Deformation along the Denali fault in the Delta River canyon was determined from geodetic surveys in 1941/1942, 1970, 1975, and 1979. The data were best for the 1975–1979 interval; in that period the average strain accumulation was essentially pure right lateral shear at a rate of 0.6 ± 0.1 μrad/a (a is years) (engineering shear) across a vertical plane striking N87°E. The plane of maximum shear is rotated about 30° counterclockwise from the local strike of the Denali fault but closely coincides with the strike of a major linear segment of the fault that begins 50 km farther west. The deformation between 1941/1942 and 1970 is consistent with a similar rate of strain accumulation if one removes the coseismic strain step contributed by the 1964 Alaska earthquake. The 1970–1975 deformation is poorly defined owing to uncertainties in the 1970 survey, but the strain accumulation during that period is certainly much less than during the 1975–1979 interval. The 1975–1979 strain accumulation is interpreted by means of a dislocation model which suggests that the Denali fault in the vicinity of the Delta River Canyon behaves as a leaky transform fault (i.e., a source of spreading as well as lateral slip). The block south of the Denali fault appears to be moving westward (parallel to the strike of the Denali fault west of the 147th meridian) at the rate of about 20 mm/a relative to the North American plate. Because the linear segment of the Denali fault east of the 147th meridian (along which the geodetic network is located) strikes N63°W, accommodation of the westward motion of the southern block requires some spreading within the fault zone as well as right lateral slip on the fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB02p01005","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., Lisowski, M., and Prescott, W., 1981, Strain accumulation across the Denali fault in the Delta River canyon, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B2, p. 1005-1014, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB02p01005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1014","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b988fe4b08c986b31c099","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011917,"text":"70011917 - 1981 - Geochemical prospecting for hydrocarbons in the outer continental shelf, Southern Bering Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T14:05:36.878562","indexId":"70011917","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical prospecting for hydrocarbons in the outer continental shelf, Southern Bering Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"This geochemical survey is based on 20 stations located on the outer continental shelf of the southern Bering Sea in an area of 30,000 km2 that includes St. George basin. Hydrocarbon gases from sediment samples recovered by gravity coring at each of the stations were analyzed by gas chromatography. Data are summarized for a subbottom depth of 0.5 m, because core penetration, although variable, reached at least this depth at all of these stations. Two parameters were used to distinguish the possible presence of thermogenic hydrocarbons: (1) ratios less than 50 of methane to ethane plus propane; and (2) ratios greater than 1 of ethane to ethene. No major hydrocarbon anomalies were discovered; however, at two stations at the northern end of St. George basin, our data indicate that thermogenic hydrocarbons may be present at depth. Major faulting in the vicinity of these stations could provide the pathways for the gas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(81)90113-8","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., Vogel, T., and Gardner, J., 1981, Geochemical prospecting for hydrocarbons in the outer continental shelf, Southern Bering Sea, Alaska: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 14, no. C, p. 209-219, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(81)90113-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220728,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1693e4b0c8380cd551c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogel, T.M.","contributorId":30360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011808,"text":"70011808 - 1981 - Transverse tectonic boundaries near Kodiak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T12:05:14.62261","indexId":"70011808","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transverse tectonic boundaries near Kodiak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Transverse tectonic boundaries exist at the northeast and southwest ends of the Kodiak islands, so that the Aleutian arc-trench system is longitudinally segmented in this area. Evidence for the transverse boundaries includes alignments of such geologic features as offset volcanic lineations, terminations of structural trends, and boundaries of discrete zones of earthquake aftershock sequences. The boundaries appear to be broad zones of disruption that began to form during the late Miocene or Pliocene. Although oceanic fracture zones and seamount chains intersect the continental margin near the boundaries, subduction of these features probably did not cause the tectonic boundaries. The fracture zones and seamount chains have swept northeastward along the margin, at least since the late Pliocene, because of the direction of convergence of the Pacific and North American plates.
Forty oil samples from across the North Slope of Alaska have been analyzed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Geological Survey. Results of these analyses suggest two separate genetic oil types. The first, the Simpson-Umiat oil type, occurs in reservoir rocks of Cretaceous and Quaternary age and includes oil from seeps in the Skull Cliff, Cape Simpson, Manning Point, and Ungoon Point areas, and oils from Wolf Creek test 3, and the Cape Simpson and Umiat oil fields. These are higher gravity, low-sulfur oils with no, or slight, odd-numbered n-alkane predominance and pristane to phytane ratios greater than 1.5. Also, these oils have ^dgr13C values ranging from -29.1 to -27.8 parts per thousand (ppt) and ^dgr34S values from -10.3 to -4.9 ppt. The s cond type, the Barrow-Prudhoe oil type, occurs in reservoir rocks of Carboniferous to Cretaceous age and includes oils from South Barrow gas field, Prudhoe Bay oil field, and the Fish Creek test well 1. Physical properties of Barrow-Prudhoe oils are variable, but in general the oils are medium-gravity, high-sulfur oils with slight even-numbered n-alkane predominance and pristane to phytane ratios less than 1.5. Also these oils have ^dgr13C values of -30.3 to -29.8 ppt and ^dgr34S values from -30.0 to +2.1 ppt. The two types are believed to originate from different source rocks; the Barrow-Prudhoe type may have originated from a carbonate or other iron-deficient source rock, and the Simpson-Umiat type from a siliciclastic source rock. Occurrences of the two oil types when outlined on a map, indicate at least two areas for additional exploration: for the Barrow-Prudhoe type, in stratigraphic traps along and adjacent to the Barrow arch, and for the Simpson-Umiat type, in Cretaceous rocks along the trend between the Simpson and Umiat oil fields and in Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks from Prudhoe Bay field to the William O. Douglas Arctic Wildlife Range.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/2F91999F-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Magoon, L.B., and Claypool, G., 1981, Two oil types on North slope of Alaska: Implications for exploration: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 65, no. 4, p. 644-652, https://doi.org/10.1306/2F91999F-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"644","endPage":"652","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.36099631312058,\n 72\n ],\n [\n -171.36099631312058,\n 67.60836941407425\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 67.60836941407425\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 72\n ],\n [\n -171.36099631312058,\n 72\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb967e4b08c986b327bfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magoon, L. B.","contributorId":44531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012045,"text":"70012045 - 1981 - Geology and geochemistry of gas-charged sediment on Kodiak Shelf, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T17:31:56.753155","indexId":"70012045","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and geochemistry of gas-charged sediment on Kodiak Shelf, Alaska","docAbstract":"Methane concentrations in some sediment cores from the Kodiak Shelf and adjacent continental slope increase with depth by three or four orders of magnitude and exceed the solubility in water at ambient conditions. Acoustic anomalies in seismic-reflection records imply that methane-rich sediment is widespread. Molecular composition of hydrocarbon gases and isotopic composition of methane indicate gas formation by shallow biogenic processes. Stratigraphic positions of acoustic anomalies in Quaternary glacial and posttransgressive sediments suggest that these units are likely sources of gas. A seep along the extension of a fault may be gas venting from a deeper thermogenic source.
","language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02463332","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Hampton, M.A., and Kvenvolden, K., 1981, Geology and geochemistry of gas-charged sediment on Kodiak Shelf, Alaska: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 1, no. 2, p. 141-147, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02463332.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.5341796875,\n 58.876263846088314\n ],\n [\n -156.4892578125,\n 56.65622649350222\n ],\n [\n -157.8076171875,\n 56.00452420115398\n ],\n [\n -156.13769531249997,\n 54.36135760559306\n ],\n [\n -154.940185546875,\n 53.89786522246521\n ],\n [\n -148.853759765625,\n 57.16603560463154\n ],\n [\n -148.0517578125,\n 57.81550367239279\n ],\n [\n -152.5341796875,\n 58.876263846088314\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22dae4b0c8380cd573c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007524,"text":"1007524 - 1981 - Drug immobilization of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T18:21:30","indexId":"1007524","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drug immobilization of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus)","docAbstract":"Five out of nine walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) were successfully immobilized at Round Island, Alaska, in May of 1978 by combinations of phencyclidine hydrochloride and acepromazine hydrochloride. A crossbow was an effective delivery technique. Walruses that had recently hauled out were more suitable for immobilization than well-rested animals. Care was taken to prevent walruses from overheating or suffocating.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f81-048","usgsCitation":"DeMaster, D., Faro, J., Estes, J.A., Taggart, J., and Zabel, C., 1981, Drug immobilization of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 38, p. 365-367, https://doi.org/10.1139/f81-048.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"367","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db633ff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeMaster, D.P.","contributorId":93848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMaster","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faro, J.B.","contributorId":44875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faro","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taggart, James","contributorId":127699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taggart","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zabel, C.","contributorId":67050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zabel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70012019,"text":"70012019 - 1981 - Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12740,"text":"ofr80809 - 1980 - Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","indexId":"ofr80809","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70012019,"text":"70012019 - 1981 - Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","indexId":"70012019","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T11:06:49","indexId":"70012019","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic reflection data, recorded offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, were processed digitally to determine the reflectivity structure of the uppermost layers of the seafloor. A prominent reflector, found at 27 m below the mud line (water depths 7-9 m), has a negative reflection coefficient greater than 0.5. The large acoustic impedance contrast, coupled with a report of gas encountered at a corresponding depth in a nearby drillhole, shows that the reflector is the upper boundary of a zone containing gas. The gas exists in sandy gravel capped by stiff, silty clay. Analysis of unprocessed conventional high-resolution records from the region indicates that the gas-bearing layer may extend over an area of at least 50 km2 at a depth of 20-35 m below the mud line. Similar-appearing reflectors (Reimnitz, 1972), previously unexplained, occur in patches over wide regions of the shelf where offshore oil development is beginning at a rapid pace. This suggests the exercise of caution with respect to possible hazards from shallow gas pockets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0165-232X(81)90031-8","issn":"0165232X","usgsCitation":"Boucher, G., Reimnitz, E., and Kempema, E., 1981, Seismic evidence for an extensive gas-bearing layer at shallow depth, offshore from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 4, no. 1, p. 63-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(81)90031-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267107,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(81)90031-8"},{"id":222333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prudhoe Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b0ee4b08c986b31755d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boucher, G.","contributorId":19290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boucher","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kempema, E.","contributorId":53395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kempema","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011805,"text":"70011805 - 1981 - Depositional and erosional features of the inner shelf, northeastern Bering Sea.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011805","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1794,"text":"Geologie en Mijnbouw","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional and erosional features of the inner shelf, northeastern Bering Sea.","docAbstract":"Sonographs and bathymetric profiles from water depths less than 15m in the Nome-Solomon, Port Clarence, and Yukon Delta areas of the Alaskan Bering Sea coast show features generated by waves, currents, and drifting ice. The surficial sediments in the Nome-Solomon and Port Clarence areas range in grain size from sand to boulder gravel and have many surface features visible on sonographs, whereas the sediments off the Yukon Delta are fine sands and silts that have few such features. Materials in the Nome-Solomon and Port Clarence areas have been seggregated by grain size into ribbons and irregular, elongate, and lobate patches. Coarse sand and fine gravel patches and ribbons are characterized by symmetrical ripples generated by storm waves. Ice-gouged furrows occur in all the nearshore areas studied.-from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologie en Mijnbouw","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hunter, R.E., Thor, D., and Swisher, M., 1981, Depositional and erosional features of the inner shelf, northeastern Bering Sea.: Geologie en Mijnbouw, v. 61, no. 1, p. 49-62.","startPage":"49","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059febae4b0c8380cd4eec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, R. E.","contributorId":48148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thor, D.R.","contributorId":79521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thor","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swisher, M.L.","contributorId":42709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swisher","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011919,"text":"70011919 - 1981 - Faulting in outer continental shelf of southern Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T17:26:52.425827","indexId":"70011919","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Faulting in outer continental shelf of southern Bering Sea","docAbstract":"Synthesis of more than 10 000 line-km of high-resolution seismic data indicates the distribution, types, and trends of faults present on the outer continental shelf of the southern Bering Sea. Faults are classified into three types as to whether they 1) offset the sea floor (surface fault), 2) show less than 5m of displacement (minor fault), of 3) show more than 5m of displacement (major fault). The distribution of surface faults follows the outline of St George basin and suggests that the basin is presently subsiding. Minor faults are concentrated throughout St George and Amak basins but are not common elsewhere in the region. Major faults appear to be associated with the boundary faults of St George and, to a lesser extent, Amak basins. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811158","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Aeromagnetic map of the Ugashik-Karluk area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1158, 1 Plate: 27.66 x 24.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811158.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.66 x 24.55 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79817,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1158/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108099,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11899.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"11899"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ugashik-Karluk area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -155.333,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -155.333,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 58\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae7e4b07f02db68c2fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45915,"text":"ofr8184A - 1981 - Oil and gas resource assessment areas, U. S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, 1980: Alaska, regions 1 and 1A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T21:03:11.839169","indexId":"ofr8184A","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-84","chapter":"A","title":"Oil and gas resource assessment areas, U. S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, 1980: Alaska, regions 1 and 1A","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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H.","contributorId":68717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70181761,"text":"70181761 - 1981 - Strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus may be identified by structural protein differences","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70181761,"text":"70181761 - 1981 - Strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus may be identified by structural protein differences","indexId":"70181761","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus may be identified by structural protein differences"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":1013602,"text":"1013602 - 1981 - Fish biologics: Serodiagnostics and vaccines","indexId":"1013602","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Fish biologics: Serodiagnostics and vaccines"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":1013602,"text":"1013602 - 1981 - Fish biologics: Serodiagnostics and vaccines","indexId":"1013602","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Fish biologics: Serodiagnostics and vaccines"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-25T15:27:44","indexId":"70181761","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1384,"text":"Developments in Biological Standardization","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus may be identified by structural protein differences","docAbstract":"The development of an effective vaccine to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in fish requires a knowledge of the virus serotypes in nature. At least two serotypes were found among three IHNV strains (12). Attempts in our laboratory to extend this study with additional virus strains by classical immunological techniques were unsatisfactory. Thus, we sought another method for comparing IHNV strains. We report here that different strains of IHNV can be distinguished by the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the viron polypeptides. Major strain differences were noted in the molecular weights of the envelope glycoprotein, G, and the nucleocapsid protein, N.
The strains of IHNV were established from samples taken at several locations in California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. These strains were also characterized by growth rate at 15° and 18°C and average plaque size. Distinct differences in growth rate at the two temperatures were found for the California strains. The California strains were distinguished from the other strains by the production of minute plaques.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish biologics: Serodiagnostics and vaccines (Developments in biological standardization, volume 49)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Fish Biologics","conferenceDate":"April 26-30, 1981","conferenceLocation":"Leetown, WV","language":"English","publisher":"S. Karger","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","issn":"0301-5149","isbn":"3-8055-3471-X","usgsCitation":"Leong, J., Hsu, Y.L., Engelking, H.M., and Mulcahy, D.M., 1981, Strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus may be identified by structural protein differences, in Fish biologics: Serodiagnostics and vaccines (Developments in biological standardization, volume 49), v. 49, Leetown, WV, April 26-30, 1981, p. 43-55.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.karger.com/Book/Home/220215"}],"volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a2d3c3e4b0c82512869a34","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698963,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Leong, J.C.","contributorId":152183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leong","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25665,"text":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsu, Ya Li","contributorId":152436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsu","given":"Ya","email":"","middleInitial":"Li","affiliations":[{"id":25665,"text":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engelking, H. Mark","contributorId":168718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelking","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":16267,"text":"Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70162236,"text":"70162236 - 1980 - Observations of wing-feather molt and summer feeding ecology of Steller's Eiders at Nelson Lagoon, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:53:53","indexId":"70162236","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Observations of wing-feather molt and summer feeding ecology of Steller's Eiders at Nelson Lagoon, Alaska","docAbstract":"The population size, moult chronology, food habits, and feeding behaviour of Steller's Eiders Polysticta stelleri were studied at Nelson Lagoon, Alaska from May to October 1977. Sub-adults were flightless from late July to late August and the adult males were flightless from late August to mid September. Adult females were rarely flightless at Nelson Lagoon but commonly flightless at Izembek Bay. Steller's Eiders ate primarily bivalve mollusca and amphipod crustacea, with Mytilus edulis and Anisogammarus pugettensis the most important foods. Eiders took amphipoda prior to the wing-feather moult, bivalves during the wing-feather moult, and both types of invertebrates after the wing-feather moult. Steller's Eiders fed primarily at the low tide by diving (flock-feeding) or head-dipping, both during the day and at night. There was no difference in feeding behaviour between ages or sexes. Eiders fed almost exclusively by diving after the wing-feather moult and apparently fed more as the season progressed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., 1980, Observations of wing-feather molt and summer feeding ecology of Steller's Eiders at Nelson Lagoon, Alaska: Wildfowl, v. 31, p. 99-106.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/613"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nelson Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.45919799804688,\n 55.90072605779239\n ],\n [\n -161.45919799804688,\n 56.083531295736364\n ],\n [\n -160.75195312499997,\n 56.083531295736364\n ],\n [\n -160.75195312499997,\n 55.90072605779239\n ],\n [\n -161.45919799804688,\n 55.90072605779239\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f6c3fe4b0961cf27fd18a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222066,"text":"5222066 - 1980 - Organochlorine pesticide, PCB, and PBB residues and necropsy data for bald eagles from 29 states - 1975-77","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T10:55:24","indexId":"5222066","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:28","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine pesticide, PCB, and PBB residues and necropsy data for bald eagles from 29 states - 1975-77","docAbstract":"During 1975-77, 168 bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) found moribund or dead in 29 states were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); 32 specimens from 13 states were analyzed for polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs). PCBs were present in 166 bald eagle carcasses and DDE was found in 165. TDE and dieldrin were identified in 137 samples, trans-nonachlor in 118, and oxychlordane in 90. Brains of five eagles contained possible lethal levels of dieldrin, and two eagles possibly died of endrin poisoning. Nine eagle livers, analyzed because of suspected lead poisoning, contained high levels of lead. Twenty percent of the eagles died from shooting, the most common cause of death; this cause of death, however, has declined.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Kaiser, T.E., Reichel, W.L., Locke, L.N., Cromartie, E., Krynitsky, A.J., Lamont, T., Mulhern, B.M., Prouty, R.M., Stafford, C.J., and Swineford, D.M., 1980, Organochlorine pesticide, PCB, and PBB residues and necropsy data for bald eagles from 29 states - 1975-77: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 13, no. 4, p. 145-149.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"149","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269771,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26112125"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a74c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaiser, T. Earl","contributorId":84826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reichel, William L.","contributorId":62707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reichel","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locke, Louis N.","contributorId":71233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cromartie, Eugene","contributorId":66672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cromartie","given":"Eugene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krynitsky, Alexander J.","contributorId":81542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lamont, Thair","contributorId":56321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Thair","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mulhern, Bernard M.","contributorId":105177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulhern","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prouty, Richard M.","contributorId":79121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prouty","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stafford, Charles J.","contributorId":65338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Swineford, Douglas M.","contributorId":176501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swineford","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70012162,"text":"70012162 - 1980 - Paleolimnology of two lakes in the Klutlan Glacier region, Yukon Territory, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T16:56:19.461224","indexId":"70012162","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleolimnology of two lakes in the Klutlan Glacier region, Yukon Territory, Canada","docAbstract":"Lakes developed on progressively younger end moraines of the Klutlan Glacier were initially assumed to have originated shortly after moraine emplacement and to have persisted to the present. Limnological differences between lakes on old vs young moraines were thought to result from limnological maturation within the lakes and ponds themselves and in response to the development of soils and vegetation on moraine surfaces. This study represents a paleolimnological test of this hypothesis. If true, the first-formed sediments of lakes on old moraines should be comparable to sediments presently forming in lakes on young moraines. Geochemical and paleontological studies of surface sediment to a series of lakes on progressively older moraines provide baseline information for comparing successive levels of lake sediment cores from older moraines. Results indicate that the time of lake initiation seldom reflects moraine age. Even on the oldest moraine (Harris Creek), lake basins are presently forming. Their sediment character more closely relates to the rapidity of basin formation due to melting of buried ice than to age of the lake itself or of the moraine on which it is situated. Vegetation and soil development play an important but secondary role in determining the character of lake sediments; rapid subsidence can convert humic-water lakes surrounded by second-generation spruce forests into turbid-water lakes with unstable, slumping margins. A detailed paleolimnological study of two lakes, one on the unglaciated upland and another in an outwash channel penetrating the oldest moraine, revealed progressive limnologic changes through time, suggesting that their basins were stable for 1200 and 400 yr, respectively. The changes in diatom stratigraphy of these lakes appear to relate to natural limnological changes associated with lake maturation and accumulation of nutrients as well as to changes in the surrounding vegetation and soils.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(80)90011-3","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Bradbury, J., and Whiteside, M., 1980, Paleolimnology of two lakes in the Klutlan Glacier region, Yukon Territory, Canada: Quaternary Research, v. 14, no. 1, p. 149-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(80)90011-3.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"168","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Klutlan Glacier, Yukon Territory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.43870210452135,\n 61.38706588615386\n ],\n [\n -142.43870210452135,\n 60.25153104610189\n ],\n [\n -139.92555185207507,\n 60.25153104610189\n ],\n [\n -139.92555185207507,\n 61.38706588615386\n ],\n [\n -142.43870210452135,\n 61.38706588615386\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73ffe4b0c8380cd773a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whiteside, M.C.","contributorId":20610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteside","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012266,"text":"70012266 - 1980 - Identification of bedforms in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:49:00.496286","indexId":"70012266","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of bedforms in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","docAbstract":"The seafloor of the central part of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, is characterized by the presence of different sizes and types of bedforms. The bedforms in the sandy sediments include straight-crested to sinuous to lunate ripples, small, medium, and large sand waves, sand ridges, sand ribbons, and sand patches. In addition, rocky and pebbly seafloor has been identified. The water depth ranges from 25 to 120 m, and surface currents average 3.8 kt (2 m/s). Bottom currents have been measured at as much as 42 cm/s at 1 m above bottom. Underwater television observations have shown that the rate of sand transport is lower than expected because small amounts of clay and organic matter appear to inhibit remobilization. Only during the last 1 to 2 h of ebb and flood stages of spring tides, and during storms, does significant transport occur.
Comparison of data from high-resolution seismic profiling systems, side-scan sonar, bottom television and camera, and bottom sampling shows that bottom and bedform interpretations based solely on sonographs can be in error. Measuring the length of ‘acoustic shadows’ on sonographs to obtain bedform heights gives dimensions that are too large by factors of 3–7. Bottom television investigations revealed that the troughs between small sand waves are flat and carpeted by shell fragments. Such coarse material has a high acoustic reflectance that is not related to slope or height and can lead to false interpretations on bedform dimensions. Our observations have shown that small sand waves commonly superimposed on larger ones are slightly higher than those present on flat hard bottom but are still less than calculated from acoustic shadows.
Where the bottom is rather smooth or contains elevations small enough to be masked by bathymetric ‘noise’ caused by the pitching of the vessel, sonographs typically show either small sand waves, sand ribbons, sand patches, rocks, or smooth bottom. The smooth-bottom category can vary widely from ripples to gravelly or shelly or to small rocks with biological overgrowth as verified by television observations.
Our observations have clearly demonstrated the need for an integrated multi-scale observation and sampling program in order to classify the bottom characteristics and to provide quantitative data for transport calculations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(80)90010-X","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Bouma, A., Rappeport, M., Orlando, R., and Hampton, M.A., 1980, Identification of bedforms in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska: Sedimentary Geology, v. 26, no. 1-3, p. 157-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(80)90010-X.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"177","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"lower Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.4870322206383,\n 60.100055067421806\n ],\n [\n -153.1066624856955,\n 59.49951256275391\n ],\n [\n -152.6488113750808,\n 59.05498886789985\n ],\n [\n -152.22257659606962,\n 59.07011485805333\n ],\n [\n -152.00553241070148,\n 59.20694226681388\n ],\n [\n -151.80028880939128,\n 60.072502146811104\n ],\n [\n -152.4870322206383,\n 60.100055067421806\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3822e4b0c8380cd61460","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouma, A.H.","contributorId":107281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouma","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rappeport, M.L.","contributorId":48157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rappeport","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orlando, R.C.","contributorId":69152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70010361,"text":"70010361 - 1980 - Geochemistry of amino acids in shells of the clam Saxidomus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-18T15:55:17.622549","indexId":"70010361","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3067,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of amino acids in shells of the clam Saxidomus","docAbstract":"Concentrations of amino acids and their corresponding
No abstract available.
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Aerial photographs taken in 1957 and a sequence of photographs taken at about 2-month intervals since 1976, when analyzed photogrammetrically, provided detailed data on changes in Columbia Glacier's thickness, flow rate, and terminal position. Annual embayments in the glacier 's terminus form during the summer-autumn season in most years; the size of embayments appears to be related to (1) the thickness of the glacier, and (2) the position and nature of subglacial freshwater discharge. Embayments have apparently increased in size in recent years; the largest embayments yet observed formed in 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1978. From April 1, 1977, to April 1, 1978, the total volume of ice calved was about 1.0 cubic kilometer. By January 1979 the glacier front had retreated from Heather Island. Glacier flow varies seasonally and synchronously in the lower 17 kilometers of the glacier; large accelerations occur near the terminus in response to embayment formation. 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