Waterfowl population management and habitat conservation compose one of the oldest and most successful adaptive management frameworks in the world. Since its inception, the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) has emphasized strategically targeted conservation investments in regions that most affect waterfowl population dynamics. By 2012, regional conservation had progressively become more science-based and strategic: many migratory bird partnerships had initiated or completed projects on mapping and modeling waterfowl distribution and abundances using geospatial techniques. However, when developing a map depicting and titled “Areas of Greatest Continental Significance to North American Ducks, Geese, and Swans” for the 2012 NAWMP Revision, waterfowl professionals articulated the need for improved decision frameworks and use of consistent datasets for refining large-scale spatial products depicting priority areas for waterfowl and people. This report describes a framework for developing a spatial value model to support the identification of North American geographies of importance to waterfowl during the breeding and non-breeding periods and to resource users who could potentially support (financially and (or) politically) waterfowl habitat conservation. Objectives used to identify priority geographies were determined through a collaborative process of the NAWMP Science Support Team, Priority Landscapes Committee (PLC), and other experts in the fields of waterfowl biology and ecology, environmental science, and human dimensions. ArcGIS Desktop was used as the platform for managing, analyzing, combining and displaying the spatial data as well as producing new data through spatial analysis functions. Thirty-eight spatial layers were developed, and several composite spatially explicit products (maps of North America) were produced based on PLC recommendations. The composite products have extensive similarities to the 2012 NAWMP map depicting areas of greatest continental significance to North American waterfowl. There are also some differences, especially in regions of the high Arctic and in Mexico. These differences between spatial value model maps and the 2012 NAWMP output likely arose from inclusion of social objectives, reduced dependence on expert opinion to generate abundance estimates, lack of population surveys in some regions and availability of expanded survey data in other regions, and use of model-based waterfowl population estimates for some unsurveyed areas.
The structured decision-making framework application in this study is discussed, and the appropriate use of the products and their limitations are outlined. Additionally, options for future improvements are presented by identifying gaps in data collection, waterfowl-habitat association assumptions, and uncertainties related to social objectives. These spatial products are intended for use by national, regional, and province/state level wildlife professionals to aid their decisions in targeting waterfowl habitat conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191029","usgsCitation":"Krainyk, A., Lyons, J.E., Brasher, M.G., Humburg, D.D., Soulliere, G.J., Coluccy, J.M., Petrie, M.J., Howerter, D.W., Slattery, S.M., Rice, M.B., and Fuller, J.C., 2019, Spatial integration of biological and social objectives to identify priority landscapes for waterfowl habitat conservation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1029, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191029.","productDescription":"Document: vii, 41 p.; Additional Report Piece; Data Release","numberOfPages":"53","ipdsId":"IP-100747","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363506,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L7J5U4","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatial Integration of Biological and Social Objectives to Identify Priority Landscapes for Waterfowl Habitat Conservation"},{"id":363574,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1029/ofr20191029_supplementalinformation.pdf","text":"Supplemental Information","size":"5.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":363503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1029/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":363504,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1029/ofr20191029.pdf","text":"Report","size":"30.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1029"}],"contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Road, Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708
The invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America by sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in the early 20th century contributed to the depletion of commercial, recreational and culturally important fish populations, devastating the economies of communities that relied on the fishery. Sea lamprey populations were subsequently controlled using an aggressive integrated pest-management program which employed barriers and traps to prevent sea lamprey from migrating to their spawning grounds and the use of the piscicides (lampricides) 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and niclosamide to eliminate larval sea lampreys from their nursery streams. Although sea lampreys have not been eradicated from the Great Lakes, populations have been suppressed to less than 10% of their peak numbers in the mid-1900s. The ongoing use of lampricides provides the foundation for sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes, one of the most successful invasive species control programs in the world. Yet, significant gaps remain in our understanding of how lampricides are taken-up and handled by sea lampreys, how lampricides exert their toxic effects, and how they adversely affect non-target invertebrate and vertebrates species. In this review we examine what has been learned about the uptake, handling and elimination, and the mode of TFM and niclosamide toxicity in lampreys and in non-target animals, particularly in the last 10 years. It is now clear that the mode of TFM toxicity is the same in non-target fishes and lampreys, in which TFM interferes with oxidative phosphorylation by the mitochondria leading to decreased ATP production. Vulnerability to TFM is related to abiotic factors such as water pH and alkalinity, which we propose changes the relative amounts of the bioavailable un-ionized form of TFM in the gill microenvironment. Niclosamide, which is also a molluscicide used to control snails in areas prone to schistosomiasis infections of humans, also likely works by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, but less is known about other aspects of its toxicology. The effects of TFM include reductions in energy stores, particularly glycogen and high energy phosphagens. However, non-target fishes readily recover from sub-lethal TFM exposure as demonstrated by the rapid restoration of energy stores and clearance of TFM. Although both TFM and niclosamide are non-persistent in the environment and critical for sea lamprey control, increasing public and institutional concerns about pesticides in the environment makes it imperative to explore other means of sea lamprey control. Accordingly, we also address possible “next-generation” strategies of sea lamprey control including genetic tools such as RNA interference and CRISPR-Cas9 to impair critical physiological processes (e.g. reproduction, digestion, metamorphosis) in lamprey, and the use of green chemistry to develop more environmentally benign chemical methods of sea lamprey control.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.012","usgsCitation":"Wilkie, M., Hubert, T., Boogaard, M.A., and Birceanu, O., 2019, Control of invasive sea lampreys using the piscicides TFM and niclosamide: Toxicology, successes & future prospects: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 211, p. 235-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"252","ipdsId":"IP-099479","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467629,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363583,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -75.8056640625,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -75.8056640625,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 41.178653972331674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"211","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkie, Michael","contributorId":215419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkie","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34255,"text":"Wilfred Laurier University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Terrance 0000-0001-9712-1738","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9712-1738","contributorId":215420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubert","given":"Terrance","affiliations":[{"id":39242,"text":"UMESC (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boogaard, Michael A. 0000-0002-5192-8437 mboogaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-8437","contributorId":865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boogaard","given":"Michael","email":"mboogaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Birceanu, Oana","contributorId":215421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birceanu","given":"Oana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34255,"text":"Wilfred Laurier University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70223339,"text":"70223339 - 2019 - Hydrologic modifications challenge bottomland hardwood forest management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T13:07:34.23401","indexId":"70223339","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-08T08:05:38","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2297,"text":"Journal of Forestry","onlineIssn":"1938-3746","printIssn":"0022-1201","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic modifications challenge bottomland hardwood forest management","docAbstract":"Bottomland hardwoods are floodplain forests along rivers and streams throughout the southeastern United States. The interrelations among hydrology, soils, geomorphic landforms, and tree species composition are the foundation of forest management in bottomland hardwoods, and historically their correspondence has allowed for somewhat predictable forest responses based upon the hydrogeomorphic setting. However, extensive hydrologic and geomorphic modifications in floodplains have disrupted these interrelations and, on many sites, have created novel disturbance regimes resulting in unpredictable forest responses. Reduced or altered timing of surface flooding and groundwater declines are common in the region and have favored increases in stem densities, particularly of species less tolerant of flooding and more tolerant of shade. In these highly modified systems, more process-level understanding of floodplain hydrology, soil moisture dynamics, interspecific tree competition, and regeneration is needed to develop more effective management prescriptions and for forestry to be represented in integrated water-resource management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvz025","usgsCitation":"King, S.L., and Keim, R., 2019, Hydrologic modifications challenge bottomland hardwood forest management: Journal of Forestry, v. 117, no. 5, p. 504-514, https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvz025.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"504","endPage":"514","ipdsId":"IP-102468","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvz025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keim, R.F.","contributorId":264646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keim","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[{"id":54524,"text":"Lousiiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202697,"text":"sir20185071 - 2019 - Basin, climatic, and irrigation factors associated with median summer water yields for streams in Southwestern Michigan, 1945-2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T14:19:50.435364","indexId":"sir20185071","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-07T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5071","displayTitle":"Basin, Climatic, and Irrigation Factors Associated with Median Summer Water Yields for Streams in Southwestern Michigan, 1945-2015","title":"Basin, climatic, and irrigation factors associated with median summer water yields for streams in Southwestern Michigan, 1945-2015","docAbstract":"Median summer water yields and resultant flows for streams are used in Michigan to regulate large water withdrawals to help prevent negative effects on characteristic fish populations. Large water withdrawals commonly are associated with irrigation in rural areas. In an earlier statewide report, an index-flow statistic for the period of record, defined as the median flow during the summer month of lowest flow, was used to characterize median summer flows and associated water yields. In this report, the annual series of median summer water yields for the period July 1 through September 30 within the period of record is used to characterize median summer water yields. For 27 streamgages included in both reports, the average index water yield was at the 37th percentile of the distribution of median summer water yields. In contrast to an index statistic, an annual time series provides a basis for detecting trends in median summer water yields and for determining basin, climatic, and irrigation factors affecting spatial and temporal variations in summer water yields. Daily flow data from 40 selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in southwestern Michigan were used in this analysis. Two mixed models were identified to estimate median summer water yields based on fixed basin characteristics and temporally varying climatic factors for 1945–2015. No irrigation data were available prior to 1970, so no irrigation variables were included in the mixed models for 1945–2015. Then, two mixed models were developed for 1970–2015, a period in which a partial annual series of county-level irrigation data also were available. One of the 1970–2015 mixed models provides a basis for estimating median summer water yields at sites in southwestern Michigan using an estimated trend component, and selected basin, climatic, and irrigation factors. Re-estimation of model parameters in this mixed model with more spatially precise information on irrigation withdrawals may improve model accuracy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D.J., 2019, Basin, climatic, and irrigation factors associated with median summer water yields for streams in southwestern Michigan, 1945–2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5071, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185071.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 23 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-093386","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5071/sir20185071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5071"},{"id":363516,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5071/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":363518,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5c7d7268e4b0fe48cb532c2f","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"- Data on Factors Affecting Spatial and Temporal Variations of Annual Summer Median Water Yields in Southwestern Michigan, 1945-2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.671142578125,\n 41.599013054830216\n ],\n [\n -84.385986328125,\n 41.599013054830216\n ],\n [\n -84.385986328125,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -86.671142578125,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -86.671142578125,\n 41.599013054830216\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5
Lansing, MI 48911
Knowledge of basal stresses is essential for analyzing slope stability and modeling the dynamics and erosive potential of debris flows and avalanches. Here we derive and test new algebraic formulas for calculating the shear stress τ and normal stress σ at the base of variable‐thickness granular debris masses in states of static or dynamic equilibrium on slopes. The formulas include a lateral pressure coefficient κ, but use of a fixed value κ = 0.7 yields predictions of σ that on average err by less than 3% and of τ that on average err by less than 13% in matching basal stresses measured in six large‐scale experiments involving wet debris masses with varying geometries and compositions. Much larger prediction errors result from use of infinite‐slope or shallow‐debris approximations. Specialized versions of the new formulas apply if basal topography is discretized and represented by a “staircase” function in a digital elevation model. Use of these formulas to assess static limiting equilibrium conditions shows that the apparent basal Coulomb friction angle ϕtread of debris that engages friction acting on the horizontal surfaces (or “treads”) of a staircase sloping at an angle θ is generally described by tanϕtread = tan (ϕ − θ)+κ tan θ, where ϕ is the true basal friction angle of the same debris in contact with a uniformly sloping bed. Differences between the values of ϕ and ϕtread can greatly influence the results of numerical simulations that use unsmoothed digital elevation model topography to calculate the stability or dynamics of debris masses on slopes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JF004802","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., and George, D.L., 2019, Basal stress equations for granular debris masses on smooth or discretized slopes: Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface, v. 124, no. 6, p. 1464-1484, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004802.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1464","endPage":"1484","ipdsId":"IP-099189","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jf004802","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, David L. 0000-0002-5726-0255 dgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-0255","contributorId":3120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"David","email":"dgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203363,"text":"70203363 - 2019 - Developing an expert elicited simulation model to evaluate invasive species and fire management alternatives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-08T09:58:49","indexId":"70203363","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-07T09:57:57","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing an expert elicited simulation model to evaluate invasive species and fire management alternatives","docAbstract":"Invasive species can alter ecosystem properties and cause state shifts in landscapes. Resource managers charged with maintaining landscapes require tools to understand implications of alternative actions (or inactions) on landscape structure and function. Simulation models can serve as a virtual laboratory to explore these alternatives and their potential impacts on a landscape. To be useful, however, managers need to participate in model development to ensure that model structure can evaluate the response of key resources to plausible actions. Here, we detail development of a state‐and‐transition simulation model (STSM) to evaluate buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L. syn Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link) in Saguaro National Park (SNP), Arizona, USA, through collaboration between managers and researchers. We integrate expert knowledge and research to create and parameterize a stochastic, spatially explicit STSM to evaluate specific management objectives. We also develop a dynamic link between the STSM and a fire behavior model to allow exploration of potential novel processes introduced to the ecosystem by buffelgrass invasion. Our projections show that buffelgrass can be expected to increase on the landscape and that the integration of fire into the model accelerates the projected rate of invasion and increases degradation of resources of management concern. We highlight the benefit of engaging end users in the modeling process so that the model is targeted to evaluate management objectives, in this case retention of saguaro cacti (Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose) on the landscape. Being able to integrate an external model that can help address the unique characteristics of a problem such as the introduction of fire into the SNP desert ecosystem increases the ability of simulations to address complex ecological and management questions.
1. Climate change has been identified as one of the most important drivers of wildlife populations. The development of appropriate conservation strategies relies on reliable predictions of population responses to climate change, which require in-depth understanding of the complex relationships between climate and population dynamics through density dependent demographic processes. Integrated population models (IPMs) are a type of modeling approach that unify the analyses of demography and abundance data, providing opportunities to understand and predict population demography and dynamics under climate change. 2. In this study we developed dynamic N-mixture models for large scale population estimates, which became an important component of the IPM we used in data analysis. We then analyzed four decades (1974-2014) of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) breeding population survey, band-recovery, and climate data covering a large spatial extent from North American prairies through boreal habitat to Alaska. Our goals were to examine the complex relationships among climate, density dependent processes, waterfowl population demography and dynamics, identify the key demographic parameters that are sensitive to climate change and are influential to population growth, and forecast population responses to climate change. 3. Our results revealed the interactive effects of temperature and density dependent processes on Mallard recruitment and to a less extent apparent survival. We also found that recruitment explained more variance of population growth than apparent survival. We then forecasted a decrease in Mallard breeding population density in the Northern Prairie Potholes and an increase in Mallard breeding population density in the northern part of our study area, indicating potential shifts in Mallard population dynamics under future climate change. 4. Synthesis and applications Different strategies need to be considered across regions to conserve waterfowl populations under climate change. Strategies that facilitate recruitment are essential for high-density populations that are relatively vulnerable to climate change. By contrast, low-density populations are relatively resilient to climate change and their habitats may serve as future climate refugia. Adaptive management is essential for evaluating management consequences. Our modelling framework approach can be easily adapted for other species and thus has wide applications in ecology and conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.04548","usgsCitation":"Qing Zhao, Boomer, S., and Royle, A., 2019, Integrated modeling reveals shifts in waterfowl population dynamics under climate change: Ecography, v. 42, no. 9, p. 1470-1481, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.04548.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1470","endPage":"1481","ipdsId":"IP-102365","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -180.703125,\n 52.696361078274485\n ],\n [\n -172.08984375,\n 49.724479188712984\n ],\n [\n -147.48046875,\n 59.44507509904714\n ],\n [\n -127.96875,\n 60.1524422143808\n ],\n [\n -128.32031249999997,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -105.99609375,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -104.58984375,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -99.31640625,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 49.95121990866204\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 52.482780222078226\n ],\n [\n -128.84765625,\n 70.90226826757711\n ],\n [\n -161.89453125,\n 73.17589717422607\n ],\n [\n -180.703125,\n 52.696361078274485\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qing Zhao","contributorId":213383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qing Zhao","affiliations":[{"id":38743,"text":"Univ. Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boomer, Scott","contributorId":218697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boomer","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7199,"text":"US FWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203063,"text":"sir20195028 - 2019 - Flood-inundation maps for the Amite and Comite Rivers from State Highway 64 to U.S. Highway 190 at Central, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T12:56:46","indexId":"sir20195028","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-07T08:40:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5028","displayTitle":"Flood-Inundation Maps for the Amite and Comite Rivers From State Highway 64 To U.S. Highway 190 at Central, Louisiana","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Amite and Comite Rivers from State Highway 64 to U.S. Highway 190 at Central, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Flood-inundation maps for a 14.5-mile reach of the Amite River and a 20.2-mile reach of the Comite River from State Highway 64 to U.S. Highway 190 were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Central, Louisiana. These maps, which can be accessed through an interactive mapper at the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Program website and from a companion USGS data release, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgages Amite River at Magnolia, La., (07377300) and Comite River near Comite, La. (07378000).
Flood profiles were computed for the Amite and Comite River reaches by using the two-dimensional (2D), finite-volume numerical modeling options in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (USACE HEC-RAS) software version 5.0.3. Models were calibrated to the current (2018) stage-discharge relations at the Amite River at Magnolia, La., and Comite River near Comite, La., streamgages, water-surface profiles from the March and August 2016 floods, and documented high-water marks from the flood of August 2016.
The hydraulic models were used to compute 37 individual water-surface profiles (21 for the Amite River and 16 for the Comite River) at 1.0-foot intervals ranging from the National Weather Service flood stage to the highest peak on record at the two streamgages. The 37 simulated water-surface profiles were used with a light detection and ranging-derived digital elevation model to delineate the flood extent and associated depth at each water level. The delineated areas (inundation maps) were merged into 127 combinations or possible flooding scenarios based on annual peak stage information from the two streamgaging stations.
The availability of these maps, along with real-time data delivered via the internet, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood-response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for recovery efforts after floods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Central, Louisiana","usgsCitation":"Storm, J.B., 2019, Flood-inundation maps for the Amite and Comite Rivers from State Highway 64 to U.S. Highway 190 at Central, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5028, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195028.\n","productDescription":"Report: viii, 20 p.; Data Release; Flood Inundation Mapper","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-100404","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363430,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5028/sir20195028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5028"},{"id":363431,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PQKSYF","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Flood Inundation Maps for the Amite and Comite Rivers from State Highway 64 to U.S. Highway 190 – City of Central, Louisiana"},{"id":363429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5028/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":363432,"rank":4,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/flood-inundation-mapping-fim-program?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects","text":"Flood Inundation Mapper","description":"Flood Inundation Mapper"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.3123779296875,\n 28.859107573773\n ],\n [\n -93.3123779296875,\n 31.475524020001806\n ],\n [\n -89.879150390625,\n 31.475524020001806\n ],\n [\n -89.879150390625,\n 28.859107573773\n ],\n [\n -93.3123779296875,\n 28.859107573773\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Ste 100
Nashville, TN 37211
Managing recreational fisheries in lake-rich landscapes with diverse fish communities and anglers alike presents a social and biological challenge for managers. Understanding angler preferences is central to navigating these challenges and can aid in predicting shifts in angler behavior in response to management actions or changing fish populations. Species-specific angler surveys do not incorporate tradeoffs inherent in multispecies fisheries, thus limiting their application to real-world management issues. To better understand angler preferences in relation to realistic tradeoffs among different fishing opportunities, we conducted a survey of Wisconsin anglers in 2013–2014 that included questions requiring anglers to choose between fisheries providing different outcomes. We used stated-preference modeling to quantify angler preferences associated with Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, and Walleye Sander vitreus fisheries. Next, we conducted a latent class analysis using survey responses to classify anglers into subgroups. Finally, we assessed the sensitivity of angler choice to changes in fishing opportunities. Results of the stated-preference models indicated that both residents and nonresidents largely prefer “quality” (i.e., moderate catch rate and size structure) over “action” or “trophy” Bluegill fisheries and that characteristics of Largemouth Bass fisheries have more value to nonresidents than to residents. Aspects of the Bluegill fishery were most important in choosing among hypothetical lakes for resident respondents. Five angler subgroups were identified that show the importance of Bluegill and Walleye but shed additional light on anglers’ commitment level and nonresidents’ preference for Largemouth Bass. In addition, simulations of changes in Walleye, Largemouth Bass, and Bluegill fisheries indicated that maintenance of quality Bluegill fisheries is important to ensuring continued angler participation, while the retention of high-yield Walleye fisheries is likely paramount to a subgroup of anglers. Our results offer insight into angler preferences across the lake-rich landscape of Wisconsin and demonstrate how angler behavior may shift in response to transitions in fishing opportunities.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10301","usgsCitation":"Tingley, R.W., Hansen, J., Iserman, D., Fulton, D.C., Musch, A., and Paukert, C.P., 2019, Characterizing angler preferences for Largemouth Bass, Bluegill, and Walleye fisheries in Wisconsin: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 39, no. 4, p. 676-692, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10301.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"676","endPage":"692","ipdsId":"IP-103338","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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A.","affiliations":[{"id":17717,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fulton, David C. 0000-0001-5763-7887 dcf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-7887","contributorId":2208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"David","email":"dcf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Musch, A.","contributorId":264871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Musch","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":245524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204650,"text":"70204650 - 2019 - Effects of 21st century climate, land use, and disturbances on ecosystem carbon balance in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-16T12:26:19","indexId":"70204650","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-07T07:59:21","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of 21st century climate, land use, and disturbances on ecosystem carbon balance in California","docAbstract":"Terrestrial ecosystems are an important sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), sequestering ~30% of annual anthropogenic emissions and slowing the rise of atmospheric CO2. However, the future direction and magnitude of the land sink is highly uncertain. We examined how historical and projected changes in climate, land use, and ecosystem disturbances affect the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in California over the period 2001–2100. We modeled 32 unique scenarios, spanning 4 land use and 2 radiative forcing scenarios as simulated by four global climate models. Between 2001 and 2015, carbon storage in California's terrestrial ecosystems declined by −188.4 Tg C, with a mean annual flux ranging from a source of −89.8 Tg C/year to a sink of 60.1 Tg C/year. The large variability in the magnitude of the state's carbon source/sink was primarily attributable to interannual variability in weather and climate, which affected the rate of carbon uptake in vegetation and the rate of ecosystem respiration. Under nearly all future scenarios, carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems was projected to decline, with an average loss of −9.4% (−432.3 Tg C) by the year 2100 from current stocks. However, uncertainty in the magnitude of carbon loss was high, with individual scenario projections ranging from −916.2 to 121.2 Tg C and was largely driven by differences in future climate conditions projected by climate models. Moving from a high to a low radiative forcing scenario reduced net ecosystem carbon loss by 21% and when combined with reductions in land‐use change (i.e., moving from a high to a low land‐use scenario), net carbon losses were reduced by 55% on average. However, reconciling large uncertainties associated with the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 is needed to better constrain models used to establish baseline conditions from which ecosystem‐based climate mitigation strategies can be evaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.14677","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., Marvin, D., Cameron, D.R., Selmants, P., Westerling, L., Kreitler, J.R., Colin Daniel, Liu, J., and Wilson, T., 2019, Effects of 21st century climate, land use, and disturbances on ecosystem carbon balance in California: Global Change Biology, v. 25, no. 10, p. 3334-3353, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14677.","productDescription":"22 P.","startPage":"3334","endPage":"3353","ipdsId":"IP-098389","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467637,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KVF795","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Land change and 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\"}}]}","volume":"25","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin, David","contributorId":217963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marvin","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cameron, D. Richard","contributorId":217964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cameron","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selmants, Paul 0000-0001-6211-3957 pselmants@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6211-3957","contributorId":192591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selmants","given":"Paul","email":"pselmants@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Westerling, LeRoy","contributorId":217965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westerling","given":"LeRoy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38695,"text":"University of California Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kreitler, Jason R. 0000-0002-0243-5281 jkreitler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-5281","contributorId":4050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreitler","given":"Jason","email":"jkreitler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Colin Daniel","contributorId":217966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colin Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":36690,"text":"Apex Resource Management Solutions","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wilson, Tamara 0000-0001-7399-7532 tswilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-7532","contributorId":2975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tamara","email":"tswilson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70203466,"text":"70203466 - 2019 - Jump-starting coastal wetland restoration: A comparison of marsh and mangrove foundation species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-20T13:15:33","indexId":"70203466","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-06T14:16:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Jump-starting coastal wetland restoration: A comparison of marsh and mangrove foundation species","docAbstract":"During coastal wetland restoration, foundation plant species play a critical role in creating habitat, modulating ecosystem functions, and supporting ecological communities. Following initial hydrologic restoration, foundation plant species can help stabilize sediments and jump-start ecosystem development. Different foundation species, however, have different traits and environmental tolerances. To understand how these traits and tolerances impact restoration trajectories, there is a need for comparative studies among foundation species. In subtropical and tropical climates, coastal wetland restoration practitioners can sometimes choose between salt marsh and/or mangrove foundation species. Here, we compared the early life history traits and environmental tolerances of two foundation species: (1) a salt marsh grass (Spartina alterniflora), and (2) a mangrove tree (Avicennia germinans). In an 18-month study of a recently-restored coastal wetland in southeastern Louisiana (USA), we examined growth and survival along an elevation gradient and compared expansion and recruitment rates. We found that the rapid growth, expansion, and recruitment rates of the salt marsh grass make it a better species for quickly establishing ecological structure at suitable elevations. The slower growth, limited expansion, and lower recruitment of the mangrove species show its limited capacity for immediate structural restoration, especially in areas where it co-occurs with perennial salt marsh foundation species. Our findings suggest that the structural attributes needed in recently-restored areas (e.g., erosion control, vegetation structure) can be achieved more quickly using fast-growing foundation marsh species. Following salt marsh grass establishment, mangroves can then be used to further assist ecosystem development. This work highlights how appropriate foundation species can help jump-start ecosystem development to meet restoration objectives.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12963","usgsCitation":"Yando, E.S., Osland, M., Jones, S., and Hester, M.W., 2019, Jump-starting coastal wetland restoration: A comparison of marsh and mangrove foundation species: Restoration Ecology, v. 27, no. 5, p. 1145-1154, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12963.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1145","endPage":"1154","ipdsId":"IP-102585","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yando, Erik S.","contributorId":127788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yando","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7155,"text":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osland, Michael 0000-0001-9902-8692","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-8692","contributorId":215601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Scott 0000-0002-1056-3785","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-3785","contributorId":215602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hester, Mark W.","contributorId":195572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hester","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":34316,"text":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203418,"text":"70203418 - 2019 - Using the beta distribution to analyze plant cover data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T22:36:11.861338","indexId":"70203418","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-06T13:34:46","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using the beta distribution to analyze plant cover data","docAbstract":"Most plant species are spatially aggregated. Local demographic and ecological processes (e.g. vegetative growth and limited seed dispersal) result in a clustered spatial pattern within an environmentally homogenous area. Spatial aggregation should be considered when modelling plant abundance data.
Commonly, plant abundance is quantified by measuring cover within multiple areal plots or along multiple lines randomly placed within a study area. A common practice for analyzing plant cover is to use statistical methods that rely on the normal distribution for quantifying uncertainty. This is problematic because plant cover data tend to be left‐skewed (J‐shaped), right skewed (L‐shaped) or U‐shaped and, therefore, commonly violate classic statistical assumptions, such as normality.
We outline statistical analyses that explicitly account for spatial aggregation by assuming that plant cover is beta‐distributed. The beta distribution is a flexible choice because within the open unit interval it can take on a wide range of shapes (L, J, U, or a bell‐shaped). We discuss and introduce extensions to the beta distribution that address common analysis issues encountered in plant cover datasets, such as i) the treatment of zero and one cover values, ii) hierarchical data structures, and iii) observations errors. For heuristic purposes, we focus on single species analyses, but we demonstrate how the outlined methods can be generalized to more species.
The assumption that plant cover is beta‐distributed allows us to estimate the degree of spatial aggregation, and the ecological significance of this new knowledge is discussed. We provide a summary of available software for analyses (emphasizing standard R packages) and include worked examples and a simulation study comparing analysis options as supplemental information.
Synthesis. Previously, the state of the statistical software made it practically difficult for empirical plant ecologists to analyze their cover data correctly, but new theory and R‐packages have been developed, and this difficulty no longer exists. We recommend that empirical plant ecologists embrace the new statistical possibilities for exploring the exciting ecological features in spatial variation of plant cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.13200","usgsCitation":"Damgaard, C., and Irvine, K., 2019, Using the beta distribution to analyze plant cover data: Journal of Ecology, v. 107, no. 6, p. 2747-2759, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13200.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2747","endPage":"2759","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-097332","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467640,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13200","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Damgaard, Christian","contributorId":215533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Damgaard","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37318,"text":"Aarhus University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":214591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203756,"text":"70203756 - 2019 - Xenon hydrate as an analogue of methane hydrate in geologic systems out of thermodynamic equilibrium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T12:24:39","indexId":"70203756","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-06T09:06:22","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Xenon hydrate as an analogue of methane hydrate in geologic systems out of thermodynamic equilibrium","docAbstract":"Methane hydrate occurs naturally under pressure and temperature conditions that are not straightforward to replicate experimentally. Xenon has emerged as an attractive laboratory alternative to methane for studying hydrate formation and dissociation in multiphase systems, given that it forms hydrates under milder conditions. However, building reliable analogies between the two hydrates requires systematic comparisons, which are currently lacking. We address this gap by developing a theoretical and computational model of gas hydrates under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. We first compare equilibrium phase behaviors of the Xe·H2O and CH4·H2O systems by calculating their isobaric phase diagram, and then study the nonequilibrium kinetics of interfacial hydrate growth using a phase field model. Our results show that Xe·H2O is a good experimental analog to CH4·H2O, but there are key differences to consider. In particular, the aqueous solubility of xenon is altered by the presence of hydrate, similar to what is observed for methane; but xenon is consistently less soluble than methane. Xenon hydrate has a wider nonstoichiometry region, which could lead to a thicker hydrate layer at the gas‐liquid interface when grown under similar kinetic forcing conditions. For both systems, our numerical calculations reveal that hydrate nonstoichiometry coupled with hydrate formation dynamics leads to a compositional gradient across the hydrate layer, where the stoichiometric ratio increases from the gas‐facing side to the liquid‐facing side. Our analysis suggests that accurate composition measurements could be used to infer the kinetic history of hydrate formation in natural settings where gas is abundant.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019GC008250","usgsCitation":"Fu, X., Waite, W., Cueto-Felgueroso, L., and Juanes, R., 2019, Xenon hydrate as an analogue of methane hydrate in geologic systems out of thermodynamic equilibrium: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 20, no. 5, p. 2462-2472, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008250.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2462","endPage":"2472","ipdsId":"IP-104816","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gc008250","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":364547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fu, Xiaojing 0000-0001-7120-704X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-704X","contributorId":216142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fu","given":"Xiaojing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cueto-Felgueroso, Luis","contributorId":216143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cueto-Felgueroso","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juanes, Ruben","contributorId":216144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juanes","given":"Ruben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202241,"text":"fs20193001 - 2019 - The use of national datasets to produce an average annual water budget for the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, 2000–13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T10:09:35","indexId":"fs20193001","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-06T07:01:22","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-3001","displayTitle":"The Use of National Datasets to Produce an Average Annual Water Budget for the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, 2000–13","title":"The use of national datasets to produce an average annual water budget for the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, 2000–13","docAbstract":"Water is a critically important resource for the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) region, supporting a multibillion-dollar agricultural industry. There are concerns that continued withdrawals of groundwater for irrigation may decrease future water supplies. The U.S. Geological Survey has a history of conducting research in the MAP region and recently began an effort to integrate multiple monitoring analyses and modeling to characterize and project water availability for the region. Here, we utilize the data and results from existing national-scale datasets and refine them to create long-term steady state annual water budgets at a regional scale (the MAP) from 2000 to 2013. The water budget is described and mapped as the distribution of available water into three components: (1) evapotranspiration (65 percent); (2) quickflow runoff to streams (27 percent); and (3) groundwater recharge (8 percent). We also present a comparison of long-term recharge rates with groundwater extraction rates. These results will be useful as a starting point for the water budget and evaluations of future water availability in the MAP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193001","usgsCitation":"Reitz, M., and Kress, W.H., The use of national datasets to produce an average annual water budget for the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, 2000–13: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019–3001, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193001.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-095792","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3001/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":363444,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3001/fs20193001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2019–3001"},{"id":363447,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PN93P0","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Annual estimates of recharge, quick-flow runoff, and ET for the contiguous US using empirical regression equations, 2000–2013"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Alluvial Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.3173828125,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -95.3173828125,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -95.3173828125,\n 29.075375179558346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park Drive
Nashville, TN 37211
The combination of rainfall and snowmelt in northern New England and rainfall in southern New England resulted in minor to major flooding from April 15 to 24, 2019, according to stage and streamflow data collected at 63 selected U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages. A typical USGS streamgage measures and records stream stage and estimates streamflow based on a relation (rating curve) of discrete measurements of streamflow and the recorded stage. USGS hydrographers were deployed during and after these storms to measure the streamflow of the flooded rivers and confirm streamgage rating curves.
Preliminary Data Indicate...
Director,
New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275
Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPA-BDBPE) and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTPBE) are both brominated flame retardants (BFRs) that have been detected in birds; however, their potential biological effects are largely unknown. We assessed the effects of embryonic exposure to TBBPA-BDBPE and BTBPE in a model avian predator, the American kestrel (Falco sparverius). Fertile eggs from a captive population of kestrels were injected on embryonic day 5 (ED5) with a vehicle control or one of three doses within the range of concentrations that have been detected in biota (nominal concentrations of 0, 10, 50 or 100 ng/g egg; measured concentrations 0, 3.0, 13.7 or 33.5 ng TBBPA-BDBPE/g egg and 0, 5.3, 26.8 or 58.1 ng BTBPE/g egg). Eggs were artificially incubated until hatching (ED28), at which point blood and tissues were collected to measure morphological and physiological endpoints, including organ somatic indices, circulating and glandular thyroid hormone concentrations, thyroid gland histology, hepatic deiodinase activity, and markers of oxidative stress. Neither compound had any effects on embryo survival through 90% of the incubation period or on hatching success, body mass, organ size, or oxidative stress of hatchlings. There was evidence of sex-specific effects in the thyroid system responses to the BTBPE exposures, with type 2 deiodinase (D2) activity decreasing at higher doses in female, but not in male hatchlings, suggesting that females may be more sensitive to BTBPE. However, there were no effects of TBBPA-BDBPE on the thyroid system in kestrels. For the BTPBE study, a subset of high-dose eggs was collected throughout the incubation period to measure changes in BTBPE concentrations. There was no decrease in BTBPE over the incubation period, suggesting that BTBPE is slowly metabolized by kestrel embryos throughout their ∼28-d development. These two compounds, therefore, do not appear to be particularly toxic to embryos of the American kestrel.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.047","usgsCitation":"Eng, M., Karouna-Renier, N., Henry, P.F., Letcher, R.J., Schultz, S.L., Bean, T.G., Peters, L.E., Palace, V.P., Williams, T.D., Elliott, J., and Fernie, K.J., 2019, In ovo exposure to brominated flame retardants Part II: Assessment of effects of TBBPA-BDBPE and BTBPE on hatching success, morphometric and physiological endpoints in American kestrels: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 179, p. 151-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.047.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"159","ipdsId":"IP-105952","costCenters":[{"id":267,"text":"Environmental and Contaminants Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467645,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.047","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437475,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P999473N","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"In ovo exposure to brominated flame retardants Part II: Assessment of effects of TBBPA-BDBPE and BTBPE on hatching success, morphometric and physiological endpoints in American kestrels"},{"id":363477,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"179","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eng, Margaret","contributorId":215245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eng","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karouna-Renier, Natalie 0000-0001-7127-033X nkarouna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-033X","contributorId":200983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karouna-Renier","given":"Natalie","email":"nkarouna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Paula F. P. 0000-0002-7601-5546 phenry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-5546","contributorId":4485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Paula","email":"phenry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F. 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It has been detected in biota, including in avian eggs, yet little is known of its effects. We assessed the pattern of TBBPA-BDBPE concentrations in songbird eggs over the incubation period, and the effects of embryonic exposure to TBBPA-BDBPE in a model songbird species, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). To assess concentrations during embryo development, eggs were injected on the day they were laid with the vehicle control (safflower oil) or 100 ng TBBPA-BDBPE/g egg, and whole egg contents were collected throughout embryonic development on day 0 (unincubated), 5, 10 and 13. To evaluate effects of embryonic exposure to TBBPA-BDBPE, eggs were injected at Hamburger-Hamilton stage 18 (~80 hours after initiation of incubation) with safflower oil only, 10, 50 or 100 ng TBBPA-BDBPE/g egg (albumin injection volume 1 µl/g). Eggs were monitored for hatching success, and nestlings were monitored for growth and survival. At 15 days post-hatch, tissues were collected to assess physiological effects. TBBPA-BDBPE was incorporated into the egg as the embryo developed, and concentrations started declining in late incubation, suggesting biotransformation by the embryo. There were no effects on hatching success, nestling survival, growth, organ somatic indices, or thyroid hormone homeostasis; however, there was evidence that body condition declined in a dose-dependent manner towards the end of the rapid nestling growth phase. This decreased body condition could be a delayed effect of early developmental exposure, or it may be the result of increased exposure to biotransformation products of TBBPA-BDBPE produced over the nestling period, which are predicted to be more bioaccumulative and toxic than the parent compound.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.048","usgsCitation":"Eng, M., Williams, T.D., Fernie, K.J., Karouna-Renier, N., Henry, P.F., Letcher, R.J., and Elliott, J., 2019, In ovo exposure to brominated flame retardants Part I: Assessment of effects of TBBPA-BDBPE on survival, morphometric and physiological endpoints in zebra finches: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 179, p. 104-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.048.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-105993","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.048","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"179","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eng, Margaret","contributorId":215245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eng","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Tony D.","contributorId":202813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":29801,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fernie, Kim J.","contributorId":211241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernie","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karouna-Renier, Natalie 0000-0001-7127-033X nkarouna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-033X","contributorId":200983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karouna-Renier","given":"Natalie","email":"nkarouna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henry, Paula F. P. 0000-0002-7601-5546 phenry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-5546","contributorId":4485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Paula","email":"phenry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F. P.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Letcher, Robert J.","contributorId":176209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Letcher","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elliott, John E.","contributorId":127368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"John E.","affiliations":[{"id":6779,"text":"Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70204450,"text":"70204450 - 2019 - Spatial and temporal variability of fish assemblages in acidified streams: Implications for long-term monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-25T13:10:27","indexId":"70204450","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-01T13:09:11","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"Report 19-29","title":"Spatial and temporal variability of fish assemblages in acidified streams: Implications for long-term monitoring","docAbstract":"Numerous studies have established strong linkages between acid deposition, soil and surface-water acidification, and toxicity to aquatic biota. Little is known however, about the effects of acidification on fish assemblages in headwater streams because they are highly variable, and pre-acidification data are often lacking. The primary purpose of this study was to describe spatial and interannual (temporal) variability of fish assemblages in headwater streams affected by acidification so that future recovery targets and monitoring strategies can be established. Fish communities and water chemistry were sampled at 48 headwater streams in the Western Adirondack Mountains of New York during the summers of 2014 to 2016 to characterize the present-day condition of water quality and local fish assemblages. Additionally, data from six Adirondack streams that were sampled annually from 2014-16 were combined with data from seven streams in the Catskill Mountain region sampled annually for three or more years for an analysis of temporal variability. Inorganic monomeric aluminum concentrations (Ali, the toxic form of Al) were less than 1.0 µmol L-1, between 1 and 2 µmol L-1, and greater than 2 µmol L-1 in 79%, 13%, and 8% of the 48 Adirondack streams. Richness, abundance, and biomass of fish assemblages were negatively related to Ali concentrations. In streams with Ali concentrations less than 1.0 µmol L-1, species richness, density, and biomass averaged 2.0 species, 444.2 fish/0.1 ha, and 1924.4 g/0.1 ha, respectively, and the density and biomass of Brook Trout populations averaged 280.8 fish/0.1 ha and 1384.0 g/0.1 ha. These values may provide a reasonable approximation of fish community condition prior to anthropogenic acidification and can be used as targets for assessing future recovery of acidified streams. A power analysis that considered 21 fish metrics indicated a strong negative relationship between interannual metric variability and statistical power for detecting change over time. Large differences were identified in the sample size necessary to achieve adequate power (0.8) depending on the metric utilized. In general, greater statistical power was obtained from metrics based on entire fish communities and from metrics standardized by reach length or sampling effort. Given the variability observed in our dataset, most metrics could detect a change of 30% with moderate effort, suggesting this may be an appropriate goal for future monitoring. Together, knowledge of biological recovery targets and the statistical power obtained from various fish metrics can be used to develop the most effective strategies for monitoring and assessing biological recovery in New York streams.","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Energy Research and Development Authority","collaboration":"NYSERDA","usgsCitation":"George, S.D., Baldigo, B.P., and Lawrence, G.B., 2019, Spatial and temporal variability of fish assemblages in acidified streams: Implications for long-term monitoring, 28 p.","productDescription":"28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105913","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":365908,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Scott D. 0000-0002-8197-1866 sgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-1866","contributorId":3014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Scott","email":"sgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204435,"text":"70204435 - 2019 - Spatially-structured statistical network models for landscape genetics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-19T13:38:01","indexId":"70204435","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-01T12:38:19","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially-structured statistical network models for landscape genetics","docAbstract":"A basic understanding of how the landscape impedes, or creates resistance to, the dispersal of organisms and hence gene flow is paramount for successful conservation science and management. Spatially structured ecological networks are often used to represent spatial landscape‐genetic relationships, where nodes represent individuals or populations and resistance to movement is represented using non‐binary edge weights. Weights are typically assigned or estimated by the user, rather than observed, and validating such weights is challenging. We provide a synthesis of current methods used to estimate edge weights and an overview of common model types, stressing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and their ability to model landscape‐genetic data. We further explore a set of spatial‐statistical methods that provide ecologists with alternative approaches for modeling spatially explicit processes that may affect genetic structure. This includes an overview of spatial autoregressive models, with a particular focus on how correlation and partial correlation are used to represent neighborhood structure with the inverse of the covariance matrix (i.e., precision matrix). We then demonstrate how to model resistance by specifying an appropriate statistical model on the nodes, conditioned on the edge weights, through the precision matrix. This integration of network ecology and spatial statistics provides a practical analytical framework for landscape‐genetic studies. The results can be used to make statistical inferences about the relative importance of individual landscape characteristics, such as the vegetative cover, hillslope, or the presence of roads or rivers, on gene flow. In addition, the R code we include allows readers to explore landscape‐genetic structure in their own datasets, which will potentially provide new insights into the evolutionary processes that generated ecological networks, as well as valuable information about the optimal characteristics of conservation corridors.
Thousands of screened water diversions throughout the Columbia River Basin of the Pacific Northwest are sources of entrainment (unintended diversion into an unsafe passage route), injury, and mortality for a range of fish species and screening criteria have been developed to reduce and mitigate these effects. Large knowledge gaps exist concerning the potential effects of these screens on juvenile and larval lampreys (Entosphenus and Lampetra spp.) that may be particularly vulnerable to screening effects owing to their small size, unique morphology, and poor swimming performance. The few studies that have evaluated screen impacts for lampreys have compared common screen materials in a laboratory setting using a large, recirculating flume, and have reported that screen size and material influence the risk of entrainment. We compared entrainment rate, impingement rate and duration, injury rate, and delayed (24-hour) mortality of larval lamprey (ammocoetes) exposed to two screen angles. A 20-degree screen was tested because it is a common configuration, and a 12-degree screen was selected to represent a screen more parallel to flow than the 20-degree screen. We included juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in tests for both screen angles so that any screen interaction improvements observed for lamprey could be considered in light of their effect on salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.). Study fish were released singly into the flume at two locations: near-screen (SCR) releases at about 30 centimeters upstream of the screen and mid-channel (MID) releases at about 1.4 meters upstream of the screen. We completed 120 screen trials with ammocoetes and 117 screen trials with juvenile tout during April–May 2018. Ammocoetes had short mean trial durations (less than 30 seconds) and were most frequently bypassed. Over one-half of the ammocoetes briefly (for less than 1 second) contacted the screen. Rates of screen contact were similar between the two screen angles, but higher for SCR releases (about 83–90 percent) than for MID releases (about 28–44 percent). Screen impingements were not common (8.3 percent of ammocoetes) and did not result in significant injury or delayed mortality. The final logistic regression model showed that screen angle and release location did not significantly affect whether ammocoetes were bypassed. The size of the lamprey, expressed as mass or length, was the only significant predictor of fate. We noted an estimated 4.7-percent increase in the odds of being bypassed for every 1-milligram increase in ammocoete mass and a 49-percent increase in the odds of being bypassed for every 1-millimeter increase in length. Trout did not experience negative effects with the 12-degree screen; they had short mean trial durations (less than 40 seconds) and limited contact with the screens (11.1 percent of trout), were most commonly bypassed, and none were entrained. Screen angle and release location were not significant drivers of fate for trout. The 12-degree and 20-degree screens performed comparably for both lamprey and trout and effectively bypassed these fishes. Some metrics showed advantages for the 12-degree screen, suggesting that screens installed more parallel to flow might warrant further testing.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, McNary Fisheries Compensation Committee, and Yakama Nation Fisheries","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T.L., Didricksen, D.J., Weiland, L.K., Rogala, J.A., and Lampman, R., 2019, Effectiveness of fish screens in protecting lamprey (Entosphenus and Lampetra spp.) ammocoetes—Pilot testing of variable screen angle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1044, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191044.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-105978","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363436,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1044/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":363437,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1044/ofr20191044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"882 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1044"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.57324218750001,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -112.763671875,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -112.763671875,\n 50.90303283111257\n ],\n [\n -127.57324218750001,\n 50.90303283111257\n ],\n [\n -127.57324218750001,\n 41.96765920367816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016