{"pageNumber":"3285","pageRowStart":"82100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70022830,"text":"70022830 - 2000 - Fish as vectors in the dispersal of Bythotrephes cederstroemi: Diapausing eggs survive passage through the gut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022830","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish as vectors in the dispersal of Bythotrephes cederstroemi: Diapausing eggs survive passage through the gut","docAbstract":"1. Bythotrephes cederstroemi (Crustacea: Onychopoda: Cercopagidae) is an introduced invertebrate predator currently spreading through the Laurentian Great Lakes region of North America. We examined a previously unsuspected way in which B. cederstroemi may be dispersed by fish by their consumption of diapausing eggs. 2. Ninety-four percentage of the mature B. cederstroemi diapausing eggs consumed by fish were egested apparently intact. This proportion is considerably above previous estimates for the ephippial eggs of Daphnia. The hatching success of diapausing eggs was compared among four categories: (a) eggs released naturally by B. cederstroemi (control, 73% hatched (b) eggs released during 'stressful confinement' (46% hatched) (c) eggs dissected from dead females (13% hatched) and (d) eggs recovered from faecal pellets following consumption by fish (viable gut passage experiment, 41% hatched). 3. Samples of small fish and B. cederstroemi were collected simultaneously. Examination of gut contents revealed that fish contained B. cederstroemi diapausing eggs and that B. cederstroemi bearing resting eggs were consumed selectively over those without eggs. Moreover, fish selected B. cederstroemi bearing mature rather than immature diapausing eggs. 4. The fact that diapausing eggs survive gut passage is important for the dispersal of B. cederstroemi. Fish often move between the pelagic and littoral zones of lakes and may thus disperse diapausing eggs widely. Fish may also move between lakes connected by river systems and can be caught and passively dispersed by anglers or piscivorous birds. Our results demonstrate the potential for fish to act as vectors in the spread of B. cederstroemi.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00547.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Jarnagin, S., Swan, B., and Kerfoot, W., 2000, Fish as vectors in the dispersal of Bythotrephes cederstroemi: Diapausing eggs survive passage through the gut: Freshwater Biology, v. 43, no. 4, p. 579-589, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00547.x.","startPage":"579","endPage":"589","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00547.x"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1079e4b0c8380cd53cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnagin, S.T.","contributorId":80465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnagin","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swan, B.K.","contributorId":71359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swan","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kerfoot, W.C.","contributorId":24122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerfoot","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022829,"text":"70022829 - 2000 - Multiple large earthquakes in the past 1500 years on a fault in metropolitan Manila, the Philippines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T18:53:19.35454","indexId":"70022829","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple large earthquakes in the past 1500 years on a fault in metropolitan Manila, the Philippines","docAbstract":"<p><span>The first&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C-based paleoseismic study of an active fault in the Philippines shows that a right-lateral fault on the northeast edge of metropolitan Manila poses a greater seismic hazard than previously thought. Faulted hillslope colluvium, stream-channel alluvium, and debris-flow deposits exposed in trenches across the northern part of the west Marikina Valley fault record two or three surface-faulting events. Three eroded, clay-rich soil B horizons suggest thousands of years between surface faulting events, whereas&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C ages on detrital charcoal constrain the entire stratigraphic sequence to the past 1300–1700 years. We rely on the&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C ages to infer faulting recurrence of hundreds rather than thousands of years. Minimal soil development and modern&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C ages from colluvium overlying a faulted debris-flow deposit in a nearby stream exposure point to a historic age for a probable third or fourth (most recent) faulting event.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0119990002","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A., Personius, S., Rimando, R., Punongbayan, R., Tungol, N., Mirabueno, H., and Rasdas, A., 2000, Multiple large earthquakes in the past 1500 years on a fault in metropolitan Manila, the Philippines: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 1, p. 73-85, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1235772","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Philippines","city":"Manila","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              120.498046875,\n              14.187174718895449\n            ],\n            [\n              121.2286376953125,\n              14.187174718895449\n            ],\n            [\n              121.2286376953125,\n              14.897013355599636\n            ],\n            [\n              120.498046875,\n              14.897013355599636\n            ],\n            [\n              120.498046875,\n              14.187174718895449\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a606ee4b0c8380cd71457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, A.R. 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":55078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Personius, S. F. 0000-0001-8347-7370","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7370","contributorId":31408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rimando, R.E.","contributorId":67695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rimando","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Punongbayan, R.S.","contributorId":89698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Punongbayan","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tungol, N.","contributorId":33494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tungol","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mirabueno, H.","contributorId":67258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirabueno","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rasdas, A.","contributorId":9038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasdas","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022893,"text":"70022893 - 2000 - Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022893","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 1998","docAbstract":"Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 204 moderate-to-large size earthquakes that occurred during 1998. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-9201(99)00145-4","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., Bufe, C., and Zirbes, M., 2000, Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: Global seismicity, 1998: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 118, no. 3-4, p. 169-179, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(99)00145-4.","startPage":"169","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208216,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(99)00145-4"}],"volume":"118","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d41e4b0c8380cd7026f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bufe, C. G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zirbes, M.D.","contributorId":27620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zirbes","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001783,"text":"1001783 - 2000 - Predictable interregional movements by female northern pintails during winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:46:11","indexId":"1001783","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictable interregional movements by female northern pintails during winter","docAbstract":"Factors influencing initiation of regional and interregional movements by nonbreeding ducks are poorly understood, especially during winter. During winters 1990-1991 through 1992-1993, we radiotagged 347 female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in southwestern Louisiana and monitored their movements to three regions: (1) the Gulf Coast Region of Louisiana and Texas (outside of southwestern Louisiana), (2) the Rice Prairie Region of Texas, and (3) the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. We found that adult females were 1.9 times more likely than were immatures to emigrate from southwestern Louisiana during winter. During winters 1990-1991 and 1991-1992, females were more likely to emigrate during stormy than during fair weather, whereas they were more likely to emigrate during fair weather in 1992-1993. Females were more likely to emigrate during duck-hunting seasons than during nonhunting seasons, regardless of weather. Daily emigration probabilities did not differ in relation to body condition when released (body mass adjusted for body size) or to number of previous emigration events. Each winter, large numbers of females consistently moved from the Gulf Coast Region to areas with abundant rice (Oryza sativa) agriculture within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. We conclude that destination of interregional movements by this population of Northern Pintails is highly predictable, and that initiation of such movements is influenced by female age and long-term winter precipitation patterns in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Furthermore, timing of these movements is predictable, based not on calendar date, but rather on duck-hunting seasons and, usually, the environmental cues to habitat availability provided by stormy weather.","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","usgsCitation":"Cox, R.R., and Afton, A., 2000, Predictable interregional movements by female northern pintails during winter: Waterbirds, v. 23, no. 2, p. 258-269.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"269","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4804e4b07f02db4cf009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022828,"text":"70022828 - 2000 - Post-Mazama (7 KA) faulting beneath Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-15T16:46:05.37948","indexId":"70022828","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-Mazama (7 KA) faulting beneath Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles (3.5 kHz) show that a distinctive, widespread reflection occurs in the sediments beneath Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. Coring reveals that this reflection is formed by Mazama tephra (MT), about 7 ka in age. The MT horizon is faulted in many places and locally displaced by as much as 3.1 m. Differential displacement of multiple horizons indicates recurrent fault movement, perhaps three episodes since deposition of the Mazama. The pattern of faulting indicates northeast-southwest extension beneath the lake basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0119990033","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Rosenbaum, J.G., Reynolds, R.L., and Sarna-Wojcicki, A., 2000, Post-Mazama (7 KA) faulting beneath Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 1, p. 243-247, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990033.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"247","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n  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G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022922,"text":"70022922 - 2000 - Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin:  Amissions, deposition and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T07:44:04","indexId":"70022922","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin:  Amissions, deposition and transport","docAbstract":"<p>Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen has been cited as a major factor in the nitrogen saturation of forests in the north-eastern United States and as a contributor to the eutrophication of coastal waters, including the Gulf of Mexico near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Sources of nitrogen emissions and the resulting spatial patterns of nitrogen deposition within the Mississippi River Basin, however, have not been fully documented. An assessment of atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin was therefore conducted in 1998-1999 to: (1) evaluate the forms in which nitrogen is deposited from the atmosphere; (2) quantify the spatial distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition throughout the basin; and (3) relate locations of emission sources to spatial deposition patterns to evaluate atmospheric transport. Deposition data collected through the NADP/NTN (National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network) and CASTNet (Clean Air Status and Trends Network) were used for this analysis. NO(x) Tier 1 emission data by county was obtained for 1992 from the US Environmental Protection Agency (Emissions Trends Viewer CD, 1985-1995, version 1.0, September 1996) and NH3 emissions data was derived from the 1992 Census of Agriculture (US Department of Commerce. Census of Agriculture, US Summary and County Level Data, US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Geographic Area series, 1995:1b) or the National Agricultural Statistics Service (US Department of Agriculture. National Agricultural Statistics Service Historical Data. Accessed 7/98 at URL, 1998. http://www.usda.gov/nass/pubs/hisdata.htm). The highest rates of wet deposition of NO3- were in the north-eastern part of the basin, downwind of electric utility plants and urban areas, whereas the highest rates of wet deposition of NH4+ were in Iowa, near the center of intensive agricultural activities in the Midwest. The lowest rates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition were on the western (windward) side of the basin, which suggests that most of the nitrogen deposited within the basin is derived from internal sources. Atmospheric transport eastward across the basin boundary is greater for NO3- than NH4+, but a significant amount of NH4+ is likely to be transported out of the basin through the formation of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 particles - a process that greatly increases the atmospheric residence time of NH4+. This process is also a likely factor in the atmospheric transport of nitrogen from the Midwest to upland forest regions in the North-East, such as the western Adirondack region of New York, where NH4+ constitutes 38% of the total wet deposition of N.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00533-1","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W., and Stensland, G., 2000, Atmospheric nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin:  Amissions, deposition and transport: Science of Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 87-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00533-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208185,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00533-1"}],"volume":"248","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec4e4b0c8380cd49f3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stensland, G.J.","contributorId":62096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stensland","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022856,"text":"70022856 - 2000 - USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T18:29:43.592798","indexId":"70022856","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently completed new probabilistic seismic hazard maps for the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii. These hazard maps form the basis of the probabilistic component of the design maps used in the 1997 edition of the&nbsp;</span><i>NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures</i><span>, prepared by the Building Seismic Safety Council and published by FEMA. The hazard maps depict peak horizontal ground acceleration and spectral response at 0.2, 0.3, and 1.0 sec periods, with 10%, 5%, and 2% probabilities of exceedance in 50 years, corresponding to return times of about 500, 1000, and 2500 years, respectively. In this paper we outline the methodology used to construct the hazard maps. There are three basic components to the maps. First, we use spatially smoothed historic seismicity as one portion of the hazard calculation. In this model, we apply the general observation that moderate and large earthquakes tend to occur near areas of previous small or moderate events, with some notable exceptions. Second, we consider large background source zones based on broad geologic criteria to quantify hazard in areas with little or no historic seismicity, but with the potential for generating large events. Third, we include the hazard from specific fault sources. We use about 450 faults in the western United States (WUS) and derive recurrence times from either geologic slip rates or the dating of pre-historic earthquakes from trenching of faults or other paleoseismic methods. Recurrence estimates for large earthquakes in New Madrid and Charleston, South Carolina, were taken from recent paleoliquefaction studies. We used logic trees to incorporate different seismicity models, fault recurrence models, Cascadia great earthquake scenarios, and ground-motion attenuation relations. We present disaggregation plots showing the contribution to hazard at four cities from potential earthquakes with various magnitudes and distances.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publishing","doi":"10.1193/1.1586079","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., Mueller, C., Barnhard, T.P., Leyendecker, E.V., Wesson, R.L., Harmsen, S.C., Klein, F.W., Perkins, D.M., Dickman, N., Hanson, S., and Hopper, M.G., 2000, USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps: Earthquake Spectra, v. 16, no. 1, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586079.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbba0e4b08c986b328730","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, A.D.","contributorId":53828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, C.S.","contributorId":45310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnhard, T. P.","contributorId":42208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhard","given":"T.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leyendecker, E. V.","contributorId":87162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leyendecker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harmsen, S. C.","contributorId":59039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Klein, F. W.","contributorId":88371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perkins, D. M.","contributorId":83922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dickman, N.C.","contributorId":60820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickman","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hanson, S.L.","contributorId":47361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hopper, M. G.","contributorId":39389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70022826,"text":"70022826 - 2000 - Quantitative model of the growth of floodplains by vertical accretion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T17:57:21.382456","indexId":"70022826","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative model of the growth of floodplains by vertical accretion","docAbstract":"<p>A simple one-dimensional model is developed to quantitatively predict the change in elevation, over a period of decades, for vertically accreting floodplains. This unsteady model approximates the monotonic growth of a floodplain as an incremental but constant increase of net sediment deposition per flood for those floods of a partial duration series that exceed a threshold discharge corresponding to the elevation of the floodplain. Sediment deposition from each flood increases the elevation of the floodplain and consequently the magnitude of the threshold discharge resulting in a decrease in the number of floods and growth rate of the floodplain.</p><p>Floodplain growth curves predicted by this model are compared to empirical growth curves based on dendrochronology and to direct field measurements at five floodplain sites. The model was used to predict the value of net sediment deposition per flood which best fits (in a least squares sense) the empirical and field measurements; these values fall within the range of independent estimates of the net sediment deposition per flood based on empirical equations. These empirical equations permit the application of the model to estimate of floodplain growth for other floodplains throughout the world which do not have detailed data of sediment deposition during individual floods.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(200002)25:2<115::AID-ESP46>3.0.CO;2-Z","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Troutman, B., 2000, Quantitative model of the growth of floodplains by vertical accretion: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 25, no. 2, p. 115-133, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(200002)25:2<115::AID-ESP46>3.0.CO;2-Z.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"133","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9226e4b0c8380cd806ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022825,"text":"70022825 - 2000 - Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. II. Formation and decomposition of thiosulfate and polythionate in Cinder Pool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T06:57:04","indexId":"70022825","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. II. Formation and decomposition of thiosulfate and polythionate in Cinder Pool","docAbstract":"<p>Cinder Pool is an acid-sulfate-chloride boiling spring in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. The pool is unique in that its surface is partially covered with mm-size, black, hollow sulfur spherules, while a layer of molten sulfur resides at the bottom of the pool (18 m depth). The sulfur speciation in the pool was determined on four different days over a period of two years. Samples were taken to evaluate changes with depth and to evaluate the importance of the sulfur spherules on sulfur redox chemistry. All analyses were conducted on site using a combination of ion chromatography and colorimetric techniques.</p><p>Dissolved sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S), thiosulfate (S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>), polythionates (S<sub>x</sub>O<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup>), and sulfate were detected. The polythionate concentration was highly variable in time and space. The highest concentrations were found in surficial samples taken from among the sulfur spherules. With depth, the polythionate concentrations dropped off. The maximum observed polythionate concentration was 8 μM. Thiosulfate was rather uniformly distributed throughout the pool and concentrations ranged from 35 to 45 μM. Total dissolved sulfide concentrations varied with time, concentrations ranged from 16 to 48 μM. Sulfate was relatively constant, with concentrations ranging from 1150 to 1300 μM. The sulfur speciation of Cinder Pool is unique in that the thiosulfate and polythionate concentrations are significantly higher than for any other acid-sulfate spring yet sampled in Yellowstone National Park. Complementary laboratory experiments show that thiosulfate is the intermediate sulfoxyanion formed from sulfur hydrolysis under conditions similar to those found in Cinder Pool and that polythionates are formed via the oxidation of thiosulfate by dissolved oxygen. This last reaction is catalyzed by pyrite that occurs as a minor constituent in the sulfur spherules floating on the pool's surface. Polythionate decomposition proceeds via two pathways: (1) a reaction with H<sub>2</sub>S, yielding thiosulfate and elemental sulfur; and (2) by disproportionation to sulfate and thiosulfate.</p><p>This study demonstrates that the presence of a subaqueous molten sulfur pool and sulfur spherules in Cinder Pool is of importance in controlling the pathways of aqueous sulfur redox reactions. Some of the insights gained at Cinder Pool may be relevant to acid crater lakes where sulfur spherules are observed and variations in polythionate concentrations are used to monitor and predict volcanic activity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00173-0","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Xu, Y., Schoonen, M., Nordstrom, D.K., Cunningham, K., and Ball, J., 2000, Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. II. Formation and decomposition of thiosulfate and polythionate in Cinder Pool: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 97, no. 1-4, p. 407-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00173-0.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"423","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00173-0"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dd5e4b08c986b31daf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoonen, M.A.A.","contributorId":82479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoonen","given":"M.A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cunningham, K.M.","contributorId":100020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022823,"text":"70022823 - 2000 - Distribution, hydrologic transport, and cycling of total mercury and methyl mercury in a contaminated river-reservoir-wetland system (Sudbury River, eastern Massachusetts)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70022823","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, hydrologic transport, and cycling of total mercury and methyl mercury in a contaminated river-reservoir-wetland system (Sudbury River, eastern Massachusetts)","docAbstract":"Riparian wetlands contaminated with Hg from an industrial point source were found to be important sites of production and release of methyl mercury (MeHg) in a 40-km reach of the Sudbury River in eastern Massachusetts. Stream discharge and concentration measurements were used to calculate annual mean loads for total Hg (??Hg) and MeHg in contaminated river reaches, a reservoir, and a riparian wetland downstream from the industrial source. Budgets based on these loads indicate that the annual mean ??Hg load increased sixfold in a reach receiving flow from the point source, but the annual mean MeHg load did not increase. About 23% of the ??Hg load was removed by sedimentation during flow through the reservoir. Net production of MeHg in the reservoir was similar to that reported elsewhere for lakes receiving Hg from atmospheric deposition only. ??Hg concentrations and loads increased significantly as the river passed through the riparian wetland reach. On the basis of flooded wetland area, net production of MeHg was 15 times greater in the wetland reach than in wetland-associated drainages described in other studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Waldron, M., Colman, J., and Breault, R., 2000, Distribution, hydrologic transport, and cycling of total mercury and methyl mercury in a contaminated river-reservoir-wetland system (Sudbury River, eastern Massachusetts): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 5, p. 1080-1091.","startPage":"1080","endPage":"1091","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0320e4b0c8380cd50358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldron, M.C.","contributorId":33342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colman, J.A.","contributorId":63032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breault, R.F.","contributorId":102117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022621,"text":"70022621 - 2000 - Evidence for edge effects on multiple levels in tallgrass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:27:18","indexId":"70022621","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for edge effects on multiple levels in tallgrass prairie","docAbstract":"We tested how edges affect nest survival and predator distribution in a native tallgrass prairie system in southwestern Missouri using artificial nests, natural nests of Dickcissels (Spiza americana) and Henslow's Sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii), and mammal track stations. Survival of artificial nests was lower within 30 m of forest edge. Nesting success of Dickcissels and Henslow's Sparrows was lower within 50 m to a shrubby edge than at greater distances, whereas fates of nests were not related to distances to roads, agricultural fields, or forests. Evidence from clay eggs placed in artificial nests indicated that mid-sized carnivores were the major predators within 30 m of forest edges. Furthermore, mid-sized carnivores visited track stations most frequently within 50 m of forest edges. Because proximity of woody habitat explained more variation in nest survival and mammal activity than did fragment size, it appears that edge effects were more pronounced than area effects. Edge effects appeared to be caused mainly by greater exposure of nests to midsized carnivores. We argue that, based on edge avoidance behavior, 'grassland-interior' species such as the Henslow's Sparrow respond to edge effects mainly by a decrease in density, whereas habitat generalists such as the Dickcissel are affected mainly by a decrease in nesting success.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0256:EFEEOM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Winter, M., Johnson, D.H., and Faaborg, J., 2000, Evidence for edge effects on multiple levels in tallgrass prairie: Condor, v. 102, no. 2, p. 256-266, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0256:EFEEOM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"256","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol102/iss2/2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d3de4b0c8380cd52ec9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Maiken","contributorId":174790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Maiken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faaborg, John","contributorId":32871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faaborg","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022771,"text":"70022771 - 2000 - A comparison of delta change and downscaled GCM scenarios for three mountainous basins in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-25T16:26:35.337864","indexId":"70022771","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of delta change and downscaled GCM scenarios for three mountainous basins in the United States","docAbstract":"Simulated daily precipitation, temperature, and runoff time series were compared in three mountainous basins in the United States: (1) the Animas River basin in Colorado, (2) the East Fork of the Carson River basin in Nevada and California, and (3) the Cle Elum River basin in Washington State. Two methods of climate scenario generation were compared: delta change and statistical downscaling. The delta change method uses differences between simulated current and future climate conditions from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research (HadCM2) General Circulation Model (GCM) added to observed time series of climate variables. A statistical downscaling (SDS) model was developed for each basin using station data and output from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis regridded to the scale of HadCM2. The SDS model was then used to simulate local climate variables using HadCM2 output for current and future conditions. Surface climate variables from each scenario were used in a precipitation-runoff model. Results from this study show that, in the basins tested, a precipitation-runoff model can simulate realistic runoff series for current conditions using statistically downscaled NCEP output. But, use of downscaled HadCM2 output for current or future climate assessments are questionable because the GCM does not produce accurate estimates of the surface variables needed for runoff in these regions. Given the uncertainties in the GCMs ability to simulate current conditions based on either the delta change or downscaling approaches, future climate assessments based on either of these approaches must be treated with caution.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04276.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Hay, L., Wilby, R., and Leavesley, G., 2000, A comparison of delta change and downscaled GCM scenarios for three mountainous basins in the United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 2, p. 387-397, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04276.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"397","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Nevada, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Animas River, Carson River, Cle Elum River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.874755859375,\n              37.21064411993447\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.85690307617188,\n              37.200253129999126\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.83355712890625,\n              37.210097261395795\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.85415649414062,\n              37.2456348218214\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.84591674804688,\n              37.290442925478196\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.80677795410156,\n              37.40725549559874\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.84934997558594,\n              37.40998258803303\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.90290832519531,\n              37.27241360211579\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.874755859375,\n              37.21064411993447\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.78619384765624,\n              47.455951443369926\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.05560302734376,\n              47.16170753357782\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.99517822265625,\n              47.2549998709802\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.124267578125,\n              47.3704545156932\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25885009765625,\n              47.42622912485741\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74224853515625,\n              47.48565697095909\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.78619384765624,\n              47.455951443369926\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.35797119140625,\n              38.477244528955595\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.62738037109375,\n              38.477244528955595\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.62738037109375,\n              39.35553794109382\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.35797119140625,\n              39.35553794109382\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.35797119140625,\n              38.477244528955595\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e359e4b0c8380cd45faf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilby, R.L.","contributorId":96043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilby","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022624,"text":"70022624 - 2000 - Rice pesticide concentrations in the Colusa Basin Drain and the Sacramento River, California, 1990-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T15:53:31","indexId":"70022624","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Rice pesticide concentrations in the Colusa Basin Drain and the Sacramento River, California, 1990-1993","docAbstract":"The pesticides molinate, thiobencarb, and carbofuran are applied to rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields in the Sacramento Valley, California, each year during April through June. These pesticides are of concern because of their adverse effects on water quality and their potential adverse effects on aquatic life. Therefore, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) mandated the holding of irrigation-return water in rice fields to increase pesticide degradation and dissipation before the water is released to the Sacramento River. The CRWQCB also established performance goals to maintain drinking Water quality for the city of Sacramento and to protect the habitat for aquatic life. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of increased irrigation-return water holding times on rice pesticide concentrations and loads in the Colusa Basin Drain and the Sacramento River. Dissolved pesticide concentrations were measured in water samples collected in May through July during 1990-1993 at the Colusa Basin Drain at Road 99E near Knights Landing (Colusa Basin Drain) and at the Sacramento River at Sacramento. Pesticide concentrations and loads at both sites showed a decrease from 1990-1992 and an increase in 1993. This trend cannot be explained by the yearly holding time regulations but can be explained by the amount of yearly emergency releases. The yearly changes in pesticide concentration detected demonstrate that continued monitoring and management of pesticides is necessary to maintain water quality.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Agronomy Inc","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI, United States","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Crepeau, K., and Kuivila, K., 2000, Rice pesticide concentrations in the Colusa Basin Drain and the Sacramento River, California, 1990-1993, <i>in</i> Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 29, no. 3, p. 926-935.","startPage":"926","endPage":"935","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad53e4b0c8380cd86ea3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crepeau, K.L.","contributorId":9018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crepeau","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022625,"text":"70022625 - 2000 - Selenium concentrations in the Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius): Relationship with flows in the upper Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70022625","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium concentrations in the Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius): Relationship with flows in the upper Colorado River","docAbstract":"A Department of the Interior (DOI) irrigation drainwater study of the Uncompahgre Project area and the Grand Valley in western Colorado revealed high selenium concentrations in water, sediment, and biota samples. The lower Gunnison River and the Colorado River in the study area are designated critical habitat for the endangered Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) and razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus). Because of the endangered status of these fish, sacrificing individuals for tissue residue analysis has been avoided; consequently, little information existed regarding selenium tissue residues. In 1994, muscle plugs were collected from a total of 39 Colorado pikeminnow captured at various Colorado River sites in the Grand Valley for selenium residue analysis. The muscle plugs collected from 16 Colorado pikeminnow captured at Walter Walker State Wildlife Area (WWSWA) contained a mean selenium concentration of 17 ??g/g dry weight, which was over twice the recommended toxic threshold guideline concentration of 8 ??g/g dry weight in muscle tissue for freshwater fish. Because of elevated selenium concentrations in muscle plugs in 1994, a total of 52 muscle plugs were taken during 1995 from Colorado pikeminnow staging at WWSWA. Eleven of these plugs were from fish previously sampled in 1994. Selenium concentrations in 9 of the 11 recaptured fish were significantly lower in 1995 than in 1994. Reduced selenium in fish may in part be attributed to higher instream flows in 1995 and lower water selenium concentrations in the Colorado River in the Grand Valley. In 1996, muscle plugs were taken from 35 Colorado squawfish captured at WWSWA, and no difference in mean selenium concentrations were detected from those sampled in 1995. Colorado River flows during 1996 were intermediate to those measured in 1994 and 1995.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s002449910063","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Osmundson, B.C., May, T., and Osmundson, D., 2000, Selenium concentrations in the Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius): Relationship with flows in the upper Colorado River: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 38, no. 4, p. 479-485, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449910063.","startPage":"479","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208110,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449910063"},{"id":233560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cf0e4b08c986b3181c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osmundson, B. C.","contributorId":15655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osmundson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osmundson, D.B.","contributorId":50328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osmundson","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022753,"text":"70022753 - 2000 - Geochemistry of the Springfield Plateau aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022753","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of the Springfield Plateau aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma, USA","docAbstract":"Geochemical data indicate that the Springfield Plateau aquifer, a carbonate aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in central USA, has two distinct hydrochemical zones. Within each hydrochemical zone, water from springs is geochemically and isotopically different than water from wells. Geochemical data indicate that spring water generally interacts less with the surrounding rock and has a shorter residence time, probably as a result of flowing along discrete fractures and solution openings, than water from wells. Water type throughout most of the aquifer was calcium bicarbonate, indicating that carbonate-rock dissolution is the primary geochemical process occurring in the aquifer. Concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate, dissolved oxygen and tritium indicate that most ground water in the aquifer recharged rapidly and is relatively young (less than 40 years). In general, field-measured properties, concentrations of many chemical constituents, and calcite saturation indices were greater in samples from the northern part of the aquifer (hydrochemical zone A) than in samples from the southern part of the aquifer (hydrochemical zone B). Factors affecting differences in the geochemical composition of ground water between the two zones are difficult to identify, but could be related to differences in chert content and possibly primary porosity, solubility of the limestone, and amount and type of cementation between zone A than in zone B. In addition, specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, concentrations of many chemical constituents and calcite saturation indices were greater in samples from wells than in samples from springs in each hydrochemical zone. In contrast, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nitrite plus nitrate, and chloride generally were greater in samples from springs than in samples from wells. Water from springs generally flows rapidly through large conduits with minimum water-rock interactions. Water from wells flow through small fractures, which restrict flow and increase water-rock interactions. As a result, springs tend to be more susceptible to surface contamination than wells. The results of this study have important implications for the geochemical and hydrogeological processes of similar carbonate aquifers in other geographical locations. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.Geochemical data indicate that the Springfield Plateau carbonate aquifer has two distinct hydrochemical zones. With each hydrochemical zone, water from springs is geochemically and isotopically different from the water from wells. Spring water generally interacts less with the surrounding rock and has a shorter residence time, probably as a result of flowing along discrete fractures and solution openings, than water from wells. Factors affecting the differences in the geochemical composition of groundwater between the two zones are difficult to identify, but could be related to differences in chert content and possibly primary porosity, solubility of the limestone, and amount and type of cementation between zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000415)14:5<849::AID-HYP973>3.0.CO;2-7","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Adamski, J., 2000, Geochemistry of the Springfield Plateau aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 5, p. 849-866, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000415)14:5<849::AID-HYP973>3.0.CO;2-7.","startPage":"849","endPage":"866","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208006,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000415)14:5<849::AID-HYP973>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"id":233348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1721e4b0c8380cd553b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adamski, J.C.","contributorId":51773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adamski","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022661,"text":"70022661 - 2000 - Late-kinematic timing of orogenic gold deposits and significance for computer-based exploration techniques with emphasis on the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T15:40:22.325043","indexId":"70022661","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late-kinematic timing of orogenic gold deposits and significance for computer-based exploration techniques with emphasis on the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia","docAbstract":"<p>Orogenic gold deposits are a widespread coherent group of epigenetic ore deposits that are sited in accretionary or collisional orogens. They formed over a large crustal-depth range from deep-seated low-salinity H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub>±CH<sub>4</sub>±N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>ore fluids and with Au transported as thio-complexes. Regional structures provide the main control on deposit distribution. In many terranes, first-order faults or shear zones appear to have controlled regional fluid flow, with greatest ore-fluid fluxes in, and adjacent to, lower-order faults, shear zones and/or large folds. Highly competent and/or chemically reactive rocks are the most common hosts to the larger deposits. Focusing of supralithostatic ore fluids into dilatant zones appears to occur late during the evolutionary history of the host terranes, normally within D<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>or D<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in a D<sub>1</sub>–D<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>deformation sequence. Reactivation of suitably oriented pre-existing structures during a change in far-field stress orientation is a factor common to many deposits, and repeated reactivation may account for multiple mineralization episodes in some larger deposits. Absolute robust ages of mineralization support their late-kinematic timing, and, in general, suggest that deposits formed diachronously towards the end of the 100 to 200 m.y. long evolutionary history of hosting orogens. For example, in the Yilgarn Block, a region specifically emphasised in this study, orogenic gold deposits formed in the time interval between 40 and 90 m.y., with most about 60 to 70 m.y., after the youngest widespread basic-ultrabasic volcanism and towards the end of felsic magmatism. The late timing of orogenic gold deposits is pivotal to geologically-based exploration methodologies. This is because the present structural geometries of: (i) the deposits, (ii) the hosting goldfields, and (iii) the enclosing terranes are all essentially similar to those during gold mineralization, at least in their relative position to each other. Thus, interpretation of geological maps and cross-sections and three-dimensional models can be used to accurately simulate the physical conditions that existed at the time of ore deposition. It is particularly significant that the deposits are commonly related to repetitive and predictable geometries, such as structural heterogeneities within or adjacent to first-order structures, around rigid granitoid bodies, or in specific “locked-up” fold-thrust structures. Importantly, the two giant greenstone-hosted goldfields, Kalgoorlie and Timmins, show a remarkably similar geometry at the regional scale. Computer-based stress mapping and GIS-based prospectivity mapping are two computer-based quantitative methodologies that can utilize and take advantage of the late timing aspect of this deposit type to provide important geological aids in exploration, both in broad regions and more localized goldfields. Both require an accurate and consistent solid geology map, stress mapping requires knowledge of the far-field stresses during mineralization, and the empirical prospectivity mapping requires data from a significant number of known deposits in the terrane. The Kalgoorlie Terrane, in the Yilgarn Block, meets these criteria, and illustrates the potential of these methodologies in the exploration for orogenic gold deposits. Low minimum stress anomalies, interpreted to represent dilational zones during gold-related deformation, coincide well with the positions of known goldfields rather than individual gold deposits in the terrane, and there are additional as-yet unexplained anomalies. The prospectivity analysis confirms that predictable and repetitive factors controlling the siting of deposits are: (i) proximity to, and orientation and curvature of, granitoid-greenstone contacts, (ii) proximity to segments of crustal faults which strike in a preferred direction, (iii) proximity to specific lithological contacts which have similar preferred strike, (iv) proximity to anticlinal structures, and (v) the presence of preferred reactive host rocks (e.g., dolerite). The prospectivity map defines a series of anomalous areas, which broadly conform to those of the stress map (&gt;78% correspondence). The most prospective category on this map covers less than 0.3% of the greenstone belts and yet hosts 16% of the known deposits, which have produced&gt;80% of known gold. Thus, it discriminates in favour of the larger economically more-attractive deposits in the terrane. The successful application of stress mapping and prospectivity mapping to geology-based exploration for orogenic gold deposits indicates that more quantitative analysis of geological map data is a profitable line of research. The computer-based nature of these methodologies is ideal for the production of an ultimate, integrated, deposit target map, which can be compared to other, more conventional, targeting parameters such as geophysical and geochemical anomalies. Such an integrated strategy appears the way forward in the increasingly difficult task of cost-effective global exploration for orogenic gold deposits in poorly exposed terranes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(00)00002-0","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Groves, D., Goldfarb, R., Knox-Robinson, C.M., Ojala, J., Gardoll, S., Yun, G., and Holyland, P., 2000, Late-kinematic timing of orogenic gold deposits and significance for computer-based exploration techniques with emphasis on the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 17, no. 1-2, p. 1-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(00)00002-0.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","state":"Western Australia","otherGeospatial":"Kalgoorlie Terrane, Yilgarn Block","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              115.77392578125,\n              -34.63320791137958\n            ],\n            [\n              116.47705078125,\n              -35.406960932702\n            ],\n            [\n              118.32275390624999,\n              -35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              120.03662109374999,\n              -34.19817309627724\n            ],\n            [\n              124.01367187499999,\n              -34.107256396631186\n            ],\n            [\n              124.3212890625,\n              -33.321348526698806\n            ],\n            [\n              126.03515625,\n              -32.58384932565661\n            ],\n            [\n              128.32031249999997,\n              -32.19420867287537\n            ],\n            [\n              128.21044921874997,\n              -25.045792240303435\n            ],\n            [\n              116.103515625,\n              -25.20494115356912\n            ],\n            [\n              115.77392578125,\n              -34.63320791137958\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4569e4b0c8380cd672cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knox-Robinson, C. M.","contributorId":8348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knox-Robinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ojala, J.","contributorId":102755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojala","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardoll, S.","contributorId":94820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardoll","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yun, G.Y.","contributorId":38434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yun","given":"G.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holyland, P.","contributorId":77428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holyland","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022769,"text":"70022769 - 2000 - Wintering greater scaup as biomonitors of metal contamination in federal wildlife refuges in the Long Island Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70022769","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wintering greater scaup as biomonitors of metal contamination in federal wildlife refuges in the Long Island Region","docAbstract":"Tissues of greater scaup (Aythya marila mariloides) and components of their habitat (sediment, plankton, macroalgae, and invertebrates) were collected for heavy metal analysis in the winter of 1996-97 from US Department of the Interior wildlife refuges in the Long Island region. Geographic and temporal relationships between the concentration of nine metals in tissue and in habitat components were examined. In greater scaup tissues and habitat components, concentrations of As and Se were highest in Branford, Connecticut; Pb values were greatest in Oyster Bay, New York; and Hg concentrations were largest in Sandy Hook, New Jersey. Over the course of the winter, the concentration of Hg in liver increased, and concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se, and Zn in kidney decreased. Based on several criteria derived from geographic and temporal trends, metals were ranked using the apparent biomonitoring efficacy of greater scaup (As = Cr > Cu = Pb = Zn = Hg > Se = Cd > Ni). Although the seasonal migration and daily mobility of greater scaup are drawbacks to using this species as a sentinel for metal pollution, it was possible to demonstrate a relationship between geographic and temporal patterns of metals in habitat and greater scaup tissue. However, most metal concentrations in tissue were below thresholds known to adversely affect health of waterfowl.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s002449910011","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Cohen, J., Barclay, J., Major, A., and Fisher, J., 2000, Wintering greater scaup as biomonitors of metal contamination in federal wildlife refuges in the Long Island Region: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 83-92, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449910011.","startPage":"83","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208128,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449910011"},{"id":233604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd167e4b08c986b32f3ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, J.B.","contributorId":29914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barclay, J.S.","contributorId":46661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barclay","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Major, A.R.","contributorId":97392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, J.P.","contributorId":105982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022772,"text":"70022772 - 2000 - Comparative habitat ecology of Texas and masked bobwhites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T17:34:10.687628","indexId":"70022772","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative habitat ecology of Texas and masked bobwhites","docAbstract":"<p>The habitat ecology of masked bobwhites (<i>Colinus virginianus ridgwayi</i>) is poorly understood, which hampers recovery efforts for this endangered bird. During 1994-96, we analyzed the habitat ecology of masked bobwhites in Sonora, Mexico, and Arizona, and compared these findings with the habitat ecology of Texas bobwhites (<i>C. v. texanus</i>) in southern Texas. Mean values for the quantity of low screening cover (&lt;50 cm aboveground), operative temperature (<span>°</span>C), and exposure to aerial predators were relatively constant across regions (CV &lt;14.2%), indicating these variables are important in adaptive habitat-use decisions by bobwhites. Bobwhites exhibited preference in all regions for higher canopy coverage of woody vegetation, lower exposure to aerial predators, and lower operative temperatures in comparison with randomly available conditions. The major habitat deficiencies for masked bobwhites were lack of woody and herbaceous cover, which led to high exposure to aerial predators in Sonora and Arizona. High operative temperatures at quail level were associated with the loss of <span>≥</span>24% of potential habitat space-time in Texas, Sonora, and Arizona. Management to improve habitat for masked bobwhites includes any practice that increases canopy coverage of woody vegetation, and height and coverage of herbaceous vegetation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803239","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Guthery, F., King, N., Nolte, K., Kuvlesky, W., DeStefano, S., Gall, S., and Silvy, N., 2000, Comparative habitat ecology of Texas and masked bobwhites: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 2, p. 407-420, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803239.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"420","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": 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F.S.","contributorId":60355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guthery","given":"F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, N.M.","contributorId":20517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nolte, K.R.","contributorId":15741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolte","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuvlesky, W.P. Jr.","contributorId":71674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuvlesky","given":"W.P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gall, S.A.","contributorId":41563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gall","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Silvy, N.J.","contributorId":75665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silvy","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70022665,"text":"70022665 - 2000 - Summary of the MAIA Working Conference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022665","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Summary of the MAIA Working Conference","docAbstract":"From November 30 to December 2, 1998, the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment (MAIA) held a Working Conference in Baltimore, Maryland (USA). The Conference presented the results from several of its activities and programs to scientists, environmental managers, and the general public. The attendees provided feedback on the usefulness of the MAIA program's activities, and suggested additional needs and recommended changes for the future.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","conferenceTitle":"1st Symposium on the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment Program (MAIA)","conferenceDate":"30 November 1998 through 2 December 1998","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1006440930373","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Bradley, M., Brown, B., Hale, S., Kutz, F., Landy, R., Shedlock, R., Mangold, R., Morris, A., Galloway, W., Rosen, J., Pepino, R., and Wiersma, B., 2000, Summary of the MAIA Working Conference, <i>in</i> Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 63, no. 1, Baltimore, MD, USA, 30 November 1998 through 2 December 1998, p. 15-29, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006440930373.","startPage":"15","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208144,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006440930373"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9eeee4b08c986b31e21d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, M.P.","contributorId":20122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, B.S.","contributorId":68613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hale, S.S.","contributorId":64001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kutz, F.W.","contributorId":107992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kutz","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landy, R.B.","contributorId":101360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landy","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shedlock, R.","contributorId":95767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mangold, R.","contributorId":81376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangold","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morris, A.","contributorId":30520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Galloway, W.","contributorId":59699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rosen, J.S.","contributorId":58159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pepino, R.","contributorId":48457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pepino","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wiersma, B.","contributorId":71071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiersma","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70022666,"text":"70022666 - 2000 - Quantifying precambrian crustal extraction: The root is the answer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T19:37:21.477271","indexId":"70022666","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying precambrian crustal extraction: The root is the answer","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id15\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id16\"><p>We use two different methods to estimate the total amount of continental crust that was extracted by the end of the Archean and the Proterozoic. The first method uses the sum of the seismic thickness of the crust, the eroded thickness of the crust, and the trapped melt within the lithospheric root to estimate the total crustal volume. This summation method yields an average equivalent thickness of Archean crust of 49±6&nbsp;km and an average equivalent thickness of Proterozoic crust of 48± 9&nbsp;km. Between 7 and 9% of this crust never reached the surface, but remained within the continental root as congealed, iron-rich komatiitic melt. The second method uses experimental models of melting, mantle xenolith compositions, and corrected lithospheric thickness to estimate the amount of crust extracted through time. This melt column method reveals that the average equivalent thickness of Archean crust was 65±6&nbsp;km, and the average equivalent thickness of Early Proterozoic crust was 60±7&nbsp;km. It is likely that some of this crust remained trapped within the lithospheric root. The discrepancy between the two estimates is attributed to uncertainties in estimates of the amount of trapped, congealed melt, overall crustal erosion, and crustal recycling. Overall, we find that between 29 and 45% of continental crust was extracted by the end of the Archean, most likely by 2.7&nbsp;Ga. Between 51 and 79% of continental crust was extracted by the end of the Early Proterozoic, most likely by 1.8–2.0&nbsp;Ga. Our results are most consistent with geochemical models that call upon moderate amounts of recycling of early extracted continental crust coupled with continuing crustal growth (e.g. McLennan, S.M., Taylor, S.R., 1982. Geochemical constraints on the growth of the continental crust. Journal of Geology, 90, 347–361; Veizer, J., Jansen, S.L., 1985. Basement and sedimentary recycling — 2: time dimension to global tectonics. Journal of Geology 93(6), 625–643). Trapped, congealed, iron-rich melt within the lithospheric root may represent some of the iron that is ‘missing’ from the lower crust. The lower crust within Archean cratons may also have an unexpectedly low iron content because it was extracted from more primitive, undepleted mantle.</p></div></div></div>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00062-7","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Abbott, D., Sparks, D., Herzberg, C., Mooney, W.D., Nikishin, A., and Zhang, Y., 2000, Quantifying precambrian crustal extraction: The root is the answer: Tectonophysics, v. 322, no. 1-2, p. 163-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00062-7.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"322","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d7e4b0c8380cd804c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbott, D.","contributorId":96031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparks, D.","contributorId":68076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herzberg, C.","contributorId":61990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzberg","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nikishin, A.","contributorId":98507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nikishin","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Y.-S.","contributorId":94057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022400,"text":"70022400 - 2000 - Terrain analysis of the racetrack basin and the sliding rocks of Death Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022400","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrain analysis of the racetrack basin and the sliding rocks of Death Valley","docAbstract":"The Racetrack Playa's unusual surface features known as sliding rocks have been the subject of an ongoing debate and several mapping projects for half a century, although the causative mechanism remains unresolved. Clasts ranging in volume from large pebbles to medium boulders have, unwitnessed, maneuvered around the nearly flat dry lake over considerable distances. The controversy has persisted partly because eyewitness accounts of the phenomenon continue to be lacking, and the earlier mapping missions were limited in method and geographic range. In July 1996, we generated the first complete map of all observed sliding rock trails by submeter differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) mapping technology. The resulting map shows 162 sliding rocks and associated trails to an accuracy of approximately 30 cm. Although anemometer data are not available in the Racetrack wilderness, wind is clearly a catalyst for sliding rock activity; an inferred wind rose was constructed from DGPS trail segment data. When the entire trail network is examined in plan, some patterns emerge, although other (perhaps expected relations) remain elusive: terrain analysis of the surrounding topography demonstrates that the length and morphology of trails are more closely related to where rocks rested at the onset of motion than to any physical attribute of the rocks themselves. Follow-up surveys in May 1998, May 1999, August 1999, and November 1999 revealed little modification of the July, 1996 sliding rock configuration. Only four rocks were repositioned during the El Nino winter of 1997-1998, suggesting that activity may not be restricted to winter storms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00042-8","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Messina, P., and Stoffer, P., 2000, Terrain analysis of the racetrack basin and the sliding rocks of Death Valley: Geomorphology, v. 35, no. 3-4, p. 253-265, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00042-8.","startPage":"253","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206711,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00042-8"},{"id":230610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba550e4b08c986b320979","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Messina, P.","contributorId":37518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messina","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoffer, P.","contributorId":55527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffer","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022852,"text":"70022852 - 2000 - Geochemical evidence for an Eolian sand dam across the North and South Platte rivers in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T11:49:53","indexId":"70022852","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for an Eolian sand dam across the North and South Platte rivers in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Geochemical and geomorphic data from dune fields in southwestern Nebraska provide new evidence that the Nebraska Sand Hills once migrated across the North and South Platte rivers and dammed the largest tributary system to the Missouri River. The Lincoln County and Imperial dune fields, which lie downwind of the South Platte River, have compositions intermediate between the Nebraska Sand Hills (quartz-rich) and northeastern Colorado dunes (K-feldspar-rich). The most likely explanation for the intermediate composition is that the Lincoln County and Imperial dunes are derived in part from the Nebraska Sand Hills and in part from the South Platte River. The only mechanism by which the Nebraska Sand Hills could have migrated this far south is by complete infilling of what were probably perennially dry North Platte and South Platte river valleys. Such a series of events would have required an extended drought, both for activation of eolian sand and decreased discharges in the Platte River system. A nearby major tributary of the North Platte River is postulated to have been blocked by eolian sand about 12,000 <sup>14</sup>C yr B.P. We propose that an eolian sand dam across the Plattes was constructed at about this same time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1999.2104","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., Swinehart, J.B., Loope, D.B., Been, J., Mahan, S., and Bush, C.A., 2000, Geochemical evidence for an Eolian sand dam across the North and South Platte rivers in Nebraska: Quaternary Research, v. 53, no. 2, p. 214-222, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2104.","startPage":"214","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208200,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2104"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a162de4b0c8380cd55095","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swinehart, James B.","contributorId":85270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swinehart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loope, David B.","contributorId":59589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Been, Josh","contributorId":19340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Been","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bush, Charles A. cbush@usgs.gov","contributorId":1258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"cbush@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022620,"text":"70022620 - 2000 - Bleached chondrules: Evidence for widespread aqueous processes on the parent asteroids of ordinary chondrites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T17:25:27.355743","indexId":"70022620","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bleached chondrules: Evidence for widespread aqueous processes on the parent asteroids of ordinary chondrites","docAbstract":"<p>We present the first detailed study of a population of texturally distinct chondrules previously described by Kurat (1969), Christophe Michel-Lévy (1976), and Skinner<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(1989) that are sharply depleted in alkalis and Al in their outer portions. These “bleached” chondrules, which are exclusively radial pyroxene and cryptocrystalline in texture, have porous outer zones where mesostasis has been lost. Bleached chondrules are present in all type 3 ordinary chondrites and are present in lower abundances in types 4–6. They are most abundant in the L and LL groups, apparently less common in H chondrites, and absent in enstatite chondrites. We used x-ray mapping and traditional electron microprobe techniques to characterize bleached chondrules in a cross section of ordinary chondrites. We studied bleached chondrules from Semarkona by ion microprobe for trace elements and H isotopes, and by transmission electron microscopy. Chondrule bleaching was the result of low-temperature alteration by aqueous fluids flowing through finegrained chondrite matrix prior to thermal metamorphism. During aqueous alteration, interstitial glass dissolved and was partially replaced by phyllosilicates, troilite was altered to pentlandite, but pyroxene was completely unaffected. Calcium-rich zones formed at the inner margins of the bleached zones, either as the result of the early stages of metamorphism or because of fluid-chondrule reaction. The mineralogy of bleached chondrules is extremely sensitive to thermal metamorphism in type 3 ordinary chondrites, and bleached zones provide a favorable location for the growth of metamorphic minerals in higher petrologic types. The ubiquitous presence of bleached chondrules in ordinary chondrites implies that they all experienced aqueous alteration early in their asteroidal histories, but there is no relationship between the degree of alteration and metamorphic grade. A correlation between the oxidation state of chondrite groups and their degree of aqueous alteration is consistent with the source of water being either accreted ices or water released during oxidation of organic matter. Ordinary chondrites were probably open systems after accretion, and aqueous fluids may have carried volatile elements with them during dehydration. Individual radial pyroxene and cryptocrystalline chondrules were certainly open systems in all chondrites that experienced aqueous alteration leading to bleaching.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01429.x","issn":"10869379","usgsCitation":"Grossman, J.N., Alexander, C.M., Wang, J., and Brearley, A., 2000, Bleached chondrules: Evidence for widespread aqueous processes on the parent asteroids of ordinary chondrites: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 35, no. 3, p. 467-486, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01429.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"486","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479303,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01429.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1e1e4b0c8380cd4ae99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, C. M. O’D.","contributorId":105418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. O’D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Jingyuan","contributorId":10771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jingyuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brearley, A.J.","contributorId":73773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brearley","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022857,"text":"70022857 - 2000 - The use of waveform shapes to automatically determine earthquake focal depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T18:46:03.703398","indexId":"70022857","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of waveform shapes to automatically determine earthquake focal depth","docAbstract":"Earthquake focal depth is an important parameter for rapidly determining probable damage caused by a large earthquake. In addition, it is significant both for discriminating between natural events and explosions and for discriminating between tsunamigenic and nontsunamigenic earthquakes. For the purpose of notifying emergency management and disaster relief organizations as well as issuing tsunami warnings, potential time delays in determining source parameters are particularly detrimental. We present a method for determining earthquake focal depth that is well suited for implementation in an automated system that utilizes the wealth of broadband teleseismic data that is now available in real time from the global seismograph networks. This method uses waveform shapes to determine focal depth and is demonstrated to be valid for events with magnitudes as low as approximately 5.5.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0119990069","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., 2000, The use of waveform shapes to automatically determine earthquake focal depth: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 90, no. 1, p. 248-254, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990069.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"254","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1a0e4b08c986b325378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022858,"text":"70022858 - 2000 - Plants as indicators of focused ground water discharge to a northern Minnesota lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T16:46:58.428024","indexId":"70022858","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plants as indicators of focused ground water discharge to a northern Minnesota lake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Determining the discharge of ground water to Shingobee Lake (66 ha), north-central Minnesota, is complicated by the presence of numerous springs situated adjacent to the lake and in the shallow portion of the lakebed. Springs first had to be located before these areas of more rapid discharge could be quantified. Two methods that rely on the distribution of aquatic plants are useful for locating springs. One method identifies areas of the near-shore lakebed where floating-leaf and emergent aquatic vegetation are absent. The second method uses the distribution of marsh marigold (Caltha palustris L.) to locate springs that discharge on land near the shoreline of the lake. Marsh marigold produces large (2 to 4 cm diameter) yellow flowers that provide a ready marker for locating ground water springs. Twice as many springs (38) were identified using this method as were identified using the lack of near-shore vegetation. A portable weir was used to measure discharge from onshore springs, and seepage meters were used to measure discharge from near-shore springs. Of the total 56.7 L s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;that enters the lake from ground water, approximately 30% comes from onshore and near-shore springs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Westerville, OH, United States","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00340.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D., Striegl, R.G., and Hudson, D., 2000, Plants as indicators of focused ground water discharge to a northern Minnesota lake: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 2, p. 296-303, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00340.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"303","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Shingobee Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n 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