled climate model output","docAbstract":"Daily rainfall and surface temperature series were simulated for the Animas River basin, Colorado using dynamically and statistically downscaled output from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) re-analysis. A distributed hydrological model was then applied to the downscaled data. Relative to raw NCEP output, downscaled climate variables provided more realistic stimulations of basin scale hydrology. However, the results highlight the sensitivity of modeled processes to the choice of downscaling technique, and point to the need for caution when interpreting future hydrological scenarios.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1999GL006078","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Wilby, R., Hay, L., Gutowski, W., Arritt, R., Takle, E., Pan, Z., Leavesley, G., and Clark, M., 2000, Hydrological responses to dynamically and statistically downscaled climate model output: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1199-1202, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL006078.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1202","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489175,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1129&context=ge_at_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206812,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL006078"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36b0e4b0c8380cd6090b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilby, R.L.","contributorId":96043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilby","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gutowski, W.J. Jr.","contributorId":48344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutowski","given":"W.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arritt, R.W.","contributorId":39544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arritt","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takle, E.S.","contributorId":7033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takle","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pan, Z.","contributorId":13006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70022060,"text":"70022060 - 2000 - Seismic anisotropy of the shallow crust at the Juan de Fuca Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T18:28:05.770121","indexId":"70022060","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic anisotropy of the shallow crust at the Juan de Fuca Ridge","docAbstract":"Microearthquake data recorded on four ocean bottom seismometers are used to study shear-wave splitting on the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The covariance matrix decomposition method is used to determine the sensor orientation from explosive shot data and to estimate the anisotropy parameters for 238 earthquake records. At three of the four sites, the results show a remarkably consistent fast direction parallel to the ridge axis. The time delays between the fast and the slow waves range from 40 to 200 ms, with an average of 90 ms. They are not clearly related to earthquake range, focal depth or source-receiver azimuth. The splitting of the shear waves is interpreted as an effect of structural anisotropy due to the presence of ridge-parallel cracks in the shallow crust. If we assume that anisotropy is concentrated in the upper 1-2 km, the splitting times require a high crack density of ~0.1.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000GL011535","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., Barclay, A., Wilcock, W., and Purdy, G., 2000, Seismic anisotropy of the shallow crust at the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 19, p. 3109-3112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011535.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3109","endPage":"3112","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10481/96142","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Juan de Fuca Ridge, Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -132.5830078125,\n 52.50953477032727\n ],\n [\n -140.888671875,\n 52.05249047600099\n ],\n [\n -133.06640625,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -132.4951171875,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 46.830133640447386\n ],\n [\n -125.2880859375,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -132.5830078125,\n 52.50953477032727\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8af4e4b08c986b3174bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barclay, A.H.","contributorId":45481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barclay","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcock, W.S.D.","contributorId":88523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcock","given":"W.S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Purdy, G.M.","contributorId":95226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purdy","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022061,"text":"70022061 - 2000 - African dust and the demise of Caribbean coral reefs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T18:40:32.723567","indexId":"70022061","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"African dust and the demise of Caribbean coral reefs","docAbstract":"The vitality of Caribbean coral reefs has undergone a continual state of decline since the late 1970s, a period of time coincidental with large increases in transatlantic dust transport. It is proposed that the hundreds of millions of tons/year of soil dust that have been crossing the Atlantic during the last 25 years could be a significant contributor to coral reef decline and may be affecting other ecosystems. Benchmark events, such as near synchronous Caribbean-wide mortalities of acroporid corals and the urchin Diadema in 1983, and coral bleaching beginning in 1987, correlate with the years of maximum dust flux into the Caribbean. Besides crustal elements, in particular Fe, Si, and aluminosilicate clays, the dust can serve as a substrate for numerous species of viable spores, especially the soil fungus Aspergillus. Aspergillus sydowii, the cause of an ongoing Caribbean-wide seafan disease, has been cultured from Caribbean air samples and used to inoculate sea fans.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000GL011599","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Shinn, E., Smith, G., Prospero, J., Betzer, P., Hayes, M., Garrison, V., and Barber, R., 2000, African dust and the demise of Caribbean coral reefs: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 19, p. 3029-3032, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011599.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3029","endPage":"3032","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Sahara Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.34374999999999,\n 7.885147283424331\n ],\n [\n -72.7734375,\n 11.005904459659451\n ],\n [\n -73.125,\n 9.622414142924805\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 8.494104537551882\n ],\n [\n -69.60937499999999,\n 10.919617760254697\n ],\n [\n -68.37890625,\n 9.88227549342994\n ],\n [\n -65.0390625,\n 10.31491928581316\n ],\n [\n -15.8203125,\n 13.410994034321702\n ],\n [\n 8.7890625,\n 13.752724664396988\n ],\n [\n 18.720703125,\n 13.66733825965496\n ],\n [\n 24.873046874999996,\n 13.410994034321702\n ],\n [\n 32.255859375,\n 14.00869637063467\n ],\n [\n 36.826171875,\n 16.88865978738161\n ],\n [\n 30.41015625,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n 20.91796875,\n 32.175612478499325\n ],\n [\n 21.09375,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n 18.896484375,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n 13.974609375,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n 8.0859375,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n 6.15234375,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n 5.009765625,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n 4.130859375,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n 1.7578125,\n 34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n 1.7578125,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -1.142578125,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -3.251953125,\n 34.30714385628804\n ],\n [\n -5.361328125,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -9.31640625,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -65.390625,\n 18.22935133838668\n ],\n [\n -73.740234375,\n 20.2209657795223\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 23.241346102386135\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 20.385825381874263\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 15.623036831528264\n ],\n [\n -84.0234375,\n 14.774882506516272\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 11.178401873711785\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 9.015302333420598\n ],\n [\n -80.947265625,\n 8.146242825034385\n ],\n [\n -79.189453125,\n 8.841651120809145\n ],\n [\n -77.34374999999999,\n 7.885147283424331\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8cee4b0c8380cd47eb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G.W.","contributorId":6561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prospero, J.M.","contributorId":76476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prospero","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betzer, P.","contributorId":63563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betzer","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayes, M.L.","contributorId":25587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garrison, V.","contributorId":18300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barber, R.T.","contributorId":9798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70022102,"text":"70022102 - 2000 - Modeling the influence of variable pH on the transport of zinc in a contaminated aquifer using semiempirical surface complexation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T05:40:55","indexId":"70022102","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the influence of variable pH on the transport of zinc in a contaminated aquifer using semiempirical surface complexation models","docAbstract":"Land disposal of sewage effluent resulted in contamination of a sand and gravel aquifer (Cape Cod, Massachusetts) with zinc (Zn). The distribution of Zn was controlled by pH‐dependent adsorption; the Zn extended 15 m into the 30‐m‐thick sewage plume within approximately 100 m of the source but only 2–4 m into the plume between 100 and 400 m downgradient. A two‐dimensional vertical cross section model coupling groundwater flow with solute transport and equilibrium adsorption is used to simulate the influence of pH on Zn transport. Adsorption is described using semiempirical surface complexation models (SCM) by writing chemical reactions between dissolved Zn and mineral surface sites. SCM parameters were determined in independent laboratory experiments. A 59‐year simulation with a one‐site SCM describes the influence of pH on Zn transport well, with greater mobility at the low pH values near the upper sewage plume boundary than at the higher pH values deeper in the sewage‐contaminated zone. Simulation with a two‐site SCM describes both the sharpness and approximate location of the leading edge of the Zn‐contaminated region. Temporal variations in pH of incoming groundwater can result in large increases in Zn concentration and mobility. The influence of spatial and temporal variability in pH on adsorption and transport of Zn was accomplished much more easily with the semiempirical SCM approach than could be achieved with distribution coefficients or adsorption isotherms.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900244","usgsCitation":"Kent, D., Abrams, R., Davis, J., Coston, J., and LeBlanc, D., 2000, Modeling the influence of variable pH on the transport of zinc in a contaminated aquifer using semiempirical surface complexation models: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 12, p. 3411-3425, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900244.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3411","endPage":"3425","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900244","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c49e4b0c8380cd6fb83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrams, R.H.","contributorId":48325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coston, J.A.","contributorId":59572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coston","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022027,"text":"70022027 - 2000 - Slip rates on San Francisco Bay area faults from anelastic deformation of the continental lithosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T14:27:12.044082","indexId":"70022027","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip rates on San Francisco Bay area faults from anelastic deformation of the continental lithosphere","docAbstract":"Long-term slip rates on major faults in the San Francisco Bay area are predicted by modeling the anelastic deformation of the continental lithosphere in response to regional relative plate motion. The model developed by Bird and Kong [1994] is used to simulate lithospheric deformation according to a Coulomb frictional rheology of the upper crust and a dislocation creep rheology at depth. The focus of this study is the long-term motion of faults in a region extending from the creeping section of the San Andreas fault to the south up to the latitude of Cape Mendocino to the north. Boundary conditions are specified by the relative motion between the Pacific plate and the Sierra Nevada-Great Valley microplate [Argus and Gordon, 2000]. Rheologic-frictional parameters are specified as independent variables, and prediction errors are calculated with respect to geologic estimates of slip rates and maximum compressive stress directions. The model that best explains the region-wide observations is one in which the coefficient of friction on all of the major faults is less than 0.15, with the coefficient of friction for the San Andreas fault being approximately 0.09, consistent with previous inferences of San Andreas fault friction. Prediction error increases with lower fault friction on the San Andreas, indicating a lower bound of μSAF > 0.08. Discrepancies with respect to previous slip rate estimates include a higher than expected slip rate along the peninsula segment of the San Andreas fault and a slightly lower than expected slip rate along the San Gregorio fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900254","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Geist, E., and Andrews, D., 2000, Slip rates on San Francisco Bay area faults from anelastic deformation of the continental lithosphere: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B11, p. 25543-25552, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900254.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"25543","endPage":"25552","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900254","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.73376464843749,\n 37.900865092570065\n ],\n [\n -122.57995605468749,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -122.48657226562499,\n 37.23907530202184\n ],\n [\n -121.8218994140625,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -120.9649658203125,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -121.1846923828125,\n 37.76202988573211\n ],\n [\n -121.2451171875,\n 37.95719224376526\n ],\n [\n -121.4208984375,\n 38.302869955150044\n ],\n [\n -121.67358398437499,\n 38.371808917147554\n ],\n [\n -122.01965332031249,\n 38.302869955150044\n ],\n [\n -122.684326171875,\n 38.225235239076824\n ],\n [\n -122.73376464843749,\n 37.900865092570065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b914de4b08c986b319829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, D.J.","contributorId":7416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022068,"text":"70022068 - 2000 - Microbial degradation of chloroethenes in groundwater systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T14:55:25.903833","indexId":"70022068","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial degradation of chloroethenes in groundwater systems","docAbstract":"The chloroethenes, tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) are among the most common contaminants detected in groundwater systems. As recently as 1980, the consensus was that chloroethene compounds were not significantly biodegradable in groundwater. Consequently, efforts to remediate chloroethene-contaminated groundwater were limited to largely unsuccessful pump-and-treat attempts. Subsequent investigation revealed that under reducing conditions, aquifer microorganisms can reductively dechlorinate PCE and TCE to the less chlorinated daughter products dichloroethene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). Although recent laboratory studies conducted with halorespiring microorganisms suggest that complete reduction to ethene is possible, in the majority of groundwater systems reductive dechlorination apparently stops at DCE or VC. However, recent investigations conducted with aquifer and stream-bed sediments have demonstrated that microbial oxidation of these reduced daughter products can be significant under anaerobic redox conditions. The combination of reductive dechlorination of PCE and TCE under anaerobic conditions followed by anaerobic microbial oxidation of DCE and VC provides a possible microbial pathway for complete degradation of chloroethene contaminants in groundwater systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1007/s100400050011","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., 2000, Microbial degradation of chloroethenes in groundwater systems: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 104-111, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050011.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a564ae4b0c8380cd6d4b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":204639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022480,"text":"70022480 - 2000 - Geochemical effects of rapid sedimentation in aquatic systems: Minimal diagenesis and the preservation of historical metal signatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022480","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical effects of rapid sedimentation in aquatic systems: Minimal diagenesis and the preservation of historical metal signatures","docAbstract":"Rapid sedimentation exerts a pronounced influence on early sedimentary diagenesis in that there is insufficient time for a sediment particle to equilibrate in any one sediment layer before that layer may be displaced vertically by another layer. These sedimentation patterns are common in surface-water reservoirs whose sedimentation rates (1-10 cm yr-1) are several orders of magnitude greater than those for natural lakes (0.01-0.5 cm yr-1). Two examples of the effects of rapid sedimentation on geochemical metal signatures are presented here. Interstitial-water data (Fe) from two sites in the Cheyenne River Embayment of Lake Oahe on the Missouri River illustrate the effects of changing sedimentation rates on dissolved species. Rapid burial during high-flow yrs appears to limit early sedimentary diagenesis to aerobic respiration. Solid-phase metal data (Pb) from a site in Pueblo Reservoir on the upper Arkansas River in Colorado appear to record historical releases by flooding of abandoned mine sites upstream in Leadville, Colorado. Interstitial-water ammonia and ferrous Fe data indicate that at least one interval at depth in the sediment where solid metal concentrations peak is a zone of minimal diagenesis. The principal diagenetic reactions that occur in these sediments are aerobic respiration and the reduction of Mn and Fe oxides. Under slower sedimentation conditions, there is sufficient time for particulate organic matter to decompose and create a diagenetic environment where metal oxides may not be stable. The quasi-steady-state interstitial Fe profiles from Tidal Potomac River sediments are an example of such a situation. This occurs primarily because the residence time of particles in the surficial sediment column is long enough to allow benthic organisms and bacteria to perform their metabolic functions. When faster sedimentation prevails, there is less time for these metabolic reactions to occur since the organisms do not occupy a sediment layer for any length of time. Also, the quantity and quality of the organic matter input to the sediment layer is important in that reservoirs often receive more terrestrial organic matter than natural lakes and this terrestrial organic matter is generally more refractory than autochthonous aquatic organic matter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1008114630756","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Callender, E., 2000, Geochemical effects of rapid sedimentation in aquatic systems: Minimal diagenesis and the preservation of historical metal signatures: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 23, no. 3, p. 243-260, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008114630756.","startPage":"243","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206698,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008114630756"},{"id":230577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1625e4b0c8380cd5506f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022107,"text":"70022107 - 2000 - The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:52","indexId":"70022107","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget","docAbstract":"To reconcile observations of decomposition rates, carbon inventories, and net primary production (NPP), we estimated long-term averages for C exchange in boreal forests near Thompson, Manitoba. Soil drainage as defined by water table, moss cover, and permafrost dynamics, is the dominant control on direct fire emissions. In upland forests, an average of about 10-30% of annual NPP was likely consumed by fire over the past 6500 years since these landforms and ecosystems were established. This long-term, average fire emission is much larger than has been accounted for in global C cycle models and may forecast an increase in fire activity for this region. While over decadal to century times these boreal forests may be acting as slight net sinks for C from the atmosphere to land, periods of drought and severe fire activity may result in net sources of C from these systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06019.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Harden, J., Trumbore, S., Stocks, B., Hirsch, A., Gower, S., O’Neill, K.P., and Kasischke, E., 2000, The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget: Global Change Biology, v. 6, no. 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