{"pageNumber":"3281","pageRowStart":"82000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70023186,"text":"70023186 - 2000 - The Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit and wildlife education: Historic development, future challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T15:45:02.399206","indexId":"70023186","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit and wildlife education: Historic development, future challenges","docAbstract":"In 1932, J. N. 'Ding' Darling proposed a 3-year tripartite arrangement between the Iowa Fish and Game Commission, Iowa State University, and himself to establish the first Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. Three years later, the Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Program was broadened to include 9 land-grant colleges representing recognized ecoregions in the United States. In 1960, the Units were given statutory recognition by Public Law 86-686 that also included provision for establishing Cooperative Fishery Units. The Cooperative Research Unit idea has evolved to 39 Units in 2000. Today, the main cooperators of the Unit program are the land-grant university, the state fish and game or conservation agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. The Cooperative Units mission, as stated in Public Law 86-686, remains: 'To facilitate cooperation between the Federal Government, colleges and universities, and private organizations for cooperative unit programs of research and education relating to fish and wildlife and for other purposes.' Graduate research and education continue to be the program's primary missions. In any given year >600 graduate and post-graduate students are involved. Post-graduate employment of Unit-afffiliated students is >90%. Perhaps the primary benefit to the education process is the Units' formal connection to the state cooperator and to their federal agency that might not otherwise be available to university faculty and students. Units are conduits to state and federal funding for research projects conducted by university faculty and students. The CRU program is well positioned to educate a multitalented, ethnically diverse cadre of graduate students who will be prepared not only for their first professional job but also for their career by having been instilled with a desire for life-long professional accomplishment.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Bissonette, J.A., Loftin, C., Leslie, D., Nordstrom, L.A., and Fleming, W.J., 2000, The Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit and wildlife education: Historic development, future challenges: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 28, no. 3, p. 534-541.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"534","endPage":"541","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405536,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783599","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa61e4b08c986b322800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bissonette, John A.","contributorId":15503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissonette","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Cynthia S. 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":2167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cynthia S.","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":396766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordstrom, L. A.","contributorId":49150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1002993,"text":"1002993 - 2000 - Determination of niclosamide residues in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillet tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-14T15:56:50.66827","indexId":"1002993","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Determination of niclosamide residues in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) and channel catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>) fillet tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography","title":"Determination of niclosamide residues in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillet tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography","docAbstract":"<p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Bayluscide [the ethanolamine salt of niclosamide (NIC)] is a registered piscicide used in combination with 3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to control sea lamprey populations in streams tributary to the Great Lakes. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of NIC residues in muscle fillet tissues of fish exposed to NIC and TFM during sea lamprey control treatments. NIC was extracted from fortified channel catfish and rainbow trout fillet tissue with a series of acetone extractions and cleaned up on C<sub>18</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>solid-phase extraction cartridges. NIC concentrations were determined by HPLC with detection at 360 and 335 nm for rainbow trout and catfish, respectively. Recovery of NIC from rainbow trout (<i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 7) fortified at 0.04 μg/g was 77 ± 6.5% and from channel catfish (<i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 7) fortified at 0.02 μg/g was 113 ± 11%. NIC detection limit was 0.0107 μg/g for rainbow trout and 0.0063 μg/g for catfish. Percent recovery of incurred radioactive residues by this method from catfish exposed to [<sup>14</sup>C]NIC was 89.3 ± 4.1%. Percent recoveries of NIC from fortified storage stability tissue samples for rainbow trout (<i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 3) analyzed at 5 and 7.5 month periods were 78 ± 5.1 and 68 ± 2.4%, respectively. Percent recoveries of NIC from fortified storage stability tissue samples for channel catfish (<i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 3) analyzed at 5 and 7.5 month periods were 88 ± 13 and 76 ± 21%, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1021/jf990695r","issn":"00218561","usgsCitation":"Schreier, T.M., Dawson, V.K., Cho, Y., Spanjers, N., and Boogaard, M., 2000, Determination of niclosamide residues in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillet tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 48, no. 6, p. 2212-2215, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990695r.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2212","endPage":"2215","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences 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K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cho, Yirang","contributorId":44112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cho","given":"Yirang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spanjers, N.J.","contributorId":11733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanjers","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boogaard, M.A.","contributorId":92994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boogaard","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023111,"text":"70023111 - 2000 - Characterizing multiple timescales of stream and storage zone interaction that affect solute fate and transport in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T08:53:37","indexId":"70023111","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing multiple timescales of stream and storage zone interaction that affect solute fate and transport in streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>The fate of contaminants in streams and rivers is affected by exchange and biogeochemical transformation in slowly moving or stagnant flow zones that interact with rapid flow in the main channel. In a typical stream, there are multiple types of slowly moving flow zones in which exchange and transformation occur, such as stagnant or recirculating surface water as well as subsurface hyporheic zones. However, most investigators use transport models with just a single storage zone in their modeling studies, which assumes that the effects of multiple storage zones can be lumped together. Our study addressed the following question: Can a single‐storage zone model reliably characterize the effects of physical retention and biogeochemical reactions in multiple storage zones? We extended an existing stream transport model with a single storage zone to include a second storage zone. With the extended model we generated 500 data sets representing transport of nonreactive and reactive solutes in stream systems that have two different types of storage zones with variable hydrologic conditions. The one storage zone model was tested by optimizing the lumped storage parameters to achieve a best fit for each of the generated data sets. Multiple storage processes were categorized as possessing I, additive; II, competitive; or III, dominant storage zone characteristics. The classification was based on the goodness of fit of generated data sets, the degree of similarity in mean retention time of the two storage zones, and the relative distributions of exchange flux and storage capacity between the two storage zones. For most cases (&gt;90%) the one storage zone model described either the effect of the sum of multiple storage processes (category I) or the dominant storage process (category III). Failure of the one storage zone model occurred mainly for category II, that is, when one of the storage zones had a much longer mean retention time (</span><i>t<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>ratio &gt; 5.0) and when the dominance of storage capacity and exchange flux occurred in different storage zones. We also used the one storage zone model to estimate a “single” lumped rate constant representing the net removal of a solute by biogeochemical reactions in multiple storage zones. For most cases the lumped rate constant that was optimized by one storage zone modeling estimated the flux‐weighted rate constant for multiple storage zones. Our results explain how the relative hydrologic properties of multiple storage zones (retention time, storage capacity, exchange flux, and biogeochemical reaction rate constant) affect the reliability of lumped parameters determined by a one storage zone transport model. We conclude that stream transport models with a single storage compartment will in most cases reliably characterize the dominant physical processes of solute retention and biogeochemical reactions in streams with multiple storage zones.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900051","usgsCitation":"Choi, J., Harvey, J.W., and Conklin, M.H., 2000, Characterizing multiple timescales of stream and storage zone interaction that affect solute fate and transport in streams: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1511-1518, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900051.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1511","endPage":"1518","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f500e4b0c8380cd4c02a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, Jungyill","contributorId":70792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Jungyill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conklin, Martha H.","contributorId":189395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conklin","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023215,"text":"70023215 - 2000 - Stiptognathus new genus (Conodonta: Ibexian, Lower Ordovician), and the apparatus of Stiptognathus borealis (Repetski, 1982)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T17:00:26.679292","indexId":"70023215","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<i>Stiptognathus</i> new genus (Conodonta: Ibexian, Lower Ordovician), and the apparatus of <i>Stiptognathus borealis</i> (Repetski, 1982)","title":"Stiptognathus new genus (Conodonta: Ibexian, Lower Ordovician), and the apparatus of Stiptognathus borealis (Repetski, 1982)","docAbstract":"<p>Collections from upper Ibexian (Tulean Stage) rocks of western United States, from the Canning Basin in western Australia, and from the Argentine Precordillera contain a seximembrate apparatus of multidenticulate conodonts whose elements have been included by authors in species of <i>Prioniodus</i> Pander, 1986, and <i>Reunerodus</i> Serpagli, 1974. The individual elements as well as the complete apparatus are not consistent with assignment of the species to either of these genera or to any other extant genus. A new generic name, <i>Stiptognathus</i> Ethington, Lehnert, and Repetski, is proposed with <i>Reutterodus borealis</i> Repetski, 1982, as type species. The apparatus consists of Pa, Pb, Sa-c, and M elements; the genus represents either the Prioniodontidae or the Periodontidae.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1666/0022-3360(2000)074<0092:SNGCIL>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Ethington, R.L., Lehnert, O., and Repetski, J., 2000, Stiptognathus new genus (Conodonta: Ibexian, Lower Ordovician), and the apparatus of Stiptognathus borealis (Repetski, 1982): Journal of Paleontology, v. 74, no. 1, p. 92-100, https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2000)074<0092:SNGCIL>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"100","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina, Australia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Argentine Precordillera, Canning Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": 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,{"id":70023165,"text":"70023165 - 2000 - Multispectral image sharpening using wavelet transform techniques and spatial correlation of edges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70023165","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multispectral image sharpening using wavelet transform techniques and spatial correlation of edges","docAbstract":"Several reported image fusion or sharpening techniques are based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The technique described here uses a pixel-based maximum selection rule to combine respective transform coefficients of lower spatial resolution near-infrared (NIR) and higher spatial resolution panchromatic (pan) imagery to produce a sharpened NIR image. Sharpening assumes a radiometric correlation between the spectral band images. However, there can be poor correlation, including edge contrast reversals (e.g., at soil-vegetation boundaries), between the fused images and, consequently, degraded performance. To improve sharpening, a local area-based correlation technique originally reported for edge comparison with image pyramid fusion is modified for application with the DWT process. Further improvements are obtained by using redundant, shift-invariant implementation of the DWT. Example images demonstrate the improvements in NIR image sharpening with higher resolution pan imagery.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VI","conferenceDate":"24 April 2000 through 26 April 2000","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers","publisherLocation":"Bellingham, WA, United States","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Lemeshewsky, G.P., and Schowengerdt, R.A., 2000, Multispectral image sharpening using wavelet transform techniques and spatial correlation of edges, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4049, Orlando, FL, USA, 24 April 2000 through 26 April 2000, p. 522-531.","startPage":"522","endPage":"531","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4049","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60a3e4b0c8380cd715ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemeshewsky, George P.","contributorId":27880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemeshewsky","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schowengerdt, Robert A.","contributorId":41191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schowengerdt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023207,"text":"70023207 - 2000 - New Lower Mississippian Trilobites from the Chouteau Group of Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70023207","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":790,"text":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New Lower Mississippian Trilobites from the Chouteau Group of Missouri","docAbstract":"Reexamination of existing trilobite collections from the Kinderhookian (Lower Mississippian) Chouteau Group of central and northeastern Missouri indicates that two different suites of trilobites are present in these two areas of the state. Moreover, the study of these collections has led to the erection of a new genus and four new species. The new genus, Ameropiltonia, is based on a new species, A. lauradanae. This genus and species is commonly confused with Breviphillipsia sampsoni (Vogdes). Elliptophillipsia rotundus, n. sp., differs from the type species of this genus by possessing a rounded frontal lobe to the glabella. The other new species, Perexigupyge chouteauensis and Richterella hessleri, are present in the Compton Limestone of Marion and Ralls counties of northeastern Missouri. Variations in trilobite species found in the Compton Limestone of central Missouri and the northeastern part of the state are interpreted to be environmentally related. It appears that the lime mudstone and wackestone lithologies characteristic of the Compton Limestone of central Missouri were deposited in a low-energy, subtidal shelf setting. The lime packstone-grainstone strata of northeastern Missouri are interpreted to have formed as a tidal sand belt on the eastern margin of the Burlington shelf.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00974463","usgsCitation":"Brezinski, D., 2000, New Lower Mississippian Trilobites from the Chouteau Group of Missouri: Annals of Carnegie Museum, v. 69, no. 2, p. 135-144.","startPage":"135","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6521e4b0c8380cd72b12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brezinski, D. K.","contributorId":39010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezinski","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023166,"text":"70023166 - 2000 - Effects of fall-to-winter changes in habitat and frazil ice on the movements and habitat use of juvenile rainbow trout in a Wyoming tailwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T15:55:08.258555","indexId":"70023166","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fall-to-winter changes in habitat and frazil ice on the movements and habitat use of juvenile rainbow trout in a Wyoming tailwater","docAbstract":"<p>Overwinter declines in the abundance of small rainbow trout<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;</span>have been observed in a section of the Big Horn River that lies downstream from Boysen Reservoir, where reservoir releases prevent surface ice formation. To provide insight into the possible causes of these declines in abundance, radiotelemetry was used to determine movement and microhabitat use of juvenile (20–25 cm total length) rainbow trout during the fall and winter of 1995–1996. Throughout the fall and winter, both stocked (hatchery) and naturally spawned (wild) fish were generally found in main-channel pools with cover that reduced current velocities to less than 2 cm/s near the bottom and with nearby (&lt;2 m) water velocities that were greater than 15 cm/s. These locations provided refuges from the current, with adjacent flowing water that could deliver drifting aquatic invertebrates. The fish were generally associated with cover that was formed by aquatic vegetation early in the fall, but they shifted to cobble and boulder cover (in deeper water) as the aquatic vegetation decomposed and as winter progressed. Episodes of frazil ice in January and early February were associated with movements of wild fish in the upstream portion of the study area—from normal activity areas to refuges at the bottom of deep pools or under shelf ice in shallow water near shore. Frazil-ice episodes often initiated long-term movements among fish. Our results suggest that changing habitat features from fall to winter and frazil-ice episodes can cause juvenile rainbow trout to move and to modify their habitat use, depending on their location in a tailwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0101:EOFTWC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Simpkins, D.G., Hubert, W.A., and Wesche, T.A., 2000, Effects of fall-to-winter changes in habitat and frazil ice on the movements and habitat use of juvenile rainbow trout in a Wyoming tailwater: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 1, p. 101-118, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0101:EOFTWC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"118","costCenters":[{"id":683,"text":"Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Thermopolis, Wedding of the Waters","otherGeospatial":"Big Horn River, Hot Springs State Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.21670532226561,\n              43.64203827340191\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.1768798828125,\n              43.636075155965784\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.094482421875,\n              43.731414013769\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.12744140625,\n              43.82660134505382\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.04504394531249,\n              43.88205730390537\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.874755859375,\n              44.02442151965934\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.85827636718749,\n              44.22158376545796\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.962646484375,\n              44.33170718680922\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.0230712890625,\n              44.54742015866826\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.0841827392578,\n              44.53763230134611\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.06152343749999,\n              44.44358514592119\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.03749084472655,\n              44.324339298000694\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.99697875976562,\n              44.26388770060487\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.94204711914062,\n              44.201897151875094\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.962646484375,\n              44.071800467511565\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.04504394531249,\n              43.98886243884903\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.2373046875,\n              43.84245116699039\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.17138671875,\n              43.75770482501795\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.16658020019531,\n              43.710075249008575\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.2208251953125,\n              43.67085166460574\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.21670532226561,\n              43.64203827340191\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06e9e4b0c8380cd51496","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpkins, Darin G.","contributorId":10892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpkins","given":"Darin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wesche, Thomas A.","contributorId":14595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesche","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023147,"text":"70023147 - 2000 - Sediment-contact and survival of fingernail clams: Implications for conducting short-term laboratory tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023147","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1570,"text":"Environmental Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment-contact and survival of fingernail clams: Implications for conducting short-term laboratory tests","docAbstract":"Porewater toxicity tests have been used as indicators of whole sediment toxicity. However, many species commonly tested in porewater predominately reside in the water column and otherwise have little to no direct contact with sediment and associated porewater. We assessed the feasibility of porewater toxicity tests with fingernail clams Musculium transversum, a benthic macroinvertebrate that inhabits soft bottom sediments and feeds by filtering surface and porewater. Fingernail clams were exposed to water or sediment in a 96 h laboratory test with a 5 x 2 factorial experimental design. The five treatments included sediments from four sites in the Mississippi River and one sediment-free control (well water). In all treatments, clams were exposed to the sediments or water either directly (no enclosure) or indirectly (enclosure, suspended above the sediment surface). There were three replicates for each of the ten treatment combinations. Overall, survival of fingernail clams did not vary among the five treatments (p = 0.36). In treatments without enclosures, survival of clams in the sediment-free control was not significantly different (p = 0.34) from the sediment-containing treatments. Survival of clams in the sediment-free control averaged 85 - suggesting that direct sediment contact is not necessary for survival in short-term tests. In contrast, survival of clams in the sediment-containing treatments differed significantly (p = 0.03) between exposures with (mean, 77) and without (mean, 89) enclosures. Thus, fingernail clams may provide an alternative species for evaluating benthic macroinvertebrates in short-term laboratory porewater tests. However, more information on their physiological requirements and the development of sublethal endpoints is recommended before their use in tests of longer duration. (C) 2000 by John Wiley and Sons, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1522-7278(2000)15:1<23::AID-TOX4>3.0.CO;2-5","issn":"15204081","usgsCitation":"Naimo, T., Cope, W., and Bartsch, M., 2000, Sediment-contact and survival of fingernail clams: Implications for conducting short-term laboratory tests: Environmental Toxicology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 23-27, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7278(2000)15:1<23::AID-TOX4>3.0.CO;2-5.","startPage":"23","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208177,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7278(2000)15:1<23::AID-TOX4>3.0.CO;2-5"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a02e4b08c986b316fa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naimo, T.J.","contributorId":32870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naimo","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, W.G.","contributorId":71918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartsch, M.R.","contributorId":42908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022642,"text":"70022642 - 2000 - Recovery of tall cotton-grass following real and simulated feeding by snow geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T18:41:15.125549","indexId":"70022642","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of tall cotton-grass following real and simulated feeding by snow geese","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lesser snow geese&nbsp;</span><i>Anser caerulescens caeruteseens</i><span>&nbsp;from the western Canadian Arctic feed on underground parts of tall cotton–grass&nbsp;</span><i>Eriophorum angustifolium</i><span>&nbsp;during autumn staging on the coastal plain of the Beaufort Sea in Canada and Alaska. We studied revegetation of sites where cotton–grass had been removed either by human–imprinted snow geese or by hand to simulate snow goose feeding. Aerial cover of cotton–grass at sites (n = 4) exploited by human–imprinted snow geese averaged 60 and 39 Mi lower than in undisturbed control plots during the first and second year after feeding, respectively. Underground biomass of cotton–grass stembases and rhizomes in hand–treated plots was 80 and 62% less than in control plots 2 and 4 yr after removal, respectively (n = 10 yr</span><sup>-1</sup><span>). Aerial cover and biomass of common non-forage species such as&nbsp;</span><i>Carex aquatilis</i><span>&nbsp;did not increase on treated areas. Removal of cotton-grass by geese likely reduces forage availability at exploited sites for at least 2–4 yr after feeding but probably does not affect long-term community composition. Temporal heterogeneity in forage abundance likely contributes to the large spatial requirement of snow geese during staging.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2000.tb00293.x","issn":"09067590","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., Robertson, D.G., and Schmutz, J.A., 2000, Recovery of tall cotton-grass following real and simulated feeding by snow geese: Ecography, v. 23, no. 3, p. 367-373, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2000.tb00293.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"373","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.5771484375,\n              71.05979781529196\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.666015625,\n              70.46620742226558\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.4580078125,\n              70.28911664330674\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.84375,\n              69.80930869552193\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.525390625,\n              69.91521433690129\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.76953125,\n              68.17155518732503\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.265625,\n              69.97549253616164\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              73.60299628304274\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.0576171875,\n              74.27165531800037\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.23730468749997,\n              75.59587329063447\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.5771484375,\n              71.05979781529196\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a340e4b0e8fec6cdb7e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Donna G.","contributorId":29965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023141,"text":"70023141 - 2000 - Host fish suitability for glochidia of Ligumia recta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T18:54:56.73625","indexId":"70023141","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Host fish suitability for glochidia of Ligumia recta","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the early 1900s several hosts were identified for the black sandshell&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Ligumia recta</span></i><span>. Recent attempts to propagate juvenile&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">L. recta</span><span>&nbsp;with two of the reported hosts (bluegill&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Lepomis macrochirus</span></i><span><i>&nbsp;</i>and largemouth bass&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Micropterus salmoides</span></i><span>) have produced inconsistent results and few juveniles. We conducted this study to determine which of the reported hosts or other fish hosts were the most suitable for glochidial metamorphosis. The duration of glochidial metamorphosis varied among seasons. Despite similar water temperatures, juveniles metamorphosed sooner and over a shorter period of time in the spring than early fall; the modal day of metamorphosis differed by 78 d. Relatively few juveniles were recovered from bluegill and largemouth bass in three trials. White crappie&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Pomoxis annularis</span></i><span>&nbsp;and black crappie&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">P. nigromaculatus</span></i><span>&nbsp;were marginally suitable hosts. Although glochidia encysted on all hosts, &gt;10× more juveniles metamorphosed on sauger&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Stizostedion canadense</span><span>&nbsp;compared to other hosts tested.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2000)143[0178:HFSFGO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Khym, J., and Layzer, J., 2000, Host fish suitability for glochidia of Ligumia recta: American Midland Naturalist, v. 143, no. 1, p. 178-184, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2000)143[0178:HFSFGO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"184","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a322ee4b0c8380cd5e5b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Khym, J.R.","contributorId":83312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khym","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Layzer, J.B.","contributorId":53878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layzer","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023168,"text":"70023168 - 2000 - Test functions for three-dimensional control-volume mixed finite-element methods on irregular grids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70023168","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Test functions for three-dimensional control-volume mixed finite-element methods on irregular grids","docAbstract":"Numerical methods based on unstructured grids, with irregular cells, usually require discrete shape functions to approximate the distribution of quantities across cells. For control-volume mixed finite-element methods, vector shape functions are used to approximate the distribution of velocities across cells and vector test functions are used to minimize the error associated with the numerical approximation scheme. For a logically cubic mesh, the lowest-order shape functions are chosen in a natural way to conserve intercell fluxes that vary linearly in logical space. Vector test functions, while somewhat restricted by the mapping into the logical reference cube, admit a wider class of possibilities. Ideally, an error minimization procedure to select the test function from an acceptable class of candidates would be the best procedure. Lacking such a procedure, we first investigate the effect of possible test functions on the pressure distribution over the control volume; specifically, we look for test functions that allow for the elimination of intermediate pressures on cell faces. From these results, we select three forms for the test function for use in a control-volume mixed method code and subject them to an error analysis for different forms of grid irregularity; errors are reported in terms of the discrete L2 norm of the velocity error. Of these three forms, one appears to produce optimal results for most forms of grid irregularity.","largerWorkTitle":"Computational methods in water resources - Volume 2 - Computational methods,surface water systems and hydrology","conferenceTitle":"Computational Methods in Water Resources","conferenceDate":"25 June 2000 through 29 June 2000","conferenceLocation":"Calgary","language":"English","publisherLocation":"A.A.Balkema","isbn":"9058091252","usgsCitation":"Naff, R., Russell, T., and Wilson, J.D., 2000, Test functions for three-dimensional control-volume mixed finite-element methods on irregular grids, <i>in</i> Computational methods in water resources - Volume 2 - Computational methods,surface water systems and hydrology, Calgary, 25 June 2000 through 29 June 2000, p. 677-684.","startPage":"677","endPage":"684","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba59ce4b08c986b320b5e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bentley L.R.","contributorId":128326,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Bentley L.R.","id":536492,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sykes J.F.","contributorId":128330,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Sykes J.F.","id":536493,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brebbia C.A.","contributorId":128441,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Brebbia C.A.","id":536496,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray W.G.","contributorId":128367,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gray W.G.","id":536494,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pinder G.F.","contributorId":128399,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Pinder G.F.","id":536495,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Naff, R.L.","contributorId":86349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naff","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russell, T.F.","contributorId":86811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, J. D.","contributorId":25154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023167,"text":"70023167 - 2000 - Regolith in the Piedmont Upland Section, Piedmont Province, York, Lancaster, and Chester Counties, southeastern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70023167","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regolith in the Piedmont Upland Section, Piedmont Province, York, Lancaster, and Chester Counties, southeastern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Regolith has been mapped in the Piedmont Upland Section of the Piedmont Province in York, Lancaster, and Chester Counties, southeastern Pennsylvania. The Piedmont Upland Section is an area of rounded hills and flat-floored valleys developed by weathering and erosion of schist, gneiss, metaquartzite, and other metamorphic rocks. In situ regolith includes weathered rock and saprolite. Transported regolith includes alluvium, colluvium, fluvial terrace deposits, and anthropogenic deposits. Weathered rock occurs almost everywhere except where erosion has exposed unweathered bedrock in valley bottoms. Thin colluvium occurs discontinuously on hill tops and side slopes while thicker colluvium occurs in heads of first-order drainage basins and in small valleys lacking perennial streams. Alluvium is present in all valleys with perennial streams. This regolith is the product of early to middle Cenozoic weathering, middle to late Cenozoic erosion, Pleistocene periglacial erosion and deposition, and recent anthropogenic activity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Sevon, W., 2000, Regolith in the Piedmont Upland Section, Piedmont Province, York, Lancaster, and Chester Counties, southeastern Pennsylvania: Southeastern Geology, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. 223-241.","startPage":"223","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5b9e4b0e8fec6cdbfa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sevon, W. D.","contributorId":38650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sevon","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023223,"text":"70023223 - 2000 - Monitoring hydrilla using two RAPD procedures and the nonindigenous aquatic species database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T13:29:10","indexId":"70023223","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2180,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring hydrilla using two RAPD procedures and the nonindigenous aquatic species database","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle), an invasive aquatic weed, continues to spread to new regions in the United States. Two biotypes, one a female dioecious and the other monoecious have been identified. Management of the spread of hydrilla requires understanding the mechanisms of introduction and transport, an ability to map and make available information on distribution, and tools to distinguish the known U.S. biotypes as well as potential new introductions. Review of the literature and discussions with aquatic scientists and resource managers point to the aquarium and water garden plant trades as the primary past mechanism for the regional dispersal of hydrilla while local dispersal is primarily carried out by other mechanisms such as boat traffic, intentional introductions, and waterfowl. The Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database is presented as a tool for assembling, geo-referencing, and making available information on the distribution of hydrilla. A map of the current range of dioecious and monoecious hydrilla by drainage is presented. Four hydrilla samples, taken from three discrete, non-contiguous regions (Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Washington State) were examined using two RAPD assays. The first, generated using primer Operon G17, and capable of distinguishing the dioecious and monoecious U.S. biotypes, indicated all four samples were of the monoecious biotype. Results of the second assay using the Stoffel fragment and 5 primers, produced 111 markers, indicated that these samples do not represent new foreign introductions. The differences in the monoecious and dioecious growth habits and management are discussed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Aquatic Plant Management Society","issn":"01466623","usgsCitation":"Madeira, P.T., Jacono, C., and Van, T.K., 2000, Monitoring hydrilla using two RAPD procedures and the nonindigenous aquatic species database: Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, v. 38, p. 33-40.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://apms.org/2000/12/journal-of-aquatic-plant-management-volume-38-2000-2/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      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,{"id":70023144,"text":"70023144 - 2000 - Imaging and modeling new VETEM data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T18:59:08.493164","indexId":"70023144","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Imaging and modeling new VETEM data","docAbstract":"In previously reported work (Wright and others, 2000) we found that the very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system produced data from which high resolution images of a buried former foundry site at the Denver Federal Center were made. The soil covering the site is about 30 mS/m conductivity, and is thus relatively unfavorable for ground penetrating radar (GPR) imaging. We have surveyed portions of this site again with new electric field dipole antennas and a new receiver designed for these antennas. Comparisons of the images produced using the loop antennas to those produced using the electric field dipole antennas illustrate that for this application the loop antennas produced more useful images. The larger man-made structures can be seen more clearly because they are not masked by dispersion and/or smaller scale variations as with the electric field dipole antennas. The VETEM system now contains an array of antennas with appropriate transmitters and receivers and can be operated as a low frequency time domain GPR or as a high frequency time domain electromagnetic (EM) system with several possible antenna spacings and polarizations. We plan to examine additional configurations. Numerical modeling of the perpendicular loop antenna configuration has been done and depth estimates produced. We conclude that, as with other GPR and time domain EM systems, the best choice of operating parameters depends on the application and the environment, but the inherent flexibility of the VETEM system allows a wide range of options.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"GPR 2000: The 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","conferenceDate":"23 May 2000 through 26 May 2000","conferenceLocation":"Goldcoast, Aust","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers","publisherLocation":"Bellingham, WA, United States","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Wright, D.L., Smith, D.V., Abraham, J., Hutton, R.S., Bond, E.K., Cui, T.J., Aydiner, A.A., and Chew, W.C., 2000, Imaging and modeling new VETEM data, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4084, Goldcoast, Aust, 23 May 2000 through 26 May 2000, p. 146-150.","startPage":"146","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233665,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4084","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a387fe4b0c8380cd615b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, David L. dwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":1132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"David","email":"dwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":396468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David V. 0000-0003-0426-4401 dvsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-4401","contributorId":1306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dvsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutton, Raymond S.","contributorId":79001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutton","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bond, E. Kent","contributorId":59698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cui, Tie Jun","contributorId":9542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"Tie","email":"","middleInitial":"Jun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aydiner, Alaeddin A.","contributorId":21038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aydiner","given":"Alaeddin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chew, Weng Cho","contributorId":107159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"Weng","email":"","middleInitial":"Cho","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1002421,"text":"1002421 - 2000 - Climate change: Potential impacts and interactions in wetlands of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T15:48:00","indexId":"1002421","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change: Potential impacts and interactions in wetlands of the United States","docAbstract":"Wetlands exist in a transition zone between aquatic and terrestrial environments which can be altered by subtle changes in hydrology. Twentieth century climate records show that the United States is generally experiencing a trend towards a wetter, warmer climate; some climate models suggest that his trend will continue and possibly intensify over the next 100 years. Wetlands that are most likely to be affected by these and other potential changes (e.g., sea-level rise) associated with atmospheric carbon enrichment include permafrost wetlands, coastal and estuarine wetlands, peatlands, alpine wetlands, and prairie pothote wetlands. Potential impacts range from changes in community structure to changes in ecological function, and from extirpation to enhancement. Wetlands (particularly boreal peatlands) play an important role in the global carbon cycle, generally sequestering carbon in the form of biomass, methane, dissolved organic material and organic sediment. Wetlands that are drained or partially dried can become a net source of methane and carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, serving as a positive biotic feedback to global warming. Policy options for minimizing the adverse impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems include the reduction of current anthropogenic stresses, allowing for inland migration of coastal wetlands as sea-level rises, active management to preserve wetland hydrology, and a wide range of other management and restoration options.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04270.x","usgsCitation":"Burkett, V., and Kusler, J., 2000, Climate change: Potential impacts and interactions in wetlands of the United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 2, p. 313-320, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04270.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"320","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de1e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkett, Virginia 0000-0003-4746-2862 virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":2867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kusler, Jon","contributorId":113716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusler","given":"Jon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023154,"text":"70023154 - 2000 - Modeling sand bank formation around tidal headlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T10:41:54","indexId":"70023154","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3160,"text":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling sand bank formation around tidal headlands","docAbstract":"Sandbanks are often found in the vicinity of coastal headlands around which tidal flows are strong enough to generate significant tidally-forced residual eddies, typically with scales of 2-10 km. One popular hypothesis is that these sandbanks are generated by a 'tidal stirring' mechanism in which the inward-directed pressure gradient associated with these residual eddies produces an inward-directed movement of sand near the seabed. This hypothesis predicts asymmetric sandbank formation when planetary vorticity is significant compared to the relative vorticity of the residual eddies. This mechanism is tested with a numerical sediment transport model, using idealized symmetrical coastline geometry and tidal forcing that represents conditions similar to regions where these tidal headland sandbanks are known to occur. For both suspended and bedload simulations, we find that nearly symmetric sandbanks form, and that the sediment transport patterns that are responsible for building and maintaining the banks are due more the patterns of shear stress and sediment flux that occur over the course of the tidal cycle rather than to the characteristics of the tidally-averaged residual fields. We also find that sediment supply can be an important factor in controlling the nature of the resulting sandbanks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Estuarine Coastal Modeling","conferenceDate":"3 November 1999 through 5 November 1999","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., and Harris, C.K., 2000, Modeling sand bank formation around tidal headlands: Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, p. 209-222.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"222","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c26e4b0c8380cd6fa96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Courtney K.","contributorId":19620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6708,"text":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023181,"text":"70023181 - 2000 - Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: Electron and mass balance along groundwater flow paths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T12:55:11","indexId":"70023181","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: Electron and mass balance along groundwater flow paths","docAbstract":"<p><span>The rate and mechanism of nitrate removal along and between groundwater flow paths were investigated using a series of well nests screened in an unconfined sand and gravel aquifer. Intensive agricultural activity in this area has resulted in nitrate concentrations in groundwater often exceeding drinking water standards. Both the extent and rate of denitrification varied depending on the groundwater flow path. While little or no denitrification occurred in much of the upland portions of the aquifer, a gradual redox gradient is observed as aerobic upland groundwater moves deeper in the aquifer. In contrast, a sharp shallow redox gradient is observed adjacent to a third‐order stream as aerobic groundwater enters reduced sediments. An essentially complete loss of nitrate concurrent with increases in excess N</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>provide evidence that denitrification occurs as groundwater enters this zone. Electron and mass balance calculations suggest that iron sulfide (e.g., pyrite) oxidation is the primary source of electrons for denitrification. Denitrification rate estimates were based on mass balance calculations using nitrate and excess N</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>coupled with groundwater travel times. Travel times were determined using a groundwater flow model and were constrained by chlorofluorocarbon‐based age dates. Denitrification rates were found to vary considerably between the two areas where denitrification occurs. Denitrification rates in the deep, upland portions of the aquifer were found to range from &lt;0.01 to 0.14 m</span><i>M</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of N per year; rates at the redoxcline along the shallow flow path range from 1.0 to 2.7 m</span><i>M</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of N per year. Potential denitrification rates in groundwater adjacent to the stream may be much faster, with rates up to 140 m</span><i>M</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>per year based on an in situ experiment conducted in this zone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900035","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A.J., Liebscher, H., and Cox, S.E., 2000, Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: Electron and mass balance along groundwater flow paths: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1545-1559, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900035.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1545","endPage":"1559","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900035","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5360e4b0c8380cd6ca32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J. 0000-0003-4674-7364 tesorier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-7364","contributorId":2693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony","email":"tesorier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liebscher, Hugh","contributorId":25169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liebscher","given":"Hugh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Stephen E. 0000-0001-6614-8225 secox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6614-8225","contributorId":1642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Stephen","email":"secox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023211,"text":"70023211 - 2000 - Direct behavioral evidence that unique bile acids released by larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) function as a migratory pheromone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70023211","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct behavioral evidence that unique bile acids released by larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) function as a migratory pheromone","docAbstract":"Four behavioral experiments conducted in both the laboratory and the field provide evidence that adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) select spawning rivers based on the odor of larvae that they contain and that bile acids released by the larvae are part of this pheromonal odor. First, when tested in a recirculating maze, migratory adult lamprey spent more time in water scented with larvae. However, when fully mature, adults lost their responsiveness to larvae and preferred instead the odor of mature individuals. Second, when tested in a flowing stream, migratory adults swam upstream more actively when the water was scented with larvae. Third, when migratory adults were tested in a laboratory maze containing still water, they exhibited enhanced swimming activity in the presence of a 0.1 nM concentration of the two unique bile acids released by larvae and detected by adult lamprey. Fourth, when adults were exposed to this bile acid mixture within flowing waters, they actively swam into it. Taken together, these data suggest that adult lamprey use a bile acid based larval pheromone to help them locate spawning rivers and that responsiveness to this cue is influenced by current flow, maturity, and time of day. Although the precise identity and function of the larval pheromone remain to be fully elucidated, we believe that this cue will ultimately prove useful as an attractant in sea lamprey control.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Bjerselius, R., Li, W., Teeter, J., Seelye, J., Johnsen, P., Maniak, P., Grant, G., Polkinghorne, C., and Sorensen, P., 2000, Direct behavioral evidence that unique bile acids released by larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) function as a migratory pheromone: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 3, p. 557-569.","startPage":"557","endPage":"569","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01ace4b0c8380cd4fcda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjerselius, R.","contributorId":15792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjerselius","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, W.","contributorId":85361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teeter, J.H.","contributorId":38328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeter","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnsen, P.B.","contributorId":34293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnsen","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maniak, P.J.","contributorId":98915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maniak","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grant, G.C.","contributorId":101305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Polkinghorne, C.N.","contributorId":16193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polkinghorne","given":"C.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sorensen, P.W.","contributorId":66884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorensen","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70023210,"text":"70023210 - 2000 - Attendance patterns of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) females and pups during the non-breeding season at San Miguel Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T17:40:41.545062","indexId":"70023210","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Attendance patterns of California sea lion (<i>Zalophus californianus</i>) females and pups during the non-breeding season at San Miguel Island","title":"Attendance patterns of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) females and pups during the non-breeding season at San Miguel Island","docAbstract":"The attendance patterns of California sea lions were studied during the non-breeding seasons from 1991 to 1994. Lactating females frequented the rookery to nurse their pups until weaning; most non-lactating females left the rookery for the season. Females spent over 70% of their time at sea except in 1993 when they spent 59% of their time at sea. The mean foraging trip length in the winter and spring ranged from 3.3 to 4.6 d; the mean nursing visit ranged from 1.2 to 1.4 d. The duration of foraging trips and nursing visits was variable over the season for individuals but no pattern of change was detected. Interannual and seasonal differences were not significant for time at sea, visits ashore, or foraging-trip duration before, during, or after the 1992-1993 El Nino event. Pups spent an average of 66.6% of their time ashore and up to three days away from the rookery during their mother's absence. Most females and pups stayed associated until April or May. The results suggest that seasonal movement of prey is more important in determining attendance patterns late in the lactation period than increasing energy demands of the pup.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2000.tb00911.x","issn":"08240469","usgsCitation":"Melin, S., DeLong, R., Thomason, J., and VanBlaricom, G., 2000, Attendance patterns of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) females and pups during the non-breeding season at San Miguel Island: Marine Mammal Science, v. 16, no. 1, p. 169-185, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2000.tb00911.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"185","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Miguel Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": 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J.R.","contributorId":45868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomason","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"VanBlaricom, G.R.","contributorId":94239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanBlaricom","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003650,"text":"1003650 - 2000 - Heavy metals in wild rice from northern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-12T17:53:07.931355","indexId":"1003650","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heavy metals in wild rice from northern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Wild rice grain samples from various parts of the world have been found to have elevated concentrations of heavy metals, raising concern for potential effects on human health. It was hypothesized that wild rice from north-central Wisconsin could potentially have elevated concentrations of some heavy metals because of possible exposure to these elements from the atmosphere or from water and sediments. In addition, no studies of heavy metals in wild rice from Wisconsin had been performed, and a baseline study was needed for future comparisons. Wild rice plants were collected from four areas in Bayfield, Forest, Langlade, Oneida, Sawyer and Wood Counties in September, 1997 and 1998 and divided into four plant parts for elemental analyses: roots, stems, leaves and seeds. A total of 194 samples from 51 plants were analyzed across the localities, with an average of 49 samples per part depending on the element. Samples were cleaned of soil, wet digested, and analyzed by ICP for Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mg, Pb, Se and Zn. Roots contained the highest concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Se. Copper was highest in both roots and seeds, while Zn was highest just in seeds. Magnesium was highest in leaves. Seed baseline ranges for the 10 elements were established using the 95% confidence intervals of the medians. Wild rice plants from northern Wisconsin had normal levels of the nutritional elements Cu, Mg and Zn in the seeds. Silver, Cd, Hg, Cr, and Se were very low in concentration or within normal limits for food plants. Arsenic and Pb, however, were elevated and could pose a problem for human health. The pathway for As, Hg and Pb to the plants could be atmospheric.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00464-7","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., Chiriboga, E., Coleman, J., and Waller, D., 2000, Heavy metals in wild rice from northern Wisconsin: Science of the Total Environment, v. 246, no. 2-3, p. 261-269, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00464-7.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"269","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Bayfield, Forest, Langlade, Oneida, Sawyer, Wood","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n    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,{"id":1003620,"text":"1003620 - 2000 - Efficacy of a type C botulism vaccine in green-winged teal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-18T11:21:20","indexId":"1003620","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of a type C botulism vaccine in green-winged teal","docAbstract":"<p>We tested the efficacy of a single dose of Botumink toxoid for protecting wild green-winged teal (Anas crecca) during botulism epizootics caused by Clostridium botulinum type C. We challenged control and immunized ducks with four different doses of type C botulinum toxin to determine the LD50 for this species and to evaluate vaccine protection. Fewer immunized ducks were affected with botulism than control ducks, indicating that a single dose of Botumink toxoid could increase the survival of ducks during epizootics. However, the frequency of immunized ducks with signs of botulism increased with the challenge dose of botulinum toxin. Even at doses of botulinum toxin approximately 2 to 4 green-winged teal LD50, about 50% of the immunized ducks were affected. We believe an improved vaccine or a better delivery system is required to justify immunization of wild birds for experimental survival studies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-36.3.489","usgsCitation":"Rocke, T., Samuel, M., Swift, P.K., and Yarris, G., 2000, Efficacy of a type C botulism vaccine in green-winged teal: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 36, no. 3, p. 489-493, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.3.489.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"493","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479376,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.7589/0090-3558-36.3.489","text":"External 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K.","contributorId":35289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swift","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yarris, G.S.","contributorId":86297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarris","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023180,"text":"70023180 - 2000 - Quantifying solar spectral irradiance in aquatic habitats for the assessment of photoenhanced toxicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T11:31:10","indexId":"70023180","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying solar spectral irradiance in aquatic habitats for the assessment of photoenhanced toxicity","docAbstract":"<p><span>The spectra and intensity of solar radiation (solar spectral irradiance [SSI]) was quantified in selected aquatic habitats in the vicinity of an oil field on the California coast. Solar spectral irradiance measurements consisted of spectral scans (280–700 nm) and radiometric measurements of ultraviolet (UV): UVB (280–320 nm) and UVA (320–400 nm). Solar spectral irradiance measurements were taken at the surface and at various depths in two marsh ponds, a shallow wetland, an estuary lagoon, and the intertidal area of a high-energy sandy beach. Daily fluctuation in SSI showed a general parabolic relationship with time; maximum structure–activity relationship (SAR) was observed at approximate solar noon. Solar spectral irradiance measurements taken at 10-cm depth at approximate solar noon in multiple aquatic habitats exhibited only a twofold variation in visible light and UVA and a 4.5-fold variation in UVB. Visible light ranged from 11,000 to 19,000 μW/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>, UVA ranged from 460 to 1,100 μW/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>, and UVB ranged from 8.4 to 38 μW/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>. In each habitat, the attenuation of light intensity with increasing water depth was differentially affected over specific wavelengths of SSI. The study results allowed the development of environmentally realistic light regimes necessary for photoenhanced toxicity studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620190419","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Barron, M., Little, E.E., Calfee, R., and Diamond, S., 2000, Quantifying solar spectral irradiance in aquatic habitats for the assessment of photoenhanced toxicity: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 4 I, p. 920-925, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190419.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"920","endPage":"925","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4 I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91dee4b0c8380cd804f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, M.G.","contributorId":87488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calfee, R. 0000-0001-6056-7023","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-7023","contributorId":31547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calfee","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diamond, S.","contributorId":59207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamond","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003657,"text":"1003657 - 2000 - Field surveys of Midwestern and Northeastern Fish and Wildlife Service lands for the presence of abnormal frogs and toads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T13:57:00","indexId":"1003657","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2555,"text":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field surveys of Midwestern and Northeastern Fish and Wildlife Service lands for the presence of abnormal frogs and toads","docAbstract":"<p>The national distribution of information on the discovery of malformations in Minnesota frogs in 1995 stimulated collection and examination of newly metamorphosed frogs during 1996. By late summer and early fall of 1996, malformed frogs and toads were reported on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lands in Vermont (Northeast, Region 5) and Minnesota (Midwest, Region 3). In response to these reports, biologists in USFWS Regions 3 and 5 conducted a survey, during the summer of 1997 to determine the distribution and type of malformations in frogs and toads on selected federal lands. Region 3 personnel surveyed 38 field stations at National Wildlife Refuges (NWR's) and Wetland Management Districts. Malformed frogs and toads were collected at 23 (61%) of the Region 3 sites. External malformations were detected in 110 of 6632 individuals representing seven of 13 frog species and one of three toad species examined for an overall of 1.7% affected (percentages for affected species ranged from 0.4-5.2%). In Region 5, 17 NWR's and one National Park were surveyed. Malformed frogs were collected at 10 (56%) of the Region 5 sites. External malformations were detected in 58 of 2267 individuals representing six of 11 frog species and one of two toad species examined for an overall total of 2.6% affected (percentages for affected species ranged from 1.8-15.6%). The majority of malformations observed in frogs and toads collected in Regions 3 and 5 were partially or completely missing hind limbs and digits (50%)or malformed hind limbs and digits (14%). A few individuals had an extra limb or toe, missing or malformed front limb, missing eye, or malformation of the mandible. Despite small sample sizes at some sites, malformations were confirmed to be present in eight species of frogs and two species of toads on Federal lands in USFWS Regions 3 and 5. Further study is needed to determine the extent and distribution of amphibian malformations in these Regions. Data from this study were provided to the national database on distribution of malformed amphibians.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Iowa Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., Mattsson, J., and Eaton-Poole, L., 2000, Field surveys of Midwestern and Northeastern Fish and Wildlife Service lands for the presence of abnormal frogs and toads: Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 107, no. 3, p. 160-167.","productDescription":"p. 160-167","startPage":"160","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, 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A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattsson, J.","contributorId":21514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattsson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eaton-Poole, L.","contributorId":69521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton-Poole","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023179,"text":"70023179 - 2000 - Comparing strengths of geographic and nongeographic classifications of stream benthic macroinvertebrates in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T17:40:35.165021","indexId":"70023179","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing strengths of geographic and nongeographic classifications of stream benthic macroinvertebrates in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The US Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) sampled ∼500 wadeable streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region of the US during the late spring of 1993 to 1995 for a variety of physical, chemical, and biological indicators of environmental condition. Eighty-eight sites that were minimally affected by human activities were chosen to determine the extent to which geographic and stream-based classifications accounted for variation in the composition of riffle macroinvertebrate assemblages. Bray–Curtis similarities among sites were calculated from the relative abundance of macroinvertebrates to assess the strength of classifications based on geography (ecoregions and catchments), habitat (slope and stream order), and water chemistry (conductivity). For comparison, a taxonomic classification (two-way indicator species analysis, TWINSPAN) and a gradient analysis (correspondence analysis, CA) were performed on the macroinvertebrate data. To assess the effect of taxonomic resolution, all analyses were completed at the family level and to lowest practical taxon. The large overall variation within and among ecoregions resulted in a low average classification strength (<i>CS</i>) of ecoregions, although some ecoregions had high<span>&nbsp;</span><i>CS.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Stream order had the highest<span>&nbsp;</span><i>CS</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of the habitat and water chemistry classifications. Ecoregion<span>&nbsp;</span><i>CS</i><span>&nbsp;</span>increased, however, when stream sites were 1<sup>st</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>stratified by stream order (ecoregions nested within stream order). Nested ecoregion<span>&nbsp;</span><i>CS</i><span>&nbsp;</span>did not increase within 1<sup>st</sup>-order streams, yet increased within 2<sup>nd</sup>- and 3<sup>rd</sup>-order streams. CA ordinations and TWINSPAN classification showed a clear gradient of streams along stream size (order), with a clear separation of 1<sup>st</sup>- and 3<sup>rd</sup>-order streams based on macroinvertebrate composition. The ordinations did not, however, show a distinct clustering of sites on the basis of ecoregions. Overall, the lowest practical taxon level of identification resulted in a clearer pattern of sites in ordination space than did family-level identification, yet only a slight improvement in the different classifications (geographic, habitat, and water chemistry) based on average similarity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468105","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Waite, I., Herlihy, A., Larsen, D.P., and Klemm, D., 2000, Comparing strengths of geographic and nongeographic classifications of stream benthic macroinvertebrates in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, USA: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 19, no. 3, p. 429-441, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468105.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"441","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, New York, 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Sulfur decreased 8% in the epiphytic species, but increased 20% in the soil lichen. Factor analysis revealed that soil elements were higher in the soil lichen, indicating there was some soil contamination in that species. A relationship between iron and titanium was found only in the soil lichen. Sulfur and mercury were highly enriched in both species relative to the soil, which suggests that the atmosphere is a contributing source of these elements. New baseline values were calculated, 22 elements for both species, although it is not recommended that the soil lichen be sampled in the future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00711-7","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., and Wetmore, C.M., 2000, 16-year trends in elements of lichens at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, ND: Science of the Total Environment, v. 263, no. 1-3, p. 231-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00711-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"241","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n     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