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,{"id":93824,"text":"93824 - 2000 - Avian inventory of Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, Kansas 1998-1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:58","indexId":"93824","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Avian inventory of Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, Kansas 1998-1999","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center; University of Arkansas, Department of Biological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Fayetteville, AR","usgsCitation":"Lichtenberg, J., and Powell, A., 2000, Avian inventory of Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, Kansas 1998-1999, 38 pp.","productDescription":"38 pp.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichtenberg, J.S.","contributorId":67449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichtenberg","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022504,"text":"70022504 - 2000 - Calcite crystal growth inhibition by humic substances with emphasis on hydrophobic acids from the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:26:41","indexId":"70022504","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcite crystal growth inhibition by humic substances with emphasis on hydrophobic acids from the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id9\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id10\"><p>The crystallization of calcium carbonate minerals plays an integral role in the water chemistry of terrestrial ecosystems. Humic substances, which are ubiquitous in natural waters, have been shown to reduce or inhibit calcite crystal growth in experiments. The purpose of this study is to quantify and understand the kinetic effects of hydrophobic organic acids isolated from the Florida Everglades and a fulvic acid from Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, on the crystal growth of calcite (CaCO<sub>3</sub>). Highly reproducible calcite growth experiments were performed in a sealed reactor at constant pH, temperature, supersaturation (Ω = 4.5), P<sub>CO</sub><sub>2</sub>(10<sup>−3.5</sup>atm), and ionic strength (0.1 M) with various concentrations of organic acids. Higher plant-derived aquatic hydrophobic acids from the Everglades were more effective growth inhibitors than microbially derived fulvic acid from Lake Fryxell. Organic acid aromaticity correlated strongly with growth inhibition. Molecular weight and heteroatom content correlated well with growth inhibition, whereas carboxyl content and aliphatic nature did not.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00179-9","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hoch, A., Reddy, M., and Aiken, G., 2000, Calcite crystal growth inhibition by humic substances with emphasis on hydrophobic acids from the Florida Everglades: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, no. 1, p. 61-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00179-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":206617,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00179-9"},{"id":230389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.97448730468749,\n              24.943728712051445\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.99969482421875,\n              24.943728712051445\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.99969482421875,\n              26.45090222367262\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.97448730468749,\n              26.45090222367262\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.97448730468749,\n              24.943728712051445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2f3e4b0c8380cd4b4dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoch, A.R.","contributorId":71711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoch","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81484,"text":"81484 - 2000 - Obsidian hydration dating of Quaternary events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:02","indexId":"81484","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Obsidian hydration dating of Quaternary events","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Geochronology, Methods and Applications: AGU Reference Shelf 4","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., and Friedman, I., 2000, Obsidian hydration dating of Quaternary events, chap. <i>of</i> Quaternary Geochronology, Methods and Applications: AGU Reference Shelf 4, p. 223-240.","productDescription":"223-240","startPage":"223","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6963e0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Noller, J.S.","contributorId":49837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noller","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504174,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sowers, J.M.","contributorId":89546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504176,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lettis, W. R.","contributorId":72842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettis","given":"W. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504175,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":95440,"text":"95440 - 2000 - The effects of egg oiling on fish consumption by double-crested cormorants on Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:53","indexId":"95440","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"The effects of egg oiling on fish consumption by double-crested cormorants on Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"1999 Annual Report: Bureau of Fisheries Lake Ontario Unit and St. Lawrence River Unit to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission's Lake Ontario Committee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Fish, Wildlife and Marine Resources","collaboration":"00-093/NF","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Ross, R.M., and Farquhar, J., 2000, The effects of egg oiling on fish consumption by double-crested cormorants on Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario, v. 15, p. 1-7.","productDescription":"p. 1-7","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dfaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farquhar, J.","contributorId":44101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farquhar","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":95433,"text":"95433 - 2000 - Thiamine status of Tennessee and Great Lakes walleye populations: Report on early mortality syndrome workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:53","indexId":"95433","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Thiamine status of Tennessee and Great Lakes walleye populations: Report on early mortality syndrome workshop","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Board of Technical Experts Briefing Book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","collaboration":"01-064/NF","usgsCitation":"Honeyfield, D., Vandergoot, C., Bettoli, P., Hinterkopf, J.P., and Zajicek, J., 2000, Thiamine status of Tennessee and Great Lakes walleye populations: Report on early mortality syndrome workshop, <i>in</i> Board of Technical Experts Briefing Book.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cecb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Honeyfield, D. C. 0000-0003-3034-2047","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-2047","contributorId":73136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeyfield","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":299119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandergoot, C.S.","contributorId":77080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergoot","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettoli, P.W.","contributorId":80606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinterkopf, J. P.","contributorId":11145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinterkopf","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zajicek, J.L.","contributorId":87086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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,{"id":70170401,"text":"70170401 - 2000 - Stress resistance strategy in an arid land shrub: interactions between developmental instability and fractal dimention","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:56:11","indexId":"70170401","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress resistance strategy in an arid land shrub: interactions between developmental instability and fractal dimention","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper investigates allocation of energy to mechanisms that generate and preserve architectural forms (i.e. developmental stability, complexity of branching patterns) and productivity (growth and reproduction) in response to environmental disturbances (i.e. grazing and resource availability). The statistical error in translational symmetry was used to detect random intra-individual variability during development. This can be thought of as a measure of developmental instability caused by stress. Additionally, we use changes in fractal complexity and shoot distribution of branch structures as an alternate indicator of stress. These methods were applied to&nbsp;</span><i>Anthyllis cytisoides</i><span>&nbsp;L., a semi-arid environment shrub, to ascertain the effect of grazing and slope exposure on developmental traits in a 2&times;2 factorial design. The results show that&nbsp;</span><i>A. cytisoides</i><span>maintains developmental stability at the expense of productivity.&nbsp;</span><i>Anthyllis cytisoides</i><span>&nbsp;was developmentally more stable when grazed and when on south-facing, as opposed to north-facing slopes. On the contrary, shoot length, leaf area, fractal dimension and reproductive-to-vegetative allocation ratio were larger in north- than in south-facing slopes. As a consequence, under extreme xeric conditions, shrub mortality increased in north-facing slopes, especially when not grazed. The removal of transpiring area and the reduction of plant competition favoured developmental stability and survival in grazed plants. Differences between grazed and ungrazed plants were most evident in more mesic (north-facing) areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/jare.2000.0641","usgsCitation":"Escos, J., Alados, C., Pugnaire, F., Puigdefabregas, J., and Emlen, J., 2000, Stress resistance strategy in an arid land shrub: interactions between developmental instability and fractal dimention: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 45, no. 4, p. 325-336, https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2000.0641.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"336","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/122856","text":"External Repository"},{"id":320196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571756e7e4b0ef3b7caa62d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Escos, J.","contributorId":44311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escos","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alados, C.L.","contributorId":22925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alados","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pugnaire, F. I.","contributorId":168723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pugnaire","given":"F. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Puigdefabregas, J.","contributorId":168724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puigdefabregas","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Emlen, J.","contributorId":168726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70170394,"text":"70170394 - 2000 - Forecasting survival and passage of migratory juvenile salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T15:10:42","indexId":"70170394","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting survival and passage of migratory juvenile salmonids","docAbstract":"<p><span>We developed methods to forecast survival and cumulative percent passage for subyearling chinook salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>&nbsp;at a dam to help managers effectively time the release of reservoir water to mitigate for passage delays and reduced survival. We tagged Snake River subyearling chinook salmon upstream of a dam from 1993 to 1998 and determined when a subsample of the tagged fish passed the dam. We randomly selected data (1993, 1994, 1996, and 1998) to develop a quadratic discriminant function for predicting which fish would survive to the dam and to develop a multiple-regression equation to predict the date survivors would pass the dam. We used the predicted passage dates within a year to calculate a daily cumulative percent passage forecast and then calculated a 90% forecast interval that varied by year, depending on the number of predicted survivors. We validated the forecast method using data for 1995 and 1997. The 1995 forecasted passage curve differed from the observed passage curve for 25 d of the 168-d emigration season. The 1997 forecasted and observed passage curves were similar for the entire 168-d emigration season. The 90% forecast interval was &plusmn;18.8% in 1995 and &plusmn;22.4% in 1997. We conclude that our method is a valid tool for in-season water management but acknowledge the potential for interannual variability in forecast performance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2000)020<0651:FSAPOM>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Connor, W.P., Steinhorst, R., and Burge, H.L., 2000, Forecasting survival and passage of migratory juvenile salmonids: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 20, no. 3, p. 651-660, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2000)020<0651:FSAPOM>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"660","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571756b5e4b0ef3b7caa6016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, William P.","contributorId":107589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16677,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, 276 Dworshak Complex Drive, Orofino, ID  83544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinhorst, R. Kirk","contributorId":56950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinhorst","given":"R. Kirk","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burge, Howard L.","contributorId":156291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burge","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12543,"text":"U.S. FWS, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, Ahsahka, ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170392,"text":"70170392 - 2000 - Molecular epidemiology reveals emergence of a virulent infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus strain in wild salmon and its transmission to hatchery fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-01T14:33:36","indexId":"70170392","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular epidemiology reveals emergence of a virulent infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus strain in wild salmon and its transmission to hatchery fish","docAbstract":"<p><span>Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) has been known to be a significant salmonid pathogen in the Pacific Northwest of North America for decades. The goal of this study was to characterize the IHNV genetic heterogeneity and viral traffic over time at a study site in the Deschutes River watershed in Oregon, with an emphasis on the epidemiology of IHNV types causing epidemics in wild kokanee&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i><span>between 1991 and 1995. The study site included kokanee spawning grounds in the Metolius River and Lake Billy Chinook downstream, in which the IHNV epidemics occurred in 2- and 3-year-old kokanee, and the Round Butte Fish Hatchery at the outflow of the lake. Forty-two IHNV isolates collected from this area between 1975 and 1995 were characterized on a genetic basis by ribonuclease (RNase) protection fingerprint analyses of the virus nucleocapsid, glycoprotein, and nonvirion genes. Analysis of the 16 identified composite haplotypes suggested that both virus evolution and introduction of new IHNV strains contributed to the genetic diversity observed. The results indicated that the 1991&ndash;1995 epidemics in kokanee from Lake Billy Chinook were due to a newly introduced IHNV type that was first detected in spawning adult kokanee in 1988 and that this virus type was transmitted from the wild kokanee to hatchery fish downstream in 1991. Twelve IHNV haplotypes were found at Round Butte Fish Hatchery, indicating a series of virus displacement events during the 20-year period examined. This work shows that IHNV traffic can be much more complex than was previously recognized, and the results have implications for fisheries management at the hatchery and throughout the watershed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(200006)012<0085:MEREOA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Anderson, E., Engelking, H.M., Emmenegger, E.J., and Kurath, G., 2000, Molecular epidemiology reveals emergence of a virulent infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus strain in wild salmon and its transmission to hatchery fish: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 12, no. 2, p. 85-99, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(200006)012<0085:MEREOA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"99","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.25473022460936,\n              44.72039289103473\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.30004882812499,\n              44.653024159812\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.32339477539062,\n              44.60806814444478\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.51290893554688,\n              44.67255939212045\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.60079956054689,\n              44.67548910920999\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.66259765625001,\n              44.59633476144439\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.65710449218749,\n              44.51413472987111\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.68045043945312,\n              44.46221068235642\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.62002563476562,\n              44.44652641501047\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.58020019531249,\n              44.57677385713505\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.53350830078124,\n              44.62761851676016\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.46621704101562,\n              44.569925985528336\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.35360717773438,\n              44.55329208318493\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.33026123046874,\n              44.50825885600572\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.24649047851562,\n              44.51805165000559\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.22726440429688,\n              44.583620922396136\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.19842529296875,\n              44.7018498980029\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.212158203125,\n              44.72917434046452\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25473022460936,\n              44.72039289103473\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571756e3e4b0ef3b7caa626b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Eric D.","contributorId":213888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric D.","affiliations":[{"id":38922,"text":"Maine BioTek Inc., Winterport, ME 04496, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engelking, H. Mark","contributorId":168718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelking","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":16267,"text":"Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emmenegger, Eveline J. 0000-0001-5217-6030 eemmenegger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-6030","contributorId":2434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"Eveline","email":"eemmenegger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170399,"text":"70170399 - 2000 - The role of biotechnology in the detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum infections in salmonid fishes-promises and pitfalls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T18:18:18.276611","indexId":"70170399","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1114,"text":"Bulletin of the Aquaculture Association of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The role of biotechnology in the detection of <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> infections in salmonid fishes-promises and pitfalls","title":"The role of biotechnology in the detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum infections in salmonid fishes-promises and pitfalls","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the special session 'Biotechnology: What does it mean to growers?'","conferenceDate":"May 29, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Moncton, New Bruinswick, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Aquaculture Association of Canada","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D., 2000, The role of biotechnology in the detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum infections in salmonid fishes-promises and pitfalls: Bulletin of the Aquaculture Association of Canada, v. 100, no. 3, p. 6-12.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://aquacultureassociation.ca/publications/"},{"id":324602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f303e4b07dd077c6add1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70187686,"text":"70187686 - 2000 - The bedrock geology of Seattle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-14T09:08:31","indexId":"70187686","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5396,"text":" Northwest Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":15}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"The bedrock geology of Seattle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":" Northwest Geological Society","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"Haugerud, R., and Haeussler, P.J., 2000, The bedrock geology of Seattle:  Northwest Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook Series 13, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nwgs.org/field_trip_guides/field_trip_guides_removed.htm","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59196ca0e4b044b359e489e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugerud, R. A. 0000-0001-7302-4351","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":42953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170408,"text":"70170408 - 2000 - The dose-dependent effect on protection and humoral response to a DNA vaccine against Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN) virus in subyearling rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:41:30","indexId":"70170408","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dose-dependent effect on protection and humoral response to a DNA vaccine against Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN) virus in subyearling rainbow trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>A dose&ndash;response study that used the DNA vaccine pIHNw-G against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) showed that complete and highly significant (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.001) protection against a virus injection challenge can be attained in subyearling rainbow trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;(145&ndash;160 g, 8- to 10-months-old) 6 weeks after a single intramuscular injection with doses as low as 1 &mu;g. Complete protection was also reproducibly demonstrated at higher vaccine doses; however, no protection was observed with a 0.1-&mu;g dose. Virus-neutralizing antibody titers were detected in fish that had been vaccinated with different doses of the DNA vaccine and then sham-infected; there appeared to be a dose-dependent effect, with higher titers obtained with higher doses of vaccine. The DNA-vaccinated animals that survived virus challenge had significantly (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) higher neutralizing antibody titers than sham-infected, DNA-vaccinated control fish. Additionally, the titers detected in the IHN survivors exhibited a significant (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) dose-dependent effect, with the highest titers being present in fish that received the highest vaccine doses.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2000)012<0181:FDDEOP>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"LaPatra, S.E., Corbeil, S., Jones, G.R., Shewmaker, W.D., and Kurath, G., 2000, The dose-dependent effect on protection and humoral response to a DNA vaccine against Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN) virus in subyearling rainbow trout: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 12, no. 3, p. 181-188, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2000)012<0181:FDDEOP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"188","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571756fbe4b0ef3b7caa63e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaPatra, Scott E.","contributorId":67392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPatra","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corbeil, Serge","contributorId":168480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corbeil","given":"Serge","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25304,"text":"CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong Victoria, 3220, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Gerald R.","contributorId":168733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shewmaker, William D.","contributorId":168734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shewmaker","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1016154,"text":"1016154 - 2000 - Seasonal variation in concentrations of fiber, crude protein, and phenolic compounds in leaves of red alder (Alnus rubra): Nutritional implications for cervids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T13:36:00","indexId":"1016154","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2205,"text":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Seasonal variation in concentrations of fiber, crude protein, and phenolic compounds in leaves of red alder (<i>Alnus rubra</i>): Nutritional implications for cervids","title":"Seasonal variation in concentrations of fiber, crude protein, and phenolic compounds in leaves of red alder (Alnus rubra): Nutritional implications for cervids","docAbstract":"<p>We sought to determine whether changes in chemical composition could be a factor in increased utilization of red alder (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Alnus rubra</i>) by the two cervids, the Columbian black-tailed deer (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Odocoileus hemionus columbianus</i>) and Roosevelt elk (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Cervus elaphus roosevelti</i>), during the fall in parts of the Douglas fir region of the Pacific Northwest. We found that concentrations and astringency of phenolic compounds decreased from spring through fall, while crude protein content remained high. We conclude that red alder leaves provide a significant source of digestible protein for cervids during fall, when availability of nutrients in most forage species is generally declining.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1005462100010","usgsCitation":"Gonzalez-Hernandez, M.P., Starkey, E.E., and Karchesy, J., 2000, Seasonal variation in concentrations of fiber, crude protein, and phenolic compounds in leaves of red alder (Alnus rubra): Nutritional implications for cervids: Journal of Chemical Ecology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 293-301, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005462100010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"301","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonzalez-Hernandez, M. P.","contributorId":42566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez-Hernandez","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starkey, Edward E.","contributorId":29778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starkey","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karchesy, J.","contributorId":52541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karchesy","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185320,"text":"70185320 - 2000 - Temporal variability in abundance of Marbled Murrelets at sea in southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T13:22:35","indexId":"70185320","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variability in abundance of Marbled Murrelets at sea in southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined effects of season, time of day, tide stage, tidal oscillation, and sea surface temperature on Marbled Murrelet (<i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i>) abundance and distribution at sea. We also evaluated whether constraining surveys to specific time periods or tide stages would reduce temporal variability in counts. Murrelets were surveyed daily from small boats and from shore in Auke Bay and Fritz Cove, Alaska, from May through August in 1992 and 1993. Murrelet numbers were high before egg-laying, declined by more than half during egg-laying and incubation and were highly variable during chick-rearing and fledging. Murrelet numbers were highest in early and late morning and declined throughout the day, sometimes increasing slightly in the evening. Peak murrelet numbers occurred on high or falling morning tides, especially in shallow areas where Pacific sand lance (<i>Ammodytes hexapterus</i>) were abundant. Differences between years in murrelet abundance and breeding phenology probably resulted from interannual differences in the pattern of seasonal warming and subsequent effects on production at lower trophic levels. We recommend that surveys for trends in abundance in Southeast Alaska be conducted in early morning, in June, at high or falling tides. Power analyses indicated that surveys conducted in this manner would minimize the number of years required to detect a significant change in abundance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1522174","usgsCitation":"Speckman, S., Springer, A.M., Piatt, J.F., and Thomas, D., 2000, Temporal variability in abundance of Marbled Murrelets at sea in southeast Alaska: Waterbirds, v. 23, no. 3, p. 364-377, https://doi.org/10.2307/1522174.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"364","endPage":"377","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Auke Bay, Fritz Cove","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -134.71023559570312,\n              58.30750484708284\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.60037231445312,\n              58.30750484708284\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.60037231445312,\n              58.38965714104483\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.71023559570312,\n              58.38965714104483\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.71023559570312,\n              58.30750484708284\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1be4b0236b68f67371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Springer, Alan M. ams@ims.uaf.edu","contributorId":172461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"Alan","email":"ams@ims.uaf.edu","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, Dana","contributorId":187556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162307,"text":"70162307 - 2000 - Determining the size of American alligators using hind-foot track length","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T10:42:06","indexId":"70162307","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3139,"text":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the size of American alligators using hind-foot track length","docAbstract":"<p><span>Size distribution information is useful for crocodilian management, but can be hard to obtain. Indirect and less costly demographic inferences made from track measurements may be valuable for management decisions. We related hind-foot lengths (HF) with total length (TL) to determine if we could indirectly assess alligator size using track length. Regression showed that HF was an excellent predictor (F1,246= 15722.9, R2=0.98, P&lt;0.01) of TL and track length was an exceptional predictor of HF (F1,14=7520.3, R2= 1.00, P&lt;0.01). The correlation between track length and HF length also was significant (N= 15, r=0.99, P &lt;0.01). Thus, alligator size can be accurately estimated from measures of track length at sites where capture and direct measurement is impractical.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Wilkinson, P.M., and Rice, K.G., 2000, Determining the size of American alligators using hind-foot track length: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 54, p. 337-340.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"340","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314578,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/html/proceedings/index.php?article=11523&key=2000&page=6#details"},{"id":314579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f46e4b0961cf2811bd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkinson, Philip M.","contributorId":86001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-8282-1088 krice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Kenneth","email":"krice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162303,"text":"70162303 - 2000 - Estimating sighting proportions of American alligator nests during helicopter survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-19T18:19:38","indexId":"70162303","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3139,"text":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating sighting proportions of American alligator nests during helicopter survey","docAbstract":"<p><span>Proportions of American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) nests sighted during aerial survey in Florida were estimated based upon multiple surveys by different observers. We compared sighting proportions across habitats, nesting seasons, and observer experience levels. The mean sighting proportion across all habitats and years was 0.736 (SE=0.024). Survey counts corrected by the mean sighting proportion reliably predicted total nest counts (7?2=0.933). Sighting proportions did not differ by habitat type (P=0.668) or year P=0.328). Experienced observers detected a greater proportion of nests (P&lt;0.0001) than did either less experienced or inexperienced observers. Reliable estimates of nest abundance can be derived from aerial counts of alligator nests when corrected by the appropriate sighting proportion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southeaster Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.G., Percival, H.F., and Woodward, A., 2000, Estimating sighting proportions of American alligator nests during helicopter survey: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 54, p. 314-321.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"314","endPage":"321","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/html/proceedings/index.php?article=11472&key=2000&page=5#details"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f47e4b0961cf2811be3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-8282-1088 krice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Kenneth","email":"krice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Percival, H. Franklin percivalf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.","email":"percivalf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":589168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodward, Allan R.","contributorId":12751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Allan R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033610,"text":"70033610 - 2000 - Non-destructive measurement of soil liquefaction density change by crosshole radar tomography, Treasure Island, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T15:51:14","indexId":"70033610","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Non-destructive measurement of soil liquefaction density change by crosshole radar tomography, Treasure Island, California","docAbstract":"A ground penetrating radar (GPR) experiment at the Treasure Island Test Site [TILT] was performed to non-destructively image the soil column for changes in density prior to, and following, a liquefaction event. The intervening liquefaction was achieved by controlled blasting. A geotechnical borehole radar technique was used to acquire high-resolution 2-D radar velocity data. This method of non-destructive site characterization uses radar trans-illumination surveys through the soil column and tomographic data manipulation techniques to construct radar velocity tomograms, from which averaged void ratios can be derived at 0.25 - 0.5m pixel footprints. Tomograms of void ratio were constructed through the relation between soil porosity and dielectric constant. Both pre- and post-blast tomograms were collected and indicate that liquefaction related densification occurred at the site. Volumetric strains estimated from the tomograms correlate well with the observed settlement at the site. The 2-D imagery of void ratio can serve as high-resolution data layers for numerical site response analysis.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Sessions of Geo-Denver 2000 - Computer Simulation of Earthquake Effects, GSP 110","conferenceTitle":"Sessions of Geo-Denver 2000 - Computer Simulation of Earthquake Effects, GSP 110","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40523(298)3","isbn":"9780784405239","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., Barnhardt, W., Ashford, S., and Rollins, K., 2000, Non-destructive measurement of soil liquefaction density change by crosshole radar tomography, Treasure Island, California, v. 298, https://doi.org/10.1061/40523(298)3.","startPage":"52","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40523(298)3"},{"id":242056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"298","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a673be4b0c8380cd7322a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. rkayen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert E.","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":441658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnhardt, Walter A.","contributorId":80656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"Walter A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ashford, Scott","contributorId":51401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashford","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rollins, Kyle","contributorId":53614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollins","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70178135,"text":"70178135 - 2000 - Bird use of stock ponds along the Rio Grande northwest of Laredo, Webb County, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-03T13:02:41","indexId":"70178135","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Bird use of stock ponds along the Rio Grande northwest of Laredo, Webb County, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and aquatic birds: Monitoring, modelling and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán","publisherLocation":"Mérida, Mexico","usgsCitation":"Woodin, M., Skoruppa, M., and Hickman, G., 2000, Bird use of stock ponds along the Rio Grande northwest of Laredo, Webb County, Texas, USA, chap. <i>of</i> Limnology and aquatic birds: Monitoring, modelling and management, p. 24-27.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc5e4b09688d6e91001","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Comlin, F. A.","contributorId":176636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comlin","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652931,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrera, J. A.","contributorId":176637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrera","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652932,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramirez-Ramirez, Javier","contributorId":112724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramirez-Ramirez","given":"Javier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652933,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Woodin, M.C.","contributorId":97307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodin","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skoruppa, M.K.","contributorId":39189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skoruppa","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickman, G.C.","contributorId":15823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178132,"text":"70178132 - 2000 - Biomonitoring and ecotoxicology: Fish as indicators of pollution-induced stress in aquatic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-03T12:40:40","indexId":"70178132","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Biomonitoring and ecotoxicology: Fish as indicators of pollution-induced stress in aquatic systems","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NHBS","usgsCitation":"Cleveland, L., Fairchild, J., and Little, E.E., 2000, Biomonitoring and ecotoxicology: Fish as indicators of pollution-induced stress in aquatic systems, p. 195-232.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"232","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nhbs.com/title/view?tefno=97958"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc5e4b09688d6e91006","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gerhardt, A.","contributorId":113379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhardt","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652912,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Cleveland, L.","contributorId":82084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003661,"text":"1003661 - 2000 - Algal layer thickness in Parmelia sulcata as an environmental indicator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T17:12:12.632697","indexId":"1003661","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Algal layer thickness in <i>Parmelia sulcata</i> as an environmental indicator","title":"Algal layer thickness in Parmelia sulcata as an environmental indicator","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Botany 2000: New Frontiers in Botany","conferenceDate":"August 6-10, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Portland, Oregon, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., 2000, Algal layer thickness in Parmelia sulcata as an environmental indicator: American Journal of Botany, v. 87, no. 6S, p. 3-3.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"3","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411430,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://2000.botanyconference.org/section1/abstracts/12.shtml"}],"volume":"87","issue":"6S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, J. P.","contributorId":52103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022615,"text":"70022615 - 2000 - Change in field turbidity and trace element concentrations during well purging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T16:33:43.228146","indexId":"70022615","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Change in field turbidity and trace element concentrations during well purging","docAbstract":"<p>Various physical and chemical properties were monitored sequentially in the field during well purging as indicators of stabilization of the composition of the water in the well. Turbidity was monitored on site during purging of oxic water from three wells with screened intervals open to an unconfined aquifer system in the Coastal Plain of southern New Jersey to determine if stabilization of turbidity is a reliable indicator of the optimum purge time required to collect unbiased trace element samples. Concurrent split (one filtered, one unfiltered) samples collected during purging of the wells were analyzed for concentrations of trace elements so that the relationships between trace element concentrations and turbidity could be compared.</p><p>Turbidity correlated with the whole water recoverable (WWR) concentration of trace element species, such as iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) in the oxic ground water. Turbidity appeared to be independent of other field-measured characteristics of water such as conductivity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. The WWR concentration of lead and copper, considered to be hydrophobic, correlated significantly with the sum of the WWR concentration of Fe, Al, and Mn. High values of field-measured turbidity were a key indicator of an overestimate of ambient hydrophobic trace element WWR concentrations. Stabilization of turbidity was a better indicator of stable, unfiltered trace element concentrations than were the other commonly measured field characteristics. At one well, turbidity was a better indicator of stable, filtered trace element concentrations than the other commonly measured field characteristics. As analytical methods for trace elements improve resulting in smaller MRLs (method reporting levels) and better precision, turbidity of ground water at values of less than 10 NTU (nepheiometric turbidity units) will become important in interpreting the significance of both unfiltered and filtered sample results.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00250.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Gibs, J., Szabo, Z., Ivahnenko, T., and Wilde, F., 2000, Change in field turbidity and trace element concentrations during well purging: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 4, p. 577-588, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00250.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"588","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.2783203125,\n              39.01918369029134\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.828125,\n              39.01918369029134\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.828125,\n              41.02964338716638\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2783203125,\n              41.02964338716638\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2783203125,\n              39.01918369029134\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f401e4b0c8380cd4baa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibs, J.","contributorId":91632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivahnenko, T.","contributorId":20495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilde, F.D.","contributorId":50933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022645,"text":"70022645 - 2000 - Effect of a constructed wetland on disinfection byproducts: Removal processes and production of precursors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:44:06","indexId":"70022645","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of a constructed wetland on disinfection byproducts: Removal processes and production of precursors","docAbstract":"The fate of halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in treatment wetlands and the changes in the DBP formation potential as wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)-derived water moves through the wetlands were investigated. Wetland inlet and outlet samples were analyzed for total organic halide (TOX), trihalomethanes (TH M), haloacetic acids (HAA), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and UV absorbance. Removal of DBPs by the wetland ranged from 13 to 55% for TOX, from 78 to 97% for THM, and from 67 to 96% for HAA. The 24-h and 7-day nonpurgeable total organic halide (NPTOX), THM, and HAA formation potential yields were determined at the inlet and outlet of these wetlands. The effect of wetlands on the production of DBP precursors and their DBP-formation potential yield from wastewater was dramatic. The wetlands increased DBP yield up to a factor of almost 30. Specific changes in the DOC precursors were identified using 13C NMR spectroscopy.The fate of halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in treatment wetlands and the changes in the DBP formation potential as wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)-derived water moves through the wetlands were investigated. Wetland inlet and outlet samples were analyzed for total organic halide (TOX), trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetic acids (HAA), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and UV absorbance. Removal of DBPs by the wetland ranged from 13 to 55% for TOX, from 78 to 97% for THM, and from 67 to 96% for HAA. The 24-h and 7-day nonpurgeable total organic halide (NPTOX), THM, and HAA formation potential yields were determined at the inlet and outlet of these wetlands. The effect of wetlands on the production of DBP precursors and their DBP-formation potential yield from wastewater was dramatic. The wetlands increased DBP yield up to a factor of almost 30. Specific changes in the DOC precursors were identified using 13C NMR spectroscopy.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9900407","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C., Martin, B., Barber, L.B., Leenheer, J., and Daniel, S., 2000, Effect of a constructed wetland on disinfection byproducts: Removal processes and production of precursors: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 13, p. 2703-2710, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9900407.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2703","endPage":"2710","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208241,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9900407"}],"volume":"34","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05bae4b0c8380cd50f14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Barbara S.","contributorId":30398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Barbara S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Daniel, S.R.","contributorId":28379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}