{"pageNumber":"3282","pageRowStart":"82025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":1015008,"text":"1015008 - 2000 - Hydraulic characteristics of a rectangular mixed-cell rearing unit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T13:49:35.105076","indexId":"1015008","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic characteristics of a rectangular mixed-cell rearing unit","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe a fish rearing unit modification that establishes mixed flow reactor (MFR) behavior in a rectangular vessel so as to eliminate metabolite concentration gradients, increase current velocities and improve solids scour at low water exchange rates. A standard raceway section 14.5 m long was modified to create six counter-rotating mixed cells, each 2.4 m wide by 2.4 m long. Cells receive water from vertical pipe sections extending to the tank floor and positioned in the corners of the cells. Vertical pipe sections were fabricated with jet ports that direct water into the cells tangentially to establish rotary circulation. Water exits each cell through a centrally located floor drain. Hydraulic characteristics of the tank are described based on an analysis of residence time distribution, current velocities and cell-to-cell water exchange rates. The latter was calculated based on a proposed hydraulics model and tracer concentrations established at a steady state. Vessel dispersion numbers measured with water exchange rates of 1.0 and 1.3 per hour, indicate tank performance approximates that of a MFR with the active tank volume representing 77.9–100% of total tank volume. Water velocities measured at 216 stations averaged 0.14, 0.12 and 0.12 m/s for the tank surface, mid-depth and near bottom regions. The benthic shear stress calculated given surface velocity was 0.04 N/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>. This was sufficient to scour and purge fecal solids produced by 2010 kg of lake trout that averaged 44.3 cm in total length. Cell interaction was significant with cell-to-cell exchange rates averaging 3.9 times the tank inflow rate. Energy requirements of the rearing unit were kept low (1.32 m water gauge pressure; 6.7 W/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>) through use of a large number of low velocity jets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0144-8609(00)00064-9","usgsCitation":"Watten, B., Honeyfield, D., and Schwartz, M., 2000, Hydraulic characteristics of a rectangular mixed-cell rearing unit: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 24, no. 1, p. 59-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8609(00)00064-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"73","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479353,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8609(00)00064-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a36b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Honeyfield, D. C. 0000-0003-3034-2047","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-2047","contributorId":73136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeyfield","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, M.F.","contributorId":91442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022880,"text":"70022880 - 2000 - Nitrite fixation by humic substances: Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for potential intermediates in chemodenitrification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:02:56","indexId":"70022880","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrite fixation by humic substances: Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for potential intermediates in chemodenitrification","docAbstract":"<p>Studies have suggested that NO<sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub>, produced during nitrification and denitrification, can become incorporated into soil organic matter and, in one of the processes associated with chemodenitrification, react with organic matter to form trace N gases, including N<sub>2</sub>O. To gain an understanding of the nitrosation chemistry on a molecular level, soil and aquatic humic substances were reacted with<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N-labeled NaNO<sub>2</sub>, and analyzed by liquid phase<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) Pahokee peat and peat humic acid were also reacted with Na<sup>15</sup>NO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and analyzed by solid-state<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N NMR. In Suwannee River, Armadale, and Laurentian fulvic acids, phenolic rings and activated methylene groups underwent nitrosation to form nitrosophenols (quinone monoximes) and ketoximes, respectively. The oximes underwent Beckmann rearrangements to 2° amides, and Beckmann fragmentations to nitriles. The nitriles in turn underwent hydrolysis to 1° amides. Peaks tentatively identified as imine, indophenol, or azoxybenzene nitrogens were clearly present in spectra of samples nitrosated at pH 6 but diminished at pH 3. The<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N NMR spectrum of the peat humic acid exhibited peaks corresponding with N-nitroso groups in addition to nitrosophenols, ketoximes, and secondary Beckmann reaction products. Formation of N-nitroso groups was more significant in the whole peat compared with the peat humic acid. Carbon-13 NMR analyses also indicated the occurrence of nitrosative demethoxylation in peat and soil humic acids. Reaction of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N-NH<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>fixated fulvic acid with unlabeled NO<sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>resulted in nitrosative deamination of aminohydroquinone N, suggesting a previously unrecognized pathway for production of N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>gas in soils fertilized with NH<sub>3</sub></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2000.642568x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., and Mikita, M., 2000, Nitrite fixation by humic substances: Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for potential intermediates in chemodenitrification: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 64, no. 2, p. 568-582, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.642568x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"568","endPage":"582","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66b9e4b0c8380cd72f53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mikita, M.A.","contributorId":20081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikita","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015022,"text":"1015022 - 2000 - Correlation of transforming growth factor-β messenger RNA (TGF-β mRNA) expression with cellular immunoassays in Triamcinolone-treated captive hybrid striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T21:41:59.284016","indexId":"1015022","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of transforming growth factor-β messenger RNA (TGF-β mRNA) expression with cellular immunoassays in Triamcinolone-treated captive hybrid striped bass","docAbstract":"<p><span>Assessing fish immune status with molecular markers has been hampered by a lack of specific reagents. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method (reverse transcription quantitative–competitive PCR, RT-qcPCR) for measuring transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) transcription from a broad range of teleost fish has recently been developed. The quantitative PCR now permits monitoring production of this important immunosuppressive cytokine in response to immunomodulating agents and conditions. We examined anterior kidney and spleen mononuclear cells from hybrid striped bass (female striped bass </span><i>Morone saxatilis</i><span>× male white bass </span><i>M. chrysops</i><span>) for production of TGF-β messenger RNA (mRNA) in response to administration of the synthetic glucocorticoid triamcinolone. We also compared TGF-β transcription with anterior kidney macrophage bactericidal activity and splenic lymphocyte blastogenesis. Anterior kidney mononuclear cell TGF-β mRNA levels decreased, whereas bactericidal activity increased. Spleen TGF-β mRNA levels did not change significantly, and splenic lymphocyte pokeweed mitogen stimulation index increased in triamcinolone-treated fish. Since triamcinolone is used therapeutically as a suppressive immunomodulator, the enhanced immune functions indicated by the cellular immunoassays were unexpected; however, the inverse response of TGF-β production and macrophage bactericidal activity was consistent with the known relationship between TGF-β and macrophage activation in mammals. Induced immunomodulation in hybrid striped bass was detectable by both traditional cellular immunoassays and the new RT-qcPCR for TGF-β.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2000)012<0009:COTGFM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Harms, C.A., Ottinger, C.A., and Kennedy-Stoskopf, S., 2000, Correlation of transforming growth factor-β messenger RNA (TGF-β mRNA) expression with cellular immunoassays in Triamcinolone-treated captive hybrid striped bass: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 12, no. 1, p. 9-17, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2000)012<0009:COTGFM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harms, Craig A.","contributorId":59759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harms","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ottinger, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2551-1985 cottinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":2559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Christopher","email":"cottinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne","contributorId":18319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy-Stoskopf","given":"Suzanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015023,"text":"1015023 - 2000 - Population decline of the American eel: implications for research and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:04","indexId":"1015023","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population decline of the American eel: implications for research and management","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"00-128/TF","usgsCitation":"Haro, A., Richkus, W., Whalen, K., Hoar, A., Busch, W., Lary, S., Brush, T., and Dixon, D., 2000, Population decline of the American eel: implications for research and management: Fisheries, v. 25, no. 9, p. 7-16.","productDescription":"p. 7-16","startPage":"7","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6842f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haro, A.","contributorId":6792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richkus, W.","contributorId":52923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richkus","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whalen, K.","contributorId":44878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whalen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoar, A.","contributorId":52534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoar","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Busch, W.D.","contributorId":92624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lary, S.","contributorId":75102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lary","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brush, T.","contributorId":105672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brush","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dixon, D.","contributorId":88697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1015026,"text":"1015026 - 2000 - The role of landscape and habitat characteristics in limiting abundance of grassland nesting songbirds in an urban open space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-18T10:28:21","indexId":"1015026","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of landscape and habitat characteristics in limiting abundance of grassland nesting songbirds in an urban open space","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examine the relationships between abundance of grassland nesting songbirds observed in the Boulder Open Space, CO, USA and parameters that described landscape and habitat characteristics, in order to provide information for Boulder Open Space planners and managers. Data sets included bird abundance and plant species composition, collected during three breeding seasons (1994–1996), and landscape composition and configuration measures from a satellite image-derived land-cover map. We used regression quantiles to estimate the limitations imposed on bird abundance by urban encroachment and decreasing areas of grassland cover-types on the landscape, and habitat characteristics within 200</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m diameter sample plots. After accounting for the effect of landscape grassland composition on four species (Western Meadowlark (</span><i>Sturnella neglecta</i><span>), Vesper Sparrow (</span><i>Pooecetes gramineus</i><span>), Horned Lark (</span><i>Eremophila alpestris</i><span>), and Grasshopper Sparrow (</span><i>Ammodramus savannarum</i><span>)), change in abundance with proportion of urban area in the landscape was consistent with the pattern expected for limiting factors that were the active constraint at some times and places. Area of preferred grassland cover-types on the landscape was important for all species, and this remained the case when habitat variables were included in combined landscape–habitat models, with one exception (Western Meadowlark). Analysis of habitat variables enabled identification of important features at the local scale (e.g. shale<span>&nbsp;</span>plant communities<span>&nbsp;</span>in Lark Sparrow (</span><i>Chondestes grammacus</i><span>) habitat) that were indistinguishable using landscape data alone. Consideration of changes in the landscape due to urbanization and loss of grassland habitat are crucial for open space planning, and habitat features associated with localized and clumped bird species distributions provide important additional information. Widening the management focus to include areas that are not part of the open space system will facilitate a more complete understanding of potential limiting factor processes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00044-X","usgsCitation":"Haire, S., Bock, C., Cade, B., and Bennett, B., 2000, The role of landscape and habitat characteristics in limiting abundance of grassland nesting songbirds in an urban open space: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 48, no. 1-2, p. 65-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00044-X.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haire, S.","contributorId":81849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haire","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bock, C.E.","contributorId":75485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bock","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, B.C.","contributorId":44116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015028,"text":"1015028 - 2000 - Using multi-scale sampling and spatial cross-correlation to investigate patterns of plant species richness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T17:26:43","indexId":"1015028","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multi-scale sampling and spatial cross-correlation to investigate patterns of plant species richness","docAbstract":"<p>Land managers need better techniques to assess exoticplant invasions. We used the cross-correlationstatistic, <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">I</i><sub>YZ</sub>, to test for the presence ofspatial cross-correlation between pair-wisecombinations of soil characteristics, topographicvariables, plant species richness, and cover ofvascular plants in a 754 ha study site in RockyMountain National Park, Colorado, U.S.A. Using 25 largeplots (1000 m<sup>2</sup>) in five vegetation types, 8 of 12variables showed significant spatial cross-correlationwith at least one other variable, while 6 of 12variables showed significant spatial auto-correlation. Elevation and slope showed significant spatialcross-correlation with all variables except percentcover of native and exotic species. Percent cover ofnative species had significant spatialcross-correlations with soil variables, but not withexotic species. This was probably because of thepatchy distributions of vegetation types in the studyarea. At a finer resolution, using data from ten1 m<sup>2</sup> subplots within each of the 1000 m<sup>2</sup> plots, allvariables showed significant spatial auto- andcross-correlation. Large-plot sampling was moreaffected by topographic factors than speciesdistribution patterns, while with finer resolutionsampling, the opposite was true. However, thestatistically and biologically significant spatialcorrelation of native and exotic species could only bedetected with finer resolution sampling. We foundexotic plant species invading areas with high nativeplant richness and cover, and in fertile soils high innitrogen, silt, and clay. Spatial auto- andcross-correlation statistics, along with theintegration of remotely sensed data and geographicinformation systems, are powerful new tools forevaluating the patterns and distribution of native andexotic plant species in relation to landscape structure.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1006329707198","usgsCitation":"Kalkhan, M.A., and Stohlgren, T., 2000, Using multi-scale sampling and spatial cross-correlation to investigate patterns of plant species richness: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 64, no. 3, p. 591-605, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006329707198.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"605","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602ea6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhan, M. A.","contributorId":82655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalkhan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022953,"text":"70022953 - 2000 - Effect of stream channel size on the delivery of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70022953","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of stream channel size on the delivery of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"An increase in the flux of nitrogen from the Mississippi river during the latter half of the twentieth century has caused eutrophication and chronic seasonal hypoxia in the shallow waters of the Louisiana shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico. This has led to reductions in species diversity, mortality of benthic communities and stress in fishery resources. There is evidence for a predominantly anthropogenic origin of the increased nitrogen flux, but the location of the most significant sources in the Mississippi basin responsible for the delivery of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico have not been clearly identified, because the parameters influencing nitrogen-loss rates in rivers are not well known. Here we present an analysis of data from 374 US monitoring stations, including 123 along the six largest tributaries to the Mississippi, that shows a rapid decline in the average first-order rate of nitrogen loss with channel size-from 0.45 day-1 in small streams to 0.005 day-1 in the Mississippi river. Using stream depth as an explanatory variable, our estimates of nitrogen-loss rates agreed with values from earlier studies. We conclude that the proximity of sources to large streams and rivers is an important determinant of nitrogen delivery to the estuary in the Mississippi basin, and possibly also in other large river basins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/35001562","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Smith, R.A., and Schwarz, G., 2000, Effect of stream channel size on the delivery of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico: Nature, v. 403, no. 6771, p. 758-761, https://doi.org/10.1038/35001562.","startPage":"758","endPage":"761","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208135,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35001562"},{"id":233614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"403","issue":"6771","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a060de4b0c8380cd510cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015066,"text":"1015066 - 2000 - The disparity between extreme rainfall events and rare floods - with emphasis on the semi-arid American West","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T09:43:15","indexId":"1015066","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The disparity between extreme rainfall events and rare floods - with emphasis on the semi-arid American West","docAbstract":"<p>Research beginning 40 years ago suggested that semi-arid lands of the USA have higher unit discharges for a given recurrence interval than occur in other areas. Convincing documentation and arguments for this suspicion, however, were not presented. Thus, records of measured rainfall intensities for specified durations and recurrence intervals, and theoretical depths of probable maximum precipitation for specified recurrence intervals and areal scales are considered here for comparing extreme rainfalls of semi-arid areas with those of other climatic areas. Runoff from semi-arid lands, as peaks of rare floods, is compared with that of other areas using various published records. Relative to humid areas, semi-arid parts of the conterminous USA have lower 100-year, 6-h rainfall intensities and smaller depths of 100-year probable maximum precipitation for 26-km<sup>2</sup> areas. Nonetheless, maximum flood peaks, flash-flood potentials, and runoff potentials are generally larger in semi-arid areas than in more humid parts of the nation. Causes of this disparity between rainfall and runoff appear to be results of soil and vegetation that in humid areas absorb and intercept rainfall and attenuate runoff, but in semi-arid areas limit infiltration and enhance runoff from bare, crusted surfaces. These differences in soil and vegetation conditions are indicated by the relatively high curve numbers and drainage densities that are typical of semi-arid areas. Owing to soil and vegetation conditions, rare floods in semi-arid areas are more likely to cause landform change than are floods of similar magnitude elsewhere.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2817::AID-HYP121>3.0.CO;2-B","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W.R., and Friedman, J.M., 2000, The disparity between extreme rainfall events and rare floods - with emphasis on the semi-arid American West: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 16-17, p. 2817-2829, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2817::AID-HYP121>3.0.CO;2-B.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2817","endPage":"2829","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"14","issue":"16-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6683f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015054,"text":"1015054 - 2000 - Potential effects of climate change on surface-water quality in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:28:08","indexId":"1015054","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of climate change on surface-water quality in North America","docAbstract":"<p>Data from long-term ecosystem monitoring and research stations in North America and results of simulations made with interpretive models indicate that changes in climate (precipitation and temperature) can have a significant effect on the quality of surface waters. Changes in water quality during storms, snowmelt, and periods of elevated air temperature or drought can cause conditions that exceed thresholds of ecosystem tolerance and, thus, lead to water-quality degradation. If warming and changes in available moisture occur, water-quality changes will likely first occur during episodes of climate-induced stress, and in ecosystems where the factors controlling water quality are sensitive to climate variability. Continued climate stress would increase the frequency with which ecosystem thresholds are exceeded and thus lead to chronic water-quality changes. Management strategies in a warmer climate will therefore be needed that are based on local ecological thresholds rather than annual median condition. Changes in land use alter biological, physical, and chemical processes in watersheds and thus significantly alter the quality of adjacent surface waters; these direct human-caused changes complicate the interpretation of water-quality changes resulting from changes in climate, and can be both mitigated and exacerbated by climate change. A rigorous strategy for integrated, long-term monitoring of the ecological and human factors that control water quality is necessary to differentiate between actual and perceived climate effects, and to track the effectiveness of our environmental policies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04273.x","usgsCitation":"Murdoch, P., Baron, J., and Miller, T.L., 2000, Potential effects of climate change on surface-water quality in North America: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 2, p. 347-366, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04273.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479150,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04273.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6838ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, T. L.","contributorId":54557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022429,"text":"70022429 - 2000 - Structure and composition of oligohaline marsh plant communities exposed to salinity pulses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70022429","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and composition of oligohaline marsh plant communities exposed to salinity pulses","docAbstract":"The response of two oligohaline marsh macrophyte communities to pulses of increased salinity was studied over a single growing season in a greenhouse experiment. The plant communities were allowed a recovery period in freshwater following the pulse events. The experimental treatments included: (1) salinity influx rate (rate of salinity increase from 0 to 12 gl-1); (2) duration of exposure to elevated salinity; and (3) water depth. The communities both included Sagittaria lancifolia L.; the codominant species were Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer and J.A. Schultes in community 1 and Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex Schinz and R. Keller in community 2. Effects of the treatments on sediment chemical characteristics (salinity, pH, redox potential, and sulfide and ammonium concentrations) and plant community attributes (aboveground and belowground biomass, stem density, leaf tissue nutrients, and species richness) were examined. The treatment effects often interacted to influence sediment and plant communities characteristics following recovery in fresh water. Salinity influx rate per se, however, had little effect on the abiotic or biotic response variables; significant influx effects were found when the 0 gl-1 (zero influx) treatment was compared to the 12 gl-1 treatments, regardless of the rate salinity was raised. A salinity level of 12 gl-1 had negative effects on plant community structure and composition; these effects were usually associated with 3 months of salinity exposure. Water depth often interacted with exposure duration, but increased water depth did independently decrease the values of some community response measures. Community 1 was affected more than community 2 in the most extreme salinity treatment (3 months exposure/15-cm water depth). Although species richness in both communities was reduced, structural changes were more dramatic in community 1. Biomass and stem density were reduced in community 1 overall and in both dominant species. Structural changes in community 2 consisted of reduced biomass and stem density in the community overall and in S. lancifolia; S. americanus was not affected by salinity. In this most extreme treatment, community 2 tended to change to a monospecific S. americanus stand while community 1 was reduced to a few surviving stems of secondary species. Our results suggest that vegetation recovery or establishment of new species following a temporary increase in soil water salinity will vary with exposure duration and water depth. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Botany","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3770(00)00108-X","issn":"03043770","usgsCitation":"Howard, R., and Mendelssohn, I., 2000, Structure and composition of oligohaline marsh plant communities exposed to salinity pulses: Aquatic Botany, v. 68, no. 2, p. 143-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(00)00108-X.","startPage":"143","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206633,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(00)00108-X"},{"id":230424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c0de4b08c986b31d250","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, R.J. 0000-0001-7264-4364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":86452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mendelssohn, I.A.","contributorId":24317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendelssohn","given":"I.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022448,"text":"70022448 - 2000 - Classification of river regimes: A context for hydroecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022448","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of river regimes: A context for hydroecology","docAbstract":"Over the past 30 years, ecologists have demostrated the importance of flow and temperature as primary variables in driving running water, riparian and floodplain ecosystems. As it is important to assess the size and timing of discharge variations in relation to those in temperature, a method is proposed that uses multivariate techniques to separately classify annual discharge and temperature regimes according to their 'shape' and 'magnitude', and which then combines the classifications. This paper: (i) describes a generally applicable method; (ii) tests the method by applying it to riparian systems on four British rivers using a 20-year record (1977-97) of flow and air temperature: (iii) proposes a hydroecological interpretation of the classification; (iv) considers the degree to which the methodology might provide information to support the design of ecologically acceptable flow regimes. 'Regimes' are defined for discharge and air temperature using monthly mean data. The results of applying the classification procedure to four British rivers indicates that the 'typical' regimes for each of the four catchments are composite features produced by a small number of clearly defined annual types that reflect interannual variability in hydroclimatological conditions. Annual discharge patterns are dominated by three 'shape' classes (accounting for 94% of the station years: class A, early (November) peak; class B, intermediate (December-January) peak; and class C, late (March) peak) and one 'magnitude' class (70% of the station years fall into class 3, intermediate), with two subordinate 'magnitude' classes: low-flow years (18%) and high flow years (12%). For air temperature, annual patterns are classified evenly into three 'shape' and four 'magnitude' classes. It is argued that this variety of flow-temperature patterns is important for sustaining ecosystem integrity and for establishing benchmark flow regimes and associated frequencies to aid river management. Copyright ?? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Over the past 30 years, ecologists have demonstrated the importance of flow and temperature as primary variables in driving running water, riparian and floodplain ecosystems. As it is important to assess the size and timing of discharge variations in relation to those in temperature, a method is proposed that uses multivariate techniques to separately classify annual discharge and temperature regimes according to their `shape' and `magnitude', and which then combines the classifications. This paper: (i) describes a generally applicable method; (ii) tests the method by applying it to riparian systems on four British rivers using a 20-year record (1977-97) of flow and air temperature; (iii) proposes a hydroecological interpretation of the classification; (iv) considers the degree to which the methodology might provide information to support the design of ecologically acceptable flow regimes. `Regimes' are defined for discharge and air temperature using monthly mean data. The results of applying the classification procedure to four British rivers indicates that the `typical' regimes for each of the four catchments are composite features produced by a small number of clearly defined annual types that reflect interannual variability in hydroclimatological conditions. Annual discharge patterns are dominated by three `shape' classes (accounting for 94% of the station years: class A, early (November) peak; class B, intermediate (December-January) peak; and class C, late (March) peak) and one `magnitude' class (70% of the station years fall into class 3, intermediate), with two subordinate `magnitude' classes: low-flow years (18%) and high flow years (12%). For air temperature, annual patterns are classified evenly into three `shape' and four `magnitude' classes. It is argued that this variety of flow-temperature patterns is important for sustaining ecosystem integrity and for establishing benchmark flow regimes and associated frequencies to aid ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2831::AID-HYP122>3.0.CO;2-O","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W.R., and Friedman, J.M., 2000, Classification of river regimes: A context for hydroecology: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 16-17, p. 2831-2848, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2831::AID-HYP122>3.0.CO;2-O.","startPage":"2831","endPage":"2848","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206755,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2831::AID-HYP122>3.0.CO;2-O"}],"volume":"14","issue":"16-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f61ce4b0c8380cd4c5d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022386,"text":"70022386 - 2000 - A volcano in North Carolina? A closer look at a tall tale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-12T16:33:26.141922","indexId":"70022386","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A volcano in North Carolina? A closer look at a tall tale","docAbstract":"<p>The legacy of the 1811-1812 New Madrid, Central United States, earthquakes is one of tremendous enigma. We are left with just enough contemporary information to provide a measure of constraint on the isoseismal contours and therefore magnitudes of the three principal events (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF6\">Nuttli, 1973</a>;<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF13\">Street, 1982</a>;<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF4\">Johnston, 1996</a>;<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF2\">Hough<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.,</i><span>&nbsp;</span>2000</a>), yet given the sparse population density and limited documentation of effects, our interpretations will always be plagued by a significant degree of uncertainty. Although the magnitudes of the three principal New Madrid main shocks will likely never be established with precision, all contemporary analyses (see above references) obtain magnitudes upward of 7 for all three events—large enough to produce perceptible ground motions as far away as the Atlantic seaboard.</p><p>One enduring and interesting bit of folklore concerning the New Madrid earthquakes of 1811-1812 involves the tale of a volcanic eruption in North Carolina at the time of the first main shock on 16 December 1811. The site of this supposed volcano was approximately 750 km east of the main shock and 40 km northwest of Asheville, North Carolina, at an area known in the early 1800's as “the springs” or “the warm springs” (<a class=\"link link-reveal link-table xref-fig\" data-open=\"FIG1\">Figure 1</a>). I will henceforth refer to the location by the name of the town that exists there now: Hot Springs. The tale has merited a brief mention in some modern treatises on the New Madrid sequence. For example, Penick (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF8\">1981</a>) mentions the 1812 letter by Asheville, North Carolina resident John Clarke Edwards that described the supposed eruption. Penick (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF8\">1981</a>) goes on to note that the letter was quickly discredited as a hoax.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.71.6.704","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., 2000, A volcano in North Carolina? A closer look at a tall tale: Seismological Research Letters, v. 71, no. 6, p. 704-705, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.71.6.704.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"705","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Hot Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.88017272949219,\n              35.8670736393499\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.78026580810547,\n              35.8670736393499\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.78026580810547,\n              35.9271466638429\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.88017272949219,\n              35.9271466638429\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.88017272949219,\n              35.8670736393499\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e613e4b0c8380cd4714e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022450,"text":"70022450 - 2000 - A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characterstics of landslides triggered by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T11:45:01","indexId":"70022450","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characterstics of landslides triggered by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id15\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id16\"><p>One of the most significant effects of the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake (<i>M</i>=6.7) was the triggering of thousands of landslides over a broad area. Some of these landslides damaged and destroyed homes and other structures, blocked roads, disrupted pipelines, and caused other serious damage. Analysis of the distribution and characteristics of these landslides is important in understanding what areas may be susceptible to landsliding in future earthquakes. We analyzed the frequency, distribution, and geometries of triggered landslides in the Santa Susana 7.5′ quadrangle, an area of intense seismic landslide activity near the earthquake epicenter. Landslides occurred primarily in young (Late Miocene through Pleistocene) uncemented or very weakly cemented sediment that has been repeatedly folded, faulted, and uplifted in the past 1.5 million years. The most common types of landslide triggered by the earthquake were highly disrupted, shallow falls and slides of rock and debris. Far less numerous were deeper, more coherent slumps and block slides, primarily occurring in more cohesive or competent materials. The landslides in the Santa Susana quadrangle were divided into two samples: single landslides (1502) and landslide complexes (60), which involved multiple coalescing failures of surficial material. We described landslide morphologies by computing simple morphometric parameters (area, length, width, aspect ratio, slope angle). To quantify and rank the relative susceptibility of each geologic unit to seismic landsliding, we calculated two indices: (1) the susceptibility index, which is the ratio (given as a percentage) of the area covered by landslide sources within a geologic unit to the total outcrop area of that unit; and (2) the frequency index [given in landslides per square kilometer (ls/km<sup>2</sup>)], which is the total number of landslides within each geologic unit divided by the outcrop area of that unit. Susceptibility categories include very high (&gt;2.5% landslide area or &gt;30&nbsp;ls/km<sup>2</sup>), high (1.0–2.5% landslide area or 10–30&nbsp;ls/km<sup>2</sup>), moderate (0.5–1.0% landslide area or 3–10&nbsp;ls/km<sup>2</sup>), and low (&lt;0.5% landslide area and &lt;3&nbsp;ls/km<sup>2</sup>).</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00038-7","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Parise, M., and Jibson, R.W., 2000, A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characterstics of landslides triggered by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake: Engineering Geology, v. 58, no. 3-4, p. 251-270, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00038-7.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","volume":"58","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e580e4b0c8380cd46d96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parise, M.","contributorId":82486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parise","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jibson, Randall W. 0000-0003-3399-0875 jibson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-0875","contributorId":2985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Randall","email":"jibson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022445,"text":"70022445 - 2000 - Depletion of Appalachian coal reserves - how soon?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022445","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depletion of Appalachian coal reserves - how soon?","docAbstract":"Much of the coal consumed in the US since the end of the last century has been produced from the Pennsylvanian strata of the Appalachian basin. Even though quantities mined in the past are less than they are today, this basin yielded from 70% to 80% of the nation's annual coal production from the end of the last century until the early 1970s. During the last 25 years, the proportion of the nation's coal that was produced annually from the Appalachian basin has declined markedly, and today it is only about 40% of the total. The amount of coal produced annually in the Appalachian basin, however, has been rising slowly over the last several decades, and has ranged generally from 400 to 500 million tons (Mt) per year. A large proportion of Appalachian historical production has come from relatively few counties in southwestern Pennsylvania, northern and southern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, Virginia and Alabama. Many of these counties are decades past their years of peak production and several are almost depleted of economic deposits of coal. Because the current major consumer of Appalachian coal is the electric power industry, coal quality, especially sulfur content, has a great impact on its marketability. High-sulfur coal deposits in western Pennsylvania and Ohio are in low demand when compared with the lower sulfur coals of Virginia and southern West Virginia. Only five counties in the basin that have produced 500 Mt or more exhibit increasing rates of production at relatively high levels. Of these, six are in the central part of the basin and only one, Greene County, Pennsylvania, is in the northern part of the basin. Decline rate models, based on production decline rates and the decline rate of the estimated, 'potential' reserve, indicate that Appalachian basin annual coal production will be 200 Mt or less by the middle of the next century. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.Much of the coal consumed in the US since the end of the last century has been produced from the Pennsylvanian strata of the Appalachian basin. Even though quantities mined in the past are less than they are today, this basin yielded from 70% to 80% of the nation's annual coal production from the end of the last century until the early 1970s. During the last 25 years, the proportion of the nation's coal that was produced annually from the Appalachian basin has declined markedly, and today it is only about 40% of the total. The amount of coal produced annually in the Appalachian basin, however, has been rising slowly over the last several decades, and has ranged generally from 400 to 500 million tons (Mt) per year. A large proportion of Appalachian historical production has come from relatively few counties in southwestern Pennsylvania, northern and southern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, Virginia and Alabama. Many of these counties are decades past their years of peak production and several are almost depleted of economic deposits of coal. Because the current major consumer of Appalachian coal is the electric power industry, coal quality, especially sulfur content, has a great impact on its marketability. High-sulfur coal deposits in western Pennsylvania and Ohio are in low demand when compared with the lower sulfur coals of Virginia and southern West Virginia. Only five counties in the basin that have produced 500 Mt or more exhibit increasing rates of production at relatively high levels. Of these, six are in the central part of the basin and only one, Greene County, Pennsylvania, is in the northern part of the basin. Decline rate models, based on production decline rates and the decline rate of the estimated, `potential' reserve, indicate that Appalachian basin annual coal production will be 200 Mt or less by the middle of the next century.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Elsevier Science B.V.","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00013-6","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Milici, R.C., 2000, Depletion of Appalachian coal reserves - how soon?: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 44, no. 3-4, p. 251-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00013-6.","startPage":"251","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206741,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(00)00013-6"},{"id":230681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb1e4b0c8380cd4ee8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milici, R. C.","contributorId":58688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022110,"text":"70022110 - 2000 - Earthquake damage, site response, and building response in Avcilar, west of Istanbul, Turkey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:52","indexId":"70022110","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2021,"text":"International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake damage, site response, and building response in Avcilar, west of Istanbul, Turkey","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01466518","usgsCitation":"Cranswick, E., Ozel, O., Meremonte, M., Erdik, M., Safak, E., Mueller, C., Overturf, D., and Frankel, A., 2000, Earthquake damage, site response, and building response in Avcilar, west of Istanbul, Turkey: International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, v. 24, no. 1, p. 85-96.","startPage":"85","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04bde4b0c8380cd50af1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cranswick, E.","contributorId":85948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranswick","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ozel, O.","contributorId":9796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozel","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meremonte, M.","contributorId":22915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meremonte","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erdik, M.","contributorId":55170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdik","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mueller, C.","contributorId":40201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Overturf, D.","contributorId":56822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overturf","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Frankel, A. 0000-0001-9119-6106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":41593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70022384,"text":"70022384 - 2000 - Characterization of U(VI)-carbonato ternary complexes on hematite: EXAFS and electrophoretic mobility measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T10:22:14","indexId":"70022384","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of U(VI)-carbonato ternary complexes on hematite: EXAFS and electrophoretic mobility measurements","docAbstract":"We have measured U(VI) adsorption on hematite using EXAFS spectroscopy and electrophoresis under conditions relevant to surface waters and aquifers (0.01 to 10 μM dissolved uranium concentrations, in equilibrium with air, pH 4.5 to 8.5). Both techniques suggest the existence of anionic U(VI)-carbonato ternary complexes. Fits to EXAFS spectra indicate that U(VI) is simultaneously coordinated to surface FeO<sub>6</sub> octahedra and carbonate (or bicarbonate) ligands in bidentate fashions, leading to the conclusion that the ternary complexes have an inner-sphere metal bridging (hematite-U(VI)-carbonato) structure. Greater than or equal to 50% of adsorbed U(VI) was comprised of monomeric hematite-U(VI)-carbonato ternary complexes, even at pH 4.5. Multimeric U(VI) species were observed at pH ≥ 6.5 and aqueous U(VI) concentrations approximately an order of magnitude more dilute than the solubility of crystalline β-UO<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>. Based on structural constraints, these complexes were interpreted as dimeric hematite-U(VI)-carbonato ternary complexes. These results suggest that Fe-oxide-U(VI)-carbonato complexes are likely to be important transport-limiting species in oxic aquifers throughout a wide range of pH values.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00398-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Bargar, J.R., Reitmeyer, R., Lenhart, J.J., and Davis, J., 2000, Characterization of U(VI)-carbonato ternary complexes on hematite: EXAFS and electrophoretic mobility measurements: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, no. 16, p. 2737-2749, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00398-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2737","endPage":"2749","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206584,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00398-7"}],"volume":"64","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4bee4b0c8380cd4bea9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bargar, John R.","contributorId":14970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reitmeyer, Rebecca","contributorId":68917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reitmeyer","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lenhart, John J.","contributorId":20494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenhart","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, James A.","contributorId":69289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022154,"text":"70022154 - 2000 - Overview of Pacific Island carbonate beach systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:52","indexId":"70022154","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Overview of Pacific Island carbonate beach systems","docAbstract":"Beach systems in Pacific Islands are Holocene deposits of reef-dervied and terrigenous sediment. Thus, geologic setting is important in determining the success at which beach systems are established. Generally, older islands exhibit better beach system development. Although modern beach systems are composed of Holocene sediment, development of suitable accommodation space requires more geologic time.","largerWorkTitle":"Carbonate Beaches 2000","conferenceTitle":"Carbonate Beaches 2000","conferenceDate":"5 December 2000 through 8 December 2000","conferenceLocation":"Key Largo, FL","language":"English","isbn":"0784406405","usgsCitation":"Richmond, B.M., 2000, Overview of Pacific Island carbonate beach systems, <i>in</i> Carbonate Beaches 2000, Key Largo, FL, 5 December 2000 through 8 December 2000, p. 218-228.","startPage":"218","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71e5e4b0c8380cd76808","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Magoon O TRobbins L LEwing LMagoon O TRobbins L LEwing L","contributorId":128363,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Magoon O TRobbins L LEwing LMagoon O TRobbins L LEwing L","id":536478,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, B. M.","contributorId":67902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022203,"text":"70022203 - 2000 - Carbon dioxide from coal combustion: Variation with rank of US coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022203","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide from coal combustion: Variation with rank of US coal","docAbstract":"Carbon dioxide from combustion of US coal systematically varies with ASTM rank indices, allowing the amount of CO2 produced per net unit of energy to be predicted for individual coals. No single predictive equation is applicable to all coals. Accordingly, we provide one equation for coals above high volatile bituminous rank and another for lower rank coals. When applied to public data for commercial coals from western US mines these equations show a 15% variation of kg CO2 (net GJ)-1. This range of variation suggests reduction of US CO2 emissions is possible by prudent selection of coal for combustion. Maceral and mineral content are shown to slightly affect CO2 emissions from US coal. We also suggest that CO2 emissions increased between 6 and 8% in instances where Midwestern US power plants stopped burning local, high-sulfur bituminous coal and started burning low-sulfur, subbituminous C rank coal from the western US.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fuel","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00197-0","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Quick, J., and Glick, D., 2000, Carbon dioxide from coal combustion: Variation with rank of US coal: Fuel, v. 79, no. 7, p. 803-812, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00197-0.","startPage":"803","endPage":"812","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206643,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00197-0"},{"id":230447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f360e4b0c8380cd4b76b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quick, J.C.","contributorId":80848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glick, D.C.","contributorId":78906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glick","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015102,"text":"1015102 - 2000 - Thinking outside the lines: Parks and the quality of life in area communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-18T09:56:56","indexId":"1015102","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thinking outside the lines: Parks and the quality of life in area communities","docAbstract":"Many national parks, national forests, and other public land units exist in highly changeable regional environments.  Often the parks and forests themselves serve as important catalysts of change in the levels of tourism, outdoor recreation participation, and contribution of traveling publics to local and regional economies.  Resource managers are called upon to protect lands in their jurisdictions while juggling a variety of inputs and expectations.  In each agency, resource decisions are bound by law and agency policy.  In this context, the decision space of the national park manager is quite different from that of those in multiple-use land management agencies.  Management actions must stand up, not only to law and policy and to scientific scrutiny, but they must also be sensitive to the needs of residents in surrounding communities, to county and state governing bodies, and to visitors from across the nation and around the world.  Balancing these needs while protecting resources in an ongoing challenge made more difficult as the mix of stakeholders growsa?|","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J.G., Burkardt, N., Caughlan, L., and Lamb, B.L., 2000, Thinking outside the lines: Parks and the quality of life in area communities: Park Science, v. 20, no. 1, p. 14-17.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c41b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, J. G.","contributorId":33671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, N.","contributorId":13913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caughlan, L.","contributorId":38498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caughlan","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamb, B. L.","contributorId":6395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022097,"text":"70022097 - 2000 - Scaling up from field to region for wind erosion prediction using a field-scale wind erosion model and GIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022097","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling up from field to region for wind erosion prediction using a field-scale wind erosion model and GIS","docAbstract":"Factors that affect wind erosion such as surface vegetative and other cover, soil properties and surface roughness usually change spatially and temporally at the field-scale to produce important field-scale variations in wind erosion. Accurate estimation of wind erosion when scaling up from fields to regions, while maintaining meaningful field-scale process details, remains a challenge. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using a field-scale wind erosion model with a geographic information system (GIS) to scale up to regional levels and to quantify the differences in wind erosion estimates produced by different scales of soil mapping used as a data layer in the model. A GIS was used in combination with the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ), a field-scale wind erosion model, to estimate wind erosion for two 50 km2 areas. Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery from 1993 with 30 m resolution was used as a base map. The GIS database layers included land use, soils, and other features such as roads. The major land use was agricultural fields. Data on 1993 crop management for selected fields of each crop type were collected from local government agency offices and used to 'train' the computer to classify land areas by crop and type of irrigation (agroecosystem) using commercially available software. The land area of the agricultural land uses was overestimated by 6.5% in one region (Lubbock County, TX, USA) and underestimated by about 21% in an adjacent region (Terry County, TX, USA). The total estimated wind erosion potential for Terry County was about four times that estimated for adjacent Lubbock County. The difference in potential erosion among the counties was attributed to regional differences in surface soil texture. In a comparison of different soil map scales in Terry County, the generalised soil map had over 20% more of the land area and over 15% greater erosion potential in loamy sand soils than did the detailed soil map. As a result, the wind erosion potential determined using the generalised soil map Was about 26% greater than the erosion potential estimated by using the detailed soil map in Terry County. This study demonstrates the feasibility of scaling up from fields to regions to estimate wind erosion potential by coupling a field-scale wind erosion model with GIS and identifies possible sources of error with this approach.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00229-2","issn":"01678809","usgsCitation":"Zobeck, T., Parker, N., Haskell, S., and Guoding, K., 2000, Scaling up from field to region for wind erosion prediction using a field-scale wind erosion model and GIS: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 82, no. 1-3, p. 247-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00229-2.","startPage":"247","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206764,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00229-2"},{"id":230738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b871ce4b08c986b316305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zobeck, T.M.","contributorId":69321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zobeck","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haskell, S.","contributorId":41984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guoding, K.","contributorId":38315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guoding","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022216,"text":"70022216 - 2000 - Tropical climate at the last glacial maximum inferred from glacier mass-balance modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022216","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tropical climate at the last glacial maximum inferred from glacier mass-balance modeling","docAbstract":"Model-derived equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) of former tropical glaciers support arguments, based on other paleoclimate data, for both the magnitude and spatial pattern of terrestrial cooling in the tropics at the last glacial maximum (LGM). Relative to the present, LGM ELAs were maintained by air temperatures that were 3.5??to 6.6 ??C lower and precipitation that ranged from 63% wetter in Hawaii to 25% drier on Mt. Kenya, Africa. Our results imply the need for a ~3 ??C cooling of LGM sea surface temperatures in the western Pacific warm pool. Sensitivity tests suggest that LGM ELAs could have persisted until 16,000 years before the present in the Peruvian Andes and on Papua, New Guinea.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.290.5497.1747","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., and Clark, P., 2000, Tropical climate at the last glacial maximum inferred from glacier mass-balance modeling: Science, v. 290, no. 5497, p. 1747-1750, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5497.1747.","startPage":"1747","endPage":"1750","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206706,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5497.1747"}],"volume":"290","issue":"5497","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb893e4b08c986b327933","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, P.U.","contributorId":78449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"P.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022274,"text":"70022274 - 2000 - Simulated influences of Lake Agassiz on the climate of central North America 11,000 years ago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70022274","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated influences of Lake Agassiz on the climate of central North America 11,000 years ago","docAbstract":"Eleven thousand years ago, large lakes existed in central and eastern North America along the margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The large-scale North American climate at this time has been simulated with atmospheric general circulation models, but these relatively coarse global models do not resolve potentially important features of the mesoscale circulation that arise from interactions among the atmosphere, ice sheet, and proglacial lakes. Here we present simulations of the climate of central and eastern North America 11,000 years ago with a high-resolution, regional climate model nested within a general circulation model. The simulated climate is in general agreement with that inferred from palaeoecological evidence. Our experiments indicate that through mesoscale atmospheric feedbacks, the annual delivery of moisture to the Laurentide Ice Sheet was diminished at times of a large, cold Lake Agassiz relative to periods of lower lake stands. The resulting changes in the mass balance of the ice sheet may have contributed to fluctuations of the ice margin, thus affecting the routing of fresh water to the North Atlantic Ocean. A retreating ice margin during periods of high lake level may have opened an outlet for discharge of Lake Agassiz into the North Atlantic. A subsequent advance of the ice margin due to greater moisture delivery associated with a low lake level could have dammed the outlet, thereby reducing discharge to the North Atlantic. These variations may have been decisive in causing the Younger Dryas cold even.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/35012581","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., Bartlein, P., Clark, P., Small, E., and Solomon, A., 2000, Simulated influences of Lake Agassiz on the climate of central North America 11,000 years ago: Nature, v. 405, no. 6784, p. 334-337, https://doi.org/10.1038/35012581.","startPage":"334","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206592,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35012581"},{"id":230336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"405","issue":"6784","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fb2e4b08c986b3190b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, P.U.","contributorId":78449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"P.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Small, E.E.","contributorId":56403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Small","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Solomon, A.M.","contributorId":71721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022295,"text":"70022295 - 2000 - Aquifer response to stream-stage and recharge variations. I. Analytical step-response functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70022295","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquifer response to stream-stage and recharge variations. I. Analytical step-response functions","docAbstract":"Laplace transform step-response functions are presented for various homogeneous confined and leaky aquifer types and for anisotropic, homogeneous unconfined aquifers interacting with perennial streams. Flow is one-dimensional, perpendicular to the stream in the confined and leaky aquifers, and two-dimensional in a plane perpendicular to the stream in the water-table aquifers. The stream is assumed to penetrate the full thickness of the aquifer. The aquifers may be semi-infinite or finite in width and may or may not be bounded at the stream by a semipervious streambank. The solutions are presented in a unified manner so that mathematical relations among the various aquifer configurations are clearly demonstrated. The Laplace transform solutions are inverted numerically to obtain the real-time step-response functions for use in the convolution (or superposition) integral. To maintain linearity in the case of unconfined aquifers, fluctuations in the elevation of the water table are assumed to be small relative to the saturated thickness, and vertical flow into or out of the zone above the water table is assumed to occur instantaneously. Effects of hysteresis in the moisture distribution above the water table are therefore neglected. Graphical comparisons of the new solutions are made with known closed-form solutions.Laplace transform step-response functions are presented for various homogeneous confined and leaky aquifer types and for anisotropic, homogeneous unconfined aquifers interacting with perennial streams. Flow is one-dimensional, perpendicular to the stream in the confined and leaky aquifers, and two-dimensional in a plane perpendicular to the stream in the water-table aquifers. The stream is assumed to penetrate the full thickness of the aquifer. The aquifers may be semi-infinite or finite in width and may or may not be bounded at the stream by a semipervious streambank. The solutions are presented in a unified manner so that mathematical relations among the various aquifer configurations are clearly demonstrated. The Laplace transform solutions are inverted numerically to obtain the real-time step-response functions for use in the convolution (or superposition) integral. To maintain linearity in the case of unconfined aquifers, fluctuations in the elevation of the water table are assumed to be small relative to the saturated thickness, and vertical flow into or out of the zone above the water table is assumed to occur instantaneously. Effects of hysteresis in the moisture distribution above the water table are therefore neglected. Graphical comparisons of the new solutions are made with known closed-form solutions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00175-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Moench, A., and Barlow, P.M., 2000, Aquifer response to stream-stage and recharge variations. I. Analytical step-response functions: Journal of Hydrology, v. 230, no. 3-4, p. 192-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00175-X.","startPage":"192","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206724,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00175-X"},{"id":230638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"230","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed1fe4b0c8380cd4963e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, A.F.","contributorId":91495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, P. M.","contributorId":63022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022119,"text":"70022119 - 2000 - Novel transcripts of the estrogen receptor α  gene in channel catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T16:28:13","indexId":"70022119","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Novel transcripts of the estrogen receptor α  gene in channel catfish","docAbstract":"<p>Complementary DNA libraries from liver and ovary of an immature female channel catfish were screened with a homologous ER&alpha; cDNA probe. The hepatic library yielded two new channel catfish ER cDNAs that encode N-terminal ER&alpha; variants of different sizes. Relative to the catfish ER&alpha; (medium size; 581 residues) previously reported, these new cDNAs encode Long-ER&alpha; (36 residues longer) and Short-ER&alpha; (389 residues shorter). The 5&prime;-end of Long-ER&alpha; cDNA is identical to that of Medium-ER&alpha; but has an additional 503-bp segment with an upstream, in-frame translation-start codon. Recombinant Long-ER&alpha; binds estrogen with high affinity (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub> = 3.4 nM), similar to that previously reported for Medium-ER&alpha; but lower than reported for catfish ER&beta;. Short-ER&alpha; cDNA encodes a protein that lacks most of the receptor protein and does not bind estrogen. Northern hybridization confirmed the existence of multiple hepatic ER&alpha; RNAs that include the size range of the ER&alpha; cDNAs obtained from the libraries as well as additional sizes. Using primers for RT-PCR that target locations internal to the protein-coding sequence, we also established the presence of several ER&alpha; cDNA variants with in-frame insertions in the ligand-binding and DNA-binding domains and in-frame or out-of-frame deletions in the ligand-binding domain. These internal variants showed patterns of expression that differed between the ovary and liver. Further, the ovarian library yielded a full-length, ER&alpha; antisense cDNA containing a poly(A) signal and tail. A limited survey of histological preparations from juvenile catfish by <i>in situ</i> hybridization using directionally synthesized cRNA probes also suggested the expression of ER&alpha; antisense RNA in a tissue-specific manner. In conclusion, channel catfish seemingly have three broad classes of ER&alpha; mRNA variants: those encoding N-terminal truncated variants, those encoding internal variants (including C-terminal truncated variants), and antisense mRNA. The sense variants may encode functional ER&alpha; or related proteins that modulate ER&alpha; or ER&beta; activity. The existence of ER antisense mRNA is reported in this study for the first time. Its role may be to participate in the regulation of ER gene expression.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/gcen.2000.7566","issn":"00166480","usgsCitation":"Patino, R., Xia, Z., Gale, W.L., Wu, C., Maule, A.G., and Chang, X., 2000, Novel transcripts of the estrogen receptor α  gene in channel catfish: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 120, no. 3, p. 314-325, https://doi.org/10.1006/gcen.2000.7566.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"314","endPage":"325","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206657,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/gcen.2000.7566"}],"volume":"120","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68b9e4b0c8380cd73975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, Zhenfang","contributorId":12228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"Zhenfang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gale, William L.","contributorId":48726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wu, Chunfa","contributorId":14143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Chunfa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maule, Alec G. amaule@usgs.gov","contributorId":2606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"Alec","email":"amaule@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chang, Xiaotian","contributorId":64834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Xiaotian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1015012,"text":"1015012 - 2000 - Sperm-cell ultrastructure of North American sturgeons The lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T14:24:18.216939","indexId":"1015012","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Sperm-cell ultrastructure of North American sturgeons The lake sturgeon (<i>Acipenser fulvescens</i> Rafinesque, 1817)","title":"Sperm-cell ultrastructure of North American sturgeons The lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lake sturgeon (</span><i>Acipenser fulvescens</i><span>) sperm cell fine structure was examined using transmission electron microscopy. The cell possesses a distinct acrosome, a defined head region, a midpiece, and a single flagellum. Sperm cells of this species share a general radial symmetry, an elongate shape, a distinct acrosome, and the presence of endonuclear canals with those of other sturgeons. The mean length of the lake sturgeon sperm cell body (acrosome + nucleus + midpiece) is approximately 7.13 µm and the length of the flagellum is about 50 µm, resulting in a total cell length of about 57 µm. The lake sturgeon sperm cell is much longer and slightly wider than that of the Atlantic sturgeon. The sperm-cell nuclei of lake, shortnose, white, and stellate sturgeons are elongate trapezoids in shape, with the anterior (acrosome) end narrowest but, in the Atlantic sturgeon, the anterior portion of the trapezoid is wider than the posterior. Although slightly smaller in total length and width, the lake sturgeon sperm cell is most similar to the shortnose sperm cell in ultrastructure, overall size, and shape; it also shares similarity of shape with the stellate and white sturgeon sperm cells. The cell nuclei of these four sturgeons have three endonuclear canals. The acrosome of the lake sturgeon sperm cell has longer posterolateral projections than that of the Atlantic or shortnose sturgeon sperm cell. A structural connection, the fibrous body, is present in the lake sturgeon sperm cell between the nuclear fossa and the proximal centriole, as in the Atlantic and shortnose sturgeon sperm cells. Our results suggest a more recent evolutionary linkage between the lake and shortnose sturgeons than with the Atlantic sturgeon. This work presents the first ultrastructural description of the lake sturgeon sperm cell.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z99-241","usgsCitation":"DiLauro, M.N., Kaboord, W., and Walsh, R., 2000, Sperm-cell ultrastructure of North American sturgeons The lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817): Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 78, no. 3, p. 438-447, https://doi.org/10.1139/z99-241.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"447","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":130797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiLauro, M. N.","contributorId":75475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiLauro","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaboord, W.S.","contributorId":103622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaboord","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, R.A.","contributorId":70729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}