{"pageNumber":"3280","pageRowStart":"81975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70022320,"text":"70022320 - 2000 - Possible origin and significance of extension-parallel drainages in Arizona's metamophic core complexes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-22T15:14:52.280715","indexId":"70022320","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible origin and significance of extension-parallel drainages in Arizona's metamophic core complexes","docAbstract":"The corrugated form of the Harcuvar, South Mountains, and Catalina metamorphic core complexes in Arizona reflects the shape of the middle Tertiary extensional detachment fault that projects over each complex. Corrugation axes are approximately parallel to the fault-displacement direction and to the footwall mylonitic lineation. The core complexes are locally incised by enigmatic, linear drainages that parallel corrugation axes and the inferred extension direction and are especially conspicuous on the crests of antiformal corrugations. These drainages have been attributed to erosional incision on a freshly denuded, planar, inclined fault ramp followed by folding that elevated and preserved some drainages on the crests of rising antiforms. According to this hypothesis, corrugations were produced by folding after subacrial exposure of detachment-fault foot-walls. An alternative hypothesis, proposed here, is as follows. In a setting where preexisting drainages cross an active normal fault, each fault-slip event will cut each drainage into two segments separated by a freshly denuded fault ramp. The upper and lower drainage segments will remain hydraulically linked after each fault-slip event if the drainage in the hanging-wall block is incised, even if the stream is on the flank of an antiformal corrugation and there is a large component of strike-slip fault movement. Maintenance of hydraulic linkage during sequential fault-slip events will guide the lengthening stream down the fault ramp as the ramp is uncovered, and stream incision will form a progressively lengthening, extension-parallel, linear drainage segment. This mechanism for linear drainage genesis is compatible with corrugations as original irregularities of the detachment fault, and does not require folding after early to middle Miocene footwall exhumations. This is desirable because many drainages are incised into nonmylonitic crystalline footwall rocks that were probably not folded under low-temperature, surface conditions. An alternative hypothesis, that drainages were localized by small fault grooves as footwalls were uncovered, is not supported by analysis of a down-plunge fault projection for the southern Rincon Mountains that shows a linear drainage aligned with the crest of a small antiformal groove on the detachment fault, but this process could have been effective elsewhere. Lineation-parallel drainages now plunge gently southwestward on the southwest ends of antiformal corrugations in the South and Buckskin Mountains, but these drainages must have originally plunged northeastward if they formed by either of the two alternative processes proposed here. Footwall exhumation and incision by northeast-flowing streams was apparently followed by core-complex arching and drainage reversal.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<727:POASOE>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Spencer, J., 2000, Possible origin and significance of extension-parallel drainages in Arizona's metamophic core complexes: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 5, p. 727-735, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<727:POASOE>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"735","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Catalina complex, Harcuvar complex, South Mountains complex","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              33.58716733904656\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.96142578125,\n              33.58716733904656\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.96142578125,\n              34.338900400404995\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              34.338900400404995\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              33.58716733904656\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.86279296875,\n              32.879587173066305\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2310791015625,\n              32.879587173066305\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2310791015625,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.86279296875,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.86279296875,\n              32.879587173066305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.4508056640625,\n              31.910204597744382\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0115966796875,\n              31.910204597744382\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0115966796875,\n              32.7872745269555\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4508056640625,\n              32.7872745269555\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4508056640625,\n              31.910204597744382\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e32e4b0c8380cd7a3c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, J.E.","contributorId":91542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022452,"text":"70022452 - 2000 - Testing a multi-tiered stress-gradient model for risk assessment using sediment constituents from coral reef environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022452","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Testing a multi-tiered stress-gradient model for risk assessment using sediment constituents from coral reef environments","docAbstract":"Coral reefs are threatened worldwide by stresses ranging from local to global in extent. One of the major challenges in studies of reef decline is understanding how to distinguish between changes resulting from natural, anthropogenic, local, and global environmental perturbations. As such, a conceptual risk-assessment model is developed that includes tiers for natural stresses, global/regional stresses, and local anthropogenic stresses.","largerWorkTitle":"Carbonate Beaches 2000","conferenceTitle":"Carbonate Beaches 2000","conferenceDate":"5 December 2000 through 8 December 2000","conferenceLocation":"Key Largo, FL","language":"English","isbn":"0784406405","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., and Hallock, P., 2000, Testing a multi-tiered stress-gradient model for risk assessment using sediment constituents from coral reef environments, <i>in</i> Carbonate Beaches 2000, Key Largo, FL, 5 December 2000 through 8 December 2000, p. 202-203.","startPage":"202","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5b8e4b08c986b320c1b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Magoon O TRobbins L LEwing LMagoon O TRobbins L LEwing L","contributorId":128363,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Magoon O TRobbins L LEwing LMagoon O TRobbins L LEwing L","id":536481,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallock, P.","contributorId":91263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallock","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022528,"text":"70022528 - 2000 - Growth and food consumption by tiger muskellunge: Effects of temperature and ration level on bioenergetic model predictions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T20:50:11.246525","indexId":"70022528","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and food consumption by tiger muskellunge: Effects of temperature and ration level on bioenergetic model predictions","docAbstract":"<p>We measured growth of age-0 tiger muskellunge as a function of ration size (25, 50, 75, and 100% C<sub>max</sub>) and water temperature (7.5–25°C) and compared experimental results with those predicted from a bioenergetic model. Discrepancies between actual and predicted values varied appreciably with water temperature and growth rate. On average, model output overestimated winter consumption rates at 10 and 7.5°C by 113 to 328%, respectively, whereas model predictions in summer and autumn (20–25°C) were in better agreement with actual values (4 to 58%). We postulate that variation in model performance was related to seasonal changes in esocid metabolic rate, which were not accounted for in the bioenergetic model. Moreover, accuracy of model output varied with feeding and growth rate of tiger muskellunge. The model performed poorly for fish fed low rations compared with estimates based on fish fed ad libitum rations and was attributed, in part, to the influence of growth rate on the accuracy of bioenergetic predictions. Based on modeling simulations, we found that errors associated with bioenergetic parameters had more influence on model output when growth rate was low, which is consistent with our observations. In addition, reduced conversion efficiency at high ration levels may contribute to variable model performance, thereby implying that waste losses should be modeled as a function of ration size for esocids. Our findings support earlier field tests of the esocid bioenergetic model and indicate that food consumption is generally overestimated by the model, particularly in winter months and for fish exhibiting low feeding and growth rates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0186:GAFCBT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Chipps, S.R., Einfalt, L.M., and Wahl, D., 2000, Growth and food consumption by tiger muskellunge: Effects of temperature and ration level on bioenergetic model predictions: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 1, p. 186-193, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0186:GAFCBT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"193","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2de4e4b0c8380cd5c0fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Einfalt, Lisa M.","contributorId":62784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Einfalt","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wahl, David H.","contributorId":85532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022496,"text":"70022496 - 2000 - Hazard assessment of selenium and other trace elements in wild larval razorback sucker from the Green River, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T16:13:23","indexId":"70022496","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hazard assessment of selenium and other trace elements in wild larval razorback sucker from the Green River, Utah","docAbstract":"Contaminant investigations of the Green River in northeastern Utah have documented selenium contamination at sites receiving irrigation drainage. The Green River provides critical habitat for four endangered fishes including the largest extant riverine population of endangered razorback sucker. Although 2175 larval razorback suckers were collected from the river between 1992 and 1996, very few juveniles have been captured within recent decades. Selenium concentrations were measured in larval razorback suckers collected from five sites in the Green River (Cliff Creek, Stewart Lake Drain, Sportsman's Drain, Greasewood Corral, and Old Charlie Wash) to assess the potential for adverse effects on recruitment of larvae to the juvenile stage and the adult population. Larvae from all sites contained mean selenium concentrations ranging from 4.3 to 5.8 ??g/g. These values were at or above the proposed toxic threshold of 4 ??g/g for adverse biological effects in fish, which was derived from several laboratory and field studies with a wide range of fish species. At two sites, Cliff Creek and Stewart Lake Drain, selenium concentrations in larvae increased over time as fish grew, whereas selenium concentrations decreased as fish grew at Sportsman's Drain. Evaluation of a 279-larvae composite analyzed for 61 elements demonstrated that selenium and, to a lesser extent, vanadium were elevated to concentrations reported to be toxic to a wide range of fish species. Elevated selenium concentrations in larval razorback suckers from the five sites suggest that selenium contamination may be widespread in the Green River, and that survival and recruitment of larvae to the juvenile stage may be limited due to adverse biological effects. Selenium contamination may be adversely affecting the reproductive success and recruitment of endangered razorback sucker.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/eesa.1999.1834","issn":"01476513","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S.J., Muth, R., Waddell, B., and May, T., 2000, Hazard assessment of selenium and other trace elements in wild larval razorback sucker from the Green River, Utah: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 45, no. 2, p. 132-147, https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1999.1834.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206824,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1999.1834"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fc3e4b0c8380cd5d071","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, S. J.","contributorId":27817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muth, R.T.","contributorId":14974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waddell, B.","contributorId":17007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022330,"text":"70022330 - 2000 - Transient groundwater-lake interactions in a continental rift: Sea of Galilee, Israel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-22T15:41:44.729882","indexId":"70022330","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient groundwater-lake interactions in a continental rift: Sea of Galilee, Israel","docAbstract":"The Sea of Galilee, located in the northern part of the Dead Sea rift, is currently an intermediate fresh-water lake. It is postulated that during a short highstand phase of former Lake Lisan in the late Pleistocene, saline water percolated into the subsurface. Since its recession from the Kinarot basin and the instantaneous formation of the fresh-water lake (the Sea of Galilee), the previously intruded brine has been flushed backward toward the lake. Numerical simulations solving the coupled equations of fluid flow and of solute and heat transport are applied to examine the feasibility of this hypothesis. A sensitivity analysis shows that the major parameters controlling basin hydrodynamics are lake-water salinity, aquifer permeability, and aquifer anisotropy. Results show that a highstand period of 3000 yr in Lake Lisan was sufficient for saline water to percolate deep into the subsurface. Because of different aquifer permeabilities on both sides of the rift, brine percolated into a aquifers on the western margin, whereas percolation was negligible on the eastern side. In the simulation, after the occupation of the basin by the Sea of Galilee, the invading saline water was leached backward by a topography-driven flow. It is suggested that the percolating brine on the western side reacted with limestone at depth to form epigenetic dolomite at elevated temperatures. Therefore, groundwater discharging along the western shores of the Sea of Galilee has a higher calcium to magnesium ratio than groundwater on the eastern side.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1694:TGLIIA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Stanislavsky, E., Lyakhovsky, V., and Gvirtzman, H., 2000, Transient groundwater-lake interactions in a continental rift: Sea of Galilee, Israel: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 11, p. 1694-1702, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1694:TGLIIA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1694","endPage":"1702","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tiberias, Sea of Galilee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              35.5902099609375,\n              32.697177359290635\n            ],\n            [\n              35.630035400390625,\n              32.72028788113862\n            ],\n            [\n              35.646514892578125,\n              32.74454748492845\n            ],\n            [\n              35.65063476562499,\n              32.772264659923465\n            ],\n            [\n              35.65063476562499,\n              32.7872745269555\n            ],\n            [\n              35.654754638671875,\n              32.828827094089085\n            ],\n            [\n              35.660247802734375,\n              32.838058359277056\n            ],\n            [\n              35.643768310546875,\n              32.88189375925038\n            ],\n            [\n              35.613555908203125,\n              32.90495631913751\n            ],\n            [\n              35.533905029296875,\n              32.87266705436184\n            ],\n            [\n              35.50643920898437,\n              32.83228893100241\n            ],\n            [\n              35.533905029296875,\n              32.794201303793194\n            ],\n            [\n              35.528411865234375,\n              32.78034721066307\n            ],\n            [\n              35.561370849609375,\n              32.74339241542703\n            ],\n            [\n              35.562744140625,\n              32.71566625570318\n            ],\n            [\n              35.5902099609375,\n              32.697177359290635\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6ffe4b08c986b326fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanislavsky, E.","contributorId":104244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanislavsky","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyakhovsky, V.","contributorId":76492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyakhovsky","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gvirtzman, H.","contributorId":105470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gvirtzman","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022477,"text":"70022477 - 2000 - Perturbations to Saturn's F-ring strands at their closest approach to Prometheus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T17:51:23.833709","indexId":"70022477","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perturbations to Saturn's F-ring strands at their closest approach to Prometheus","docAbstract":"<p>The strange morphology of the F ring of Saturn is thought to be caused by the perturbing effects of two close satellites, Prometheus and Pandora. The F ring and the satellites also experience periodic close encounters as a result of differential precession arising from Saturn's oblateness. Using the orbits of the F-ring strands derived by Murray et al. (1997, Icarus 129, 304-316) the behaviour of the ring particles at their closest approach to Prometheus is analysed using numerical simulations. The results show that a gap and a wave are formed in the ring at each encounter with the satellite. However, the gap is expected to have a short lifetime due to keplerian shear.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00009-X","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Giuliatti, W.S., Murray, C., and Gordon, M., 2000, Perturbations to Saturn's F-ring strands at their closest approach to Prometheus: Planetary and Space Science, v. 48, no. 9, p. 817-827, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00009-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"817","endPage":"827","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pandora, Prometheus, Saturn","volume":"48","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a770ae4b0c8380cd783f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giuliatti, Winter S.M.","contributorId":105867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giuliatti","given":"Winter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, C.D.","contributorId":95628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gordon, M.","contributorId":81656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022132,"text":"70022132 - 2000 - Biotic and abiotic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in wetland sediments: Geochemical and microbial community analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022132","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Biotic and abiotic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in wetland sediments: Geochemical and microbial community analyses","docAbstract":"Additional microcosm experiments with the wetland sediment and groundwater at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, site was presented to assist in elucidating the conditions under which these potentially competing biotic and abiotic degradation reactions for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (PCA) occur in the environment and to evaluate potential seasonal changes in degradation reactions. PCA concentration decreased to below detection within 21 days in the March 1999 experiment, while PCA was still present at day 35 in the July 1999 experiment. Compared to March 1999 experiment, peak concentrations of all daughter products except trichloroethylene (TCE) were delayed in the July 1999 experiment. The relative intensity of the peaks was directly related to the biomass present for each fragment length (bp, base pair). The relative intensities were lower in sediment collected in August 1999 than in March 1999, especially in the bp size range of ??? 160??-240??. These microbial community analyses, along with the geochemical analyses of the microcosms, provide evidence that abiotic production of TCE from PCA degradation is more significant under conditions of low bacterial biomass in the wetland sediments.","largerWorkTitle":"ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts","conferenceTitle":"220th ACS National Meeting","conferenceDate":"20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Wastington, DC","language":"English","issn":"00657727","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M., Voytek, M., and Kirshtein, J., 2000, Biotic and abiotic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in wetland sediments: Geochemical and microbial community analyses, <i>in</i> ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts, v. 40, no. 2, Wastington, DC, 20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000, p. 332-334.","startPage":"332","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a0e4b0c8380cd4ad4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, M.M.","contributorId":29002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirshtein, J.","contributorId":56825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022453,"text":"70022453 - 2000 - Geologic mapping of Europa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-05T18:01:27.923543","indexId":"70022453","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic mapping of Europa","docAbstract":"Galileo data enable the major geological units, structures, and surface features to be identified on Europa. These include five primary units (plains, chaos, band, ridge, and crater materials) and their subunits, along with various tectonic structures such as faults. Plains units are the most widespread. Ridged plains material spans a wide range of geological ages, including the oldest recognizable features on Europa, and appears to represent a style of tectonic resurfacing, rather than cryovolcanism. Smooth plains material typically embays other terrains and units, possibly as a type of fluid emplacement, and is among the youngest material units observed. At global scales, plains are typically mapped as undifferentiated plains material, although in some areas differences can be discerned in the near infrared which might be related to differences in ice grain size. Chaos material is composed of plains and other preexisting materials that have been severely disrupted by inferred internal activity; chaos is characterized by blocks of icy material set in a hummocky matrix. Band material is arrayed in linear, curvilinear, wedge-shaped, or cuspate zones with contrasting albedo and surface textures with respect to the surrounding terrain. Bilateral symmetry observed in some bands and the relationships with the surrounding units suggest that band material forms by the lithosphere fracturing, spreading apart, and infilling with material derived from the subsurface. Ridge material is mapped as a unit on local and some regional maps but shown with symbols at global scales. Ridge material includes single ridges, doublet ridges, and ridge complexes. Ridge materials are considered to represent tectonic processes, possibly accompanied by the extrusion or intrusion of subsurface materials, such as diapirs. The tectonic processes might be related to tidal flexing of the icy lithosphere on diurnal or longer timescales. Crater materials include various interior (smooth central, rough inner, and annular massif) and exterior (continuous ejecta) subunits. Structural features and landforms are shown with conventional symbols. Type localities for the units are identified, along with suggestions for portraying the features on geological maps, including colors and letter abbreviations for material units. Implementing these suggestions by the planetary mapping community would facilitate comparisons of maps for different parts of Europa and contribute to an eventual global synthesis of its complex geology. On the basis of initial mapping results, a stratigraphic sequence is suggested in which ridged plains form the oldest unit on Europa, followed by development of band material and individual ridges. Band materials tend to be somewhat older than ridges, but in many areas the two units formed simultaneously. Similarly, the formation of most chaos follows the development of ridged plains; although chaos is among the youngest materials on Europa, some chaos units might have formed contemporaneously with ridged plains. Smooth plains generally embay all other units and are late-stage in the evolution of the surface. C1 craters are superposed on ridged plains but are crosscut by other materials, including bands and ridges. Most c2 craters postdate all other units, but a few c2 craters are cut by ridge material. C3 craters constitute the youngest recognizable material on Europa. Copyright 2000 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001173","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Greeley, R., Figueredo, P.H., Williams, D., Chuang, F.C., Klemaszewski, J., Kadel, S., Prockter, L., Pappalardo, R., Head, J.W., Collins, G., Spaun, N., Sullivan, R., Moore, J.N., Senske, D., Tufts, B., Johnson, T.V., Belton, M.J., and Tanaka, K.L., 2000, Geologic mapping of Europa: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 105, no. E9, p. 22559-22578, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001173.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"22559","endPage":"22578","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001173","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europa","volume":"105","issue":"E9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1fc4e4b0c8380cd56969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Figueredo, P. H.","contributorId":82499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Figueredo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, D.A.","contributorId":98048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7114,"text":"Arizona State Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chuang, F. C.","contributorId":105452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chuang","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klemaszewski, J.E.","contributorId":88102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemaszewski","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kadel, S.D.","contributorId":93676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kadel","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prockter, L.M.","contributorId":33149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prockter","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pappalardo, R.T.","contributorId":40745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pappalardo","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Head, J. W. III","contributorId":106267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Collins, G.C.","contributorId":88103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Spaun, N.A.","contributorId":95329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaun","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sullivan, R.J.","contributorId":21302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N.","contributorId":13668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Senske, D.A.","contributorId":76896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senske","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Tufts, B.R.","contributorId":93225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tufts","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Johnson, T. V.","contributorId":79619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70022357,"text":"70022357 - 2000 - Pore fluid pressure, apparent friction, and Coulomb failure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T15:53:47","indexId":"70022357","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pore fluid pressure, apparent friction, and Coulomb failure","docAbstract":"Many recent studies of stress-triggered seismicity rely on a fault failure model with a single free parameter, the apparent coefficient of friction, presumed to be a material constant with possible values 0 ≤ μ′ ≤ 1. These studies may present a misleading view of fault strength and the role of pore fluid pressure in earthquake failure. The parameter μ′ is intended to incorporate the effects of both friction and pore pressure, but is a material constant only if changes in pore fluid pressure induced by changes in stress are proportional to the normal stress change across the potential failure plane. Although specific models of fault zones permit such a relation, neither is it known that fault zones within the Earth behave this way, nor is this behavior expected in all cases. In contrast, for an isotropic homogeneous poroelastic model the pore pressure changes are proportional to changes in mean stress, μ′ is not a material constant, and −∞ ≤ μ′ ≤ +∞. Analysis of the change in Coulomb failure stress for tectonically loaded reverse and strike-slip faults shows considerable differences between these two pore pressure models, suggesting that such models might be distinguished from one another using observations of triggered seismicity (e.g., aftershocks). We conclude that using the constant apparent friction model exclusively in studies of Coulomb failure stress is unwise and could lead to significant errors in estimated stress change and seismic hazard.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900119","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N., Simpson, R., Hickman, S., and Lockner, D., 2000, Pore fluid pressure, apparent friction, and Coulomb failure: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B11, p. 25533-25542, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900119.","startPage":"25533","endPage":"25542","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280170,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900119"}],"volume":"105","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7dc9e4b0c8380cd7a163","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, N.M. 0000-0002-3397-8481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":68894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickman, S.H. 0000-0003-2075-9615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":16027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022495,"text":"70022495 - 2000 - Aquatic ecosystem protection and restoration: Advances in methods for assessment and evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T17:14:27.493267","indexId":"70022495","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1563,"text":"Environmental Science and Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic ecosystem protection and restoration: Advances in methods for assessment and evaluation","docAbstract":"Many methods and criteria are available to assess aquatic ecosystems, and this review focuses on a set that demonstrates advancements from community analyses to methods spanning large spatial and temporal scales. Basic methods have been extended by incorporating taxa sensitivity to different forms of stress, adding measures linked to system function, synthesizing multiple faunal groups, integrating biological and physical attributes, spanning large spatial scales, and enabling simulations through time. These tools can be customized to meet the needs of a particular assessment and ecosystem. Two case studies are presented to show how new methods were applied at the ecosystem scale for achieving practical management goals. One case used an assessment of biotic structure to demonstrate how enhanced river flows can improve habitat conditions and restore a diverse fish fauna reflective of a healthy riverine ecosystem. In the second case, multitaxonomic integrity indicators were successful in distinguishing lake ecosystems that were disturbed, healthy, and in the process of restoration. Most methods strive to address the concept of biological integrity and assessment effectiveness often can be impeded by the lack of more specific ecosystem management objectives. Scientific and policy explorations are needed to define new ways for designating a healthy system so as to allow specification of precise quality criteria that will promote further development of ecosystem analysis tools.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1462-9011(00)00029-0","issn":"14629011","usgsCitation":"Bain, M., Harig, A., Loucks, D., Goforth, R., and Mills, K., 2000, Aquatic ecosystem protection and restoration: Advances in methods for assessment and evaluation: Environmental Science and Policy, v. 3, no. S1, p. 89-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1462-9011(00)00029-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed0de4b0c8380cd495c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bain, M.B.","contributorId":45362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bain","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harig, A.L.","contributorId":34288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harig","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loucks, D.P.","contributorId":58415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loucks","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goforth, R.R.","contributorId":14973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goforth","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mills, K.E.","contributorId":19732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022319,"text":"70022319 - 2000 - Mapping the petroleum system - An investigative technique to explore the hydrocarbon fluid system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70022319","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":606,"text":"AAPG Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the petroleum system - An investigative technique to explore the hydrocarbon fluid system","docAbstract":"Creating a petroleum system map includes a series of logical steps that require specific information to explain the origin in time and space of discovered hydrocarbon occurrences. If used creatively, this map provides a basis on which to develop complementary plays and prospects. The logical steps include the characterization of a petroleum system (that is, to identify, map, and name the hydrocarbon fluid system) and the summary of these results on a folio sheet. A petroleum system map is based on the understanding that there are several levels of certainty from \"guessing\" to \"knowing\" that specific oil and gas accumulations emanated from a particular pod of active source rock. Levels of certainty start with the close geographic proximity of two or more accumulations, continues with the close stratigraphic proximity, followed by the similarities in bulk properties, and then detailed geochemical properties. The highest level of certainty includes the positive geochemical correlation of the hydrocarbon fluid in the accumulations to the extract of the active source rock. A petroleum system map is created when the following logic is implemented. Implementation starts when the oil and gas accumulations of a petroleum province are grouped stratigraphically and geographically. Bulk and geochemical properties are used to further refine the groups through the determination of genetically related oil and gas types. To this basic map, surface seeps and well shows are added. Similarly, the active source rock responsible for these hydrocarbon occurrences are mapped to further define the extent of the system. A folio sheet constructed for a hypothetical case study of the Deer-Boar(.) petroleum system illustrates this methodology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"AAPG Memoir","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02718529","usgsCitation":"Magoon, L.B., and Dow, W., 2000, Mapping the petroleum system - An investigative technique to explore the hydrocarbon fluid system: AAPG Memoir, v. 73, p. 53-68.","startPage":"53","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5085e4b0c8380cd6b738","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magoon, L. B.","contributorId":44531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dow, W.G.","contributorId":28034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dow","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022358,"text":"70022358 - 2000 - On the modified Mercalli intensities and magnitudes of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T14:39:41.053663","indexId":"70022358","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the modified Mercalli intensities and magnitudes of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes","docAbstract":"<p>We reexamine original felt reports from the 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes and determine revised isoseismal maps for the three principal mainshocks. In many cases we interpret lower values than those assigned by earlier studies. In some cases the revisions result from an interpretation of original felt reports with an appreciation for site response issues. Additionally, earlier studies had assigned modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) values of V-VII to a substantial number of reports that we conclude do not describe damage commensurate with intensities this high. We investigate several approaches to contouring the MMI values using both analytical and subjective methods. For the first mainshock on 02∶15 LT December 16, 1811, our preferred contouring yields <i>M</i>ω7.2–7.3 using the area-moment regressions of <i>Johnston</i> [1996]. For the 08∶00 LT on January 23, 1812, and 03∶45 LT on February 7, 1812, mainshocks, we obtain <i>M</i>ω7.0 and <i>M</i>ω7.4–7.5, respectively. Our magnitude for the February mainshock is consistent with the established geometry of the Reelfoot fault, which all evidence suggests to have been the causative structure for this event. We note that the inference of lower magnitudes for the New Madrid events implies that site response plays a significant role in controlling seismic hazard at alluvial sites in the central and eastern United States. We also note that our results suggest that thrusting may have been the dominant mechanism of faulting associated with the 1811–1812 sequence.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900110","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., Armbruster, J., Seeber, L., and Hough, J., 2000, On the modified Mercalli intensities and magnitudes of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B10, p. 23839-23864, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900110.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"23839","endPage":"23864","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479340,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900110","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Valley, New Madrid Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.16455078125,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.06640625,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.06640625,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.16455078125,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.16455078125,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ddde4b0c8380cd75378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armbruster, J.G.","contributorId":71202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seeber, L.","contributorId":37329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeber","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hough, J.F.","contributorId":101276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022447,"text":"70022447 - 2000 - Flow variations and macroinvertebrate community responses in a small groundwater-dominated stream in south east England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022447","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow variations and macroinvertebrate community responses in a small groundwater-dominated stream in south east England","docAbstract":"Changes in the macroinvertebrate community in response to flow variations in the Little Stour River, Kent, UK, were examined over a 6 year period (1992-1997). This period included the final year of the 1988-1992 drought, followed by some of the wettest conditions recorded this century and a second period of drought between 1996 and 1997. Each year, samples were collected from 15 sites during late-summer base-flow conditions. Correspondence analysis identified clear differences between samples from upstream and downstream sites, and between drought and non-drought years. Step-wise multiple regression was used to identify hydrological indicators of community variation. Several different indices were used to describe the macroinvertebrate community, including macroinvertebrate community abundance, number of families and species, and individual species. Site characteristics were fundamental in accounting for variation in the unstandardized macroinvertebrate community. However, when differences between sites were controlled, hydrological conditions were found to play a dominant role in explaining ecological variation. Indices of high discharge (or their absence), 4-7 months prior to sampling (i.e. winter-spring), were found to be the most important variables for describing the late-summer community The results are discussed in relation to the role of flow variability in shaping instream communities and management implications. Copyright ?? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Changes in the macroinvertebrate community in response to flow variations in the Little Stour River, Kent, UK, were examined over a 6 year period (1992-1997). This period included the final year of the 1988-1992 drought, followed by some of the wettest conditions recorded this century and a second period of drought between 1996 and 1997. Each year, samples were collected from 15 sites during late-summer base-flow conditions. Correspondence analysis identified clear differences between samples from upstream and downstream sites, and between drought and non-drought years. Step-wise multiple regression was used to identify hydrological indicators of community variation. Several different indices were used to describe the macroinvertebrate community, including macroinvertebrate community abundance, number of families and species, and individual species. Site characteristics were fundamental in accounting for variation in the unstandardized macroinvertebrate community. However, when differences between sites were controlled, hydrological conditions were found to play a dominant role in explaining ecological variation. Indices of high discharge (or their absence), 4-7 months prior to sampling (i.e. winter-spring), were found to be the most important variables for describing the late-summer community. The results are discussed in relation to the role of flow variability in shaping instream communities and management implications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3133::AID-HYP138>3.0.CO;2-J","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Bendix, J., and Hupp, C., 2000, Flow variations and macroinvertebrate community responses in a small groundwater-dominated stream in south east England: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 16-17, p. 3133-3147, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3133::AID-HYP138>3.0.CO;2-J.","startPage":"3133","endPage":"3147","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206754,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3133::AID-HYP138>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"id":230721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"16-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1257e4b0c8380cd54288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bendix, J.","contributorId":59977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bendix","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022161,"text":"70022161 - 2000 - Relations between the detection of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in surface and ground water and its content in gasoline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022161","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Relations between the detection of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in surface and ground water and its content in gasoline","docAbstract":"The relations between the content of MTBE in gasoline and the detection frequency of MTBE in ground and surface water were analyzed using the percent by volume of MTBE in gasoline provided by NIPER. For groundwater, 21 metropolitan areas had information on detection frequency and percent volume of MTBE in gasoline, while for surface water, only 9 metropolitan areas had this information. For groundwater, three cities, i.e., Columbia, SC, Harrisburg, PA, and Norfolk, VA, had values of MTBE in gasoline for only 2 sampling periods and had a MTBE in gasoline for only 2 sampling periods. The frequency of detection of MTBE in surface and ground water had a positive relation to content of MTBE in gasoline. The occurrence of the fuel additive MTBE in ground and surface water was related to its issue in gasoline. The frequency of detection of MTBE was higher in areas that use greater amounts of MTBE in gasoline. As the percent by volume of MTBE in gasoline increased, the frequency of detection of MTBE in ground and surface water increased.","largerWorkTitle":"ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts","conferenceTitle":"220th ACS National Meeting","conferenceDate":"20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000","conferenceLocation":"Wastington, DC","language":"English","issn":"00657727","usgsCitation":"Moran, M., Halde, M., Clawges, R., and Zogorski, J., 2000, Relations between the detection of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in surface and ground water and its content in gasoline, <i>in</i> ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts, v. 40, no. 2, Wastington, DC, 20 August 2000 through 24 August 2000, p. 195-198.","startPage":"195","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a706e4b0e8fec6cdc344","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, M.J.","contributorId":7862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halde, M.J.","contributorId":108142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halde","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clawges, R.M.","contributorId":24779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawges","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022872,"text":"70022872 - 2000 - Evaluation of the prototype surface bypass for salmonid smolts in Spring 1996 and 1997 at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:40:18","indexId":"70022872","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the prototype surface bypass for salmonid smolts in Spring 1996 and 1997 at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>In spring 1996 and 1997, we studied the prototype surface bypass and collector (SBC) at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River in Washington. Our objectives were to determine the most efficient SBC configuration and to describe smolt movements and swimming behavior in the forebay. To do this, we used hydroacoustic and radiotelemetry techniques. The SBC was retrofitted onto the upstream face of the north half of the powerhouse to test the surface bypass method of diverting smolts from turbines. The SBC had three entrances, with mean velocities ranging from 0.37 to 1.92 m/s, and it discharged 113 m3/s through its outlet at Spill Bay 1, which was adjacent to the powerhouse. Different SBC configurations were created by altering the size and shape of entrances. During spring 1996 and 1997, river discharge was well above normal (123 and 154% of average, respectively). Powerhouse operations caused a strong downward component of flow upstream of the SBC. Many smolts (primarily steelhead and secondarily chinook salmon) were observed actively swimming upward in the water column. There were four times as many smolts diverted from turbines per unit volume of water with SBC flow than with spill flow, which indicated that the SBC may be an especially important bypass consideration in moderate- or low-flow years. The highest SBC efficiency (the proportion of total fish passing through the north half of the powerhouse by all routes that passed through the SBC) for any configuration tested was about 40%. Although no single SBC configuration stood out as the most efficient, the horizontal surface and maximum area configurations, or some combination of the two, are worth further investigation because they were moderately efficient.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0381:EOTPSB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.E., Adams, N., Johnson, R.L., Rondorf, D., Dauble, D., and Barila, T., 2000, Evaluation of the prototype surface bypass for salmonid smolts in Spring 1996 and 1997 at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, Washington: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 2, p. 381-397, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0381:EOTPSB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"397","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.45277404785158,\n              46.69572695872617\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.46221542358398,\n              46.69231245343321\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.44951248168947,\n              46.66416399878266\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.43062973022461,\n              46.6508502096111\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.39131927490234,\n              46.64071539449768\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.37466812133789,\n              46.65108588039371\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.44367599487305,\n              46.67994778351063\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.44985580444336,\n              46.69278343251575\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.45277404785158,\n              46.69572695872617\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cf0e4b0c8380cd52d63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, G. E.","contributorId":103261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":395228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":93175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Robert L.","contributorId":41998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dauble, D.D.","contributorId":107888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dauble","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barila, T.Y.","contributorId":13410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barila","given":"T.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022266,"text":"70022266 - 2000 - A close-up look at Io from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022266","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A close-up look at Io from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer","docAbstract":"Infrared spectral images of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, acquired during the October and November 1999 and February 2000 flybys of the Galileo spacecraft, were used to study the thermal structure and sulfur dioxide distribution of active volcanoes. Loki Patera, the solar system's most powerful known volcano, exhibits large expanses of dark, cooling lava on its caldera floor. Prometheus, the site of long-lived plume activity, has two major areas of thermal emission, which support ideas of plume migration. Sulfur dioxide deposits were mapped at local scales and show a more complex relationship to surface colors than previously thought, indicating the presence of other sulfur compounds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.288.5469.1201","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Lopes-Gautier, R., Doute, S., Smythe, W.D., Kamp, L., Carlson, R.W., Davies, A.G., Leader, F., McEwen, A.S., Geissler, P., Kieffer, S.W., Keszthelyi, L., Barbinis, E., Mehlman, R., Segura, M., Shirley, J., and Soderblom, L., 2000, A close-up look at Io from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer: Science, v. 288, no. 5469, p. 1201-1204, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5469.1201.","startPage":"1201","endPage":"1204","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206789,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5469.1201"},{"id":230788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"288","issue":"5469","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e346e4b0c8380cd45f1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes-Gautier, R.","contributorId":13763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes-Gautier","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doute, S.","contributorId":62803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doute","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smythe, W. D.","contributorId":90878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smythe","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kamp, L.W.","contributorId":16581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carlson, R. W.","contributorId":85331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davies, A. G.","contributorId":72538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"A.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leader, F.E.","contributorId":94048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leader","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Geissler, P.E.","contributorId":67636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kieffer, S. W.","contributorId":19186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Keszthelyi, L.","contributorId":42691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Barbinis, E.","contributorId":30006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbinis","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mehlman, R.","contributorId":88499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Segura, M.","contributorId":84091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segura","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Shirley, J.","contributorId":86939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirley","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70022360,"text":"70022360 - 2000 - Alachlor transformation patterns in aquatic field mesocosms under variable oxygen and nutrient conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022360","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alachlor transformation patterns in aquatic field mesocosms under variable oxygen and nutrient conditions","docAbstract":"Alachlor is one of the most commonly used herbicides in both Europe and North America. Because of its toxic properties, its fate and attenuation in natural waters is practically important. This paper assesses factors that affect alachlor decay rate in aquatic systems using field-scale experimental units. In particular, we used field mesocosms (11.3 m3 outdoor fiberglass tanks) to examine the affect of oxygen level and other factors on decay rate in water columns. This is one of the first studies ever performed where diverse water column conditions have been successfully simulated using common mesocosm-scale facilities. Four treatments were assessed, including aerobic systems (aerobic); low nutrient, oxygen-stratified systems (stratified-LN); moderate nutrient, oxygen-stratified systems (stratified-HN); and anaerobic systems (anaerobic). The lowest half-lives were observed in the anaerobic units (9.7 days) followed by the aerobic (21 days), stratified-HN (22 days), and stratified-LN (46 days) units. Our results indicate that alachlor is transformed most rapidly under anaerobic conditions, although the ambient phosphorus level also appears to influence decay rate. In this study, two common alachlor breakdown products, ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid, were also monitored. Oxanilic acid was produced in greater quantities than ESA under all treatments with the highest levels being produced in the stratified-HN units. In general, our results suggest that previous laboratory data, which indicated that high rates of alachlor decay can occur under oxygen-free methanogenic conditions, is translatable to field-scale applications. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.Alachlor is one of the most commonly used herbicides in both Europe and North America. Because of its toxic properties, its fate and attenuation in natural waters is practically important. This paper assesses factors that affect alachlor decay rate in aquatic systems using field-scale experimental units. In particular, we used field mesocosms (11.3 m3 outdoor fiberglass tanks) to examine the affect of oxygen level and other factors on decay rate in water columns. This is one of the first studies ever performed where diverse water column conditions have been successfully simulated using common mesocosm-scale facilities. Four treatments were assessed, including aerobic systems (aerobic); low nutrient, oxygen-stratified systems (stratified-LN); moderate nutrient, oxygen-stratified systems (stratified-HN); and anaerobic systems (anaerobic). The lowest half-lives were observed in the anaerobic units (9.7 days) followed by the aerobic (21 days), stratified-HN (22 days), and stratified-LN (46 days) units. Our results indicate that alachlor is transformed most rapidly under anaerobic conditions, although the ambient phosphorus level also appears to influence decay rate. In this study, two common alachlor breakdown products, ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid, were also monitored. Oxanilic acid was produced in greater quantities than ESA under all treatments with the highest levels being produced in the stratified-HN units. In general, our results suggest that previous laboratory data, which indicated that high rates of alachlor decay can occur under oxygen-free methanogenic conditions, is translatable to field-scale applications.Aquatic field mesocosms were used to examine the influence of DO concentration and the presence of nutrients on alachlor transformation. Four treatments were used: wholly aerobic water columns, thermally and oxygen stratified water columns with low nutrient levels, stratified water columns with moderate nutrient levels, and wholly anaerobic water columns. The anaerobic treatment produced the highest rate of alachlor decay, followed by the aerobic and stratified treatments. The lowest decay rate occurred in the aerobic, low-nutrient stratified units.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00147-0","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Graham, D., Miley, M., Denoyelles, F., Smith, V., Thurman, E., and Carter, R., 2000, Alachlor transformation patterns in aquatic field mesocosms under variable oxygen and nutrient conditions: Water Research, v. 34, no. 16, p. 4054-4062, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00147-0.","startPage":"4054","endPage":"4062","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00147-0"},{"id":230456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e92fe4b0c8380cd48145","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, D.W.","contributorId":102223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miley, M.K.","contributorId":43939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miley","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denoyelles, F.","contributorId":96039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denoyelles","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Val H.","contributorId":69317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Val H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carter, R.","contributorId":13397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022265,"text":"70022265 - 2000 - Mobilization of major inorganic ions during experimental diagenesis of characterized peats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022265","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of major inorganic ions during experimental diagenesis of characterized peats","docAbstract":"Laboratory experiments were undertaken to study changes in concentrations of major inorganic ions during simulated burial of peats to about 1.5 km. Cladium, Rhizophora, and Cyrilla peats were first analyzed to determine cation distributions among fractions of the initial materials and minerals in residues from wet oxidation. Subsamples of the peats (80 g) were then subjected to increasing temperatures and pressures in steps of 5??C and 300 psi at 2-day intervals and produced solutions collected. After six steps, starting from 30??C and 300 psi, a final temperature of 60??C and a final pressure of 2100 psi were achieved. The system was then allowed to stand for an additional 2 weeks at 60??C and 2100 psi. Treatments resulted in highly altered organic solids resembling lignite and expelled solutions of systematically varying compositions. Solutions from each step were analyzed for Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, total dissolved Si (Si(T)), Cl-, SO42-, and organic acids and anions (OAAs). Some data on total dissolved Al (Al(T)) were also collected. Mobilization of major ions from peats during these experiments is controlled by at least three processes: (1) loss of dissolved ions in original porewater expelled during compaction, (2) loss of adsorbed cations as adsorption sites are lost during modification of organic solids, and (3) increased dissolution of inorganic phases at later steps due to increased temperatures (Si(T)) and increased complexing by OAAs (Al(T)). In general, results provide insight into early post-burial inorganic changes occurring during maturation of terrestrial organic matter. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00226-0","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Bailey, A., Cohen, A., Orem, W., and Blackson, J., 2000, Mobilization of major inorganic ions during experimental diagenesis of characterized peats: Chemical Geology, v. 166, no. 3-4, p. 287-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00226-0.","startPage":"287","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206788,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00226-0"},{"id":230787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"166","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b99e4b0c8380cd6f688","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, A.M.","contributorId":70557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, A.D.","contributorId":38717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackson, J.H.","contributorId":51049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackson","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022318,"text":"70022318 - 2000 - The effect of mineral bond strength and adsorbed water on fault gouge frictional strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T13:33:08","indexId":"70022318","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of mineral bond strength and adsorbed water on fault gouge frictional strength","docAbstract":"Recent studies suggest that the tendency of many fault gouge minerals to take on adsorbed or interlayer water may strongly influence their frictional strength. To test this hypothesis, triaxial sliding experiments were conducted on 15 different single-mineral gouges with various water-adsorbing affinities. Vacuum dried samples were sheared at 100 MPa, then saturated with water and sheared farther to compare dry and wet strengths. The coefficients of friction, μ, for the dry sheet-structure minerals (0.2-0.8), were related to mineral bond strength, and dropped 20-60% with the addition of water. For non-adsorbing minerals (μ = 0.6-0.8), the strength remained unchanged after saturation. These results confirm that the ability of minerals to adsorb various amounts of water is related to their relative frictional strengths, and may explain the anomalously low strength of certain natural fault gouges.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999GL008401","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Morrow, C., Moore, D., and Lockner, D., 2000, The effect of mineral bond strength and adsorbed water on fault gouge frictional strength: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 6, p. 815-818, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL008401.","startPage":"815","endPage":"818","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479226,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl008401","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206631,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL008401"},{"id":230417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab35e4b08c986b322cc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrow, C.A.","contributorId":99977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022361,"text":"70022361 - 2000 - Correlation of offshore seismic profiles with onshore New Jersey Miocene sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022361","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Correlation of offshore seismic profiles with onshore New Jersey Miocene sediments","docAbstract":"The New Jersey passive continental margin records the interaction of sequences and sea-level, although previous studies linking seismically defined sequences, borehole control, and global ??18O records were hindered by a seismic data gap on the inner-shelf. We describe new seismic data from the innermost New Jersey shelf that tie offshore seismic stratigraphy directly to onshore boreholes. These data link the onshore boreholes to existing seismic grids across the outer margin and to boreholes on the continental slope. Surfaces defined by age; facies, and log signature in the onshore boreholes at the base of sequences Kw2b, Kw2a, Kw1c, and Kw0 are now tied to seismic sequence boundaries m5s, m5.2s, m5.4s, and m6s, respectively, defined beneath the inner shelf. Sequence boundaries recognized in onshore boreholes and inner shelf seismic profiles apparently correlate with reflections m5, m5.2, m5.4, and m6, respectively, that were dated at slope boreholes during ODP Leg 150. We now recognize an additional sequence boundary beneath the shelf that we name m5.5s and correlate to the base of the onshore sequence Kw1b. The new seismic data image prograding Oligocene clinoforms beneath the inner shelf, consistent with the results from onshore boreholes. A land-based seismic profile crossing the Island Beach borehole reveals reflector geometries that we tie to Lower Miocene litho- and bio-facies in this borehole. These land-based seismic profiles image well-defined sequence boundaries, onlap and downlap truncations that correlate to Transgressive Systems Tracts (TST) and Highstand Systems Tracts (HST) identified in boreholes. Preliminary analysis of CH0698 data continues these system tract delineations across the inner shelf The CH0698 seismic profiles tie seismically defined sequence boundaries with sequences identified by lithiologic and paleontologic criteria. Both can now be related to global ??18O increases and attendant glacioeustatic lowerings. This integration of core, log, and seismic character of mid-Tertiary sediments across the width of the New Jersey margin is a major step in the long-standing effort to evaluate the impact of glaciouestasy on siliciclastic sediments of a passive continental margin. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00016-6","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Monteverde, D., Miller, K., and Mountain, G.S., 2000, Correlation of offshore seismic profiles with onshore New Jersey Miocene sediments, <i>in</i> Sedimentary Geology, v. 134, no. 1-2, p. 111-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00016-6.","startPage":"111","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00016-6"},{"id":230494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc3ee4b0c8380cd4e1c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monteverde, D.H.","contributorId":67171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monteverde","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, K.G.","contributorId":18094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mountain, Gregory S.","contributorId":29154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mountain","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022059,"text":"70022059 - 2000 - In search of ancestral Kilauea volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T16:29:11.572103","indexId":"70022059","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In search of ancestral Kilauea volcano","docAbstract":"<p><span>Submersible observations and samples show that the lower south flank of Hawaii, offshore from Kilauea volcano and the active Hilina slump system, consists entirely of compositionally diverse volcaniclastic rocks; pillow lavas are confined to shallow slopes. Submarine-erupted basalt clasts have strongly variable alkalic and transitional basalt compositions (to 41% SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, 10.8% alkalies), contrasting with present-day Kilauea tholeiites. The volcaniclastic rocks provide a unique record of ancestral alkalic growth of an archetypal hotspot volcano, including transition to its tholeiitic shield stage, and associated slope-failure events.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<1079:ISOAKV>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., Sisson, T.W., Ui, T., and Naka, J., 2000, In search of ancestral Kilauea volcano: Geology, v. 28, no. 12, p. 1079-1082, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<1079:ISOAKV>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1079","endPage":"1082","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Hilina slump, Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.47027587890625,\n              19.036156118717336\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.25079345703122,\n              19.036156118717336\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.25079345703122,\n              19.621892180319374\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.47027587890625,\n              19.621892180319374\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.47027587890625,\n              19.036156118717336\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3992e4b0c8380cd61979","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, T. W.","contributorId":108120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ui, T.","contributorId":19298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ui","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naka, J.","contributorId":47540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022362,"text":"70022362 - 2000 - Magma mixing, recharge and eruption histories recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts from El Chichón Volcano, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T15:23:08.860778","indexId":"70022362","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma mixing, recharge and eruption histories recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts from El Chichón Volcano, Mexico","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">Consistent core-to-rim decreases of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr ratios and coincident increases in Sr concentrations in plagioclase phenocrysts of varying size (∼1 cm to 2 mm) are reported from samples of the 1982 and pre-1982 (∼200 ka) eruptions of El Chichón Volcano. Maximum<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr ratios of ∼0·7054, significantly higher than the whole-rock isotopic ratios (∼0·7040–0·7045), are found in the cores of plagioclase phenocrysts, and minimum<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr ratios of ∼0·7039 are found near some of the rims. Plagioclase phenocrysts commonly display abrupt fluctuations in An content (up to 25 mol %) that correspond to well-developed dissolution surfaces. The isotopic, textural and compositional characteristics suggest that these plagioclase phenocrysts grew in a system that was periodically recharged by higher-temperature magma with a lower<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr ratio and a higher Sr concentration. Rim<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr ratios in plagioclase phenocrysts of rocks from the 200 ka eruption indicate that, at that time, the magma had already attained the lowest recorded<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr value of the system (∼0·7039). In contrast, cores from plagioclase phenocrysts of the 1982 eruption, inferred to have grown in the past few thousand years, have the highest recorded<span>&nbsp;</span><sup><i>87</i></sup>Sr/<sup><i>86</i></sup>Sr ratios of the system. Collectively, the Sr isotopic data (for plagioclase and whole rock), disequilibrium textural features of the phenocrysts, known eruption frequencies, and inferred crystal-residence times of the plagioclases are best interpreted in terms of an intermittent magma chamber model. Similar processes, including crustal contamination, magma mixing, periodic recharge by addition of more mafic magma to induce plagioclase disequilibrium (possibly triggering eruption) and subsequent re-equilibration, apparently were operative throughout the 200 ky history of the El Chichón magma system.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petrology","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/41.9.1397","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Tepley, F.J., Davidson, J., Tilling, R., and Arth, J.G., 2000, Magma mixing, recharge and eruption histories recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts from El Chichón Volcano, Mexico: Journal of Petrology, v. 41, no. 9, p. 1397-1411, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/41.9.1397.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1397","endPage":"1411","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/41.9.1397","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Chiapas","otherGeospatial":"El Chichón Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.23036670684814,\n              17.353833430489928\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22813510894775,\n              17.354038239773242\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2256031036377,\n              17.355430936832377\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22367191314697,\n              17.35780668975055\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22251319885252,\n              17.360428174478056\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22148323059082,\n              17.361370261393365\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22182655334473,\n              17.363582098596133\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22508811950684,\n              17.366244459818855\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22628974914551,\n              17.367882816726542\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22792053222656,\n              17.367063640104178\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.23319911956787,\n              17.36632637801222\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.23654651641846,\n              17.3630905815249\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.23736190795898,\n              17.358257260106353\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.23401451110838,\n              17.35534901376882\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.23036670684814,\n              17.353833430489928\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b3ce4b0c8380cd693a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tepley, F. J. III","contributorId":99723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepley","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, J.P.","contributorId":16123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tilling, R.I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":98311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"R.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arth, Joseph G.","contributorId":104546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arth","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022454,"text":"70022454 - 2000 - Role of lake regulation on glacier fed rivers in enhancing salmon productivity: The Cook Inlet watershed south central Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022454","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of lake regulation on glacier fed rivers in enhancing salmon productivity: The Cook Inlet watershed south central Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"Rivers fed by glaciers constitute a major part of the freshwater runoff into the Cook Inlet basin of south-central Alaska. This basin is very important to the economy of the State of Alaska because it is home to more than half of the population and it supports multi-million dollar commercial, subsistence and sport fisheries. Hence an understanding of how glacial runoff influences biological productivity is important for managing rivers that drain into Cook Inlet. This paper examines the ways in which the regulation of glacier-fed rivers by proglacial lakes affects salmon productivity, with particular reference to the Kenai River. Salmon escapement per unit channel length on the Kenai River is between two and ten times that found for rain-and-snowmelt dominated rivers and glacier-fed rivers lacking lake regulation. Lakes are shown to influence biological processes in glacier-fed rivers by attenuating peak flows, sustaining high flows throughout the summer, supplementing winter low flows, settling suspended sediment, and increasing river temperatures. Downstream from large lakes, glacier-fed rivers are less disturbed, channels are relatively stable and have well-developed salmonid habitats. The positive influences are indicated by the high diversity and abundances of benthic macroinvertebrates, which are important food resources for juvenile salmonids. High summer flows allow access for up-river salmon runs and lakes also provide both overwintering and rearing habitat. Copyright ?? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Rivers fed by glaciers constitute a major part of the freshwater runoff into the Cook Inlet basin of south-central Alaska. This basin is very important to the economy of the State of Alaska because it is home to more than half of the population and it supports multi-million dollar commercial, subsistence and sport fisheries. Hence an understanding of how glacial runoff influences biological productivity is important for managing rivers that drain into Cook Inlet. This paper examines the ways in which the regulation of glacier-fed rivers by proglacial lakes affects salmon productivity, with particular reference to the Kenai River. Salmon escapement per unit channel length on the Kenai River is between two and ten times that found for rain-and-snowmelt dominated rivers and glacier-fed rivers lacking lake regulation. Lakes are shown to influence biological processes in glacier-fed rivers by attenuating peak flows, sustaining high flows throughout the summer, supplementing winter low flows, settling suspended sediment, and increasing river temperatures. Downstream from large lakes, glacier-fed rivers are less disturbed, channels are relatively stable and have well-developed salmonid habitats. The positive influences are indicated by the high diversity and abundances of benthic macroinvertebrates, which are important food resources for juvenile salmonids. High summer flows allow access for up-river salmon runs and lakes also provide both overwintering and rearing habitat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3149::AID-HYP139>3.0.CO;2-Y","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hupp, C., 2000, Role of lake regulation on glacier fed rivers in enhancing salmon productivity: The Cook Inlet watershed south central Alaska, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 16-17, p. 3149-3159, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3149::AID-HYP139>3.0.CO;2-Y.","startPage":"3149","endPage":"3159","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206808,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<3149::AID-HYP139>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"id":230834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"16-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae57e4b0c8380cd87096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022446,"text":"70022446 - 2000 - Effects of heterogeneity in aquifer permeability and biomass on biodegradation rate calculations: Results from numerical simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T09:48:47","indexId":"70022446","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of heterogeneity in aquifer permeability and biomass on biodegradation rate calculations: Results from numerical simulations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerical simulations were used to examine the effects of heterogeneity in hydraulic conductivity (K) and intrinsic biodegradation rate on the accuracy of contaminant plume‐scale biodegradation rates obtained from field data. The simulations were based on a steady‐state BTEX contaminant plume undergoing biodegradation under sulfate‐reducing conditions, with the electron acceptor in excess. Biomass was either uniform or correlated with K to model spatially variable intrinsic biodegradation rates. A hydraulic conductivity data set from an alluvial aquifer was used to generate three sets of 10 realizations with different degrees of heterogeneity, and contaminant transport with biodegradation was simulated with BIOMOC. Biodegradation rates were calculated from the steady‐state contaminant plumes using decrease in concentration with distance downgradient and a single flow velocity estimate, as is commonly done in site characterization to support the interpretation of natural attenuation. The observed rates were found to underestimate the actual rate specified in the heterogeneous model in all cases. The discrepancy between the observed rate and the “true” rate depended on the ground water flow velocity estimate, and increased with increasing heterogeneity in the aquifer. For a lognormal K distribution with variance of 0.46, the estimate was no more than a factor of 1.4 slower than the true rate. For an aquifer with 20% silt/clay lenses, the rate estimate was as much as nine times slower than the true rate. Homogeneous‐permeability, uniform‐degradation rate simulations were used to generate predictions of remediation time with the rates estimated from the heterogeneous models. The homogeneous models generally overestimated the extent of remediation or underestimated remediation time, due to delayed degradation of contaminants in the low‐K areas. Results suggest that aquifer characterization for natural attenuation at contaminated sites should include assessment of the presence and extent of, and contaminant concentrations in, low‐permeability areas of an aquifer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02706.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., 2000, Effects of heterogeneity in aquifer permeability and biomass on biodegradation rate calculations: Results from numerical simulations: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 5, p. 702-712, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02706.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"702","endPage":"712","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0711e4b0c8380cd5153f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022160,"text":"70022160 - 2000 - Aerial-Photointerpretation of landslides along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T16:17:57.491957","indexId":"70022160","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aerial-Photointerpretation of landslides along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers","docAbstract":"A landslide inventory was conducted along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers in the New Madrid Seismic Zone of southern Illinois, between the towns of Olmsted and Chester, Illinois. Aerial photography and field reconnaissance identified 221 landslides of three types: rock/debris falls, block slides, and undifferentiated rotational/translational slides. Most of the landslides are small- to medium-size, ancient rotational/translational features partially ob-scured by vegetation and modified by weathering. Five imagery sources were interpreted for landslides: 1:250,000-scale side-looking airborne radar (SLAR); 1:40,000-scale, 1:20,000-scale, 1:6,000-scale, black and white aerial photography; and low altitude, oblique 35-mm color photography. Landslides were identified with three levels of confidence on the basis of distinguishing characteristics and ambiguous indicators. SLAR imagery permitted identification of a 520 hectare mega-landslide which would not have been identified on medium-scale aerial photography. The leaf-off, 35-mm color, oblique photography provided the best imagery for confident interpretation of detailed features needed for smaller landslides.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.6.4.311","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Su, W., and Stohr, C., 2000, Aerial-Photointerpretation of landslides along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 6, no. 4, p. 311-323, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.6.4.311.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"323","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri","city":"Chester, Olmsted","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River, Ohio River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.098876953125,\n              37.93553306183642\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.62646484375,\n              37.640334898059486\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.615478515625,\n              37.21283151445594\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.219970703125,\n              36.85325222344018\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.978271484375,\n              37.125286284966805\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.450927734375,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.319091796875,\n              37.13404537126446\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.385009765625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.989501953125,\n              37.448696585910376\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.033447265625,\n              37.640334898059486\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.86865234374999,\n              38.1777509666256\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.099365234375,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.22021484375,\n              37.79676317682161\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              37.61423141542417\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.59374999999999,\n              37.483576550426996\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.582763671875,\n              37.26530995561875\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.01123046875,\n              37.32648861334206\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.26391601562499,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.461669921875,\n              37.79676317682161\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.967041015625,\n              38.09998264736481\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.098876953125,\n              37.93553306183642\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e71ee4b0c8380cd47864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Su, Wen-June","contributorId":42719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"Wen-June","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohr, Christopher","contributorId":8623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohr","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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