{"pageNumber":"3279","pageRowStart":"81950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70022280,"text":"70022280 - 2000 - Measuring stream discharge by non-contact methods: A proof-of-concept experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T11:15:24","indexId":"70022280","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring stream discharge by non-contact methods: A proof-of-concept experiment","docAbstract":"This report describes an experiment to make a completely non-contact open-channel discharge measurement. A van-mounted, pulsed doppler (10GHz) radar collected surface-velocity data across the 183-m wide Skagit River, Washington at a USGS streamgaging station using Bragg scattering from short waves produced by turbulent boils on the surface of the river. Surface velocities were converted to mean velocities for 25 sub-sections by assuming a normal open-channel velocity profile (surface velocity times 0.85). Channel cross-sectional area was measured using a 100 MHz ground-penetrating radar antenna suspended from a cableway car over the river. Seven acoustic doppler current profiler discharge measurements and a conventional current-meter discharge measurement were also made. Three non-contact discharge measurements completed in about a 1-hour period were within 1 % of the gaging station rating curve discharge values. With further refinements, it is thought that open-channel flow can be measured reliably by non-contact methods.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/1999GL006087","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., Spicer, K., Cheng, R.T., Haeni, F., Melcher, N., Thurman, E., Plant, W., and Keller, W., 2000, Measuring stream discharge by non-contact methods: A proof-of-concept experiment: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 4, p. 553-556, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL006087.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"556","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479231,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl006087","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5350e4b0c8380cd6c9c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spicer, K.R.","contributorId":67230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melcher, N.B.","contributorId":71554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Plant, W.J.","contributorId":101409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Keller, W.C.","contributorId":49140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70022282,"text":"70022282 - 2000 - Pollen-based biomes for Beringia 18,000, 6000 and 0 14C yr BP","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022282","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pollen-based biomes for Beringia 18,000, 6000 and 0 14C yr BP","docAbstract":"The objective biomization method developed by Prentice et al. (1996) for Europe was extended using modern pollen samples from Beringia and then applied to fossil pollen data to reconstruct palaeovegetation patterns at 6000 and 18,000 14C yr BP. The predicted modern distribution of tundra, taiga and cool conifer forests in Alaska and north-western Canada generally corresponds well to actual vegetation patterns, although sites in regions characterized today by a mosaic of forest and tundra vegetation tend to be preferentially assigned to tundra. Siberian larch forests are delimited less well, probably due to the extreme under-representation of Larix in pollen spectra. The biome distribution across Beringia at 6000 14C yr BP was broadly similar to today, with little change in the northern forest limit, except for a possible northward-advance in the Mackenzie delta region. The western forest limit in Alaska was probably east of its modern position. At 18,000 14C yr BP the whole of Beringia was covered by tundra. However, the importance of the various plant functional types varied from site to site, supporting the idea that the vegetation cover was a mosaic of different tundra types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00426.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Edwards, M.E., Anderson, P.M., Brubaker, L., Ager, T.A., Andreev, A., Bigelow, N., Cwynar, L., Eisner, W.R., Harrison, S.P., Hu, F., Jolly, D., Lozhkin, A., MacDonald, G.M., Mock, C.J., Ritchie, J., Sher, A., Spear, R., Williams, J., and Yu, G., 2000, Pollen-based biomes for Beringia 18,000, 6000 and 0 14C yr BP: Journal of Biogeography, v. 27, no. 3, p. 521-554, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00426.x.","startPage":"521","endPage":"554","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206645,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00426.x"},{"id":230452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7cd9e4b0c8380cd79bf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, M. E.","contributorId":29977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, P. M.","contributorId":71722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brubaker, L.B.","contributorId":29153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brubaker","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andreev, A.A.","contributorId":102229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreev","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bigelow, N.H.","contributorId":85352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bigelow","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cwynar, L.C.","contributorId":107458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cwynar","given":"L.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eisner, Wendy R.","contributorId":35497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Harrison, S. P.","contributorId":78488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hu, F.-S.","contributorId":33481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"F.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jolly, D.","contributorId":81655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolly","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lozhkin, A.V.","contributorId":62782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lozhkin","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"MacDonald, G. M.","contributorId":31546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Mock, Cary J.","contributorId":87323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mock","given":"Cary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ritchie, J.C.","contributorId":89299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Sher, A.V.","contributorId":84533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sher","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Spear, R.W.","contributorId":87324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Williams, J.W.","contributorId":53553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Yu, G.","contributorId":61198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70022283,"text":"70022283 - 2000 - Authigenic molybdenum formation in marine sediments: A link to pore water sulfide in the Santa Barbara Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T07:03:36","indexId":"70022283","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Authigenic molybdenum formation in marine sediments: A link to pore water sulfide in the Santa Barbara Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Pore water and sediment Mo concentrations were measured in a suite of multicores collected at four sites along the northeastern flank of the Santa Barbara Basin to examine the connection between authigenic Mo formation and pore water sulfide concentration. Only at the deepest site (580 m), where pore water sulfide concentrations rise to &gt;0.1 μM right below the sediment water interface, was there active authigenic Mo formation. At shallower sites (550, 430, and 340 m), where pore water sulfide concentrations were consistently &lt;0.05 μM, Mo precipitation was not occurring at the time of sampling. A sulfide concentration of ∼0.1 μM appears to be a threshold for the onset of Mo-Fe-S co-precipitation. A second threshold sulfide concentration of ∼100 μM is required for Mo precipitation without Fe, possibly as Mo-S or as particle-bound Mo.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00495-6","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Zheng, Y., Anderson, R.F., VanGeen, A., and Kuwabara, J., 2000, Authigenic molybdenum formation in marine sediments: A link to pore water sulfide in the Santa Barbara Basin: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, no. 24, p. 4165-4178, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00495-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4165","endPage":"4178","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00495-6"}],"volume":"64","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eeede4b0c8380cd4a039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zheng, Yen","contributorId":80842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Yen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Robert F.","contributorId":14139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuwabara, J.","contributorId":17783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022500,"text":"70022500 - 2000 - Late summer survival of adult female and juvenile spectacled eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T22:19:15.256075","indexId":"70022500","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late summer survival of adult female and juvenile spectacled eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"We used radio-telemetry to examine survival of adult female and juvenile Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) from 30 days after hatch until departure from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) during 1997-1999. Juvenile survival was 71.4%; adult female survival was 88.5%. Mink (Mustella vison) were the most common predator identified for both adults and juveniles. Detectable levels of lead were found in bones of 74% of juvenile carcasses recovered and 21% had levels indicative of acute exposure. Average age at departure was 59 ?? 1 days old for juveniles and 56 ?? 1 days after hatch for adults. Most broods (60.5%) departed the YKD synchronously. Overall our data indicate that mortality during the latter half of brood-rearing is higher than previously thought. We conclude that brood rearing is a period of high mortality for brood-rearing females and that lead poisoning is responsible for reductions in juvenile survival to fledging. Received 15 February 2000, accepted 1 April 2000.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Barry, J., Morse, J., and Fondell, T., 2000, Late summer survival of adult female and juvenile spectacled eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Waterbirds, v. 23, no. 2, p. 292-297.","startPage":"292","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4560e4b0c8380cd67276","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barry, J.","contributorId":57235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morse, J.A.","contributorId":73771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fondell, T.F.","contributorId":11154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022517,"text":"70022517 - 2000 - Gap analysis: Concepts, methods, and recent results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022517","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gap analysis: Concepts, methods, and recent results","docAbstract":"Rapid progress is being made in the conceptual, technical, and organizational requirements for generating synoptic multi-scale views of the earth's surface and its biological content. Using the spatially comprehensive data that are now available, researchers, land managers, and land-use planners can, for the first time, quantitatively place landscape units - from general categories such as 'Forests' or 'Cold-Deciduous Shrubland Formation' to more categories such as 'Picea glauca-Abies balsamea-Populus spp. Forest Alliance' - in their large-area contexts. The National Gap Analysis Program (GAP) has developed the technical and organizational capabilities necessary for the regular production and analysis of such information. This paper provides a brief overview of concepts and methods as well as some recent results from the GAP projects. Clearly, new frameworks for biogeographic information and organizational cooperation are needed if we are to have any hope of documenting the full range of species occurrences and ecological processes in ways meaningful to their management. The GAP experience provides one model for achieving these new frameworks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1008184408300","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M., 2000, Gap analysis: Concepts, methods, and recent results: Landscape Ecology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 5-20, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008184408300.","startPage":"5","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206732,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008184408300"},{"id":230652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14b6e4b0c8380cd54b21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, M.D.","contributorId":53976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022501,"text":"70022501 - 2000 - Integrating borehole logs and aquifer tests in aquifer characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T07:35:53","indexId":"70022501","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating borehole logs and aquifer tests in aquifer characterization","docAbstract":"Integration of lithologic logs, geophysical logs, and hydraulic tests is critical in characterizing heterogeneous aquifers. Typically only a limited number of aquifer tests can be performed, and these need to be designed to provide hydraulic properties for the principle aquifers in the system. This study describes the integration of logs and aquifer tests in the development of a hydrostratigraphic model for the surficial aquifer system in and around Big Cypress National Preserve in eastern Collier County, Florida. Borehole flowmeter tests provide qualitative permeability profiles in most of 26 boreholes drilled in the Study area. Flow logs indicate the depth of transmissive units, which are correlated across the study area. Comparison to published studies in adjacent areas indicates that the main limestone aquifer of the 000000Tamiami Formation in the study area corresponds with the gray limestone aquifer in western Dade County and the water table and lower Tamiami Aquifer in western Collier County. Four strategically located, multiwell aquifer tests are used to quantify the qualitative permeability profiles provided by the flowmeter log analysis. The hydrostratigraphic model based on these results defines the main aquifer in the central part of the study area as unconfined to semiconfined with a transmissivity as high as 30,000 m2/day. The aquifer decreases in transmissivity to less than 10,000 m2/day in some parts of western Collier County, and becomes confined to the east and northeast of the study area, where transmissivity decreases to below 5000 m2/day.Integration of lithologic logs, geophysical logs, and hydraulic tests is critical in characterizing heterogeneous aquifers. Typically only a limited number of aquifer tests can be performed, and these need to be designed to provide hydraulic properties for the principle aquifers in the system. This study describes the integration of logs and aquifer tests in the development of a hydrostratigraphic model for the surficial aquifer system in and around Big Cypress National Preserve in eastern Collier County, Florida. Borehole flowmeter tests provide qualitative permeability profiles in most of 26 boreholes drilled in the study area. Flow logs indicate the depth of transmissive units, which are correlated across the study area. Comparison to published studies in adjacent areas indicates that the main limestone aquifer of the Tamiami Formation in the study area corresponds with the gray limestone aquifer in western Dade County and the water table and lower Tamiami Aquifer in western Collier County. Four strategically located, multiwell aquifer tests are used to quantify the qualitative permeability profiles provided by the flowmeter log analysis. The hydrostratigraphic model based on these results defines the main aquifer in the central part of the study area as unconfined to semiconfined with a transmissivity as high as 30,000 m2/day. The aquifer decreases in transmissivity to less than 10,000 m2/day in some parts of western Collier County, and becomes confined to the east and northeast of the study area, where transmissivity decreases to below 5000 m2/day.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02707.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., and Reese, R., 2000, Integrating borehole logs and aquifer tests in aquifer characterization: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 5, p. 713-725, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02707.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"725","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c76e4b0c8380cd62d65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reese, R.S.","contributorId":17644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022286,"text":"70022286 - 2000 - Synthetic aperture radar interferometry of Okmok volcano, Alaska: radar observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:54:21","indexId":"70022286","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthetic aperture radar interferometry of Okmok volcano, Alaska: radar observations","docAbstract":"ERS-1/ERS-2 synthetic aperture radar interferometry was used to study the 1997 eruption of Okmok volcano in Alaska. First, we derived an accurate digital elevation model (DEM) using a tandem ERS-1/ERS-2 image pair and the preexisting DEM. Second, by studying changes in interferometric coherence we found that the newly erupted lava lost radar coherence for 5-17 months after the eruption. This suggests changes in the surface backscattering characteristics and was probably related to cooling and compaction processes. Third, the atmospheric delay anomalies in the deformation interferograms were quantitatively assessed. Atmospheric delay anomalies in some of the interferograms were significant and consistently smaller than one to two fringes in magnitude. For this reason, repeat observations are important to confidently interpret small geophysical signals related to volcanic activities. Finally, using two-pass differential interferometry, we analyzed the preemptive inflation, coeruptive deflation, and posteruptive inflation and confirmed the observations using independent image pairs. We observed more than 140 cm of subsidence associated with the 1997 eruption. This subsidence occurred between 16 months before the eruption and 5 months after the eruption, was preceded by ∼18 cm of uplift between 1992 and 1995 centered in the same location, and was followed by ∼10 cm of uplift between September 1997 and 1998. The best fitting model suggests the magma reservoir resided at 2.7 km depth beneath the center of the caldera, which was ∼5 km from the eruptive vent. We estimated the volume of the erupted material to be 0.055 km<sup>3</sup> and the average thickness of the erupted lava to be ∼7.4 m. Copyright 2000 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900034","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Mann, D., Freymueller, J.T., and Meyer, D., 2000, Synthetic aperture radar interferometry of Okmok volcano, Alaska: radar observations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B5, p. 10791-10806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900034.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"10791","endPage":"10806","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278534,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900034"}],"volume":"105","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba35de4b08c986b31fc93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":392999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Dorte","contributorId":76491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Dorte","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":97458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, David dmeyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"David","email":"dmeyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022285,"text":"70022285 - 2000 - Dynamics of nutrient cycling and related benthic nutrient and oxygen fluxes during a spring phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:53:36","indexId":"70022285","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of nutrient cycling and related benthic nutrient and oxygen fluxes during a spring phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay (USA)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Benthic oxygen uptake and nutrient releases of N, P and Si were measured weekly at 2 sites in South San Francisco Bay around the 1996 spring bloom. Exchanges across the sediment-water interface were estimated from whole core incubations performed in the laboratory at&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;temperature and in dark. Fluxes changed significantly on a weekly time scale. Over a period of 15 wk the fluxes of dissolved inorganic N, P and Si ranged from -40 to +200, 0 to 13 and from 30 to 400 µmol m</span><sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;h</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;respectively. Sediment oxygen demand increased from 10 before to 64 mg O</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;h</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;just after the bloom period. During the bloom, nutrient fluxes represented about 20, 16 and 9% of the Si, P and N requirements for primary production. Before and after the bloom period, Si fluxes contributed up to 30 and &gt;100% of this requirement and P and N fluxes up to 15 and 50% respectively. Simple empirical models explain most of the spatial-temporal variability of benthic fluxes of Si, P and NH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;(but not NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) from 3 predictor variables: sediment porosity, nutrient concentration in bottom waters and chlorophyll content of surficial sediments. These models show that algal blooms influence benthic-pelagic nutrient exchange through 2 processes: (1) depletion of nutrients from the water column (which enhances gradient-driven transports across the sediment-water interface) and (2) sedimentation of labile phytodetritus (which promotes remineralization in or on the surficial sediments). Rates and patterns of nutrient cycling were very different at the shallow and deep study sites, illustrating the challenge of extrapolating measurements of coupled algae-nutrient dynamics to whole ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps197067","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Grenz, C., Cloern, J., Hager, S., and Cole, B., 2000, Dynamics of nutrient cycling and related benthic nutrient and oxygen fluxes during a spring phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay (USA): Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 197, p. 67-80, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps197067.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"80","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479332,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps197067","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"197","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0435e4b0c8380cd5085b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grenz, C.","contributorId":40753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grenz","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hager, S.W.","contributorId":51746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022284,"text":"70022284 - 2000 - Mesoproterozoic graphite deposits, New Jersey Highlands: Geologic and stable isotopic evidence for possible algal origins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-10T14:45:32","indexId":"70022284","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesoproterozoic graphite deposits, New Jersey Highlands: Geologic and stable isotopic evidence for possible algal origins","docAbstract":"<p>&nbsp;Graphite deposits of Mesoproterozoic age are locally abundant in the eastern New Jersey Highlands, where they are hosted by sulphidic biotite–quartz–feldspar gneiss, metaquartzite, and anatectic pegmatite. Gneiss and metaquartzite represent a shallow marine shelf sequence of locally organic-rich sand and mud. Graphite from massive deposits within metaquartzite yielded δ13C values of –26 ± 2‰ (1σ), and graphite from massive deposits within biotite–quartz–feldspar gneiss yielded δ13C values of –23 ± 4‰. Disseminated graphite from biotite–quartz–feldspar gneiss country rock was –22 ± 3‰, indistinguishable from the massive deposits hosted by the same lithology. Anatectic pegmatite is graphitic only where generated from graphite-bearing host rocks; one sample gave a δ13C value of –15‰. The δ34S values of trace pyrrhotite are uniform within individual deposits, but vary from 0 to 9‰ from one deposit to another. Apart from pegmatitic occurrences, evidence is lacking for long-range mobilization of carbon during Grenvillian orogenesis or post-Grenvillian tectonism. The field, petrographic, and isotope data suggest that massive graphite was formed by granulite-facies metamorphism of Proterozoic accumulations of sedimentary organic matter, possibly algal mats. Preservation of these accumulations in the sedimentary environment requires anoxic basin waters or rapid burial. Anoxia would also favour the accumulation of dissolved ferrous iron in basin waters, which may explain some of the metasediment-hosted massive magnetite deposits in the New Jersey Highlands.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e00-050","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Volkert, R., Johnson, C.A., and Tamashausky, A.V., 2000, Mesoproterozoic graphite deposits, New Jersey Highlands: Geologic and stable isotopic evidence for possible algal origins: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 37, no. 12, p. 1665-1675, https://doi.org/10.1139/e00-050.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1665","endPage":"1675","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"New Jersey Highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.16595458984375,\n              41.10005163093046\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.5037841796875,\n              41.275742324160106\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.17669677734375,\n              40.78262115769851\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.20690917968749,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.003662109375,\n              40.38839687388361\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.16595458984375,\n              41.10005163093046\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5445e4b0c8380cd6cf28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Volkert, R.A.","contributorId":90799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volkert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tamashausky, Albert V.","contributorId":221648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tamashausky","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022453,"text":"70022453 - 2000 - Geologic mapping of Europa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-05T18:01:27.923543","indexId":"70022453","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic mapping of Europa","docAbstract":"Galileo data enable the major geological units, structures, and surface features to be identified on Europa. These include five primary units (plains, chaos, band, ridge, and crater materials) and their subunits, along with various tectonic structures such as faults. Plains units are the most widespread. Ridged plains material spans a wide range of geological ages, including the oldest recognizable features on Europa, and appears to represent a style of tectonic resurfacing, rather than cryovolcanism. Smooth plains material typically embays other terrains and units, possibly as a type of fluid emplacement, and is among the youngest material units observed. At global scales, plains are typically mapped as undifferentiated plains material, although in some areas differences can be discerned in the near infrared which might be related to differences in ice grain size. Chaos material is composed of plains and other preexisting materials that have been severely disrupted by inferred internal activity; chaos is characterized by blocks of icy material set in a hummocky matrix. Band material is arrayed in linear, curvilinear, wedge-shaped, or cuspate zones with contrasting albedo and surface textures with respect to the surrounding terrain. Bilateral symmetry observed in some bands and the relationships with the surrounding units suggest that band material forms by the lithosphere fracturing, spreading apart, and infilling with material derived from the subsurface. Ridge material is mapped as a unit on local and some regional maps but shown with symbols at global scales. Ridge material includes single ridges, doublet ridges, and ridge complexes. Ridge materials are considered to represent tectonic processes, possibly accompanied by the extrusion or intrusion of subsurface materials, such as diapirs. The tectonic processes might be related to tidal flexing of the icy lithosphere on diurnal or longer timescales. Crater materials include various interior (smooth central, rough inner, and annular massif) and exterior (continuous ejecta) subunits. Structural features and landforms are shown with conventional symbols. Type localities for the units are identified, along with suggestions for portraying the features on geological maps, including colors and letter abbreviations for material units. Implementing these suggestions by the planetary mapping community would facilitate comparisons of maps for different parts of Europa and contribute to an eventual global synthesis of its complex geology. On the basis of initial mapping results, a stratigraphic sequence is suggested in which ridged plains form the oldest unit on Europa, followed by development of band material and individual ridges. Band materials tend to be somewhat older than ridges, but in many areas the two units formed simultaneously. Similarly, the formation of most chaos follows the development of ridged plains; although chaos is among the youngest materials on Europa, some chaos units might have formed contemporaneously with ridged plains. Smooth plains generally embay all other units and are late-stage in the evolution of the surface. C1 craters are superposed on ridged plains but are crosscut by other materials, including bands and ridges. Most c2 craters postdate all other units, but a few c2 craters are cut by ridge material. C3 craters constitute the youngest recognizable material on Europa. Copyright 2000 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001173","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Greeley, R., Figueredo, P.H., Williams, D., Chuang, F.C., Klemaszewski, J., Kadel, S., Prockter, L., Pappalardo, R., Head, J.W., Collins, G., Spaun, N., Sullivan, R., Moore, J.N., Senske, D., Tufts, B., Johnson, T.V., Belton, M.J., and Tanaka, K.L., 2000, Geologic mapping of Europa: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 105, no. E9, p. 22559-22578, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001173.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"22559","endPage":"22578","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001173","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europa","volume":"105","issue":"E9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1fc4e4b0c8380cd56969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Figueredo, P. H.","contributorId":82499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Figueredo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, D.A.","contributorId":98048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7114,"text":"Arizona State Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chuang, F. C.","contributorId":105452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chuang","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klemaszewski, J.E.","contributorId":88102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemaszewski","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kadel, S.D.","contributorId":93676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kadel","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prockter, L.M.","contributorId":33149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prockter","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pappalardo, R.T.","contributorId":40745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pappalardo","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Head, J. W. III","contributorId":106267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Collins, G.C.","contributorId":88103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Spaun, N.A.","contributorId":95329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaun","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sullivan, R.J.","contributorId":21302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N.","contributorId":13668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Senske, D.A.","contributorId":76896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senske","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Tufts, B.R.","contributorId":93225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tufts","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Johnson, T. V.","contributorId":79619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70022452,"text":"70022452 - 2000 - Testing a multi-tiered stress-gradient model for risk assessment using sediment constituents from coral reef environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022452","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Testing a multi-tiered stress-gradient model for risk assessment using sediment constituents from coral reef environments","docAbstract":"Coral reefs are threatened worldwide by stresses ranging from local to global in extent. One of the major challenges in studies of reef decline is understanding how to distinguish between changes resulting from natural, anthropogenic, local, and global environmental perturbations. As such, a conceptual risk-assessment model is developed that includes tiers for natural stresses, global/regional stresses, and local anthropogenic stresses.","largerWorkTitle":"Carbonate Beaches 2000","conferenceTitle":"Carbonate Beaches 2000","conferenceDate":"5 December 2000 through 8 December 2000","conferenceLocation":"Key Largo, FL","language":"English","isbn":"0784406405","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., and Hallock, P., 2000, Testing a multi-tiered stress-gradient model for risk assessment using sediment constituents from coral reef environments, <i>in</i> Carbonate Beaches 2000, Key Largo, FL, 5 December 2000 through 8 December 2000, p. 202-203.","startPage":"202","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5b8e4b08c986b320c1b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Magoon O TRobbins L LEwing LMagoon O TRobbins L LEwing L","contributorId":128363,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Magoon O TRobbins L LEwing LMagoon O TRobbins L LEwing L","id":536481,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallock, P.","contributorId":91263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallock","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022451,"text":"70022451 - 2000 - Spatial and temporal sensitivity of hydrogeomorphic response and recovery to deforestation, agriculture, and floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T13:37:37.589417","indexId":"70022451","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3059,"text":"Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal sensitivity of hydrogeomorphic response and recovery to deforestation, agriculture, and floods","docAbstract":"<p>Clear-cut logging followed by agricultural activity caused hydrologic and geomorphic changes in North Fish Creek, a Wisconsin tributary to Lake Superior. Hydro-geomorphic responses to changes in land use were sensitive to the location of reaches along the main stem and to the relative timing of large floods. Hydrologic and sediment-load modeling indicates that flood peaks were three times larger and sediment loads were five times larger during maximum agricultural activity in the 1920s and 1930s than prior to about 1890, when forest cover was dominant. Following logging, overbank sedimentation rates in the lower main stem increased four to six times above pre-settlement rates. Accelerated streambank and channel erosion in the upper main stem have been and continue to be primary sources of sediment to downstream reaches. Extreme floods in 1941 and 1946, followed by frequent moderate floods through 1954, caused extensive geomorphic changes along the entire main stem. Sedimentation rates in the lower main stem may have decreased in the last several decades as agricultural activity declined. However, geomorphic recovery is slow, as incised channels in the upper main stem function as efficient conveyors of watershed surface runoff and thereby continue to promote flooding and sedimentation problems downstream.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2000.10642701","issn":"02723646","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., and Knox, J., 2000, Spatial and temporal sensitivity of hydrogeomorphic response and recovery to deforestation, agriculture, and floods: Physical Geography, v. 21, no. 2, p. 89-108, https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2000.10642701.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"108","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior, North Fish Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.1151123046875,\n              46.56122097002429\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.15116119384764,\n              46.55319428348575\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.14704132080078,\n              46.52060318945508\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.90911865234374,\n              46.586709628118015\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.94242095947266,\n              46.605582392244486\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1151123046875,\n              46.56122097002429\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9444e4b08c986b31a989","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, F. A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":61446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knox, J.C.","contributorId":39970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knox","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022478,"text":"70022478 - 2000 - Bird mortality associated with wind turbines at the Buffalo Ridge wind resource area, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T19:00:43.310135","indexId":"70022478","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird mortality associated with wind turbines at the Buffalo Ridge wind resource area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Recent technological advances have made wind power a viable source of alternative energy production and the number of windplant facilities has increased in the United States. Construction was completed on a 73 turbine, 25 megawatt windplant on Buffalo Ridge near Lake Benton, Minnesota in Spring 1994. The number of birds killed at existing windplants in California caused concern about the potential impacts of the Buffalo Ridge facility on the avian community. From April 1994 through Dec. 1995 we searched the Buffalo Ridge windplant site for dead birds. Additionally, we evaluated search efficiency, predator scavenging rates and rate of carcass decomposition. During 20 mo of monitoring we found 12 dead birds. Collisions with wind turbines were suspected for 8 of the 12 birds. During observer efficiency trials searchers found 78.8% of carcasses. Scavengers removed 39.5% of carcasses during scavenging trials. All carcasses remained recognizable during 7 d decomposition trials. After correction for biases we estimated that approximately 36 ?? 12 birds (<1 dead bird per turbine) were killed at the Buffalo Ridge windplant in 1 y. Although windplants do not appear to be more detrimental to birds than other man-made structures, proper facility sitting is an important first consideration in order to avoid unnecessary fatalities.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2000)143[0041:BMAWWT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Osborn, R.G., Higgins, K., Usgaard, R.E., Dieter, C., and Neiger, R., 2000, Bird mortality associated with wind turbines at the Buffalo Ridge wind resource area, Minnesota: American Midland Naturalist, v. 143, no. 1, p. 41-52, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2000)143[0041:BMAWWT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Buffalo Ridge Wind Resource Area, Lake Benton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.30855560302734,\n              44.182696367769395\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.10427856445312,\n              44.181711543549135\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.10565185546875,\n              44.19598988458207\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.11869812011719,\n              44.19869745560854\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.12041473388672,\n              44.21887724630257\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.12865447998047,\n              44.220599591069444\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.12934112548828,\n              44.253806384428664\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.13380432128906,\n              44.25749487134716\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.13414764404297,\n              44.269788156801084\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2508773803711,\n              44.27003399628911\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.26152038574219,\n              44.263395969186675\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2841796875,\n              44.261183126905195\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.28829956054686,\n              44.264871151101985\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.28658294677734,\n              44.25282274884293\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.30374908447264,\n              44.232900588452274\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.30168914794922,\n              44.226258369133916\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.30203247070312,\n              44.21617060273111\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.30889892578125,\n              44.20632721367974\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.30855560302734,\n              44.182696367769395\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"143","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1afe4b0c8380cd4ad9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osborn, R. G.","contributorId":76700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osborn","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Usgaard, R. E.","contributorId":83696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Usgaard","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dieter, C.D.","contributorId":96860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neiger, R.D.","contributorId":63562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neiger","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022484,"text":"70022484 - 2000 - Advances in solid-phase extraction disks for environmental chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T06:36:35","indexId":"70022484","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3615,"text":"TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advances in solid-phase extraction disks for environmental chemistry","docAbstract":"<p>The development of solid-phase extraction (SPE) for environmental chemistry has progressed significantly over the last decade to include a number of new sorbents and new approaches to SPE. One SPE approach in particular, the SPE disk, has greatly reduced or eliminated the use of chlorinated solvents for the analysis of trace organic compounds. This article discusses the use and applicability of various SPE disks, including micro-sized disks, prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of trace organic compounds in water.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0165-9936(99)00175-2","issn":"01659936","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., and Snavely, K., 2000, Advances in solid-phase extraction disks for environmental chemistry: TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry, v. 19, no. 1, p. 18-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-9936(99)00175-2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-9936(99)00175-2"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e705e4b0c8380cd477d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snavely, K.","contributorId":41176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022468,"text":"70022468 - 2000 - Orphan caribou, <i>Rangifer tarandus</i>, calves: A re-evaluation of overwinter survival data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T13:13:55","indexId":"70022468","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orphan caribou, <i>Rangifer tarandus</i>, calves: A re-evaluation of overwinter survival data","docAbstract":"<p>Low sample size and high variation within populations reduce power of statistical tests. These aspects of statistical power appear to have affected an analysis comparing overwinter survival rates of non-orphan and orphan Caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) calves by an earlier study for the Porcupine Caribou Herd. A re-evaluation of the data revealed that conclusions about a lack of significant difference in the overwinter survival rates between orphan and non-orphan calves were premature.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Joly, K., 2000, Orphan caribou, <i>Rangifer tarandus</i>, calves: A re-evaluation of overwinter survival data: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 114, no. 2, p. 322-323.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"323","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/index","text":"Journal's Website"}],"volume":"114","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7126e4b0c8380cd764b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022471,"text":"70022471 - 2000 - Breeding Atlantic Puffins, Fratercula arctica, and other birds species of Coburg Island, Nunavut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T13:19:45","indexId":"70022471","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding Atlantic Puffins, Fratercula arctica, and other birds species of Coburg Island, Nunavut","docAbstract":"Coburg Island and neighbouring waters were recently designated a Canadian National Wildlife Area. The large seabird colony at Cambridge Point has been previously described, and is dominated by Thick-billed Murres (160 000 pairs). We found that a small offshore island, named Princess Charlotte Monument, also supported breeding populations of seven marine bird species; three of which did not breed at the main colony (i.e., Northern Fulmar, Common Eider, and Atlantic Puffin). This is the most northern confirmed breeding site for Atlantic Puffins in Canada. Puffins at both Coburg Island and northern Greenland nest in rock crevices, apparently because permafrost in soil prevents burrow nesting. We suggest that puffin populations in the high arctic may be limited by habitat, rather than prey availability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Robards, M.D., Gilchrist, H., and Allard, K., 2000, Breeding Atlantic Puffins, Fratercula arctica, and other birds species of Coburg Island, Nunavut: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 114, no. 1, p. 72-77.","startPage":"72","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f256e4b0c8380cd4b116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilchrist, H.G.","contributorId":88904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilchrist","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allard, K.","contributorId":82086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allard","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022449,"text":"70022449 - 2000 - Hydrologic influences on soil properties along ephemeral rivers in the Namib Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022449","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic influences on soil properties along ephemeral rivers in the Namib Desert","docAbstract":"Soils were examined along three ephemeral rivers in the Namib Desert to assess the influence of their hydrologic characteristics on soil properties. Soils consisted of layers of fluvially deposited, organic-rich silts, interstratified with fluvial and aeolian sands. The most significant influence of the ephemeral hydrologic regime upon soils was related to the downstream alluviation associated with hydrologic decay. This alluviation increased the silt proportion of soils in the lower reaches of the rivers. Organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous were correlated with silt content, and silt deposition patterns influenced patterns of moisture availability and plant rooting, creating and maintaining micro-habitats for various organisms. Localized salinization occurred in association with wetland sites and soluble salt content tended to increase downstream. Because of the covariance between silt and macronutrients, and the influence of silt upon moisture availability and habitat suitability, alluviation patterns associated with the hydrologic regime strongly influence the structure, productivity, and spatial distribution of biotic communities in ephemeral river ecosystems. (C) 2000 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jare.1999.0619","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, P., Jacobson, K., Angermeier, P., and Cherry, D., 2000, Hydrologic influences on soil properties along ephemeral rivers in the Namib Desert: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 45, no. 1, p. 21-34, https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0619.","startPage":"21","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206756,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0619"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a363ae4b0c8380cd60548","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, P.J.","contributorId":18529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, K.M.","contributorId":105465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherry, D.S.","contributorId":87321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022472,"text":"70022472 - 2000 - Ore-fluid evolution at the Getchell Carlin-type gold deposit, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T16:56:52.711292","indexId":"70022472","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1593,"text":"European Journal of Mineralogy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ore-fluid evolution at the Getchell Carlin-type gold deposit, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Minerals and fluid-inclusion populations were examined using petrography, microthermometry, quadrupole mass-spectrometer gas analyses and stable-isotope studies to characterize fluids responsible for gold mineralization at the Getchell Carlin-type gold deposit. The gold-ore assemblage at Getchell is superimposed on quartz-pyrite vein mineralization associated with a Late-Cretaceous granodiorite stock that intruded Lower-Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. The ore assemblage, of mid-Tertiary age, consists of disseminated arsenian pyrite that contains submicrometer gold, jasperoid quartz, and later fluorite and orpiment that fill fractures and vugs. Late ore-stage realgar and calcite enclose ore-stage minerals.</p><p>Pre-ore quartz trapped fluids with a wide range of salinities (1 to 21 wt.% NaCl equivalent), gas compositions (H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>4</sub>), and temperatures (120 to &gt; 360°C). Oxygen- and hydrogen-isotope ratios indicate that pre-ore fluids likely had a magmatic source, and were associated with intrusion of the granodiorite stock and related dikes.</p><p>Ore-stage jasperoid contains moderate salinity, aqueous fluid inclusions trapped at 180 to 220°C. Ore fluids contain minor CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and trace H<sub>2</sub>S that allowed the fluid to react with limestone host rocks and transport gold, respectively. Aqueous inclusions in fluorite indicate that fluid temperatures declined to ∼ 175°C by the end of ore-stage mineralization. As the hydrothermal system collapsed, fluid temperatures declined to 155 to 115°C and realgar and calcite precipitated.</p><p>Inclusion fluids in ore-stage minerals have high δD<sub>H2O</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>H2O</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values that indicate that the fluid had a deep source, and had a metamorphic or magmatic origin, or both. Late ore-stage fluids extend to lower δ<sub>H2O</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values, and have a wider range of δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>H2O</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values suggesting dilution by variably exchanged meteoric waters.</p><p>Results show that deeply sourced ore fluids rose along the Getchell fault system, where they dissolved carbonate wall rocks and deposited gold-enriched pyrite and jasperoid quartz. Gold and pyrite precipitated together as H<sub>2</sub>S in the ore fluids reacted with iron in the host rocks. As ore fluids mixed with local aquifer fluids, ore fluids became cooler and more dilute. Cooling caused precipitation of ore-stage fluorite and orpiment, and late ore-stage realgar. Phase separation and/or neutralization of the ore fluid during the waning stages of the hydrothermal ore system led to deposition of late ore-stage calcite.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"E. Schweizerbart'sche Verldghuchhandlung","doi":"10.1127/0935-1221/2000/0012-0195","usgsCitation":"Cline, J.S., and Hofstra, A.H., 2000, Ore-fluid evolution at the Getchell Carlin-type gold deposit, Nevada, USA: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 12, no. 1, p. 195-212, https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2000/0012-0195.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"212","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410942,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eurjmin/article/12/1/195/61682/Ore-fluid-evolution-at-the-Getchell-Carlin-type"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Getchell","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.70339965820312,\n              40.681679458715635\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75582885742188,\n              40.681679458715635\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75582885742188,\n              41.33970040774419\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.70339965820312,\n              41.33970040774419\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.70339965820312,\n              40.681679458715635\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f71e4b0c8380cd75acc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cline, Jean S.","contributorId":83628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022476,"text":"70022476 - 2000 - Microscopic character of marine sediment containing disseminated gas hydrate. Examples from the Blake Ridge and the Middle America Trench","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022476","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Microscopic character of marine sediment containing disseminated gas hydrate. Examples from the Blake Ridge and the Middle America Trench","docAbstract":"The presence of disseminated gas hydrate was inferred based on pore fluid geochemistry and downhole logging data, but was rarely observed at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 164 (Blake Ridge), and Leg 170 (Middle America Trench, offshore from Costa Rica) drilling sites. Gas hydrate nucleation is likely to occur first in larger voids rather than in constricted pore space, where capillary forces depress the temperature-pressure stability field for gas hydrate formation. Traditional macroscopic descriptions of sediment fail to detect the microscopic character of primary and secondary porosity in sediment hosting disseminated gas hydrate. Light transmission and scanning electron microscopy of sediments within and below the depth of gas hydrate occurrences reveal at least four general types of primary and secondary porosity: (1) microfossils (diatoms, foraminifera, and spicules) void of infilling sediment, but commonly containing small masses of pyrite framboids; (2) infauna burrows filled with unconsolidated sand and or microfossil debris; (3) irregularly shaped pods of nonconsolidated framboidial pyrite; and (4) nonlithified volcanic ash.","largerWorkTitle":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","language":"English","issn":"00778923","usgsCitation":"Lorenson, T., 2000, Microscopic character of marine sediment containing disseminated gas hydrate. Examples from the Blake Ridge and the Middle America Trench, <i>in</i> Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 912, p. 189-194.","startPage":"189","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"912","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56a5e4b0c8380cd6d71e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022447,"text":"70022447 - 2000 - Flow variations and macroinvertebrate community responses in a small groundwater-dominated stream in south east England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022447","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow variations and macroinvertebrate community responses in a small groundwater-dominated stream in south east England","docAbstract":"Changes in the macroinvertebrate community in response to flow variations in the Little Stour River, Kent, UK, were examined over a 6 year period (1992-1997). This period included the final year of the 1988-1992 drought, followed by some of the wettest conditions recorded this century and a second period of drought between 1996 and 1997. Each year, samples were collected from 15 sites during late-summer base-flow conditions. Correspondence analysis identified clear differences between samples from upstream and downstream sites, and between drought and non-drought years. Step-wise multiple regression was used to identify hydrological indicators of community variation. Several different indices were used to describe the macroinvertebrate community, including macroinvertebrate community abundance, number of families and species, and individual species. Site characteristics were fundamental in accounting for variation in the unstandardized macroinvertebrate community. However, when differences between sites were controlled, hydrological conditions were found to play a dominant role in explaining ecological variation. Indices of high discharge (or their absence), 4-7 months prior to sampling (i.e. winter-spring), were found to be the most important variables for describing the late-summer community The results are discussed in relation to the role of flow variability in shaping instream communities and management implications. Copyright ?? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Changes in the macroinvertebrate community in response to flow variations in the Little Stour River, Kent, UK, were examined over a 6 year period (1992-1997). This period included the final year of the 1988-1992 drought, followed by some of the wettest conditions recorded this century and a second period of drought between 1996 and 1997. Each year, samples were collected from 15 sites during late-summer base-flow conditions. Correspondence analysis identified clear differences between samples from upstream and downstream sites, and between drought and non-drought years. Step-wise multiple regression was used to identify hydrological indicators of community variation. Several different indices were used to describe the macroinvertebrate community, including macroinvertebrate community abundance, number of families and species, and individual species. Site characteristics were fundamental in accounting for variation in the unstandardized macroinvertebrate community. However, when differences between sites were controlled, hydrological conditions were found to play a dominant role in explaining ecological variation. Indices of high discharge (or their absence), 4-7 months prior to sampling (i.e. winter-spring), were found to be the most important variables for describing the late-summer community. The results are discussed in relation to the role of flow variability in shaping instream communities and management implications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3133::AID-HYP138>3.0.CO;2-J","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Bendix, J., and Hupp, C., 2000, Flow variations and macroinvertebrate community responses in a small groundwater-dominated stream in south east England: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 16-17, p. 3133-3147, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3133::AID-HYP138>3.0.CO;2-J.","startPage":"3133","endPage":"3147","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206754,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3133::AID-HYP138>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"id":230721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"16-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1257e4b0c8380cd54288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bendix, J.","contributorId":59977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bendix","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022473,"text":"70022473 - 2000 - Soil organic matter characteristics in size fractions of water-stable aggregates and ultrasonically-dispersed particles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022473","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Soil organic matter characteristics in size fractions of water-stable aggregates and ultrasonically-dispersed particles","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","language":"English","issn":"00933066","usgsCitation":"Choate, L., Ranville, J., Thorn, K.A., Macalady, D., and Bunge, A., 2000, Soil organic matter characteristics in size fractions of water-stable aggregates and ultrasonically-dispersed particles, <i>in</i> ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints, v. 40, no. 2, p. 118-120.","startPage":"118","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9213e4b08c986b319ca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choate, L.M.","contributorId":58045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ranville, J. F.","contributorId":54245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macalady, D.L.","contributorId":76468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bunge, A.L.","contributorId":100144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunge","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022086,"text":"70022086 - 2000 - Pesticide transport in the San Joaquin River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-10T16:16:29.806952","indexId":"70022086","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Pesticide transport in the San Joaquin River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Pesticide<span>&nbsp;</span>occurrence and concentrations were evaluated in the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">San</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">Joaquin</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">River</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">Basin</span><span>&nbsp;</span>to determine potential sources and mode of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">transport</span>. Land use in the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">basin</span><span>&nbsp;</span>is mainly agricultural. Spatial variations in<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">pesticide</span><span>&nbsp;</span>occurrence were evaluated in relation to<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">pesticide</span><span>&nbsp;</span>application and cropping patterns in three contrasting subbasins and at the mouth of the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">basin</span>. Temporal variability in<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">pesticide</span><span>&nbsp;</span>occurrence was evaluated by fixed interval sampling and by sampling across the hydrograph during winter storms. Four herbicides (simazine, metolachlor, dacthal, and EPTC) and two insecticides (diazinon and chlorpyrifos) were detected in more than 50 percent of the samples. Temporal, and to a lesser extent spatial, variation in<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">pesticide</span><span>&nbsp;</span>occurrence is usually consistent with<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">pesticide</span><span>&nbsp;</span>application and cropping patterns. Diazinon concentrations changed rapidly during winter storms, and both eastern and western tributaries contributed diazinon to the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">San</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">Joaquin</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">River</span><span>&nbsp;</span>at concentrations toxic to the water flea<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i><span>&nbsp;</span>at different times during the hydrograph. During these storms, toxic concentrations resulted from the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\" onclick=\"highlight()\">transport</span><span>&nbsp;</span>of only a very small portion of the applied diazinon.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agrochemical fate and movement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/bk-2000-0751.ch020","issn":"00976156","usgsCitation":"Dubrovsky, N.M., Kratzer, C.R., Panshin, S.Y., Gronberg, J.M., and Kuivila, K., 2000, Pesticide transport in the San Joaquin River Basin, <i>in</i> Agrochemical fate and movement, v. 751, p. 306-322, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0751.ch020.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"306","endPage":"322","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.531005859375,\n              36.328402729422656\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.83886718750001,\n              36.69485094156225\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.36645507812499,\n              36.99816565700228\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.54223632812501,\n              37.33522435930639\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.92675781249999,\n              37.60987994374712\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.9102783203125,\n              37.896530447543\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.90478515625,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              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nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panshin, Sandra Y.","contributorId":46126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panshin","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-4822-7434 jmgronbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-7434","contributorId":3548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","email":"jmgronbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-7940-489X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":260408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022083,"text":"70022083 - 2000 - Kelp forest fish populations in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas of central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:37:14.503481","indexId":"70022083","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kelp forest fish populations in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas of central California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Population structure (density and size distribution) of 10 species of epibenthic kelp forest fishes was compared between three marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas in central California. We also contrasted substrate relief, algal turf cover, and kelp population density among these areas. Densities of fishes were 12–35% greater within the reserves, but this difference was not statistically significant. Habitat features explained only 4% of the variation in fish density and did not vary consistently between reserves and nonreserves. The average length of rockfish (genus&nbsp;</span><i>Sebastes</i><span>) was significantly greater in two of the three reserve sites, as was the proportion of larger fish. Population density and size differences combined to produce substantially greater biomass and, therefore, greater reproductive potential per unit of area within the reserves. The magnitude of these effects seems to be influenced by the reserve's age. Our findings demonstrate that current levels of fishing pressure influence kelp forest rockfish populations and suggest that this effect is widespread in central California. Existing marine reserves in central California kelp forests may help sustain exploited populations both through adult emigration and larval pool augmentation. The magnitude of these effects remains uncertain, however, because the spatial scale of both larval and adult dispersal relative to the size of existing reserves is unknown.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0855:KFFPIM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Paddack, M., and Estes, J.A., 2000, Kelp forest fish populations in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas of central California: Ecological Applications, v. 10, no. 3, p. 855-870, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0855:KFFPIM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"870","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Big Creek Marine Ecological Reserve, Hopkins Marine Life Refuge, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Point Lobos State and Ecological Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.398681640625,\n              36.23984280222428\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.497802734375,\n              36.23984280222428\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.497802734375,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.398681640625,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.398681640625,\n              36.23984280222428\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a406ee4b0c8380cd64d67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paddack, M.J.","contributorId":21894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paddack","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022474,"text":"70022474 - 2000 - Redox conditions and the efficiency of chlorinated ethene biodegradation: Field studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022474","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Redox conditions and the efficiency of chlorinated ethene biodegradation: Field studies","docAbstract":"The effect of redox conditions on the efficiency of chlorinated ethene biodegradation was investigated at two field sites. One site (NAS Cecil Field, FL) is characterized by predominantly Fe(III)-reducing conditions in the contaminant source area, grading to predominantly sulfate- reducing conditions downgradient. This sequence of redox conditions led to relatively inefficient biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes, with high concentrations of trichloroethene extending more than 400 meters downgradient of the source area. In contrast, a second site (NBS Kings Bay, GA) characterized by predominantly sulfate-reducing conditions in the source area followed by Fe(III)-reducing conditions downgradient. In this system perchloroethene (PCE) and TCE were rapidly biodegraded and extended less than 100 meters downgradient. Rates of ground- water transport are similar at the two sites (???0.2 m/d) indicating that the succession of redox processes, rather than other hydrologic factors, is the principal control on biodegradation. In particular, redox conditions that favor the initial reduction of highly chlorinated ethenes (methanogenic or sulfate-reducing conditions) followed by more oxidizing conditions (Fe(III)- reducing or oxic conditions) favors efficient biodegradation. Thus, documenting the succession of redox processes is an important step in understanding the efficiency of chlorinated ethene biodegradation in ground-water systems.","largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","language":"English","issn":"00933066","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., and Bradley, P., 2000, Redox conditions and the efficiency of chlorinated ethene biodegradation: Field studies, <i>in</i> ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints, v. 40, no. 2, p. 343-345.","startPage":"343","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3bde4b0e8fec6cdb959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022446,"text":"70022446 - 2000 - Effects of heterogeneity in aquifer permeability and biomass on biodegradation rate calculations: Results from numerical simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T09:48:47","indexId":"70022446","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of heterogeneity in aquifer permeability and biomass on biodegradation rate calculations: Results from numerical simulations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerical simulations were used to examine the effects of heterogeneity in hydraulic conductivity (K) and intrinsic biodegradation rate on the accuracy of contaminant plume‐scale biodegradation rates obtained from field data. The simulations were based on a steady‐state BTEX contaminant plume undergoing biodegradation under sulfate‐reducing conditions, with the electron acceptor in excess. Biomass was either uniform or correlated with K to model spatially variable intrinsic biodegradation rates. A hydraulic conductivity data set from an alluvial aquifer was used to generate three sets of 10 realizations with different degrees of heterogeneity, and contaminant transport with biodegradation was simulated with BIOMOC. Biodegradation rates were calculated from the steady‐state contaminant plumes using decrease in concentration with distance downgradient and a single flow velocity estimate, as is commonly done in site characterization to support the interpretation of natural attenuation. The observed rates were found to underestimate the actual rate specified in the heterogeneous model in all cases. The discrepancy between the observed rate and the “true” rate depended on the ground water flow velocity estimate, and increased with increasing heterogeneity in the aquifer. For a lognormal K distribution with variance of 0.46, the estimate was no more than a factor of 1.4 slower than the true rate. For an aquifer with 20% silt/clay lenses, the rate estimate was as much as nine times slower than the true rate. Homogeneous‐permeability, uniform‐degradation rate simulations were used to generate predictions of remediation time with the rates estimated from the heterogeneous models. The homogeneous models generally overestimated the extent of remediation or underestimated remediation time, due to delayed degradation of contaminants in the low‐K areas. Results suggest that aquifer characterization for natural attenuation at contaminated sites should include assessment of the presence and extent of, and contaminant concentrations in, low‐permeability areas of an aquifer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02706.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., 2000, Effects of heterogeneity in aquifer permeability and biomass on biodegradation rate calculations: Results from numerical simulations: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 5, p. 702-712, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02706.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"702","endPage":"712","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0711e4b0c8380cd5153f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}