Information about spawning migration and spawning habitat is essential to maintain and ultimately restore populations of endangered and threatened species of anadromous fish. We used ultrasonic and radiotelemetry to monitor the movements of 35 adult Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi (a subspecies of the Atlantic sturgeon A. oxyrinchus) as they moved between Choctawhatchee Bay and the Choctawhatchee River system during the spring of 1996 and 1997. Histological analysis of gonadal biopsies was used to determine the sex and reproductive status of individuals. Telemetry results and egg sampling were used to identify Gulf sturgeon spawning sites and to examine the roles that sex and reproductive status play in migratory behavior. Fertilized Gulf sturgeon eggs were collected in six locations in both the upper Choctawhatchee and Pea rivers. Hard bottom substrate, steep banks, and relatively high flows characterized collection sites. Ripe Gulf sturgeon occupied these spawning areas from late March through early May, which included the interval when Gulf sturgeon eggs were collected. For both sexes, ripe fish entered the Choctawhatchee River significantly earlier and at a lower water temperature and migrated further upstream than did nonripe fish. Males entered the Choctawhatchee River at a lower water temperature than females. Results from histology and telemetry support the hypothesis that male Gulf sturgeon may spawn annually, whereas females require more than 1 year between spawning events. Upper river hard bottom areas appear important for the successful spawning of Gulf sturgeon, and care should be taken to protect against habitat loss or degradation of known spawning habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0811:GSSMAH>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Fox, D.A., Hightower, J.E., and Parauka, F.M., 2000, Gulf sturgeon spawning migration and habitat in the Choctawhatchee River system, Alabama-Florida: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 3, p. 811-826, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0811:GSSMAH>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"826","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida","otherGeospatial":"Choctawhatchee River, Pea River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.56951904296875,\n 30.166500980766052\n ],\n [\n -85.242919921875,\n 30.166500980766052\n ],\n [\n -85.242919921875,\n 31.529385064020936\n ],\n [\n -86.56951904296875,\n 31.529385064020936\n ],\n [\n -86.56951904296875,\n 30.166500980766052\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e63e4b0c8380cd5c4dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox, Dewayne A.","contributorId":117052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Dewayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12970,"text":"Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hightower, Joseph E. jhightower@usgs.gov","contributorId":835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"Joseph","email":"jhightower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parauka, Frank M.","contributorId":47115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parauka","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022270,"text":"70022270 - 2000 - Monitoring temporal and spatial variability in sandeel (Ammodytes hexapterus) abundance with pigeon guillemot (Cepphus columba) diets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:38:48","indexId":"70022270","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1936,"text":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring temporal and spatial variability in sandeel (Ammodytes hexapterus) abundance with pigeon guillemot (Cepphus columba) diets","docAbstract":"We evaluated pigeon guillemots (Cepphus columba) as monitors of nearshore fish abundance and community composition during 1995-1999 at Kachemak Bay, Alaska. We studied the composition of chick diets at 10 colonies and simultaneously measured fish abundance around colonies with beach seines and bottom trawls. Sandeels (Ammodytes hexapterus) formed the majority of the diet at one group of colonies. Temporal variability in sandeel abundance explained 74% of inter-annual variability in diet composition at these colonies and 93% of seasonal variability. Diets at other colonies were dominated by demersal fish. Among these colonies, 81% of the variability in the proportion of sandeels in diets was explained by spatial differences in sanded abundance. Pigeon guillemots exhibited a non-linear functional response to sandeel abundance in the area where these fish were most abundant. Temporal and spatial variability in demersal fish abundance was not consistently reflected in diets. Spatial differences in the proportion of different demersal fishes in the diet may have been driven by differences in guillemot prey preference. Prey specialization by individual pigeon guillemots was common, and may operate at the colony level. Inter-annual variability in sandeel abundance may have been tracked more accurately because the magnitude of change (11-fold) was greater than that of demersal fish (three-fold). (C) 2000 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jmsc.2000.0583","issn":"10543139","usgsCitation":"Litzow, M.A., Piatt, J.F., Abookire, A.A., Prichard, A., and Robards, M.D., 2000, Monitoring temporal and spatial variability in sandeel (Ammodytes hexapterus) abundance with pigeon guillemot (Cepphus columba) diets: ICES Journal of Marine Science, v. 57, no. 4, p. 976-986, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0583.","startPage":"976","endPage":"986","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479361,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0583","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206818,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0583"},{"id":230864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5de1e4b0c8380cd70662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litzow, Michael A.","contributorId":8789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litzow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abookire, Alisa A.","contributorId":107224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abookire","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prichard, A.K.","contributorId":14151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prichard","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022269,"text":"70022269 - 2000 - Estimation of potential loss of two pesticides in runoff in Fillmore County, Minnesota using a field-scale process-based model and a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-10T15:35:31.582236","indexId":"70022269","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimation of potential loss of two pesticides in runoff in Fillmore County, Minnesota using a field-scale process-based model and a geographic information system","docAbstract":"In assessing the occurrence, behavior, and effects of agricultural chemicals in surface water, the scales of study (i.e., watershed, county, state, and regional areas) are usually much larger than the scale of agricultural fields, where much of the understanding of processes has been developed. Field-scale areas are characterized by relatively homogeneous conditions. The combination of process-based simulation models and geographic information system technology can be used to help extend our understanding of field processes to water-quality concerns at larger scales. To demonstrate this, the model \"Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems\" was used to estimate the potential loss of two pesticides (atrazine and permethrin) in runoff to surface water in Fillmore County in southeastern Minnesota. The county was divided into field-scale areas on the basis of a 100 m by 100 m grid, and the influences of soil type and surface topography on the potential losses of the two pesticides in runoff was evaluated for each individual grid cell. The results could be used for guidance for agricultural management and regulatory decisions, for planning environmental monitoring programs, and as an educational tool for the public.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agrochemical fate and movement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/bk-2000-0751.ch012","issn":"00976156","usgsCitation":"Capel, P.D., and Hua, Z., 2000, Estimation of potential loss of two pesticides in runoff in Fillmore County, Minnesota using a field-scale process-based model and a geographic information system, in Agrochemical fate and movement, v. 751, p. 172-184, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0751.ch012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"184","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Fillmore County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.7304,43.8503],[-91.7306,43.5023],[-92.0803,43.5021],[-92.0828,43.5021],[-92.4507,43.5026],[-92.4507,43.8361],[-92.4498,43.8507],[-92.0806,43.8508],[-91.7304,43.8503]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Fillmore\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","volume":"751","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ba1e4b0c8380cd527e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hua, Zhang","contributorId":126962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hua","given":"Zhang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6731,"text":"Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":392930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022314,"text":"70022314 - 2000 - Drifting invertebrates, stomach contents, and body conditions of juvenile rainbow trout from fall through winter in a Wyoming tailwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70022314","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drifting invertebrates, stomach contents, and body conditions of juvenile rainbow trout from fall through winter in a Wyoming tailwater","docAbstract":"We investigated the availability of drifting invertebrates and the stomach contents and body conditions of stocked (hatchery) and naturally spawned (wild) juvenile (20-25 cm total length) rainbow trout from fall through winter in the Big Horn River downstream from Boysen Dam in Wyoming. When the density and biomass of drifting invertebrates declined with water temperature during the fall, stomach contents and body conditions substantially decreased among both wild and stocked fish. During the coldest portion of the winter, the density of small drifting invertebrates increased as did the body conditions of both wild and hatchery trout. We suggest that the perceived increase in body conditions during late winter was due to survival of fish with higher body conditions and not growth of fish from fall to late winter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<1187:DISCAB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Simpkins, D., and Hubert, W., 2000, Drifting invertebrates, stomach contents, and body conditions of juvenile rainbow trout from fall through winter in a Wyoming tailwater: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 5, p. 1187-1195, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<1187:DISCAB>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1187","endPage":"1195","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206610,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<1187:DISCAB>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":230374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03dbe4b0c8380cd506a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpkins, D.G.","contributorId":80027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpkins","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022268,"text":"70022268 - 2000 - N2-dependent growth and nitrogenase activity in the metal-metabolizing bacteria, Geobacter and Magnetospirillum species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022268","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1548,"text":"Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"N2-dependent growth and nitrogenase activity in the metal-metabolizing bacteria, Geobacter and Magnetospirillum species","docAbstract":"Cells of Geobacter metallireducens, Magnetospirillum strain AMB-1, Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum and Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense showed N2-dependent growth, the first anaerobically with Fe(lll) as the electron acceptor, and the latter three species micro-aerobically in semi-solid oxygen gradient cultures. Cells of the Magnetospirillum species grown with N2 under microaerobic conditions were magnetotactic and therefore produced magnetosomes. Cells of Geobacter metallireducens reduced acetylene to ethylene (11.5 ?? 5.9nmol C2H4 produced min-1 mg-1 cell protein) while growing with Fe(lll) as the electron acceptor in anaerobic growth medium lacking a fixed nitrogen source. Cells of the Magnetospirillum species, grown in a semi-solid oxygen gradient medium, also reduced acetylene at comparable rates. Uncut chromosomal and fragments from endonuclease-digested chromosomal DNA from these species, as well as Geobacter sulphurreducens organisms, hybridized with a nifHDK probe from Rhodospirillum rubrum, indicating the presence of these nitrogenase structural genes in these organisms. The evidence presented here shows that members of the metal-metabolizing genera, Geobacter and Magnetospirillum, fix atmospheric dinitrogen.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1462-2920.2000.00096.x","issn":"14622912","usgsCitation":"Bazylinski, D., Dean, A., Schuler, D., Phillips, E.J., and Lovley, D.R., 2000, N2-dependent growth and nitrogenase activity in the metal-metabolizing bacteria, Geobacter and Magnetospirillum species: Environmental Microbiology, v. 2, no. 3, p. 266-273, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2000.00096.x.","startPage":"266","endPage":"273","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206804,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2000.00096.x"},{"id":230824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a612ee4b0c8380cd71814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bazylinski, D.A.","contributorId":55964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bazylinski","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, A.J.","contributorId":104660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuler, D.","contributorId":80850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022267,"text":"70022267 - 2000 - Considerations involved with the use of semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring environmental contaminants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T13:57:06","indexId":"70022267","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2214,"text":"Journal of Chromatography A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Considerations involved with the use of semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring environmental contaminants","docAbstract":"Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are used with increasing frequency, and throughout the world as samplers of organic contaminants. The devices can be used to detect a variety of lipophilic chemicals in water, sediment/soil, and air. SPMDs are designed to sample nonpolar, hydrophobic chemicals. The maximum concentration factor achievable for a particular chemical is proportional to its octanol–water partition coefficient. Techniques used for cleanup of SPMD extracts for targeted analytes and for general screening by full-scan mass spectrometry do not differ greatly from techniques used for extracts of other matrices. However, SPMD extracts contain potential interferences that are specific to the membrane–lipid matrix. Procedures have been developed or modified to alleviate these potential interferences. The SPMD approach has been demonstrated to be applicable to sequestering and analyzing a wide array of environmental contaminants including organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans, selected organophosphate pesticides and pyrethroid insecticides, and other nonpolar organic chemicals. We present herein an overview of effective procedural steps for analyzing exposed SPMDs for trace to ultra-trace levels of contaminants sequestered from environmental matrices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00315-0","issn":"00219673","usgsCitation":"Petty, J.D., Orazio, C., Huckins, J., Gale, R., Lebo, J., Meadows, J., Echols, K.R., and Cranor, W., 2000, Considerations involved with the use of semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring environmental contaminants: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 879, no. 1, p. 83-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00315-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206803,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00315-0"}],"volume":"879","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9fee4b0c8380cd4d873","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orazio, C.E.","contributorId":68440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gale, R.W.","contributorId":81653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lebo, J.A.","contributorId":65533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebo","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meadows, J.C.","contributorId":91962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Echols, K. R.","contributorId":32637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cranor, W.L.","contributorId":98261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranor","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70022315,"text":"70022315 - 2000 - Updated population metadata for United States historical climatology network stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70022315","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Updated population metadata for United States historical climatology network stations","docAbstract":"The United States Historical Climatology Network (HCN) serial temperature dataset is comprised of 1221 high-quality, long-term climate observing stations. The HCN dataset is available in several versions, one of which includes population-based temperature modifications to adjust urban temperatures for the \"heat-island\" effect. Unfortunately, the decennial population metadata file is not complete as missing values are present for 17.6% of the 12 210 population values associated with the 1221 individual stations during the 1900-90 interval. Retrospective grid-based populations. Within a fixed distance of an HCN station, were estimated through the use of a gridded population density dataset and historically available U.S. Census county data. The grid-based populations for the HCN stations provide values derived from a consistent methodology compared to the current HCN populations that can vary as definitions of the area associated with a city change over time. The use of grid-based populations may minimally be appropriate to augment populations for HCN climate stations that lack any population data, and are recommended when consistent and complete population data are required. The recommended urban temperature adjustments based on the HCN and grid-based methods of estimating station population can be significantly different for individual stations within the HCN dataset.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Owen, T., and Gallo, K.P., 2000, Updated population metadata for United States historical climatology network stations: Journal of Climate, v. 13, no. 22, p. 4028-4033.","startPage":"4028","endPage":"4033","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd19e4b08c986b328ec6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, T.W.","contributorId":58424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallo, K. P.","contributorId":86527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022317,"text":"70022317 - 2000 - January 30, 1997 eruptive event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, as monitored by continuous GPS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70022317","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"January 30, 1997 eruptive event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, as monitored by continuous GPS","docAbstract":"A continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) network on Kilauea Volcano captured the most recent fissure eruption in Kilauea's East Rift Zone (ERZ) in unprecedented spatial and temporal detail. The short eruption drained the lava pond at Pu'u O' o, leading to a two month long pause in its on-going eruption. Models of the GPS data indicate that the intrusion's bottom edge extended to only 2.4 km. Continuous GPS data reveal rift opening 8 hours prior to the eruption. Absence of precursory summit inflation rules out magma storage overpressurization as the eruption's cause. We infer that stresses in the shallow rift created by the continued deep rift dilation and slip on the south flank decollement caused the rift intrusion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1999GL008454","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Owen, S., Segall, P., Lisowski, M., Mikijus, A., Murray, M., Bevis, M., and Foster, J., 2000, January 30, 1997 eruptive event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, as monitored by continuous GPS: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 17, p. 2757-2760, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL008454.","startPage":"2757","endPage":"2760","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479227,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl008454","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206630,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL008454"},{"id":230416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fe7e4b0c8380cd648f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":56810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murray, M.","contributorId":89960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bevis, M.","contributorId":27634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bevis","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Foster, J.","contributorId":89687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70022318,"text":"70022318 - 2000 - The effect of mineral bond strength and adsorbed water on fault gouge frictional strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T13:33:08","indexId":"70022318","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of mineral bond strength and adsorbed water on fault gouge frictional strength","docAbstract":"Recent studies suggest that the tendency of many fault gouge minerals to take on adsorbed or interlayer water may strongly influence their frictional strength. To test this hypothesis, triaxial sliding experiments were conducted on 15 different single-mineral gouges with various water-adsorbing affinities. Vacuum dried samples were sheared at 100 MPa, then saturated with water and sheared farther to compare dry and wet strengths. The coefficients of friction, μ, for the dry sheet-structure minerals (0.2-0.8), were related to mineral bond strength, and dropped 20-60% with the addition of water. For non-adsorbing minerals (μ = 0.6-0.8), the strength remained unchanged after saturation. These results confirm that the ability of minerals to adsorb various amounts of water is related to their relative frictional strengths, and may explain the anomalously low strength of certain natural fault gouges.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999GL008401","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Morrow, C., Moore, D., and Lockner, D., 2000, The effect of mineral bond strength and adsorbed water on fault gouge frictional strength: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 6, p. 815-818, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL008401.","startPage":"815","endPage":"818","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479226,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl008401","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206631,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL008401"},{"id":230417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab35e4b08c986b322cc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrow, C.A.","contributorId":99977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022319,"text":"70022319 - 2000 - Mapping the petroleum system - An investigative technique to explore the hydrocarbon fluid system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70022319","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":606,"text":"AAPG Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the petroleum system - An investigative technique to explore the hydrocarbon fluid system","docAbstract":"Creating a petroleum system map includes a series of logical steps that require specific information to explain the origin in time and space of discovered hydrocarbon occurrences. If used creatively, this map provides a basis on which to develop complementary plays and prospects. The logical steps include the characterization of a petroleum system (that is, to identify, map, and name the hydrocarbon fluid system) and the summary of these results on a folio sheet. A petroleum system map is based on the understanding that there are several levels of certainty from \"guessing\" to \"knowing\" that specific oil and gas accumulations emanated from a particular pod of active source rock. Levels of certainty start with the close geographic proximity of two or more accumulations, continues with the close stratigraphic proximity, followed by the similarities in bulk properties, and then detailed geochemical properties. The highest level of certainty includes the positive geochemical correlation of the hydrocarbon fluid in the accumulations to the extract of the active source rock. A petroleum system map is created when the following logic is implemented. Implementation starts when the oil and gas accumulations of a petroleum province are grouped stratigraphically and geographically. Bulk and geochemical properties are used to further refine the groups through the determination of genetically related oil and gas types. To this basic map, surface seeps and well shows are added. Similarly, the active source rock responsible for these hydrocarbon occurrences are mapped to further define the extent of the system. A folio sheet constructed for a hypothetical case study of the Deer-Boar(.) petroleum system illustrates this methodology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"AAPG Memoir","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02718529","usgsCitation":"Magoon, L.B., and Dow, W., 2000, Mapping the petroleum system - An investigative technique to explore the hydrocarbon fluid system: AAPG Memoir, v. 73, p. 53-68.","startPage":"53","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5085e4b0c8380cd6b738","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magoon, L. B.","contributorId":44531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dow, W.G.","contributorId":28034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dow","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022320,"text":"70022320 - 2000 - Possible origin and significance of extension-parallel drainages in Arizona's metamophic core complexes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-22T15:14:52.280715","indexId":"70022320","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible origin and significance of extension-parallel drainages in Arizona's metamophic core complexes","docAbstract":"The corrugated form of the Harcuvar, South Mountains, and Catalina metamorphic core complexes in Arizona reflects the shape of the middle Tertiary extensional detachment fault that projects over each complex. Corrugation axes are approximately parallel to the fault-displacement direction and to the footwall mylonitic lineation. The core complexes are locally incised by enigmatic, linear drainages that parallel corrugation axes and the inferred extension direction and are especially conspicuous on the crests of antiformal corrugations. These drainages have been attributed to erosional incision on a freshly denuded, planar, inclined fault ramp followed by folding that elevated and preserved some drainages on the crests of rising antiforms. According to this hypothesis, corrugations were produced by folding after subacrial exposure of detachment-fault foot-walls. An alternative hypothesis, proposed here, is as follows. In a setting where preexisting drainages cross an active normal fault, each fault-slip event will cut each drainage into two segments separated by a freshly denuded fault ramp. The upper and lower drainage segments will remain hydraulically linked after each fault-slip event if the drainage in the hanging-wall block is incised, even if the stream is on the flank of an antiformal corrugation and there is a large component of strike-slip fault movement. Maintenance of hydraulic linkage during sequential fault-slip events will guide the lengthening stream down the fault ramp as the ramp is uncovered, and stream incision will form a progressively lengthening, extension-parallel, linear drainage segment. This mechanism for linear drainage genesis is compatible with corrugations as original irregularities of the detachment fault, and does not require folding after early to middle Miocene footwall exhumations. This is desirable because many drainages are incised into nonmylonitic crystalline footwall rocks that were probably not folded under low-temperature, surface conditions. An alternative hypothesis, that drainages were localized by small fault grooves as footwalls were uncovered, is not supported by analysis of a down-plunge fault projection for the southern Rincon Mountains that shows a linear drainage aligned with the crest of a small antiformal groove on the detachment fault, but this process could have been effective elsewhere. Lineation-parallel drainages now plunge gently southwestward on the southwest ends of antiformal corrugations in the South and Buckskin Mountains, but these drainages must have originally plunged northeastward if they formed by either of the two alternative processes proposed here. Footwall exhumation and incision by northeast-flowing streams was apparently followed by core-complex arching and drainage reversal.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<727:POASOE>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Spencer, J., 2000, Possible origin and significance of extension-parallel drainages in Arizona's metamophic core complexes: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 5, p. 727-735, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<727:POASOE>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"735","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Catalina complex, Harcuvar complex, South Mountains complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 33.58716733904656\n ],\n [\n -112.96142578125,\n 33.58716733904656\n ],\n [\n -112.96142578125,\n 34.338900400404995\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 34.338900400404995\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 33.58716733904656\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.86279296875,\n 32.879587173066305\n ],\n [\n -111.2310791015625,\n 32.879587173066305\n ],\n [\n -111.2310791015625,\n 33.41310221370827\n ],\n [\n -111.86279296875,\n 33.41310221370827\n ],\n [\n -111.86279296875,\n 32.879587173066305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.4508056640625,\n 31.910204597744382\n ],\n [\n -110.0115966796875,\n 31.910204597744382\n ],\n [\n -110.0115966796875,\n 32.7872745269555\n ],\n [\n -111.4508056640625,\n 32.7872745269555\n ],\n [\n -111.4508056640625,\n 31.910204597744382\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e32e4b0c8380cd7a3c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, J.E.","contributorId":91542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022321,"text":"70022321 - 2000 - Re-Os isotopic systematics of primitive lavas from the Lassen region of the Cascade arc, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022321","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re-Os isotopic systematics of primitive lavas from the Lassen region of the Cascade arc, California","docAbstract":"Rhenium-osmium isotopic systematics of primitive calc-alkaline lavas from the Lassen region appear to be controlled by mantle wedge processes. Lavas with a large proportion of slab component have relatively low Re and Os abundances, and have radiogenic Os and mid ocean ridge basalt-like Sr and Pb isotopic compositions. Lavas with a small proportion of slab component have higher Re and Os elemental abundances and display mantle-like Os, Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions. Assimilation with fractional crystallization can only generate the Re-Os systematics of the Lassen lavas from a common parent if the distribution coefficient for Re in sulfide is ~40-1100 times higher than most published estimates and if most incompatible element abundances decrease during differentiation. High Re/Os ratios in mid ocean ridge basalts makes subducted oceanic crust a potential source of radiogenic Os in volcanic arcs. The slab beneath the southernmost Cascades is estimated to have 187Os/188Os ratios as high as 1.4. Mixing between a slab component and mantle wedge peridotite can generate the Os isotopic systematics of the Lassen lavas provided the slab component has a Sr/Os ratio of ~7.5X105 and Os abundances that are 100-600 times higher than mid ocean ridge basalts. For this model to be correct, Os must be readily mobilized and concentrated in the slab component, perhaps as a result of high water and HCl fugacities in this subduction environment. Another possible mechanism to account for the correlation between the magnitude of the subduction geochemical signature and Os isotopic composition involves increasing the stability of an Os-bearing phase in mantle wedge peridotites as a result of fluxing with the slab component. Melting of such a source could yield low Os magmas that are more susceptible to crustal contamination, and hence have more radiogenic Os isotopic compositions, than magmas derived from sources with a smaller contribution from the slab. Thus, the addition of the slab component to the mantle wedge appears to result in either the direct or indirect addition of radiogenic Os to arc magmas. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00051-0","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Borg, L.E., Brandon, A., Clynne, M., and Walker, R., 2000, Re-Os isotopic systematics of primitive lavas from the Lassen region of the Cascade arc, California: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 177, no. 3-4, p. 301-317, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00051-0.","startPage":"301","endPage":"317","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206647,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00051-0"},{"id":230455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"177","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a956ae4b0c8380cd819d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borg, L. E.","contributorId":33863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borg","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandon, A.D.","contributorId":72966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandon","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022266,"text":"70022266 - 2000 - A close-up look at Io from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022266","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A close-up look at Io from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer","docAbstract":"Infrared spectral images of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, acquired during the October and November 1999 and February 2000 flybys of the Galileo spacecraft, were used to study the thermal structure and sulfur dioxide distribution of active volcanoes. Loki Patera, the solar system's most powerful known volcano, exhibits large expanses of dark, cooling lava on its caldera floor. Prometheus, the site of long-lived plume activity, has two major areas of thermal emission, which support ideas of plume migration. Sulfur dioxide deposits were mapped at local scales and show a more complex relationship to surface colors than previously thought, indicating the presence of other sulfur compounds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.288.5469.1201","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Lopes-Gautier, R., Doute, S., Smythe, W.D., Kamp, L., Carlson, R.W., Davies, A.G., Leader, F., McEwen, A.S., Geissler, P., Kieffer, S.W., Keszthelyi, L., Barbinis, E., Mehlman, R., Segura, M., Shirley, J., and Soderblom, L., 2000, A close-up look at Io from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer: Science, v. 288, no. 5469, p. 1201-1204, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5469.1201.","startPage":"1201","endPage":"1204","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206789,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5469.1201"},{"id":230788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"288","issue":"5469","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e346e4b0c8380cd45f1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes-Gautier, R.","contributorId":13763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes-Gautier","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doute, S.","contributorId":62803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doute","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smythe, W. D.","contributorId":90878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smythe","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kamp, L.W.","contributorId":16581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carlson, R. W.","contributorId":85331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davies, A. G.","contributorId":72538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"A.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leader, F.E.","contributorId":94048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leader","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Geissler, P.E.","contributorId":67636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kieffer, S. W.","contributorId":19186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Keszthelyi, L.","contributorId":42691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Barbinis, E.","contributorId":30006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbinis","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mehlman, R.","contributorId":88499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Segura, M.","contributorId":84091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segura","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Shirley, J.","contributorId":86939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirley","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70022265,"text":"70022265 - 2000 - Mobilization of major inorganic ions during experimental diagenesis of characterized peats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022265","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of major inorganic ions during experimental diagenesis of characterized peats","docAbstract":"Laboratory experiments were undertaken to study changes in concentrations of major inorganic ions during simulated burial of peats to about 1.5 km. Cladium, Rhizophora, and Cyrilla peats were first analyzed to determine cation distributions among fractions of the initial materials and minerals in residues from wet oxidation. Subsamples of the peats (80 g) were then subjected to increasing temperatures and pressures in steps of 5??C and 300 psi at 2-day intervals and produced solutions collected. After six steps, starting from 30??C and 300 psi, a final temperature of 60??C and a final pressure of 2100 psi were achieved. The system was then allowed to stand for an additional 2 weeks at 60??C and 2100 psi. Treatments resulted in highly altered organic solids resembling lignite and expelled solutions of systematically varying compositions. Solutions from each step were analyzed for Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, total dissolved Si (Si(T)), Cl-, SO42-, and organic acids and anions (OAAs). Some data on total dissolved Al (Al(T)) were also collected. Mobilization of major ions from peats during these experiments is controlled by at least three processes: (1) loss of dissolved ions in original porewater expelled during compaction, (2) loss of adsorbed cations as adsorption sites are lost during modification of organic solids, and (3) increased dissolution of inorganic phases at later steps due to increased temperatures (Si(T)) and increased complexing by OAAs (Al(T)). In general, results provide insight into early post-burial inorganic changes occurring during maturation of terrestrial organic matter. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00226-0","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Bailey, A., Cohen, A., Orem, W., and Blackson, J., 2000, Mobilization of major inorganic ions during experimental diagenesis of characterized peats: Chemical Geology, v. 166, no. 3-4, p. 287-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00226-0.","startPage":"287","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206788,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00226-0"},{"id":230787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"166","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b99e4b0c8380cd6f688","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, A.M.","contributorId":70557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, A.D.","contributorId":38717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackson, J.H.","contributorId":51049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackson","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022323,"text":"70022323 - 2000 - Seasonal estimates of riparian evapotranspiration using remote and in situ measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022323","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seasonal estimates of riparian evapotranspiration using remote and in situ measurements","docAbstract":"In many semi-arid basins during extended periods when surface snowmelt or storm runoff is absent, groundwater constitutes the primary water source for human habitation, agriculture and riparian ecosystems. Utilizing regional groundwater models in the management of these water resources requires accurate estimates of basin boundary conditions. A critical groundwater boundary condition that is closely coupled to atmospheric processes and is typically known with little certainty is seasonal riparian evapotranspiration ET). This quantity can often be a significant factor in the basin water balance in semi-arid regions yet is very difficult to estimate over a large area. Better understanding and quantification of seasonal, large-area riparian ET is a primary objective of the Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere (SALSA) Program. To address this objective, a series of interdisciplinary experimental Campaigns were conducted in 1997 in the San Pedro Basin in southeastern Arizona. The riparian system in this basin is primarily made up of three vegetation communities: mesquite (Prosopis velutina), sacaton grasses (Sporobolus wrightii), and a cottonwood (Populus fremontii)/willow (Salix goodingii) forest gallery. Micrometeorological measurement techniques were used to estimate ET from the mesquite and grasses. These techniques could not be utilized to estimate fluxes from the cottonwood/willow (C/W) forest gallery due to the height (20-30 m) and non-uniform linear nature of the forest gallery. Short-term (2-4 days) sap flux measurements were made to estimate canopy transpiration over several periods of the riparian growing season. Simultaneous remote sensing measurements were used to spatially extrapolate tree and stand measurements. Scaled C/W stand level sap flux estimates were utilized to calibrate a Penman-Monteith model to enable temporal extrapolation between Synoptic measurement periods. With this model and set of measurements, seasonal riparian vegetation water use estimates for the riparian corridor were obtained. To validate these models, a 90-day pre-monsoon water balance over a 10 km section of the river was carried out. All components of the water balance, including riparian ET, were independently estimated. The closure of the water balance was roughly 5% of total inflows. The ET models were then used to provide riparian ET estimates over the entire corridor for the growing season. These estimates were approximately 14% less than those obtained from the most recent groundwater model of the basin for a comparable river reach.","largerWorkTitle":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00197-0","issn":"01681923","usgsCitation":"Goodrich, D., Scott, R., Qi, J., Goff, B., Unkrich, C., Moran, M.S., Williams, D., Schaeffer, S., Snyder, K., MacNish, R., Maddock, T., Pool, D., Chehbouni, A., Cooper, D., Eichinger, W., Shuttleworth, W., Kerr, Y., Marsett, R., and Ni, W., 2000, Seasonal estimates of riparian evapotranspiration using remote and in situ measurements, in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 105, no. 1-3, p. 281-309, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00197-0.","startPage":"281","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206662,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00197-0"},{"id":230493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b889fe4b08c986b316a82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodrich, D.C.","contributorId":98492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, R.","contributorId":26104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qi, J.","contributorId":48718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goff, B.","contributorId":101843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Unkrich, C.L.","contributorId":74537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Unkrich","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moran, M. S.","contributorId":91630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Williams, D.","contributorId":31908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schaeffer, S.","contributorId":38732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Snyder, K.","contributorId":13773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"MacNish, R.","contributorId":20933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNish","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Maddock, T.","contributorId":83698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pool, D.","contributorId":96042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Chehbouni, A.","contributorId":37095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chehbouni","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Cooper, D.I.","contributorId":80851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Eichinger, W.E.","contributorId":69744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichinger","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Shuttleworth, W.J.","contributorId":13772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuttleworth","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Kerr, Y.","contributorId":51494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerr","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Marsett, R.","contributorId":69322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsett","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Ni, W.","contributorId":17792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ni","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70022325,"text":"70022325 - 2000 - Kansas coal distribution, resources, and potential for coalbed methane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T16:47:07","indexId":"70022325","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3550,"text":"The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon","printIssn":"0894-802X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kansas coal distribution, resources, and potential for coalbed methane","docAbstract":"100 ft (>30 m)] determined from 32 different coal beds. Strippable coal resources at a depth < 100 ft (<30 m) total 2.8 billion tons (2.6 billion MT), and this total is determined from 17 coals. Coal beds present in the Cherokee Group (Middle Pennsylvanian) represent most of these coal resource totals. Deep coal beds with the largest resource totals include the Bevier, Mineral, \\"Aw\\" (unnamed coal bed), Riverton, and Weir-Pittsburg coals, all within the Cherokee Group. Based on chemical analyses, coals in the southeastern part of the state are generally high volatile A bituminous, whereas coals in the east-central and northeastern part of the state are high-volatile B bituminous coals. The primary concern of coal beds in Kansas for deep mining or development of coalbed methane is the thin nature [<2 ft (0.6 m)] of most coal beds. Present production of coalbed methane is centered mainly in the southern Wilson/northern Montgomery County area of southeastern Kansas where methane is produced from the Mulky, Weir-Pittsburg, and Riverton coals."}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{"2":8403202,"4":[null,2,16777215],"11":4,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Inconsolata, monospace, arial, sans, sans-serif","16":11,"26":400}\" data-sheets-formula=\"=VLOOKUP(R[0]C[-5],Fixed!R2C[-6]:C[-4],3,false)\">Kansas has large amounts of bituminous coal both at the surface and in the subsurface of eastern Kansas. Preliminary studies indicate at least 53 billion tons (48 billion MT) of deep coal [>100 ft (>30 m)] determined from 32 different coal beds. Strippable coal resources at a depth < 100 ft (<30 m) total 2.8 billion tons (2.6 billion MT), and this total is determined from 17 coals. Coal beds present in the Cherokee Group (Middle Pennsylvanian) represent most of these coal resource totals. Deep coal beds with the largest resource totals include the Bevier, Mineral, \"Aw\" (unnamed coal bed), Riverton, and Weir-Pittsburg coals, all within the Cherokee Group. Based on chemical analyses, coals in the southeastern part of the state are generally high volatile A bituminous, whereas coals in the east-central and northeastern part of the state are high-volatile B bituminous coals. The primary concern of coal beds in Kansas for deep mining or development of coalbed methane is the thin nature [<2 ft (0.6 m)] of most coal beds. Present production of coalbed methane is centered mainly in the southern Wilson/northern Montgomery County area of southeastern Kansas where methane is produced from the Mulky, Weir-Pittsburg, and Riverton coals.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Sigma Gamma Epsilon","issn":"0894-802X","usgsCitation":"Brady, L.L., 2000, Kansas coal distribution, resources, and potential for coalbed methane: The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, v. 75, no. 2-3, p. 122-133.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"133","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","volume":"75","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4056e4b0c8380cd64c9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, L. L.","contributorId":33711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022326,"text":"70022326 - 2000 - Coastal erosion vs riverline sediment discharge in the Arctic shelfx seas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022326","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2037,"text":"International Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal erosion vs riverline sediment discharge in the Arctic shelfx seas","docAbstract":"This article presents a comparison of sediment input by rivers and by coastal erosion into both the Laptev Sea and the Canadian Beaufort Sea (CBS). New data on coastal erosion in the Laptev Sea, which are based on field measurements and remote sensing information and existing data on coastal erosion in the CBS as well as riverine sediment discharge into both the Laptev Sea and the CBS are included. Strong regional differences in the percentages of coastal ero- sion and riverine sediment supply are observed. The CBS is dominated by the riverine sediment discharge (64.45x106 t a-1) mainly of the Mackenzie River. which is the largest single source of sediments in the Arctic. Riverine sediment discharge into the Laptev Sea amounts to 24.10x106 t a-1, more than 70% of which are related to the Lena River. In comparison with the CBS. the Laptev Sea coast on average delivers approximately twice as much sediment mass per kilometer, a result of higher erosion rates due to higher cliffs and seasonal ice melting. In the Laptev Sea sediment input by coastal erosion (58.4x106 t a-1) is therefore more important than in the CBS and the ratio between riverine and coastal sediment input amounts to 0.4. Coastal erosion supplying 5.6x106 t a-1 is less significant for the sediment budget of the CBS where riverine sediment discharge exceeds coastal sediment input by a factor of ca. 10.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s005310000113","issn":"14373254","usgsCitation":"Rachold, V., Grigoriev, M., Are, F., Solomon, S.C., Reimnitz, E., Kassens, H., and Antonow, M., 2000, Coastal erosion vs riverline sediment discharge in the Arctic shelfx seas: International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 89, no. 3, p. 450-459, https://doi.org/10.1007/s005310000113.","startPage":"450","endPage":"459","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206678,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310000113"},{"id":230533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f781e4b0c8380cd4cb55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rachold, V.","contributorId":78164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rachold","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grigoriev, M.N.","contributorId":64105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grigoriev","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Are, F.E.","contributorId":22203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Are","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solomon, Sean C.","contributorId":14698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":393162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kassens, H.","contributorId":60781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kassens","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Antonow, M.","contributorId":21826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antonow","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70022575,"text":"70022575 - 2000 - Predicting the physical effects of relocating Boston's sewage outfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T13:57:16","indexId":"70022575","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the physical effects of relocating Boston's sewage outfall","docAbstract":"Boston is scheduled to cease discharge of sewage effluent in Boston Harbor in Spring 2000 and begin discharge at a site 14 km offshore in Massachusetts Bay in a water depth of about 30 m. The effects of this outfall relocation on effluent dilution, salinity and circulation are predicted with a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The simulations predict that the new bay outfall will greatly decrease effluent concentrations in Boston Harbor (relative to the harbour outfall) and will not significantly change mean effluent concentrations over most of Massachusetts Bay. With the harbour outfall, previous observations and these simulations show that effluent concentrations exceed 0??5% throughout the harbour, with a harbour wide average of 1-2%. With the bay outfall, effluent concentrations exceed 0??5% only within a few km of the new outfall, and harbour concentrations drop to 0??1-0??2%, a 10-fold reduction. During unstratified winter conditions, the local increase in effluent concentration at the bay outfall site is predicted to exist throughout the water column. During stratified summer conditions, however, effluent released at the sea bed rises and is trapped beneath the pycnocline. The local increase in effluent concentration is limited to the lower layer, and as a result, surface layer effluent concentrations in the vicinity of the new outfall site are predicted to decrease (relative to the harbour outfall) during the summer. Slight changes are predicted for the salinity and circulation fields. Removing the fresh water associated with the effluent discharge in Boston Harbor is predicted to increase the mean salinity of the harbour by 0??5 and decrease the mean salinity by 0??10-0??15 within 2-3 km of the outfall. Relative to the existing mean flow, the buoyant discharge at the new outfall is predicted to generate density-driven mean currents of 2-4 cm s-1 that spiral out in a clockwise motion at the surface during winter and at the pycnocline (15-20 m depth) during summer. Compensating counterclockwise currents are predicted to spiral in toward the source at the bottom. Because the scale of the residual current structure induced by the new discharge is comparable to or smaller than typical subtidal water parcel excursions, Lagrangian trajectories will not follow the Eulerian residual flow. Thus, mean currents measured from moorings within 5 km of the bay outfall site will be more useful for model comparison than to indicate net transport pathways.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/ecss.1999.0532","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., Jenter, H., and Blumberg, A., 2000, Predicting the physical effects of relocating Boston's sewage outfall: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 50, no. 1, p. 59-72, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1999.0532.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.04583740234375,\n 42.248851700720955\n ],\n [\n -70.6915283203125,\n 42.248851700720955\n ],\n [\n -70.6915283203125,\n 42.51462626746592\n ],\n [\n -71.04583740234375,\n 42.51462626746592\n ],\n [\n -71.04583740234375,\n 42.248851700720955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81d3e4b0c8380cd7b763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenter, H. L.","contributorId":25167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"H. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blumberg, A.F.","contributorId":44684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumberg","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022328,"text":"70022328 - 2000 - Block coals from Indiana: Inferences on changing depositional environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022328","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Block coals from Indiana: Inferences on changing depositional environment","docAbstract":"Significant differences in coal petrography, palynology and coal quality were found between the Lower Block and Upper Block Coal Members (Brazil Formation, Pennsylvanian) in Daviess County, Indiana. The Lower Block Coal Member ranges in thickness from 51 to 74 cm and the Upper Block Coal Member ranges from 20 to 65 cm. Average sulfur content and ash yield of the Lower Block coal (0.98%, 7.65%) are lower than in the Upper Block coal. Megascopically, the coals show distinct differences. The Lower Block is a banded coal with numerous thin fusain horizons and a thin clay parting in the lower third of the seam. The Upper Block coal has a dulling-upward trend, with a bright clarain found at the base that grades into a clarain and then into a durain in the upper portion of the seam. Vitrinite content of the Lower Block coal ranges from 63% to 78%, with the highest vitrinite content found in the middle portion of the seam. In the Upper Block coal, vitrinite content ranges from 40% to 83%, with the highest values found in the lower part of the seam. Ash yield is higher in the upper part of the Upper Block coal, reaching up to 40%. The Lower Block coal is dominated by lycopod trees and tree ferns. The Upper Block coal shows marked differences in spore assemblages between lower and upper parts of the seam. The lower half is dominated by large lycopod trees and tree ferns, similar to the Lower Block coal. The upper half is dominated by small lycopods, mainly Densosporites and Radiizonates. These differences between the Lower Block and Upper Block Coal Members are significant correlation tools applicable to mining exploration and chronostratigraphy. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Significant differences in coal petrography, palynology and coal quality were found between the Lower Block and Upper Block Coal Members (Brazil Formation, Pennsylvanian) in Daviess County, Indiana. The Lower Block Coal Member ranges in thickness from 51 to 74 cm and the Upper Block Coal Member ranges from 20 to 65 cm. Average sulfur content and ash yield of the Lower Block coal (0.98%, 7.65%) are lower than in the Upper Block coal. Megascopically, the coals show distinct differences. The Lower Block is a banded coal with numerous thin fusain horizons and a thin clay parting in the lower third of the seam. The Upper Block coal has a dulling-upward trend, with a bright clarain found at the base that grades into a clarain and then into a durain in the upper portion of the seam. Vitrinite content of the Lower Block coal ranges from 63% to 78%, with the highest vitrinite content found in the middle portion of the seam. In the Upper Block coal, vitrinite content ranges from 40% to 83%, with the highest values found in the lower part of the seam. Ash yield is higher in the upper part of the Upper Block coal, reaching up to 40%. The Lower Block coal is dominated by lycopod trees and tree ferns. The Upper Block coal shows marked differences in spore assemblages between lower and upper parts of the seam. The lower half is dominated by large lycopod trees and tree ferns, similar to the Lower Block coal. The upper half is dominated by small lycopods, mainly Densosporites and Radiizonates. These differences between the Lower Block and Upper Block Coal members are significant correlation tools applicable to mining exploration and chronostratigraphy.","largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","conferenceTitle":"TSOP - Halifax'98, 15th Annual Meeting of The Society for Organic Petrology: Sailing into the New Millennium","conferenceDate":"27 July 1998 through 28 July 1998","conferenceLocation":"Halifax, NS, Can","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00060-9","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Mastalerz, M., Padgett, P., and Eble, C., 2000, Block coals from Indiana: Inferences on changing depositional environment, in International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 43, no. 1-4, Halifax, NS, Can, 27 July 1998 through 28 July 1998, p. 211-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00060-9.","startPage":"211","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206690,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00060-9"},{"id":230569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1e3e4b0c8380cd4aea8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Padgett, P.L.","contributorId":107869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Padgett","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022263,"text":"70022263 - 2000 - Effects of topography and soil properties on recharge at two sites in an agricultural field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T07:54:54","indexId":"70022263","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of topography and soil properties on recharge at two sites in an agricultural field","docAbstract":"Field experiments were conducted from 1992 to 1995 to estimate ground water recharge rates at two sites located within a 2.7-hectare agricultural field. The field lies in a sand plain setting in central Minnesota and is cropped continuously in field corn. The sites are located at a topographically high (upland) site and a topographically low (lowland) site in an effort to quantify the effects of depression focusing of recharge. Three site-specific methods were used to estimate recharge rates: well hydrograph analysis, chlorofluorocarbon age dating, and an unsaturated zone water balance. All three recharge methods indicated that recharge rates at the lowland site (annual average of all methods of 29 cm) exceeded those at the upland site (annual average of 18 cm). On an annual basis, estimates by the individual methods ranged from 12 to 44 percent of precipitation at the upland site and from 21 to 83 percent at the lowland site. The difference in recharge rates between the sites is primarily attributed to depression focusing of surface water runon at the lowland site. However, two other factors were also important: the presence of thin lamellae at the upland site, and coarser textured soils below a depth of 1.5 m at the lowland site.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb05735.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., Healy, R.W., Landon, M., and Böhlke, J., 2000, Effects of topography and soil properties on recharge at two sites in an agricultural field: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1401-1416, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb05735.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1401","endPage":"1416","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.69415283203125,\n 45.50923415869288\n ],\n [\n -93.69415283203125,\n 45.630365250117606\n ],\n [\n -93.47785949707031,\n 45.630365250117606\n ],\n [\n -93.47785949707031,\n 45.50923415869288\n ],\n [\n -93.69415283203125,\n 45.50923415869288\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a080fe4b0c8380cd51961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022262,"text":"70022262 - 2000 - Studies in neotropical paleobotany. XIV. A palynoflora from the middle Eocene Saramaguacán formation of Cuba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T18:34:28.652623","indexId":"70022262","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies in neotropical paleobotany. XIV. A palynoflora from the middle Eocene Saramaguacán formation of Cuba","docAbstract":"An assemblage of 46 fossil pollen and spore types is described from a core drilled through the middle Eocene Saramaguacán Formation, Camagüey Province, eastern Cuba. Many of the specimens represent unidentified or extinct taxa but several can be identified to family (Palmae, Bombacaceae, Gramineae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae) and some to genus (Pteris, Crudia, Lymingtonia?). The paleoclimate was warm-temperate to subtropical which is consistent with other floras in the region of comparable age and with the global paleotemperature curve. Older plate tectonic models show a variety of locations for proto-Cuba during Late Cretaceous and later times, including along the norther coast of South America. More recent models depict western and central Cuba as two separate parts until the Eocene, and eastern Cuba (joined to northern Hispaniola) docking to central Cuba also in the Eocene. All fragments are part of the North American Plate and none were directly connected with northern South America in late Mesozoic or Cenozoic time. The Saramaguacán flora supports this model because the assemblage is distinctly North American in affinities, with only one type (Retimonocolpites type 1) found elsewhere only in South America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.2307/2656879","issn":"00029122","usgsCitation":"Graham, A., Cozadd, D., Areces-Mallea, A., and Frederiksen, N.O., 2000, Studies in neotropical paleobotany. XIV. A palynoflora from the middle Eocene Saramaguacán formation of Cuba: American Journal of Botany, v. 87, no. 10, p. 1526-1539, https://doi.org/10.2307/2656879.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1526","endPage":"1539","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2656879","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cuba","state":"Camagüey Province","otherGeospatial":"Saramaguacán Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.44400024414062,\n 21.083218727590673\n ],\n [\n -77.41790771484375,\n 21.049899597274234\n ],\n [\n -77.42752075195312,\n 21.031955437049724\n ],\n [\n -77.37258911132812,\n 21.00503514510042\n ],\n [\n -77.38082885742188,\n 20.993496389857583\n ],\n [\n -77.36434936523438,\n 20.964004409178308\n ],\n [\n -77.34237670898438,\n 20.964004409178308\n ],\n [\n -77.34237670898438,\n 20.99477851781938\n ],\n [\n -77.3272705078125,\n 20.99477851781938\n ],\n [\n -77.3052978515625,\n 20.97554544262713\n ],\n [\n -77.29843139648438,\n 20.99477851781938\n ],\n [\n -77.28607177734375,\n 21.008881198605163\n ],\n [\n -77.2833251953125,\n 21.025546284581797\n ],\n [\n -77.25723266601562,\n 21.04861794324536\n ],\n [\n -77.25311279296875,\n 21.066560095381984\n ],\n [\n -77.16659545898438,\n 21.09218798704055\n ],\n [\n -77.16522216796875,\n 21.116530389515244\n ],\n [\n -77.1240234375,\n 21.18441176237681\n ],\n [\n -77.12814331054688,\n 21.235622362422877\n ],\n [\n -77.09793090820312,\n 21.250982076868247\n ],\n [\n -77.08969116210938,\n 21.285535578704255\n ],\n [\n -77.0745849609375,\n 21.29705160950195\n ],\n [\n -77.07321166992188,\n 21.307287323905406\n ],\n [\n -77.13775634765625,\n 21.307287323905406\n ],\n [\n -77.12814331054688,\n 21.34310670643389\n ],\n [\n -77.12814331054688,\n 21.354618222131514\n ],\n [\n -77.09518432617188,\n 21.36868662446068\n ],\n [\n -77.0965576171875,\n 21.423668314313243\n ],\n [\n -77.10479736328125,\n 21.450512318828103\n ],\n [\n -77.255859375,\n 21.458181127146066\n ],\n [\n -77.28057861328125,\n 21.49396356306447\n ],\n [\n -77.28057861328125,\n 21.52207216281314\n ],\n [\n -77.33001708984375,\n 21.570610571132665\n ],\n [\n -77.376708984375,\n 21.59998118873847\n ],\n [\n -77.36709594726561,\n 21.635728678548105\n ],\n [\n -77.43850708007812,\n 21.64849349639199\n ],\n [\n -77.6513671875,\n 21.48757448727133\n ],\n [\n -77.72415161132812,\n 21.323918838669897\n ],\n [\n -77.783203125,\n 21.116530389515244\n ],\n [\n -77.69943237304688,\n 21.007599191785744\n ],\n [\n -77.53738403320312,\n 21.008881198605163\n ],\n [\n -77.47421264648438,\n 20.99477851781938\n ],\n [\n -77.48245239257812,\n 21.00503514510042\n ],\n [\n -77.46871948242188,\n 21.031955437049724\n ],\n [\n -77.46871948242188,\n 21.060152432245324\n ],\n [\n -77.4481201171875,\n 21.061433986951034\n ],\n [\n -77.44400024414062,\n 21.083218727590673\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c89e4b08c986b31d428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, A.","contributorId":24517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozadd, D.","contributorId":79660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozadd","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Areces-Mallea, A.","contributorId":15367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Areces-Mallea","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frederiksen, N. O.","contributorId":78356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022261,"text":"70022261 - 2000 - Was the 18 May 1980 lateral blast at Mt St Helens the product of two explosions?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T13:56:44.185986","indexId":"70022261","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3047,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Was the 18 May 1980 lateral blast at Mt St Helens the product of two explosions?","docAbstract":"The 18 May 1980 lateral blast at Mt St Helens has been interpreted as the product of a single explosion by some stratigraphers and as two closely spaced explosions by others. The stratigraphic evidence that bears on this question is inconclusive; strata change dramatically over short distances and this complexity provides wide latitude for interpretation. Some independent non-stratigraphic evidence, however, suggests that the blast was the product of two explosions or clusters of explosions. The independent evidence comes from eyewitness accounts and photographs, from satellite sensors, and from seismic records. This paper reviews the pertinent evidence, offers a new interpretation, and concludes that the blast was indeed the product of two explosions or clusters of explosions.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2000.0608","issn":"1364503X","usgsCitation":"Hoblitt, R., 2000, Was the 18 May 1980 lateral blast at Mt St Helens the product of two explosions?: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, v. 358, no. 1770, p. 1639-1661, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0608.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1639","endPage":"1661","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mt. St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.19303131103516,\n 46.14630227511229\n ],\n [\n -122.15595245361328,\n 46.150107913663305\n ],\n [\n -122.12951660156249,\n 46.17769092452084\n ],\n [\n -122.1360397338867,\n 46.19052657426052\n ],\n [\n -122.14530944824217,\n 46.214050815339526\n ],\n [\n -122.1566390991211,\n 46.226877974151705\n ],\n [\n -122.18685150146484,\n 46.24088940711426\n ],\n [\n -122.23148345947267,\n 46.25038664894849\n ],\n [\n -122.24693298339844,\n 46.23946467902409\n ],\n [\n -122.26512908935547,\n 46.20834889395228\n ],\n [\n -122.25208282470703,\n 46.170558713043334\n ],\n [\n -122.24281311035156,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -122.19303131103516,\n 46.14630227511229\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"358","issue":"1770","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3e2e4b08c986b32b3c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":89536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022260,"text":"70022260 - 2000 - Regional Crustal Structures and Their Relationship to the Distribution of Ore Deposits in the Western United States, Based on Magnetic and Gravity Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022260","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional Crustal Structures and Their Relationship to the Distribution of Ore Deposits in the Western United States, Based on Magnetic and Gravity Data","docAbstract":"Upgraded gravity and magnetic databases and associated filtered-anomaly maps of western United States define regional crustal fractures or faults that may have guided the emplacement of plutonic rocks and large metallic ore deposits. Fractures, igneous intrusions, and hydrothermal circulation tend to be localized along boundaries of crustal blocks, with geophysical expressions that are enhanced here by wavelength filtering. In particular, we explore the utility of regional gravity and magnetic data to aid in understanding the distribution of large Mesozoic and Cenozoic ore deposits, primarily epithermal and porphyry precious and base metal deposits and sediment-hosted gold deposits in the western United States cordillera. On the broadest scale, most ore deposits lie within areas characterized by low magnetic properties. The Mesozoic Mother Lodge gold belt displays characteristic geophysical signatures (regional gravity high, regional low-to-moderate background magnetic field anomaly, and long curvilinear magnetic highs) that might serve as an exploration guide. Geophysical lineaments characterize the Idaho-Montana porphyry belt and the La Caridad-Mineral Park belt (from northern Mexico to western Arizona) and thus indicate a deep-seated control for these mineral belts. Large metal accumulations represented by the giant Bingham porphyry copper and the Butte polymetallic vein and porphyry copper systems lie at intersections of several geophysical lineaments. At a more local scale, geophysical data define deep-rooted faults and magmatic zones that correspond to patterns of epithermal precious metal deposits in western and northern Nevada. Of particular interest is an interpreted dense crustal block with a shape that resembles the elliptical deposit pattern partly formed by the Carlin trend and the Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral belt. We support previous studies, which on a local scale, conclude that structural elements work together to localize mineral deposits within regional zones or belts. This study of mineral deposits of the western United States demonstrates the ability of magnetic and gravity data to elucidate the regional geologic framework or structural setting and to contribute in locating favorable environments for hydrothermal mineralization.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/95.8.1583","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., Berger, B., Jachens, R., and Ludington, S., 2000, Regional Crustal Structures and Their Relationship to the Distribution of Ore Deposits in the Western United States, Based on Magnetic and Gravity Data: Economic Geology, v. 95, no. 8, p. 1583-1603, https://doi.org/10.2113/95.8.1583.","startPage":"1583","endPage":"1603","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206747,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/95.8.1583"},{"id":230710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a45ee4b0e8fec6cdbb55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, B.","contributorId":36316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ludington, S.","contributorId":91987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022259,"text":"70022259 - 2000 - Using submarine lava pillars to record mid-ocean ridge eruption dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T11:29:52","indexId":"70022259","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using submarine lava pillars to record mid-ocean ridge eruption dynamics","docAbstract":"Submarine lava pillars are hollow, glass-lined, basaltic cylinders that occur at the axis of the mid-ocean ridge, and within the summit calderas of some seamounts. Typically, pillars are ~1-20 m tall and 0.25-2.0 m in diameter, with subhorizontal to horizontal glassy selvages on their exterior walls. Lava pillars form gradually during a single eruption, and are composed of lava emplaced at the eruption onset as well as the last lava remaining after the lava pond has drained. On the deep sea floor, the surface of a basaltic lava flow quenches to glass within 1 s, thereby preserving information about eruption dynamics, as well as chemical and physical properties of lava within a single eruption. Investigation of different lava pillars collected from a single eruption allows us to distinguish surficial lava-pond or lava-lake geochemical processes from those operating in the magma chamber. Morphologic, major-element, petrographic and helium analyses were performed on portions of three lava pillars formed during the April 1991 eruption near 9°50'N at the axis of the East Pacific Rise. Modeling results indicate that the collected portions of pillars formed in ~2-5 h, suggesting a total eruption duration of ~8-20 h. These values are consistent with observed homogeneity in the glass helium concentrations and helium diffusion rates. Major-element compositions of most pillar glasses are homogeneous and identical to the 1991 flow, but slight chemical variations measured in the outermost portions of some pillars may reflect post-eruptive processes rather than those occurring in subaxial magma bodies. Because lava pillars are common at mid-ocean ridges (MORs), the concepts and techniques we present here may have important application to the study of MOR eruptions, thereby providing a basis for quantitative comparisons of volcanic eruptions in geographically and tectonically diverse settings. More research is needed to thoroughly test the hypotheses presented here. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00085-6","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Gregg, T., Fornari, D.J., Perfit, M.R., Ridley, W., and Kurz, M.D., 2000, Using submarine lava pillars to record mid-ocean ridge eruption dynamics: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 178, no. 3-4, p. 195-214, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00085-6.","startPage":"195","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206746,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00085-6"}],"volume":"178","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0ace4b08c986b32a265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregg, Tracy","contributorId":98408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Tracy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fornari, Daniel J.","contributorId":93556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fornari","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perfit, Michael R.","contributorId":29123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perfit","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ridley, W. Ian 0000-0001-6787-558X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-558X","contributorId":17269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W. Ian","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kurz, Mark D.","contributorId":49555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurz","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022330,"text":"70022330 - 2000 - Transient groundwater-lake interactions in a continental rift: Sea of Galilee, Israel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-22T15:41:44.729882","indexId":"70022330","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient groundwater-lake interactions in a continental rift: Sea of Galilee, Israel","docAbstract":"The Sea of Galilee, located in the northern part of the Dead Sea rift, is currently an intermediate fresh-water lake. It is postulated that during a short highstand phase of former Lake Lisan in the late Pleistocene, saline water percolated into the subsurface. Since its recession from the Kinarot basin and the instantaneous formation of the fresh-water lake (the Sea of Galilee), the previously intruded brine has been flushed backward toward the lake. Numerical simulations solving the coupled equations of fluid flow and of solute and heat transport are applied to examine the feasibility of this hypothesis. A sensitivity analysis shows that the major parameters controlling basin hydrodynamics are lake-water salinity, aquifer permeability, and aquifer anisotropy. Results show that a highstand period of 3000 yr in Lake Lisan was sufficient for saline water to percolate deep into the subsurface. Because of different aquifer permeabilities on both sides of the rift, brine percolated into a aquifers on the western margin, whereas percolation was negligible on the eastern side. In the simulation, after the occupation of the basin by the Sea of Galilee, the invading saline water was leached backward by a topography-driven flow. It is suggested that the percolating brine on the western side reacted with limestone at depth to form epigenetic dolomite at elevated temperatures. Therefore, groundwater discharging along the western shores of the Sea of Galilee has a higher calcium to magnesium ratio than groundwater on the eastern side.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1694:TGLIIA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Stanislavsky, E., Lyakhovsky, V., and Gvirtzman, H., 2000, Transient groundwater-lake interactions in a continental rift: Sea of Galilee, Israel: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 11, p. 1694-1702, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1694:TGLIIA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1694","endPage":"1702","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tiberias, Sea of Galilee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.5902099609375,\n 32.697177359290635\n ],\n [\n 35.630035400390625,\n 32.72028788113862\n ],\n [\n 35.646514892578125,\n 32.74454748492845\n ],\n [\n 35.65063476562499,\n 32.772264659923465\n ],\n [\n 35.65063476562499,\n 32.7872745269555\n ],\n [\n 35.654754638671875,\n 32.828827094089085\n ],\n [\n 35.660247802734375,\n 32.838058359277056\n ],\n [\n 35.643768310546875,\n 32.88189375925038\n ],\n [\n 35.613555908203125,\n 32.90495631913751\n ],\n [\n 35.533905029296875,\n 32.87266705436184\n ],\n [\n 35.50643920898437,\n 32.83228893100241\n ],\n [\n 35.533905029296875,\n 32.794201303793194\n ],\n [\n 35.528411865234375,\n 32.78034721066307\n ],\n [\n 35.561370849609375,\n 32.74339241542703\n ],\n [\n 35.562744140625,\n 32.71566625570318\n ],\n [\n 35.5902099609375,\n 32.697177359290635\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6ffe4b08c986b326fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanislavsky, E.","contributorId":104244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanislavsky","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyakhovsky, V.","contributorId":76492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyakhovsky","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gvirtzman, H.","contributorId":105470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gvirtzman","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}