Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The formation of carcinogenic trihalomethanes during the treatment of public surface water supplies has become a potentially serious problem. The U. S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment , investigated the potential for trihalomethane formation in water from 15 small, public water supply lakes in eastern Kansas from April 1984 through April 1986 in order to define the principal factors that affect or control the potential for trihalomethane formation during the water treatment process. Relations of mean concentrations of trihalomethane-formation potential to selected water quality and lake and watershed physical characteristics were investigated using correlation and regression analysis. Statistically significant, direct relations were developed between trihalomethanes produced in unfiltered and filtered lake water and mean concentrations of total and dissolved organic carbon. Correlation coefficients for these relations ranged from 0.86 to 0.93. Mean values of maximum depth of lake were shown to have statistically significant inverse relations to mean concentrations of trihalomethane-formation potential and total and dissolved organic carbon. Correlation coefficients for these relations ranged from -0.76 to -0.81.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884161","usgsCitation":"Pope, L.M., Arruda, J.A., and Fromm, C.H., 1988, Relation of trihalomethane-formation potential to water-quality and physical characteristics of small water-supply lakes, eastern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4161, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884161.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58053,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411144,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47068.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4161/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.4667,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -97.4667,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -94.6194,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -94.6194,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -97.4667,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8209","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, L. M.","contributorId":71939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arruda, J. A.","contributorId":70809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arruda","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fromm, C. H.","contributorId":44586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fromm","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29498,"text":"wri874248 - 1988 - Hydrogeology and predevelopment flow in the Texas Gulf Coast aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:19:13","indexId":"wri874248","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4248","title":"Hydrogeology and predevelopment flow in the Texas Gulf Coast aquifer systems","docAbstract":"A multilayered ground-water flow system exists in the Coastal Plain sediments of Texas. The Tertiary and Quaternary clastic deposits have an area! extent of 128,000 square miles onshore and in the Gulf of Mexico. Two distinct aquifer systems are recognized for the sediments, which range in thickness from a few feet to more than 12,000 feet. The older system the Texas coastal uplands aquifer system consists of four aquifers and two confining units in the Wilcox and Claiborne Groups. It is bounded from below by the practically impermeable Midway confining unit or by the top of the geopressured zone. It is bounded from above by the poorly permeable Vicksburg-Jackson confining unit, which separates it from the younger coastal lowlands aquifer system. The coastal lowlands aquifer system consists of five permeable zones and two confining units that range in age from Oligocene to Holocene. The hydrogeologic units of both systems are exposed in bands that parallel the coastline. The units dip and thicken toward the Gulf.
\nQuality of water in the aquifer systems varies greatly, with dissolved solids ranging from a few hundred to more than 200,000 milligrams per liter.
\nA three-dimensional, variable-density digital model was developed to simulate predevelopment flow in the aquifer systems, for which steady-state conditions were assumed. Horizontal hydraulic conductivities of the aquifers and permeable zones in the calibrated model range from 15 feet per day for the middle Wilcox aquifer, to 170 feet per day for the Holocene-upper Pleistocene aquifer. Vertical hydraulic conductivities range from 1 x 10-5 foot per day for the Vicksburg-Jackson confining unit, to 1 x 10-2 foot per day for four of the aquifers and permeable zones. The simulated values of transmissivity and leakance are functions of the percent of sand that is present in each model grid block.
\nThere is a large range in precipitation across the study area, from about 21 inches per year in the west to about 56 inches per year in the east. Eastward from a line through Corpus Christi and San Antonio, average annual precipitation ranges from about 30 to about 56 inches. A few inches per year reaches the saturated zone in topographically high areas and is discharged in low areas as evapotranspiration, seepage, springflow, and stream base flow. A smaller amount of water flows through the aquifers and permeable zones downdip from the outcrop areas. This flow results in upward or downward leakage into adjacent hydrogeologic units, but is generally upward into overlying units.
\nWestward from the line through Corpus Christi and San Antonio, average annual precipitation ranges from about 30 to about 21 inches. The general pattern of flow in the aquifers and permeable zones is similar to that in the east, but rates of flow are somewhat smaller. In contrast to the east, ground-water discharge in the west is generally not visible. Evapotranspiration is the main mechanism for ground-water discharge, with most ground water being discharged through evapotranspiration by phreatophytes.
\nSimulated discharge and recharge rates in the combined outcrop areas of all units do not exceed 6 inches per year. The large rates occur in small, local topographically low and high areas. The average discharge rate simulated in the outcrops of the units is 0.45 inch per year. The recharge area is considerably smaller than the discharge area, and the average recharge rate over this smaller area is 0.74 inch per year.
\nTotal simulated recharge in the outcrop areas is 269 million cubic feet per day, which is offset by an equal amount of discharge in the outcrop areas. The smallest rates of leakage are across the Vicksburg-Jackson confining unit, with downward and upward rates of less than one million cubic feet per day. The greatest rate of leakage is 47 million cubic feet per day upward into the Holocene-upper Pleistocene permeable zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri874248","usgsCitation":"Ryder, P.D., 1988, Hydrogeology and predevelopment flow in the Texas Gulf Coast aquifer systems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4248, vii, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874248.","productDescription":"vii, 109 p.","numberOfPages":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58346,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4248/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4248/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -99.16259765625,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -99.580078125,\n 27.60567082646547\n ],\n [\n -99.11865234374999,\n 26.43122806450644\n ],\n [\n -98.1298828125,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -97.18505859374999,\n 25.997549919572112\n ],\n [\n -97.36083984375,\n 27.527758206861886\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 28.51696944040106\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -93.91113281249999,\n 29.7453016622136\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 31.16580958786196\n ],\n [\n -94.02099609375,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 33.578014746143985\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625321","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Paul D.","contributorId":60188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29773,"text":"wri874196 - 1988 - Effects of urbanization on storm-runoff volume and peak discharge of Valley Creek, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T13:32:55","indexId":"wri874196","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4196","title":"Effects of urbanization on storm-runoff volume and peak discharge of Valley Creek, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Peak discharge and runoff volume were simulated for 21 storms in the Valley Creek basin using the U.S. Geological Survey Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model (DR3M). Storm peak discharges ranged from 301 to 900 cubic feet per second. Rainfall was measured at three recording rain gages in the basin. Observed and simulated runoff volumes and peak discharges were compared for the upper 20.8 square miles of the basin. The average error for runoff volume was 29 percent. The average error for peak discharge was 19 percent for the 11 calibration storms and 32 percent for the 10 verification storms. Streamflow was routed to the Schuylkill River for the lower 2.6 square miles of the basin. Simulations were made to determine the effect on runoff volume and peak discharge of increasing impervious are from 9 percent to 15, 20, and 25 percent in the part of the basin most likely to be developed. For 25 percent impervious area, runoff volume would increase an average of 52 percent and peak discharge would increase an average of 55 percent for Valley Creek at the Pennsylvania Turnpike bridge. At the confluence of Valley Creek with the Schuylkill River, runoff volume would increase an average of 46 percent and peak discharge would increase an average of 50 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874196","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., 1988, Effects of urbanization on storm-runoff volume and peak discharge of Valley Creek, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4196, v, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874196.","productDescription":"v, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4196/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58573,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29807,"text":"wri884135 - 1988 - Geohydrology of the Bethpage-Hicksville-Levittown area, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T00:30:29.015914","indexId":"wri884135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4135","title":"Geohydrology of the Bethpage-Hicksville-Levittown area, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"A study of ground-water levels and flow in east-central Nassau County, N.Y. , began in October 1985. The 11.4 sqare-mile area encompasses parts of Bethpage, Hicksville, Levittown, Plainview, Plainedge, and Farmingdale.
Approximately 1,200 ft of unconsolidated Cretaceous deposits and 50 to 100 ft of Pleistocene deposits overlie bedrock throughout the area. The unconsolidated deposits consist mostly of sand, gravel, silt, and clay and have good water-transmitting properties except where clay forms continuous layers that can impede groundwater flow.
The area is mostly residential and industrial. Pumpage for public supply exceeds 10 million gallons per day, most of which eventually discharges from the ground-water system to tidewater as sewage outflow. Industrial pumpage during summer exceeds 10 million gallons per day, but most of the water is returned to the system through recharge basins. Ground-water levels in this area fluctuate seasonally in response to natural recharge, pumping, and use of recharge basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884135","usgsCitation":"Smolensky, D., and Feldman, S.M., 1988, Geohydrology of the Bethpage-Hicksville-Levittown area, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4135, Report: v, 25 p.; 1 Plate: 23.01 x 18.59 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884135.","productDescription":"Report: v, 25 p.; 1 Plate: 23.01 x 18.59 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424301,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47045.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58607,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4135/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58608,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.57640736786416,\n 40.80380432968778\n ],\n [\n -73.57640736786416,\n 40.68180294858652\n ],\n [\n -73.3909575224667,\n 40.68180294858652\n ],\n [\n -73.3909575224667,\n 40.80380432968778\n ],\n [\n -73.57640736786416,\n 40.80380432968778\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smolensky, D. A.","contributorId":46094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smolensky","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feldman, S. M.","contributorId":91896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16239,"text":"ofr88195 - 1988 - Selected hydrologic data for Pahvant Valley and adjacent areas, Millard County, Utah, 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T16:02:47","indexId":"ofr88195","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-195","title":"Selected hydrologic data for Pahvant Valley and adjacent areas, Millard County, Utah, 1987","docAbstract":"This report contains hydrologic data collected in Pahvant Valley and adjacent areas from 1909 to 1987. The report area is mainly comprised of Pahvant Valley on the east and the southern part of the Sevier Desert on the west (plate 1). The area is in west-central Utah, within the Basin and Range physiographic province, and includes about 1,600 square miles.
Most of the data in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, from 1985 to 1987. Some of the earlier data were previously published by Enright and Holmes (1982), Meinzer (1911), Mower (1963 and 1967), and Mundorff (1970).
The purpose of this report is to provide hydrologic data for use by the general public and by officials managing the area's water resources, and to supplement interpretive reports for the area. Tables 1 to 6 contain information about wells including well completions, drillers' logs, water levels, flowing-well discharges, and chemical quality. Spring and surfacewater site data are listed in tables 7 to 9. Hydrologic-data sites are shown on plate 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr88195","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., 1988, Selected hydrologic data for Pahvant Valley and adjacent areas, Millard County, Utah, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-195, Report: iv, 151 p.; Plate: 23.06 in. x 23.37 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88195.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 151 p.; Plate: 23.06 in. x 23.37 in.","numberOfPages":"154","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science 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Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":172472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30441,"text":"wri874277 - 1988 - Reconnaissance investigation of water-quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Lower Rio Grande Valley and Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, 1986-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-07T22:28:34.000304","indexId":"wri874277","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4277","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of water-quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Lower Rio Grande Valley and Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, 1986-87","docAbstract":"In 1986, the Department of the Interior conducted reconnaissance investigations in nine areas of the western conterminous United States to determine whether irrigation drainage has caused or has the potential to cause harmful effects to human health, fish, and wildlife, or may adversely affect the suitability of water for beneficial uses. Data collected in the lower Rio Grande valley and Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge reconnaissance investigation indicate that concentrations of dissolved minor elements in water are small. The maximum dissolved concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, chromium, selenium, and zinc exceed the 75th-percentile baseline values developed for the study; however, maximum dissolved concentrations of cadmium, mercury, and selenium exceeded the 75th-percentile baseline values by 1 microgram per liter or less. Concentrations of dissolved boron increased significantly from west to east. The smallest concentration of dissolved boron, 220 micrograms per liter, was detected in International Falcon Reservoir. The largest concentration of dissolved boron, 11,000 micrograms per liter, was detected on the refuge in Athel Pond.
\nNo chlorophenoxy herbicides were detected in water during the June 1986 sampling. Simazine, prometone, and atrazine were the only triazine herbicides detected, and concentrations of these herbicides did not exceed 0.8 microgram per liter. DDE, the only organochlorine Insecticide detected in water, was detected at two locations at concentrations of 0.01 micrograms per liter. Methyl parathion, malathion, and diazinon were the only organophosphorus compounds detected in the June 1986 sampling, and the maximum concentrations of these compounds were 0.75, 0.71, and 0.26 micrograms per liter, respectively. The analysis of three samples collected in August 1986 indicate that the types of pesticides collected during runoff were similiar to those detected during the June 1986 sampling. The exception was that the herbicide 2,4-D was detected during runoff.
\nConcentrations of dissolved cadmium exceeded the chronic criteria for freshwater aquatic life in the Cayo Atascoso in the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge. Chromium exceeded the acute and chronic freshwater criteria at four locations in the refuge and in the Laguna Madre. Chromium also exceeded the chronic saltwater criteria in Athel Pond. Concentrations of dissolved copper exceeded the acute and chronic criteria for saltwater aquatic life at 13 locations. Mercury exceeded the chronic criteria for freshwater and saltwater aquatic life at three locations, and dissolved nickel concentrations exceeded the chronic criteria for saltwater aquatic life in the Rio Grande at Anzalduas Dam and in the Resaca de los Frenos near Russeltown.
\nNo organophosphorus insecticides, polychlorinated napthalenes, or polychlorinated biphenyl compounds were detected in four bed-sediment samples. DDE, an organochlorine insecticide, was detected in all four samples at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 34 micrograms per kilogram. Chlordane, ODD, DDE, DOT, and dieldrin were all detected in the Resaca de los Fresnos at U.S. Highway 77 at San Benito with concentrations of 4.0, 9.7, 9.3, 7.3, and 0.1 micrograms per kilogram, respectively. Data collected by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1985 indicate that DDE was detected in approximately 75 percent of the bed sediment samples analyzed. The maximum concentration detected in that study was 6.0 micrograms per gram; the median concentration was 0.01 micrograms per gram.
\nMinor-element data from 22 fish samples indicate that the maximum concentrations of arsenic, copper, mercury, selenium, and zinc exceeded the 85thpercentile baseline concentrations established by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program. None of the median concentrations of these minor elements exceeded the baseline concentrations. The maximum concentrations of aluminum, barium, iron, manganese, and tin were detected in fish collected from International Falcon Reservoir. This reservoir stratifies in the summer, and minor elements may be released from the bed sediments in the deep parts of the reservoir and incorporated into the food chain.
\nToxaphene was detected in 11 fish samples; detectable concentrations ranged from 0.98 to 5.1 micrograms per gram, wet weight. DOT also was detected in 11 fish samples with concentrations ranging from 0.021 to 0.066 micrograms per gram, wet weight. ODD was detected in 21 fish samples; concentrations ranged from 0.015 to 0.16 micrograms per gram, wet weight. DDE was detected in all 22 fish samples, and concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 9.9 micrograms per gram, wet weight. The maximum concentrations of DOT and ODD exceeded the 1980-81 baseline concentrations. The median and maximum concentrations of toxaphene and DDE exceeded the 1980-81 baseline concentrations. The largest concentrations of toxaphene, ODD, and DDE in fish were all measured in samples collected at the Main Floodway near Progreso.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri874277","usgsCitation":"Wells, F.C., Jackson, G.A., and Rogers, W.J., 1988, Reconnaissance investigation of water-quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Lower Rio Grande Valley and Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, 1986-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4277, Report: vi, 89 p.; 3 Plates: 16.52 x 11.82 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874277.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 89 p.; 3 Plates: 16.52 x 11.82 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110250,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46922.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"46922"},{"id":59221,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59220,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59222,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59219,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Lower Rio Grande Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.228515625,\n 26.76032583739443\n ],\n [\n -97.2674560546875,\n 26.566419985978886\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 26.221983043453275\n ],\n [\n -97.14385986328125,\n 25.953105584547533\n ],\n [\n -97.25921630859375,\n 25.950635962446565\n ],\n [\n -97.33062744140625,\n 25.923466700919274\n ],\n [\n -97.36083984375,\n 25.91111496561543\n ],\n [\n -97.36083984375,\n 25.859223554761407\n ],\n [\n -97.37182617187499,\n 25.84439325019514\n ],\n [\n -97.41851806640624,\n 25.839449402063185\n ],\n [\n -97.51739501953125,\n 25.888878582127084\n ],\n [\n -97.58331298828125,\n 25.94816628853973\n ],\n [\n -97.66845703124999,\n 26.02470207419855\n ],\n [\n -97.79205322265625,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -97.9595947265625,\n 26.05678288577881\n ],\n [\n -98.05847167968749,\n 26.04197744797015\n ],\n [\n -98.2122802734375,\n 26.061717616104055\n ],\n [\n -98.31390380859375,\n 26.12091815959972\n ],\n [\n -98.39080810546875,\n 26.162833742569937\n ],\n [\n -98.48419189453125,\n 26.207198534534083\n ],\n [\n -98.602294921875,\n 26.249083096330665\n ],\n [\n -98.67095947265625,\n 26.2318383390133\n ],\n [\n -98.7725830078125,\n 26.322960198925365\n ],\n [\n -98.81103515625,\n 26.367263860129366\n ],\n [\n -98.89617919921875,\n 26.350036674507894\n ],\n [\n -99.08294677734375,\n 26.40417061185344\n ],\n [\n -99.1131591796875,\n 26.436146919246013\n ],\n [\n -99.1021728515625,\n 26.48532391504829\n ],\n [\n -99.1241455078125,\n 26.522192867724723\n ],\n [\n -99.17083740234375,\n 26.539394329017057\n ],\n [\n -99.17083740234375,\n 26.571333057252076\n ],\n [\n -99.20928955078125,\n 26.723533628008123\n ],\n [\n -99.2340087890625,\n 26.748063090366852\n ],\n [\n -99.228515625,\n 26.76032583739443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63eb2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Frank C.","contributorId":80664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Gerry A.","contributorId":173587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Gerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, William J.","contributorId":173588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30513,"text":"wri854185 - 1988 - Simulation of ground-water flow in aquifers along the Susquehanna River in Columbia County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T11:35:12","indexId":"wri854185","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4185","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in aquifers along the Susquehanna River in Columbia County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A numerical model of groundwater flow was developed for a 10.3 sq mi area along the Susquehanna River in Columbia County, east central Pennsylvania. Groundwater in the model area primarily is in secondary openings in the carbonate--and clastic-rock aquifers and primary openings in the glacial-outwash aquifer that discontinuously overlies bedrock. The groundwater flow model was calibrated under average steady-state conditions for 1981. The simulated 1981 water budget indicates an average inflow rate of 7.24 cu ft/sec. Of this, 93% is recharge from precipitation and 6.6% is boundary flow. 62% of the outflow is leakage to streams, 21% to pumpage, and 17% to evapotranspiration. The model was calibrated under transient conditions for December 22, 1980 through April 21, 1982. Water level fluctuations caused by natural stresses were more successfully simulated than those caused by pumping stresses. Three 10-year, hypothetical stress periods were simulated with the calibrated, transient model. The general impact of three pumping schemes under hypothetical drought and drought-recovery conditions were simulated. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854185","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., and Senko, G., 1988, Simulation of ground-water flow in aquifers along the Susquehanna River in Columbia County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4185, vi, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854185.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59291,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4185/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59290,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4185/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59292,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4185/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59293,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4185/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59294,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4185/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59295,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4185/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59296,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4185/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4185/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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J.H.","contributorId":29482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senko, G.E.","contributorId":43820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senko","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3422,"text":"cir1004 - 1988 - Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir1004","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1004","title":"Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 1985","docAbstract":"Water withdrawals in the United States during 1985 were estimated to average 399,000 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of freshwater and saline water for offstream uses--10 percent less than the 1980 estimate. Average per-capita use for all offstream uses was 1,650 gallons per day (gal/d) of freshwater and saline water combined and 1,400 gal/d of freshwater alone. \r\n\r\nOffstream water-use categories are classified in this report as public supply, domestic, commercial, irrigation, livestock, industrial, mining, and thermoelectric power. During 1985, public-supply withdrawals were estimated to be 36,500 Mgal/d, and self-supplied withdrawals were estimated as follows: domestic, 3,320 Mgal/d: commercial, 1,230 Mgal/d; irrigation, 137,000 Mgal/d: livestock, 4,470 Mgal/d; industrial, 25,800 Mgal/d; mining, 3,440 Mgal/d; and thermoelectric power, 187,000 Mgal/d. \r\n\r\nWater use for hydroelectric power generation, the only instream use compiled in this report, was estimated to be 3,050,000 Mgal/d during 1985, or 7 percent less than during 1980. This is in contrast to an increasing trend that persisted from 1950 to 1980. \r\n\r\nEstimates of withdrawals by source indicate that, during 1985, total surface-water withdrawals were 325,000 Mgal/d, or 10 percent less than during 1980, and total ground-water withdrawals were 74,000 Mgal/d, or 12 percent less than during 1980. Total saline-water withdrawals during 1985 were 60,300 Mgal/d, or 16 percent less than during 1980; most was saline surface water. Reclaimed sewage averaged about 579 Mgal/d during 1985, or 22 percent more than during 1980. \r\n\r\nTotal freshwater consumptive use was estimated to be 92,300 Mgal/d during 1985, or 9 percent less than during 1980. Consumptive use by irrigation accounted for the largest part of consumptive use during 1985 and was estimated to be 73,800 Mgal/d. \r\n\r\nA comparison of total withdrawals (fresh and saline) by State indicates that 37 States and Puerto Rico had less water withdrawn for offstream uses during 1985 than during 1980. California accounted for the most water withdrawn for offstream use, 49,700 Mgal/d, more than double the water withdrawn in either Texas or Idaho, the next largest users. A similar comparison by water-resources regions indicates that the California and the South Atlantic-Gulf regions accounted for nearly one-quarter of the total water withdrawn in the United States. Total withdrawals for offstream use in the eastern water-resources regions, which include the Mississippi and Souris Rivers, accounted for 53 percent of the Nation's total withdrawals, compared to 55 percent during 1980. Freshwater consumptive use in the East was about 11 percent of the freshwater withdrawn in the East and accounted for only 21 percent of the Nation's total freshwater consumptive use. By comparison, freshwater consumptive use in the West was about 41 percent of the freshwater withdrawn in the West. \r\n\r\nThe 1985 estimates of total water withdrawals and consumptive use were less than the 1980 estimates; this apparently further confirms a general trend indicated by a slackening in the rate of increase of total withdrawals from 1970 to 1975 and again from 1975 to 1980. Public-supply withdrawals during 1985 were 7 percent more than during 1980, \r\nself-supplied domestic withdrawals were 4 percent less, irrigation withdrawals were 6 \r\npercent less, livestock withdrawals were 108 percent more, and thermoelectric power \r\nWithdrawals were 13 percent less. The combined total for self-supplied industrial, commercial, and mining withdrawals (excluding thermoelectric power) was 30,500 Mgal/d \r\nduring 1985, or 33 percent less than withdrawals listed for 'other' industries during \r\n1980, which also included commercial and mining uses.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/cir1004","usgsCitation":"Solley, W.B., Merk, C.F., and Pierce, R.R., 1988, Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1004, viii, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1004.","productDescription":"viii, 82 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/1004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30437,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/1004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b41a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solley, Wayne B.","contributorId":61409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solley","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merk, Charles F.","contributorId":44503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merk","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, Robert R.","contributorId":62578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30539,"text":"wri884022 - 1988 - Chemical quality, benthic organisms, and sedimentation in streams draining coal-mined lands in Raccoon Creek basin, Ohio, July 1984 through September 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T23:02:33.318175","indexId":"wri884022","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4022","title":"Chemical quality, benthic organisms, and sedimentation in streams draining coal-mined lands in Raccoon Creek basin, Ohio, July 1984 through September 1986","docAbstract":"The Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Reclamation, plans widespread reclamation of abandoned coal mines in the Raccoon Creek basin in southeastern Ohio. Throughout Raccoon Creek basin, chemical, biological, and suspended-sediment data were collected from July 1984 through September 1986. Chemical and biological data collected at 17 sites indicate that the East Branch, Brushy Creek, Hewett Fork, and Little Raccoon Creek subbasins, including Flint Run, are affected by drainage from abandoned coal mines. In these basins, median pH values ranged from 2.6 to 5.1, median acidity values ranged from 20 to 1,040 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as CaCo3, and median alkalinity values ranged from 0 to 4 mg/L as CaCo3. Biological data indicate that these basins do not support diverse populations because of degraded water systems. Suspended-sediment yields of 70.7 tons per square mile per year at the headwaters of Raccoon Creek and 54.5 tons per square mile per year near the month of Raccoon Creek indicate that cumulative sedimentation from erosion of abandoned-mine lands is not excessive in the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884022","usgsCitation":"Wilson, K.S., 1988, Chemical quality, benthic organisms, and sedimentation in streams draining coal-mined lands in Raccoon Creek basin, Ohio, July 1984 through September 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4022, v, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884022.","productDescription":"v, 80 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411688,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46949.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4022/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4022/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Racoon Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.5833,\n 39.4333\n ],\n [\n -82.5833,\n 38.667\n ],\n [\n -82.2,\n 38.667\n ],\n [\n -82.2,\n 39.4333\n ],\n [\n -82.5833,\n 39.4333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e27c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, K. S.","contributorId":41042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2327,"text":"wsp2265 - 1988 - The Spokane aquifer, Washington: its geologic origin and water-bearing and water-quality characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp2265","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2265","title":"The Spokane aquifer, Washington: its geologic origin and water-bearing and water-quality characteristics","docAbstract":"The Spokane aquifer is an unconfined aquifer consisting of coarse sand, gravel, cobbles, and boulders deposited during several catastrophic glacial outburst floods--known as the Spokane Floods---of Pleistocene time. The aquifer is one of the most productive in the United States, and, as the only significant source of good-quality water supply in the Spokane Valley, it has been designated as a 'Sole Source Aquifer' by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. \r\n\r\nThe Spokane aquifer underlies an area of about 135 square miles in the Spokane Valley and varies in saturated thickness from a few feet to 500 feet or more. The aquifer is recharged by ground-water underflow from the Rathdrum Prairie aquifer in Idaho on the east, by ground-water underflow and surface-water seepage from small drainage areas along the Spokane Valley margins, and by percolation from various sources--from rainfall and snowmelt, from some reaches of the Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers, and from septic-tank drain fields, cesspools, and irrigation water. Discharge from the aquifer occurs by ground-water underflow from the lowermost end of the valley, by leakage to the Spokane and the Little Spokane Rivers, by evapotranspiration, and by ground-water withdrawal by pumping. The transmissivity of the aquifer ranges from less than 0.05 to 70 feet squared per second, and its specific yield ranges from less than 5 to 20 percent of the aquifer volume. Seasonal water-level fluctuations in wells tapping the aquifer are generally less than 10 feet. The annual pumpage from the aquifer in 1977 was about 164,000 acre-feet, of which about 70 percent was for municipal supplies, which included some industrial and commercial supplies. \r\n\r\nLand use over the aquifer includes predominantly agricultural activities in the eastern one-third of the valley and urban and residential developments in most of the remaining area. Potential sources of contamination of the aquifer include percolation from cesspools, septic-tank drain fields, and municipal and industrial waste-disposal sites. In general, the high rate of ground-water movement through the highly permeable aquifer materials has resulted in the ground-water quality being little affected by the overlying land use activities. Some local degradation of water quality has occurred due to industrial waste-disposal practices, however. During the water-quality study period of May 1977 to May 1978, average specific conductance of the ground water ranged from less than 100 to about 500 micromhos per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius, average chloride concentration ranged from less than 2 to about 12 milligrams per liter (equivalent to parts per million}, and average nitrate nitrogen concentrations ranged from less than 1 to about 8 milligrams per liter. \r\n\r\nThe streamflow and water quality of the Spokane River, which are related to the flow and quality of water in the Spokane aquifer, indicate that, during the period 1913 to 1978 inclusive, the river at Post Falls, Idaho, had an average annual discharge of 6,307 cubic feet per second, a maximum discharge of 50,100 cubic feet per second, and a minimum discharge of 65 cubic feet per second. The quality of the river water along its course through the study area is affected to some extent by inflows of industrial wastewater and treated municipal sewered water. In the 30-mile reach between the State line and Riverside State Park, during the 1975 to 1978 water years inclusive, concentrations of nearly all the constituents analyzed increased, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen correspondingly decreased from 1968 to 1977 inclusive; coliform bacteria also showed notable increases in the downstream direction.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2265","usgsCitation":"Molenaar, D., 1988, The Spokane aquifer, Washington: its geologic origin and water-bearing and water-quality characteristics: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2265, vii, 74 p. :ill., (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2265.","productDescription":"vii, 74 p. :ill., (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2265/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2265/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a85f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molenaar, Dee","contributorId":34485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molenaar","given":"Dee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2191,"text":"wsp2336A - 1988 - Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14775,"text":"ofr86532 - 1987 - Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts","indexId":"ofr86532","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2191,"text":"wsp2336A - 1988 - Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts","indexId":"wsp2336A","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T11:55:09","indexId":"wsp2336A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2336","chapter":"A","title":"Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts","docAbstract":"The Edwards aquifer is a complexly faulted, carbonate aquifer lying within the Balcones fault zone of south-central Texas. The aquifer consists of thin- to massive-bedded limestone and dolomite, most of which is in the form of mudstones and wackestones. Well-developed secondary porosity has formed in association with former erosional surfaces within the carbonate rocks, within dolomitized-burrowed tidal and evaporitic deposits, and along inclined fractures to produce an aquifer with transmissivities greater than 100 ft2/s. The aquifer is recharged mainly by streamflow losses in the outcrop area of the Edwards aquifer and is discharged by major springs located at considerable distances, as much as 150 mi, from the areas of recharge and by wells. Ground-water flow within the Edwards aquifer of the San Antonio region was simulated to investigate concepts relating to the storage and flow characteristics. The concepts of major interest were the effects of barrier faults on flow direction, water levels, springflow, and storage within the aquifer. A general-purpose, finite-difference model, modified to provide the capability of representing barrier faults, was used to simulate ground-water flow and storage in the aquifer. The approach in model development was to conduct a series of simulations beginning with a simple representation of the aquifer framework and then proceeding to subsequent representations of increasing complexity. The simulations investigated the effects of complex geologic structures and of significant changes in transmissivity, anisotropy, and storage coefficient. Initial values of transmissivity, anisotropy, and storage coefficient were estimated based on concepts developed in previous studies. Results of the simulations confirmed the original estimates of transmissivity values (greater than 100 square feet/s) in the confined zone of the aquifer between San Antonio and Comal Springs. A storage coefficient of 0.05 in the unconfined zone of the aquifer produced the best simulation of water levels and springflow. A major interpretation resulting from the simulations is that two essentially independent areas of regional flow were identified in the west and central part of the study area. Flows from the two areas converge at Comal Springs. The directions of computed flux vectors reflected the presence of major barrier faults, which locally deflect patterns of ground-water movement. The most noticeable deflection is the convergence of flow through a geologic structural opening, the Knippa gap, in eastern Uvalde County. A second significant interpretation is that ground-water flow in northeastern Bexar, Comal, and Hays Counties is diverted by barrier faults toward San Marcos Springs, a regional discharge point. Simulations showed that several barrier faults in the northwestern part of the San Antonio area had a significant effect on storage, water levels, and springflow within the Edwards aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2336A","usgsCitation":"Maclay, R.W., and Land, L.F., 1988, Simulation of flow in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas, and refinement of storage and flow concepts: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2336, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2336A.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27832,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2336a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2336a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2e45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maclay, Robert W.","contributorId":13210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maclay","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16918,"text":"ofr89548 - 1988 - Bathymetric map of the Bowers Basin and Aleutian Basin east of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. 1867 Convention Line, Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-12T20:18:11.512646","indexId":"ofr89548","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-548","title":"Bathymetric map of the Bowers Basin and Aleutian Basin east of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. 1867 Convention Line, Bering Sea","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89548","usgsCitation":"Hall, R.K., Karl, H.A., Carlson, P., Cooper, A.K., Gardner, J., Hunter, R.E., Marlow, M.S., and Stevenson, A., 1988, Bathymetric map of the Bowers Basin and Aleutian Basin east of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. 1867 Convention Line, Bering Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-548, Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 37.00 × 29.32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89548.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 37.00 × 29.32 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408231,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19093.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":46030,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0548/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46029,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0548/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0548/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170,\n 52\n ],\n [\n -164,\n 52\n ],\n [\n -164,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -170,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -170,\n 52\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, R. K.","contributorId":11233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":80649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooper, A. K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunter, R. E.","contributorId":48148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marlow, M. S.","contributorId":76743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stevenson, A.J.","contributorId":27864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevenson","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1893,"text":"wsp2319 - 1988 - Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19375,"text":"ofr84437 - 1984 - Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan Cutthroat trout eggs in the , west-central Nevada and eastern California","indexId":"ofr84437","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan Cutthroat trout eggs in the , west-central Nevada and eastern California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1893,"text":"wsp2319 - 1988 - Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California","indexId":"wsp2319","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T11:44:23","indexId":"wsp2319","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2319","title":"Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has an ongoing program to assess the feasibility of reestablishing naturally spawning populations of Lahontan cutthroat trout in the Truckee River-Pyramid Lake system in Nevada. Previous in situ egg-survival studies have documented a 100 percent mortality of cutthroat trout eggs artificially planted in potential spawning gravels in the Truckee River downstream from Reno. The relation between ambient river-quality conditions and the observed mortality of eggs, however, has not been adequately documented. This study was designed to monitor the quality of surface and intragravel water during a trout-egg incubation period that began March 10, 1980. Five sites were monitored: two upstream from Reno (background sites), one near Reno, and two downstream from Wadsworth. \r\n\r\nAfter an incubation period of about 30 days, poor egg survival was recorded at all sites, including an unexpected high mortality at the upstream background sites. Analyses of the data indicated that the principal cause of egg mortality at the two downstream sites was low concentrations (less than 5 milligrams per liter) of intragravel dissolved oxygen. Low water temperatures, rather than degraded water-quality conditions, largely contributed to the poor survival at the upstream sites. \r\n\r\nBased on the results of this study, the following were considered unlikely to be mortality factors during the incubation period: (1) high water temperatures; (2) toxicity due to ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, and zinc; and (3) decreasing intragravel dissolved oxygen caused by inflow of oxygen-poor ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2319","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., and Scoppettone, G.G., 1988, Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2319, iv, 21 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2319.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. ","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2319/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27182,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2319/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Truckee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.72052001953125,\n 39.059716474034666\n ],\n [\n -120.72052001953125,\n 40.23550866893913\n ],\n [\n -118.12774658203125,\n 40.23550866893913\n ],\n [\n -118.12774658203125,\n 39.059716474034666\n ],\n [\n -120.72052001953125,\n 39.059716474034666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6253a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, Ray J.","contributorId":53770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Ray J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scoppettone, Gary G.","contributorId":23925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33214,"text":"b1790 - 1988 - Geologic and hydrologic investigations of a potential nuclear waste disposal site at Yucca Mountain, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-27T19:16:44.250593","indexId":"b1790","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1790","title":"Geologic and hydrologic investigations of a potential nuclear waste disposal site at Yucca Mountain, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"Crustal velocity sections based on two seismic-refraction profiles are presented for the area west of Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada. The Crater Flat profile is interpreted in terms of six velocity layers ranging from 1.5 to 6.1 km/s. Interpretation of the Beatty profile reveals an escarpment near the northeast edge of Bare Mountain, where Paleozoic rocks are probably down-faulted 2600 m into a volcano-tectonic depression in Crater Flat. The seismic profiles and inferred density-velocity relations have been incorporated into an east-west gravity model from Death Valley to Crater Flat, corresponding to the Beatty seismic profile. An important feature of this model is the inferred continuity of a layer interpreted as the lower plate of a regional decollement or detachment fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1790","usgsCitation":"1988, Geologic and hydrologic investigations of a potential nuclear waste disposal site at Yucca Mountain, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1790, v, 152 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1790.","productDescription":"v, 152 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":60999,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1790/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1790/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":402072,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21937.htm","text":"Preliminary study of Quaternary faulting on the east side of Bare Mountain, Nye County, Nevada [chapter 8]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481287,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21938.htm","text":"Regional geologic and geophysical maps of the southern Great Basin [chapter 2]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481288,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21939.htm","text":"Volcano-tectonic setting of Yucca Mountain and Crater Flat, southwestern Nevada [chapter 4]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a81b9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carr, Michael D.","contributorId":106178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729741,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yount, James C.","contributorId":39341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729742,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33589,"text":"b1776 - 1988 - Studies of the early Mesozoic basins of the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-05T21:56:51.942202","indexId":"b1776","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1776","title":"Studies of the early Mesozoic basins of the eastern United States","docAbstract":"The papers collected in this volume are extended versions selected from material given as oral and poster presentations at a workshop called \"Geology of the Early Mesozoic Basins of Eastern North America,' held at the National Center of the US Geological Survey, May 11-14, 1987. The section titles are: 1) studies related to early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, 2) studies related to Jurassic igneous rocks, 3) studies related to geophysics, structure, and tectonics, 4) studies related to mineral resources, and 5) fieldtrip guides to the Culpeper basin, Virginia. -from Editors
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1776","usgsCitation":"Froelich, A., and Robinson, G., 1988, Studies of the early Mesozoic basins of the eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1776, Report: xv, 423 p. 1 Plate: 26.50 x 17.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1776.","productDescription":"Report: xv, 423 p. 1 Plate: 26.50 x 17.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403081,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21901.htm","text":"An overview of Early Mesozoic intrusive rocks in the Culpeper basin, Virginia and Maryland [section 2]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":61476,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1776/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1776/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61475,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1776/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":482933,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21902.htm","text":"Magnetic and gravity fields of Early Mesozoic diabase sheets in the northern Durham basin, North Carolina [section 2]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":482934,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21903.htm","text":"Petrographic characteristics of the three major basalt flow series of the Culpeper basin, Virginia [section 2]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":482935,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21904.htm","text":"Reinterpretation of the relationship of the western extension of the Palisades sill to the lava flows at Ladentown, New York, based on new core data [section 2]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":482936,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21905.htm","text":"Stratigraphic framework and distribution of Early Mesozoic rocks of the northern Newark basin, New Jersey and New York [section 1]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":482937,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21906.htm","text":"Structural analysis of the Furlong fault and the relation of mineralization to faulting and diabase intrusion, Newark basin, Pennsylvania [section 2]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":482938,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21907.htm","text":"Uniform symbols for the Newark Supergroup [section 1]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699ddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Froelich, A.J.","contributorId":13593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froelich","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, G.R. Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":34107,"text":"b1762 - 1988 - Geochemistry of mineralized quartzite beds in the Spokane Formation (Belt Supergroup), Rogers Pass area, Lewis and Clark County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T18:49:58.4724","indexId":"b1762","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1762","title":"Geochemistry of mineralized quartzite beds in the Spokane Formation (Belt Supergroup), Rogers Pass area, Lewis and Clark County, Montana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1762","usgsCitation":"Connor, J.J., and McNeal, J.M., 1988, Geochemistry of mineralized quartzite beds in the Spokane Formation (Belt Supergroup), Rogers Pass area, Lewis and Clark County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1762, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1762.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409124,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21893.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":164132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1762/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":62029,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1762/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Lewis and Clark County","otherGeospatial":"Rogers Pass area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.475,\n 47.8\n ],\n [\n -112.475,\n 47.02\n ],\n [\n -112.361,\n 47.02\n ],\n [\n -112.361,\n 47.8\n ],\n [\n -112.475,\n 47.8\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6aab45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, Jon J.","contributorId":21948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNeal, James M. jmcneal@usgs.gov","contributorId":2810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeal","given":"James","email":"jmcneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":212464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":12138,"text":"ofr88344 - 1988 - Location maps and list of U.S. Geological Survey reports on water resources in Alaska, 1950 to 1988","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12138,"text":"ofr88344 - 1988 - Location maps and list of U.S. Geological Survey reports on water resources in Alaska, 1950 to 1988","indexId":"ofr88344","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Location maps and list of U.S. Geological Survey reports on water resources in Alaska, 1950 to 1988"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":17308,"text":"ofr9160 - 1991 - Location maps and list of U.S. Geological Survey reports on water resources in Alaska 1950 to 1990","indexId":"ofr9160","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Location maps and list of U.S. Geological Survey reports on water resources in Alaska 1950 to 1990"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":17308,"text":"ofr9160 - 1991 - Location maps and list of U.S. Geological Survey reports on water resources in Alaska 1950 to 1990","indexId":"ofr9160","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Location maps and list of U.S. Geological Survey reports on water resources in Alaska 1950 to 1990"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-08T22:12:55.946273","indexId":"ofr88344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-344","title":"Location maps and list of U.S. Geological Survey reports on water resources in Alaska, 1950 to 1988","docAbstract":"The objective of this compilation is to provide a listing of water-resources reports in Alaska by location. For the purposes of this report, Alaska has been divided into six geographic sections: Arctic Slope, West, Southwest, East-Central, Southcentral, and Southeast. In addition, reports are cited in the following categories: Statewide and Topical, Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, and Glaciers. The Statewide and Topical reports are not located on maps. The index to the location maps is on the facing page. The numbers on the location maps refer to the bibliographic citations. (Gaps have been left in the numbering system for additional reports in future editions of this compilation.)
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Elisabeth F.","contributorId":40616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Elisabeth F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879757,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38436,"text":"pp1404C - 1988 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia coastal plain","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10306,"text":"ofr84728 - 1984 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia coastal plain","indexId":"ofr84728","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia coastal plain"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38436,"text":"pp1404C - 1988 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia coastal plain","indexId":"pp1404C","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia coastal plain"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T19:12:46.556498","indexId":"pp1404C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1404","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia coastal plain","docAbstract":"This report defines the hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia Coastal Plain and is a product of a comprehensive regional study to define the geology, hydrology, and geochemistry of the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system extending from North Carolina to Long Island, New York.
The Virginia Coastal Plain consists of an eastward-thickening wedge of generally unconsolidated, interbedded sands and clays, ranging in age from Early Cretaceous to Holocene. These sediments range in thickness from more than 6,000 feet beneath the northeastern part of the Eastern Shore Peninsula to nearly 0 feet along the Fall Line. Eight confined aquifers, eight confining units, and an uppermost water table aquifer are delineated as the hydrogeologic framework of the Coastal Plain sediments in Virginia. The nine regional aquifers, from oldest to youngest, are lower, middle, and upper Potomac, Brightseat, Aquia, Chickahominy-Piney Point, St. Marys-Choptank, Yorktown-Eastover, and Columbia. The Brightseat is a newly identified and correlated aquifer of early Paleoceneage. This study is one of other, similar studies of the Coastal Plain areas in North Carolina, Maryland-Delaware, New Jersey, and Long Island, New York. These combined studies provide a system of hydrogeologic units that can be identified and correlated throughout the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain.
Data for this study were collected and analyzed from October 1979 to May 1983. The nine aquifers and eight confining units are identified and delineated by use of geophysical logs, drillers' information, and stratigraphic and paleontologic data. By correlating geophysical logs with hydrologic, stratigraphic, and paleontologic data throughout the Coastal Plain, a comprehensive multilayered framework of aquifers and confining units, each with distinct lithologic properties, was developed. Cross sections show the stratigraphic relationships of aquifers and confining units in the hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia Coastal Plain. Maps show confining-unit thicknesses and altitudes of aquifer tops, provide the basis for assigning aquifers to screened intervals of observation and production wells, and are used for the development of a comprehensive observation-well network in the Virginia Coastal Plain.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1404C","usgsCitation":"Meng, A.A., and Harsh, J.F., 1988, Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia coastal plain: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404, Report: iv, 82 p.: 4 Plates: 49.25 x 31.7 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1404C.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 82 p.: 4 Plates: 49.25 x 31.7 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484735,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4843.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3447,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/pp1404-C/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":337655,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1404-C/pdf/pp_1404-c.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":124475,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1404_c.jpg"},{"id":340351,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1404c/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340350,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1404c/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340349,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1404c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340348,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1404c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.0361328125,\n 38.91668153637508\n ],\n [\n -77.0965576171875,\n 38.96795115401593\n ],\n [\n -77.2613525390625,\n 38.950865400919994\n ],\n [\n -77.4151611328125,\n 38.8824811975508\n ],\n [\n -77.640380859375,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -77.7996826171875,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -77.8985595703125,\n 38.16047628099622\n ],\n [\n -78.0633544921875,\n 37.66208079655377\n ],\n [\n -78.1732177734375,\n 37.19095471582605\n ],\n [\n -78.2281494140625,\n 36.54936246839778\n ],\n [\n -75.82763671875,\n 36.55377524336089\n ],\n [\n -75.87158203125,\n 36.74328605437939\n ],\n [\n -75.9210205078125,\n 36.92793899776678\n ],\n [\n -75.750732421875,\n 37.208456662000195\n ],\n [\n -75.552978515625,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -75.52001953125,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -75.38818359375,\n 37.81846319511331\n ],\n [\n -75.1739501953125,\n 38.004819966413194\n ],\n [\n -75.201416015625,\n 38.043765107439675\n ],\n [\n -75.2947998046875,\n 38.039438891821746\n ],\n [\n -75.6243896484375,\n 38.00049145082287\n ],\n [\n -75.948486328125,\n 38.07836562996712\n ],\n [\n -76.2725830078125,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -76.4044189453125,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -76.497802734375,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 38.156156969924915\n ],\n [\n -76.651611328125,\n 38.190704293996504\n ],\n [\n -76.7889404296875,\n 38.20797181420939\n ],\n [\n -76.904296875,\n 38.25543637637947\n ],\n [\n -76.9976806640625,\n 38.35458032659834\n ],\n [\n -77.0416259765625,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -77.156982421875,\n 38.36750215395045\n ],\n [\n -77.2613525390625,\n 38.363195134453846\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -77.2833251953125,\n 38.496593518947584\n ],\n [\n -77.23388671874999,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -77.1514892578125,\n 38.634036452919226\n ],\n [\n -77.135009765625,\n 38.6897975322717\n ],\n [\n -77.069091796875,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -77.0306396484375,\n 38.80975079723835\n ],\n [\n -77.0361328125,\n 38.91668153637508\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6279ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meng, Andrew A. III","contributorId":63858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meng","given":"Andrew","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harsh, John F.","contributorId":81905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harsh","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}