There were no major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) during this reporting period. Earthquake-related deaths were reported from Czechoslovakia and injuries were reported from Algeria and Greece.
\nIn the United States a sharp earthquake occurred in eastern Kentucky, causing some minro damage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1989, Earthquakes, September-October 1988: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 21, no. 2, p. 85-88.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"88","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d033dbe4b015c306ee0ec4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180931,"text":"70180931 - 1989 - The Resurrection Peninsula ophiolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T17:46:58","indexId":"70180931","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Resurrection Peninsula ophiolite","docAbstract":"The Resurrection Peninsula forms the east side of Resurrection Bay (fig. 3). Relief ranges from 437 m (1,434 ft) at the southern end of the peninsula to more than 1,463 m (4,800 ft) opposite the head of the bay. All rock units composing the informally named Resurrection Peninsula ophiolite of Nelson and others (1987) are visible or accessible by boat.
\"Ophiolite\" has been a geologic term since 1827 (Coleman, 1977). The term \"ophiolite\" initially referred to the rock serpentinite; the Greek root \"ophi\" (meaning snake or serpent) alluded to the greenish, mottled, and shiny appearance of serpentinites. In 1927, Steinmann described a rock association in the Alps, sometimes known as the \"Steinmann Trinity', consisting of serpentine, diabase and spilitic lavas, and chert. Recognition of this suite led to the idea that ophiolites represent submarine magmatism that took place early in the development of a eugeosyncline. In the early 1970s the Steinmann Trinity was reconsidered in light of the plate tectonic theory, new petrologic studies, and the recognition of abducted oceanic lithosphere in orogenic belts of the world. In 1972 at a Geological Society of America Penrose Conference (Anonymous, 1972) the term \"ophiolite\" was defined as a distinctive assemblage of mafic to ultramafic rocks, with no emphasis on their origin. A complete ophiolite should contain, from bottom to top:
1) Tectonized ultramafic rocks (more or less serpentinized)
2) Gabbro complex containing cumulus textures and commonly cumulus peridotites
3) Mafic sheeted-dike complex, grading upward into;
4) Submarine pillow lavas of basaltic composition. Common associated rock types include plagiogranite (Na-rich) and an overlying sedimentary section typically dominated by chert.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Guide to the ceology of the Resurrection Bay - Eastern Kenai Fjords area","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Nelson, S.W., Miller, M.L., and Dumoulin, J.A., 1989, The Resurrection Peninsula ophiolite, chap. of Guide to the ceology of the Resurrection Bay - Eastern Kenai Fjords area, p. 9-20.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335016,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/alaska/data/022/022001/9_akgs0220009.htm"},{"id":335017,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.alaskageology.org/pubfieldbooks.htm","text":"AGS Publications list: Item #FG13"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Resurrection Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.43878173828125,\n 59.796489325638376\n ],\n [\n -149.43878173828125,\n 60.20298075456985\n ],\n [\n -149.04052734375,\n 60.20298075456985\n ],\n [\n -149.04052734375,\n 59.796489325638376\n ],\n [\n -149.43878173828125,\n 59.796489325638376\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c50e4b0efcedb741120","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Nelson, Steven W.","contributorId":74024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662891,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Thomas D.","contributorId":91474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662892,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Steven W.","contributorId":74024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197160,"text":"70197160 - 1989 - Paleomagnetic study of the Eastern Klamath terrane, California, and implications for the tectonic history of the Klamath Mountains Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T13:52:40","indexId":"70197160","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic study of the Eastern Klamath terrane, California, and implications for the tectonic history of the Klamath Mountains Province","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic study of Permian through Jurassic volcanic and sedimentary strata of the Eastern Klamath terrane has shown the remanent magnetization of many of these rocks to be prefolding and most likely primary. Similarities in magnetic declinations recorded by coeval strata over a broad area are consistent with the hypothesis that the terrane, in general, has behaved as a single rigid block. Paleomagnetic data indicate that the volcanic island arc represented by this terrane, the nucleus of the province, was facing toward the present southwest during late Paleozoic time, although its orientation during earlier periods is unknown. Whether the arc was separated from the North American craton by a small marginal basin or originated far offshore cannot be determined from paleomagnetic data. The declination anomalies for both Permian and Triassic strata are similar (average = 106° ± 12°), so we infer that clockwise rotation of the late Paleozoic arc did not begin until latest Triassic or earliest Jurassic time. The arc may have completed its initial rotation with respect to stable North America by Middle Jurassic time. After some retrograde motion, the arc was again facing west by the Late Jurassic, by which time some of the more westerly terranes of the province had become attached to the Eastern Klamath terrane. The composite Klamath Mountains terranes continued to rotate until the final 60° of clockwise rotation was nearly complete by the Early Cretaceous. Coincidence of the waning stages of rotation, at about 136 Ma, with the beginning of deposition of the basal Great Valley sequence onto the Klamath basement probably represents the completion of accretion of the Klamath Mountains terranes to the North American continent. Nearly all the rotation occurred while the Klamath Mountains terranes were part of a converging oceanic plate, with only about 20° of rotation in mid‐Tertiary time during Basin and Range extension. No data currently available show evidence for any significant latitudinal displacement of any Klamath Mountains terranes relative to cratonic North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB08p10444","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., Irwin, W., and Gromme, C.S., 1989, Paleomagnetic study of the Eastern Klamath terrane, California, and implications for the tectonic history of the Klamath Mountains Province: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B8, p. 10444-10472, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB08p10444.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"10444","endPage":"10472","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff312ae4b0da30c1bfd8b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gromme, C. Sherman","contributorId":22236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sherman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70137839,"text":"70137839 - 1989 - Holocene sand shoals offshore of the Mississippi River delta plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-13T11:30:41","indexId":"70137839","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene sand shoals offshore of the Mississippi River delta plain","docAbstract":"Offshore of the Mississippi River delta plain lies a series of Holocene sand shoals marking the position of ancient submerged shorelines associated with younger shelf-phase delta plains. These submerged shorelines represent positions when sea level stood lower than present. Short periods of rapid sea level rise during the Holocene transgression, in combination with subsidence, led to the submergence of these sandy shorelines, which can be recognized at the -33 ft (-10 m) and -66 ft (-20 m) isobaths on the Louisiana continental shelf
\n\n
The -33 ft (-10 m) shoreline trend is represented by Trinity Shoal and Ship Shoal, which are associated with the late Holocene Mississippi River delta plain. Trinity Shoal is derived from the Cypremont-Sale delta complex and is located 12 mi (20 km) offshore of Marsh Island. This shoal is 22 mi (35 km) long, 5 mi (8 km) wide, and 16 - 20 ft (5 - 6 m) thick. The facies relationships indicate that Trinity Shoal is a submerged barrier system in the initial stages of shoreface reworking. To the east is Ship Shoal which is associated with the Maringouin-Teche delta complex. This shoal is located 12 mi (20 km) offshore of the Isles Dernieres and is 31 mi (50 km) long, 5 - 6 mi (8 - 10 km) wide, and 13 - 20 ft (4 - 6 m) thick. The facies relationships indicate that Ship Shoal is a marine sand body derived from shoreface reworking of a submerged barrier island.
\n\n
The -66 ft (-20 m) shoreline trend is represented by the Outer Shoal and St. Bernard Shoals, which are associated with the early Mississippi River delta plain. The Outer Shoal is a low relief sand body, which lies seaward of Ship Shoal immediately west of the Mississippi Canyon. The eastern continuation of the -66 ft (-20 m) shoreline trend is the St. Bernard Shoals, which lie 16 mi (25 km) offshore of the Chandeleur Islands. In contrast to the other shoal systems, the St. Bernard Shoals form a shore-parallel zone of more than seven smaller sand shoals which, in many respects, are similar to a shore-oblique sand-ridge field.
\nCollectively, these sand shoals represent a large potential source of aggregate for shoreline restoration and erosion control as well as possible hard mineral resources. Scientifically, these shoals provide insight into the processes which control coastal evolution and shelf sand development under the condition of relative sea level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Penland, S., Suter, J.R., McBride, R., Williams, S.J., Kindinger, J.L., and Boyd, R., 1989, Holocene sand shoals offshore of the Mississippi River delta plain: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 39, p. 471-480.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"480","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297170,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/039/039001/0471.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.83447265624999,\n 30.20211367909724\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -89.5166015625,\n 46.28622391806708\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -92.83447265624999,\n 30.20211367909724\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bc6e4b08de9379b34c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penland, Shea","contributorId":88401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suter, John R.","contributorId":42362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McBride, Randolph A.","contributorId":48711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBride","given":"Randolph A.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyd, Ron","contributorId":54737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70137840,"text":"70137840 - 1989 - Impacts of exploratory drilling for oil and gas on the benthic environment of Georges Bank","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T11:46:18","indexId":"70137840","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of exploratory drilling for oil and gas on the benthic environment of Georges Bank","docAbstract":"A 3-year monitoring program was performed to assess the impacts of exploratory drilling for oil and gas on the benthic environment of Georges Bank, an important commercial fishery region in the North Atlantic east of Massachusetts, USA. Surficial sediments were sampled for chemical and benthic infaunal analysis and bottom still photographs were taken to document bottom microtopography and epifauna at 46 stations during 12 field surveys. The surveys were performed quarterly from just before drilling began, during drilling, and for nearly 2 years after completion of drilling. Two of the eight drilling sites were selected for monitoring. Twenty-nine stations were positioned in a tight radial array around a drilling site in 80 m of water. A second group of three stations was positioned near another drilling site in 140 m of water. The remaining stations covered a broad expanse of the Bank and adjacent suspected sites of deposition of fine-grained sediments.\\
\n\n
Of the 12 elements analyzed in bulk sediments, only barium increased in concentration during the period when drilling was taking place (July 1981 to September 1982). The concentration of barium in surficial sediment increased 4·7-fold from 28 ppm before drilling to 131·7 ppm after drilling at the station closest to the drilling site in 80 m of water and 5·9-fold from 32 ppm before drilling to 172 ppm after drilling at the station closest to the drilling site in 140 m of water. The concentrations of both barium and chromium increased in the fine (silt/clay) fraction (usually less than 5% by weight of sediment from most stations) of sediments from several stations around one or both rig sites monitored during the period of drilling. Elevated concentrations of chromium (about two-fold) occurred only in sediments near the drilling site in 140 m of water. Statistically significant increases in the concentration of barium in the fine fraction to sediment were detected approximately 65 km west (downcurrent) and 35 km east of the drilling site in 80 m of water after drilling was completed.
\n\n
The benthic fauna were abundant and diverse throughout the study area. At most stations, the dominant species remained nearly the same from one season to another over the 3 years of sampling. Polychaetes were the most abundant, followed by crustaceans. The number of individuals of some species, particularly the amphipods Erichthonius fasciatus and Unciola inermis, showed large seasonal variations.
\n\n
Cluster analysis revealed a strong relationship between community structure and both sediment type and water depth. Little seasonal variation was detected, but some interannual differences were revealed by cluster analysis and correspondence analysis. The replicates from a station always resembled each other more than they resembled any replicates from other stations. In addition, the combined replicates from a station always clustered with samples from that station taken on other cruises. This excellent replication and uniformity of the benthic infaunal community at a station over time made it possible to detect very subtle changes in community parameters that might be related to discharges of drilling fluid and drill cuttings. Nevertheless, no changes were detected in benthic communities of Georges Bank that could be attributed to drilling activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0141-1136(89)90002-0","usgsCitation":"Neff, J.M., Bothner, M., Maciolek, N.J., and Grassle, J.F., 1989, Impacts of exploratory drilling for oil and gas on the benthic environment of Georges Bank: Marine Environmental Research, v. 27, no. 2, p. 77-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(89)90002-0.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"114","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Georges Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.23486328124999,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -69.6533203125,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -69.98291015625,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -73.54248046875,\n 42.08191667830631\n ],\n [\n -73.23486328124999,\n 42.827638636242284\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bd0e4b08de9379b34f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neff, J. M.","contributorId":138626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maciolek, N. J.","contributorId":138627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maciolek","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grassle, J. F.","contributorId":8621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grassle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70137845,"text":"70137845 - 1989 - Inner shelf deposits of the Louisiana-Mississippi-Alabama region, Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-13T12:42:17","indexId":"70137845","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inner shelf deposits of the Louisiana-Mississippi-Alabama region, Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The late Quaternary morphology, shallow stratigraphy and sediment distribution of the Louisiana-Mississippi-Alabama inner shelf region are the product of transgressive and regressive sedimentary processes. Shelf sedimentary facies were deposited by deltaic progradation, followed by shoreface erosion and submergence. This information is based on interpretations and synthesis of more than 4,160 mi (6,700 km) of high resolution seismic profiles, 75 grab samples, and 77 vibracores.
\n\n
The shelf can be divided into two main depositional regions. The southwestern region, east and south of the Mississippi River plain, was formed by early Holocene delta complexes, overlying a late Wisconsinan delta. Deposits of the late Wisconsinan delta consist of well-defined coarsening-upward sequences and represent deltaic progradation during low sea level stands. The relatively recent Mississippi delta complexes have deposits which consist of fine-grained sands, silt and clay. With the late Holocene rise in sea level, asymmetrical sand ridges (16 ft, or 5 m, relief) have formed due to marine reworking of shoreline features.
\n\n
The northeastern region, offshore of the Mississippi-Alabama barrier islands, was formed by Pleistocene fluvial systems and Recent shoreface erosion and ravinement. Underlying the relatively thin Holocene sediment cover are relict fluvial sands which were deposited during the late Wisconsinan lowstand. Subsequent sea level rise allowed marine processes to rework and redistribute sediments forming the nearshore fine-grained facies and shelf sands sheet.
","language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Kindinger, J.L., Penland, S., Williams, S.J., and Suter, J.R., 1989, Inner shelf deposits of the Louisiana-Mississippi-Alabama region, Gulf of Mexico: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 39, p. 413-420.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"420","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297176,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/039/039001/0413.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.595703125,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 17.895114303749153\n ],\n [\n -100.546875,\n 27.293689224852407\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n -80.595703125,\n 25.045792240303445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bd6e4b08de9379b350c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Penland, Shea","contributorId":88401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suter, John R.","contributorId":42362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195529,"text":"70195529 - 1989 - Depositional aspects and a guide to Paleocene coal-bearing sequences, Powder River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T16:20:22","indexId":"70195529","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Depositional aspects and a guide to Paleocene coal-bearing sequences, Powder River Basin","docAbstract":"The Paleocene coal-bearing sequences in the northern Powder River Basin are contained in the Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation and include anomalously thick (54 m) subbituminous coals. These thick coals have been the target of exploration and development for the past few decades. For the past decade, these coals have also been the object of depositional modeling studies [Law, 1976; Galloway, 1979; Flores, 1981, 1983, 1986; Ethridge and others, 1981; Ayers and Kaiser, 1984; Warwick, 1985; Ayers, 1986; Moore, 1986; Warwick and Stanton, 1988].
Intensive modeling of these coals has resulted in two major schools of thought. Firstly, Galloway [1979], Flores [1981, 1983, 1986], Ethridge and others [1981], Warwick [1985], Moore [1986], and Warwick and Stanton [1988] believe that the coals formed from peat that accumulated in swamps of fluvial systems. The fluvial systems are interpreted as a basin axis trunktributary complex that drained to the north-northeast into the Williston Basin. Secondly, Ayers and Kaiser [1984] and Ayers [1986] believe that the coals formed from peat swamps of deltaic systems. These deltas are envisioned to have prograded east to west from the Black Hills and infilled Lebo lake that was centrally located along the basin axis.
In order to explain the low ash content of the thick coals, Flores [1981] proposed that they are formed as domed peats, similar in geomorphology to swamps associated with the modern fluvial systems in Borneo as described by Anderson [1964]. Ethridge and others [1981] suggested that these fluvial-related swamps are platforms well above drainage systems and are fed by ground water that is recharged from surrounding highlands. Warwick [1985], Warwick and Stanton [1988], Satchell [1984], and Pocknall and Flores [1987] confirmed the domed peat hypothesis by investigating the petrology and palynology of the thick coals.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a guide to the depositional aspects of the thick coals in the Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation and, because of the biases of the field trip leaders, it elaborates on the fluvial origin of the swamps in which the thick coals formed. Case histories of these thick coals and associated sediments in the Gillette, Powder River, and Kaycee-Linch areas of Wyoming and in the Decker-Tongue River area of Montana (fig. 1) are highlighted on this field trip.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tertiary and Cretaceous coals in the Rocky Mountains region: Casper, Wyoming to Salt Lake City, Utah June 29-July 8, 1989","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/FT132p0001","isbn":"9780875905846","usgsCitation":"Flores, R.M., Warwick, P.D., and Moore, T.A., 1989, Depositional aspects and a guide to Paleocene coal-bearing sequences, Powder River Basin, in Tertiary and Cretaceous coals in the Rocky Mountains region: Casper, Wyoming to Salt Lake City, Utah June 29-July 8, 1989, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/FT132p0001.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff313de4b0da30c1bfd8d5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Flores, Romeo M. rflores@usgs.gov","contributorId":71984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Romeo","email":"rflores@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729118,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729119,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Timothy A.","contributorId":9378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729120,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glass, Gary","contributorId":55831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glass","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729121,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Archie","contributorId":92647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Archie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729122,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729123,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wolfe, Jack A.","contributorId":102474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729124,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stanton, Ronald W.","contributorId":37386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729125,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weaver, Jean","contributorId":28578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Jean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729126,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":9}],"authors":[{"text":"Flores, Romeo M. rflores@usgs.gov","contributorId":71984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Romeo","email":"rflores@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Timothy A.","contributorId":9378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189291,"text":"70189291 - 1989 - Performance and utility of satellite telemetry during field studies of free-ranging polar bears in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:03:20","indexId":"70189291","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"7","title":"Performance and utility of satellite telemetry during field studies of free-ranging polar bears in Alaska","docAbstract":"Satellite telemetry technology has been used during field studies of polar bears in Alaska since 1985. A total of 109 Platform Transmitter Terminals (PTT) have been deployed on free-ranging female polar bears that seasonally inhabit waters adjacent to the Alaskan coast. The PTTs transmitted locational and sensor data to TIROS-N polar-orbiting satellites during a duty cycle of 12 hours on/60 hours off in 1985, 1986, and 1987. Expected battery life was 13.8 months, and collars were normally removed and replaced with new or refurbished PTTs at 11-13 month intervals. Duty cycles were altered to 7-8 hours on/64-65 hours off in 1988 to prolong expected battery life to 19-21 months. Sensor data transmitted included PTT internal temperature, short term activity counts recorded at 60 second intervals, and long term activity counts for the preceding 24 or 72-hour period. Early failures of PTTs to fix location (less than 75% of expected battery life) were as high as 53% during 198501986. Subsequent improvements in battery design, including better shock insulation, improved electronic, and an improved battery system have reduced early failures to 27% in 1987-1988. The harsh environment and the degree of abuse observed in recovered collars indicate that an unavoidable failure rate of 8-10% is inherent within 60 days after deployment on polar bears. A total of 18,000 locations and 201,000 sensor messages were received from female polar bears between May 1985 and June 1988. Polar bears that were marked in Alaskan waters have been located as far south as 60°N 168°W, and as far east as 70°N 127°W in the Beaufort Sea. Polar bears in the Beaufort Sea are shared with Canada, while polar bears in the Chukchi and Bering seas are shared with the Soviet Union. The international ranges of the two hypothesized populations have been documented. Satellite telemetry has detailed the large movement patterns of polar bear over these vast areas that were previously not available using other techniques.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biotelemetry X: Proceedings of the 10th international symposium on biotelemetry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"10th International Symposium on Biotelemetry","conferenceDate":"July 31 - August 6, 1988","conferenceLocation":"Fayetteville, AR","language":"English","publisher":"University of Arkansas Press","publisherLocation":"Fayetteville, AK","isbn":"1-55728-082-7","usgsCitation":"Garner, G.W., Amstrup, S.C., Douglas, D., and Gardner, C.L., 1989, Performance and utility of satellite telemetry during field studies of free-ranging polar bears in Alaska, in Biotelemetry X: Proceedings of the 10th international symposium on biotelemetry, Fayetteville, AR, July 31 - August 6, 1988, p. 66-76.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"76","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Soviet Union, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea, Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59634098e4b0d1f9f059d812","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Amlaner, Charles J. Jr.","contributorId":111465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amlaner","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703973,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardner, Craig L.","contributorId":65259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157487,"text":"70157487 - 1988 - Relationship between annual runoff and watershed area for the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-24T13:34:27","indexId":"70157487","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-16T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between annual runoff and watershed area for the eastern United States","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's effort to determine the long-term effects of acidic deposition on surface water chemistry, annual runoff was estimated for about 1000 ungaged sites in the eastern U.S. using runoff contour maps. One concern in using contour maps was that a bias may be introduced in the runoff estimates due to the size of the 1000 ungaged sites relative to the size of the watersheds used in developing the maps. To determine if a bias was present the relationship between the annual runoff (expressed as depth) and the watershed area for the Northeast (NE) and Southern Blue Ridge Province (SBRP) was tested using five regional data bases. One short-term data base (1984 Water Year, n = 531) and two long-term data bases (1940–57, n = 134 and 1951–80, n = 342) were used in the NE. In the SBRP one short-term database (1984 Water Year, n = 531) and one long-term data base (1951–80, n = 60) were used. For the NE and the SBRP, runoff was not directly correlated with watershed area using the five regional databases. Also, runoff normalized by precipitation was not related to watershed area.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00877.x","usgsCitation":"Rochelle, B.P., Church, M.R., Gebert, W.A., Graczyk, D., and Krug, W.R., 1988, Relationship between annual runoff and watershed area for the eastern United States: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, no. 1, p. 35-41, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00877.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"northeastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.8408203125,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -67.587890625,\n 47.18971246448421\n ],\n [\n -68.64257812499999,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -71.3232421875,\n 45.767522962149904\n ],\n [\n -72.333984375,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 45.27488643704894\n ],\n [\n -75.4541015625,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 43.83452678223684\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -78.5302734375,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 40.0360265298117\n ],\n [\n -80.61767578124999,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -80.74951171875,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -81.62841796875,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -82.7490234375,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -82.59521484375,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -82.28759765625,\n 37.45741810262938\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 37.17782559332976\n ],\n [\n -83.0126953125,\n 36.8092847020594\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 36.686041276581925\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -90.15380859375,\n 34.97600151317591\n ],\n [\n -89.36279296875,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -90.41748046874999,\n 34.43409789359469\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 31.147006308556566\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 31.05293398570514\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 30.80791068136646\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 30.20211367909724\n ],\n [\n -87.03369140625,\n 30.315987718557867\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 31.034108344903512\n ],\n [\n -83.69384765625,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 30.543338954230222\n ],\n [\n -81.4306640625,\n 30.996445897426373\n ],\n [\n -80.4638671875,\n 32.36140331527543\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 34.14363482031264\n ],\n [\n -76.35498046875,\n 34.97600151317591\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 36.155617833818525\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -74.94873046875,\n 38.548165423046584\n ],\n [\n -74.11376953125,\n 39.57182223734374\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 39.926588421909436\n ],\n [\n -73.67431640625,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -72.7734375,\n 41.062786068733026\n ],\n [\n -71.4990234375,\n 41.3108238809182\n ],\n [\n -70.0048828125,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -70.2685546875,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -69.697265625,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -67.67578124999999,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -66.8408203125,\n 44.55916341529184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051ee4e4b058f706e51316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rochelle, Barry P.","contributorId":103316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochelle","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, M. 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Wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) suffered the most losses. Other wild waterfowl, wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), a few domestic fowl, and a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) also died. Pasteurella multocida serotype 1 was the predominant isolate from these carcasses. Cold, wet weather persisted throughout the outbreak, but daily losses in the flock of 50,000 mallards using the area were low. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from nasal swabs of 35 of 37 cattle from a feedlot in which many of these mallards were feeding. Eighty percent of the cattle isolates had antigenic characteristics of serotype 3 or serotype 3 with cross-reactivity. Isolates from wild mallards, wild turkeys, and the bald eagle were virulent to game-farm mallards when inoculated subcutaneously, but P. multocida isolates from cattle were not.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1590960","usgsCitation":"Windingstad, R.M., Kerr, S., Duncan, R.M., and Brand, C.J., 1988, Characterization of an avian cholera epizootic in wild birds in western Nebraska: Avian Diseases, v. 32, no. 1, p. 124-131, https://doi.org/10.2307/1590960.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259814,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska, 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\"}}]}","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4c1e4b0c8380cd4bec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Windingstad, R. M.","contributorId":71124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windingstad","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kerr, S.M.","contributorId":16358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerr","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duncan, R. M.","contributorId":102828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brand, C. J.","contributorId":8788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014392,"text":"70014392 - 1988 - Tectonics of formation, translation, and dispersal of the Coast Range ophiolite of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-09T17:03:23.83655","indexId":"70014392","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonics of formation, translation, and dispersal of the Coast Range ophiolite of California","docAbstract":"Data from the Coast Range ophiolite and its tectonic outliers in the northern California Coast Ranges suggest that the lower part of the ophiolite formed 169 to 163 Ma in a forearc or back arc setting at equatorial latitudes. Beginning about 156 Ma and continuing until 145 Ma, arc magmatism was superimposed on the ophiolite, and concurrently, a transform developed along the arc axis or in the back arc area. Rapid northward translation of this rifted active magmatic arc to middle latitudes culminated in its accretion to the California margin of North America at about 145 Ma. This Late Jurassic episode of translation, arc magmatism, and accretion coincided with the Nevadan orogeny and a proposed major plate reorganization in the eastern Pacific basin. The high rate of poleward motion necessary to translate the Coast Range ophiolite to middle latitudes during this time implies that the ophiolite traveled north on a fast-moving plate of the eastern Pacific basin, here termed plate X. Plate X probably was driven by a cryptic ridge east-northeast of the Pacific-Farallon-Izanagi ridge triple junction. Structural relations indicate that following Late Jurassic time, parts of the Coast Range ophiolite were displaced from the west side of the Great Valley province and incorporated into the Central belt of the Franciscan Complex along steep-dipping to low-angle reverse faults having dominant components of dextral shear. A northwest trending eastern zone of these right-laterally displaced outliers shows strong affinities to the main Coast Range ophiolite of the northwestern Sacramento Valley (the Elder Creek terrane), in that the outliers include ophiolitic breccias of Oxfordian to Kimmeridgian age. A southwestern zone of outliers lacks ophiolitic breccia and instead includes latest Oxfordian or Kimmeridgian to Tithonian, arc-derived volcanic rocks like those found in the Del Puerto and Stanley Mountain terranes of the main ophiolite. Whereas outliers of the northeastern outlier zone are right-laterally displaced no more than 260 km from the western side of the Sacramento Valley, outliers of the southwestern zone are displaced a minimum of 169 to 249 km. This displacement occurred between about 60 and 52 Ma. Ophiolitic rocks in the Decatur terrane of western Washington that have recently been correlated with the Coast Range ophiolite and the Great Valley sequence of California were apparently displaced at least 950 to 1200 km from the west side of the Great Valley between early Tertiary and Early Cretaceous time. Derived rates of northward translation for the ophiolite outliers in California are in the range of 1 to 4 cm/yr. Rates for the Decatur terrane are in the range of 2.5 to 4 cm/yr if translation was initiated 90 Ma, but as much as 11.9 to 15 cm/yr if it was not initiated until 60 Ma. The lower rates for the Decatur terrane are consistent with the rates derived for the California outliers and with the northward component of relative motion between the Farallon and North American plates from 90 to 50 Ma. The higher rates require northward transport on the Kula plate or on a fast-moving microplate. The higher translation rates derived for the Decatur terrane are also consistent with paleomagnetically determined rates for some limestones of the Central belt. This may indicate that outliers of the Coast Range ophiolite dispersed in the Central belt of the Franciscan Complex record only part of the total displacement which occurred along the Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary western margin of North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TC007i005p01033","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, R.J., Blake, M., Griscom, A., Blome, C., and Murchey, B., 1988, Tectonics of formation, translation, and dispersal of the Coast Range ophiolite of California: Tectonics, v. 7, no. 5, p. 1033-1056, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC007i005p01033.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1033","endPage":"1056","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225705,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.45708685149472,\n 42.02344524262293\n ],\n [\n -124.45708685149472,\n 37.3366369809728\n ],\n [\n -121.5401474278405,\n 37.3366369809728\n ],\n [\n -121.5401474278405,\n 42.02344524262293\n ],\n [\n -124.45708685149472,\n 42.02344524262293\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba48ae4b08c986b320403","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaughlin, R. J. 0000-0002-4390-2288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":107271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake, M.C. Jr.","contributorId":27094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griscom, A.","contributorId":80018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griscom","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blome, C.D.","contributorId":60647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murchey, B.","contributorId":11772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224409,"text":"5224409 - 1988 - Effects of zinc smelter emissions on farms and gardens at Palmerton, PA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T15:44:14","indexId":"5224409","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3616,"text":"Trace Substances in Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of zinc smelter emissions on farms and gardens at Palmerton, PA","docAbstract":"In 1979, before the primary Zn smelter at Palmerton was closed due to excessive Zn and Cd emissions and change in the price of Zn, we were contacted by a local veterinarian regarding death of foals (young horses) on farms near the smelter. To examine whether Zn or Cd contamination of forage or soils could be providing potentially toxic levels of Zn or other elements in the diets of foals, we measured metals in forages, soils, and feces of grazing livestock on two farms near Palmerton. The farms were about 2.5 and about 10 km northeast of the East stack. Soils, forages, and feces were greatly increased in Zn and Cd. Soil, forage, and fecal Zn were near 1000 mg/kg and Cd, 10-20 mg/kg at farm A (2.5 km) compared to normal background levels of 43 mg Zn and 0.2 mg Cd/kg, respectively. Liver and kidney of cattle raised on Farm A were increased in Zn and Cd, indicating that at least part of the Zn and Cd in smelter contaminated forages was bioavailable. During the farm sampling, we obtained soil from one garden in Palmerton within 200 m of the primary (West) smelter. The Borough surrounds the smelter facility in a valley. Because soil Cd was near 100 mg/kg, we sampled garden soils and vegetables from over 40 gardens in 6 randomly selected blocks and in rural areas at different distances from the smelter during September, 1980. All homes were contacted on each sampled block. Nearly all homes had some garden, while at least 2 appeared to grow over 50% of their annual vegetable and potato consumption. Palmerton garden soils averaged 76 mg Cd/kg and 5830 mg Zn/kg. Gardeners had been taught to add limestone and organic fertilizers to counteract yield reduction and chlorosis due to the excessive soil Zn. Gardens with over 5000 mg Zn/kg were nearly allover pH 7, and many were calcareous. Because the smelter had not yet ceased operations in 1980, crops could have been polluted by aerosol Zn and Cd emitted by the smelter. Crop Zn and Cd were extremely high, about 100 times normal Cd levels. In more distant gardens, soil metals were not so high, and gardeners had not added as much limestone. Bean rotated with the potatoes and leafy vegetables often suffered chlorosis and visible yield reduction. Potatoes contained up to 6 mg Cd/kg dry wt. compared to backgrournd 0.20 mg/kg DW. An estimate of potential Zn and Cd intakes due to the contaminated crops was made using the teen-aged male diet model, and average Cd intakes would be 250 ug/day if diets contained 100% locally grown leafy and root vegetables and potatoes. Gardeners were warned to restrict consumption of garden grown leafy and root vegetables and potatoes, and to apply 22 T/A of limestone to restrict Cd uptake. Use of improved adult diet models, and increased understanding of the effect of Zn on Cd bioavailability indicate that little Cd risk may result from consuming garden vegetables grown at Palmerton. Individuals appear to be protected because Zn accompanied crop Cd, they grew only small amounts of vegetables in most cases, and aerosol pollution of crops has ceased. Reduced Zn emissions, and Cu supplementation have prevented further health effects on foals or cattle. Detailed examination of these risks is needed to develop remedial measures for both farms and gardens in the Zn + Cd polluted soils near Zn smelters at many locations in the United States and other countries. Remedial actions are necessarary to prevent chronic Zn toxicity to crops and livestock, and minimize the risk of chronic Cd toxicity to humans who consume locally grown garden crops.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Chaney, R.L., Beyer, W., Gifford, C., and Sileo, L., 1988, Effects of zinc smelter emissions on farms and gardens at Palmerton, PA: Trace Substances in Environmental Health, v. 22, p. 263-280.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299697,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236400202_Effects_of_zinc_smelter_emissions_on_farms_and_gardens_at_Palmerton_PA"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Palmerton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.80703735351562,\n 40.725925340669626\n ],\n [\n -75.80909729003906,\n 40.72228267283148\n ],\n [\n -75.77407836914062,\n 40.686886382151116\n ],\n [\n -75.72807312011719,\n 40.72124187397379\n ],\n [\n -75.65322875976562,\n 40.74465591168391\n ],\n [\n -75.51864624023438,\n 40.7717018705776\n ],\n [\n -75.37513732910156,\n 40.80237530523985\n ],\n [\n -75.39985656738281,\n 40.83355409739852\n ],\n [\n -75.53924560546875,\n 40.842385424129375\n ],\n [\n -75.67176818847656,\n 40.80705305827059\n ],\n [\n -75.80703735351562,\n 40.725925340669626\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaney, R. L.","contributorId":81851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gifford, C.H.","contributorId":99934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gifford","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5220011,"text":"5220011 - 1988 - Length of stay and fat content of migrant semipalmated sandpipers in eastern Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T14:13:55.642643","indexId":"5220011","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:04","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Length of stay and fat content of migrant semipalmated sandpipers in eastern Maine","docAbstract":"Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) stop at coastal staging areas in the Canadian maritime provinces and northeastern United States to replenish fat reserves before initiating a nonstop transoceanic flight of at least 3,200 km to wintering areas in South America. The relationship between estimated fat content at capture and length of stay (days between marking and last observation) of Semipalmated Sandpipers at one of these staging areas in eastern Maine was studied during 1980-1982. Total body mass and wing chord length were used to estimate fat content. When data were analyzed by week of initial capture, mean length of stay of both adults and juveniles decreased with increasing fat content. This supports the assumption that resumption of migration is affected by fat content at staging areas for long-distance nonstop flights. However, fat content at capture was a poor predictor of length of stay, which suggests that other factors are more important in determining length of stay.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368839","usgsCitation":"Dunn, P., May, T., McCollough, M., and Howe, M., 1988, Length of stay and fat content of migrant semipalmated sandpipers in eastern Maine: Condor, v. 90, no. 4, p. 824-835, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368839.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"824","endPage":"835","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193558,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6060","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunn, P.O.","contributorId":21650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"P.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, T.A.","contributorId":32258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCollough, M.A.","contributorId":84023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCollough","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howe, M.A.","contributorId":70462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013746,"text":"70013746 - 1988 - Pennsylvanian to Jurassic eolian transportation systems in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T16:41:30.669888","indexId":"70013746","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pennsylvanian to Jurassic eolian transportation systems in the western United States","docAbstract":"Seismic-reflection surveys of the Chesapeake Bay, combined with geologic mapping and analysis of boreholes on the Delmarva Peninsula, provide evidence of at least three generations of the Susquehanna River system and three generations of the Chesapeake Bay. The evidence for ancient courses of the Susquehanna River is preserved as three distinct paleochannels, and evidence for ancient versions of the Chesapeake Bay is preserved as three sets of paleochannel fill beneath the bay and three generations of barrier-spit deposits on the southern Delmarva Peninsula. The paleochannels represent relative sea-level minima and the channel-fill and barrier-spit deposits represents relative sea-level maxima. A history of three major marine transgressions is recorded in the stratigraphy preserved in the filled paleochannels and in the overlying barrier-spit complexes: three systematic progressions from fluvial to estuarine to bay or nearshore marine environments. This sea-level record seems to be compatible with the saw-toothed pattern of the marine oxygen-isotope record and with the concept of glacial-interglacial terminations. It also seems to have a climax character in which most of the preserved evidence is related to the largest terminations and to the extreme sea-level positions that bound those terminations. The three paleochannel-fill and barrier-spit complexes appear to correspond to oxygen-isotope stages 1,5, and either 7 or 11; the three related paleochannels correspond to stages 2, 6, and either 8 or 12.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(88)90033-8","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., and Mixon, R.B., 1988, The record of major quaternary sea-level changes in a large coastal plain estuary, Chesapeake Bay, Eastern United States: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 68, no. 2-4, p. 99-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90033-8.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"116","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.78228094710327,\n 39.68226146153455\n ],\n [\n -76.78228094710327,\n 36.90652610059247\n ],\n [\n -75.63167839669876,\n 36.90652610059247\n ],\n [\n -75.63167839669876,\n 39.68226146153455\n ],\n [\n -76.78228094710327,\n 39.68226146153455\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baefce4b08c986b32448f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mixon, R. B.","contributorId":11235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014862,"text":"70014862 - 1988 - Paleolimnology of Lake Tubutulik, an iron-meromictic Eocene Lake, eastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T15:58:13.829338","indexId":"70014862","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleolimnology of Lake Tubutulik, an iron-meromictic Eocene Lake, eastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"Sideritic lacustrine mudstone was found in drill core from a uranium deposit in the Death Valley area in the eastern part of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. The precursor sediments for this rock were deposited in an unusual “iron-meromictic” Eocene lake, herein named Lake Tubutulik, which occupied part of the Boulder Creek basin, a structural graben that is probably a southern extension of the larger Death Valley basin. The Boulder Creek basin is bounded on the west by granite of the Late Cretaceous Darby Pluton, on the east by Precambrian to Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks. The lake basin was formed by basaltic flows that dammed the river valley of the ancestral Tubutulik River in early Eocene time. Lake Tubutulik contained a nearshore facies of fine-grained organic mud and an offshore facies of laminated sideritic mud. The offshore (profundal) laminated mudstone consists of alternating layers of authigenic siderite and detrital layers containing mostly quartz and clay minerals. Both lacustrine facies contain turbidities. The lacustrine sediments graded laterally into an onshore facies of colluvial and fluvial sandstone, paludal mudstone, and coal.
The ancient lake apparently occupied a small deep basin in a tectonically active area of high relief. Meromixus was probably stabilized by reduced iron and bicarbonate dissolved in the monimolimnion. The intensity of meromixus decreased as the lake became shallower from sediment filling. The source of the iron, abundant in the monimolimnion of Lake Tubutulik, was probably the Eocene basalt. Based on carbon isotope analysis of the siderite, the dissolved bicarbonate in the profundal facies was largely inorganic. Sideritic carbon in one sample from the onshore paludal facies has an isotopic signature (δ13C = +16.9) consistent with residual carbon formed during methanogenic fermentation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(88)90038-3","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, K.A., 1988, Paleolimnology of Lake Tubutulik, an iron-meromictic Eocene Lake, eastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Sedimentary Geology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 303-320, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(88)90038-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"320","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225798,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"eastern Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.56866198677457,\n 66.86135114826158\n ],\n [\n -168.56866198677457,\n 64.30825678061103\n ],\n [\n -160.65347847293947,\n 64.30825678061103\n ],\n [\n -160.65347847293947,\n 66.86135114826158\n ],\n [\n -168.56866198677457,\n 66.86135114826158\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73ffe4b0c8380cd7739b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, Kendall A.","contributorId":293002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Kendall","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70204856,"text":"70204856 - 1988 - Biological measurements and related chemical features in Soviet and United States regions of the Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T09:23:27","indexId":"70204856","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-04T09:16:46","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological measurements and related chemical features in Soviet and United States regions of the Bering Sea","docAbstract":"The U.S. results of a joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. expedition to the Bering Sea in 1984 investigated the chemical and biological interactions in the south, east, north and west regions. The nutrients, phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity were enhanced near the ends of a north-south transect of stations. The southern end of the transect had characteristics of the North Pacific Ocean with high nutrient and low phytoplankton concentrations and an elevated concentration of peridinin indicative of dinoflagellates.
The middle station of the transect, near the shelf break, had low nutrients and phytoplankton in the upper euphotic zone, but a submerged chlorophyll bmaximum indicated green algae was located on the upper boundary of high ammonium concentration and pycnocline. The north end of the transect over the shelf at mid-depth on the boundary of high nitrate and ammonium concentrations produced the highest primary production. Pigment analysis (chlorophyll a, diadinoxanthin and fucoxanthin) indicated the dominance of diatoms and was coincidental to oxygen saturation values as large as 150%. The highest phaeophorbide a concentrations were also observed in this area, suggesting relatively high grazing stress. Measurements of low molecular weight hydrocarbons also suggest high microbiological degradation rates of organic matter in the sediments in the north region. Overall, this research strongly relates nutrient, oxygen and pigment concentrations to the production, decomposition and recycling processes in the open ocean and shelf areas of the Bering Sea.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(88)90042-8","usgsCitation":"Whitledge, T., Bidigare, R., Zeeman, S.O., Sambrotto, R.N., Roscigno, P.F., Jensen, P.R., Brooks, J.M., Trees, C., and Veldt, D.M., 1988, Biological measurements and related chemical features in Soviet and United States regions of the Bering Sea: Continental Shelf Research, v. 8, no. 12, p. 1299-1319, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(88)90042-8.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1299","endPage":"1319","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","volume":"8","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitledge, T.E.","contributorId":86458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitledge","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bidigare, R.R.","contributorId":13757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidigare","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeeman, Stephan O.","contributorId":218232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zeeman","given":"Stephan","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sambrotto, R. N.","contributorId":216222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sambrotto","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roscigno, Pasquale F.","contributorId":214752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roscigno","given":"Pasquale","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jensen, Paul R.","contributorId":218233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brooks, James M.","contributorId":52867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Trees, Charles","contributorId":218234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trees","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Veldt, Denise M.","contributorId":218235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veldt","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":38198,"text":"pp1386B - 1988 - Glaciers of Antarctica","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":38198,"text":"pp1386B - 1988 - Glaciers of Antarctica","indexId":"pp1386B","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Glaciers of Antarctica"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70042384,"text":"pp1386 - 1988 - Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world","indexId":"pp1386","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70042384,"text":"pp1386 - 1988 - Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world","indexId":"pp1386","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-02T15:16:14.227884","indexId":"pp1386B","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1386","chapter":"B","title":"Glaciers of Antarctica","docAbstract":"Of all the world's continents Antarctica is the coldest, the highest, and the least known. It is one and a half times the size of the United States, and on it lies 91 percent (30,109,800 km3) of the estimated volume of all the ice on Earth. Because so little is known about Antarctic glaciers compared with what is known about glaciers in populated countries, satellite imagery represents a great leap forward in the provision of basic data. From the coast of Antarctica to about 81?south latitude, there are 2,514 Landsat nominal scene centers (the fixed geographic position of the intersection of orbital paths and latitudinal rows). If there were cloud-free images for all these geographic centers, only about 520 Landsat images would be needed to provide complete coverage. Because of cloud cover, however, only about 70 percent of the Landsat imaging area, or 55 percent of the continent, is covered by good quality Landsat images. To date, only about 20 percent of Antarctica has been mapped at scales of 1:250,000 or larger, but these maps do include about half of the coastline. The area of Antarctica that could be planimetrically mapped at a scale of 1:250,000 would be tripled if the available Landsat images were used in image map production.
This chapter contains brief descriptions and interpretations of features seen in 62 carefully selected Landsat images or image mosaics. Images were chosen on the basis of quality and interest; for this reason they are far from evenly spaced around the continent. Space limitations allow less than 15 percent of the Landsat imaging area of Antarctica to be shown in the illustrations reproduced in this chapter. Unfortunately, a wealth of glaciological and other features of compelling interest is present in the many hundreds of images that could not be included. To help show some important features beyond the limit of Landsat coverage, and as an aid to the interpretation of certain features seen in the images, 38 oblique aerial photographs have been included. Again, these represent only a small fraction of the large number of aerial photographs now available in various national collections.
The chapter is divided into five geographic sections. The first is the Transantarctic Mountains in the Ross Sea area. Some very large outlet glaciers flow from the East Antarctic ice sheet through the Transantarctic Mountains to the Ross Ice Shelf. Byrd Glacier, one of the largest in the world, drains an area of more than 1,000,000 km2. Next, images from the Indian Ocean sector are discussed. These include the Lambert Glacier- Amery Ice Shelf system, so large that about 25 images must be mosaicked to cover its complex system of tributary glaciers. Shirase Glacier, a tidal outlet glacier in the sector, flows at a speed of 2.5 km a-l. About 200 km inland and 200 km west of Shirase Glacier lie the Queen Fabiola (\"Yamato\") Mountains, whose extensive exposures of `blue ice' lay claim to being the world's most important meteorite-collecting locality, with more than 4,700 meteorite fragments discovered since 1969.
The Atlantic Ocean sector is fringed by ice shelves into which flow large ice streams like Jutulstraumen, Stancomb-Wills, Slessor, and Recovery Glaciers. Filchner and Ronne Ice Shelves together cover an area two-thirds the size of Texas. From the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf, the north-trending arc of the Antarctic Peninsula, with its fjord and alpine landscape and fringing ice shelves, stretches towards South America. The Pacific Ocean sector begins with the Ellsworth Mountains, which include the highest peaks (Vinson Massif at 4,897 m) in Antarctica. The area between the Ellsworth Mountains and the eastern margin of the Ross Ice Shelf is fringed with small ice shelves and some major outlet glaciers. One of these, Pine Island Glacier, was found from comparing 1973 and 1975 images to have an average ice-front velocity of 2.4 km a-1. This part of Antarctica contains many dormant volcanoes; the summits of servers, such as Mount Takahe with its 8-km-wide summit caldera, protrude through the West Antarctic ice sheet.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the World (Professional Paper1386)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1386B","usgsCitation":"Swithinbank, C., Chinn, T.J., Williams, R.S., and Ferrigno, J.G., 1988, Glaciers of Antarctica (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386, Report: xi, 278 p.; 2 Plates: 30.00 x 24.00 inches and 35.00 x 26.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1386B.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 278 p.; 2 Plates: 30.00 x 24.00 inches and 35.00 x 26.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122088,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1386_b.jpg"},{"id":3486,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n -60\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n -90\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n -90\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n -60\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n -60\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674ff3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":17355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914634,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":914635,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":60145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chinn, Trevor J.","contributorId":344745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chinn","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":19946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":219311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80265,"text":"fwsobs82_10_149 - 1988 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: American eider (breeding)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T16:52:30.062666","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_149","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.149","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: American eider (breeding)","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe common eider (Somateria mollissima) consists of five subspecies; four are found in North America (Palmer 1976). Six management populations of common eiders have recently been defined in eastern Canada and the United States (Reed and Erskine 1986). The American edier (S. mollissima dresseri), of which three populations are recognized (Reed and Erskine 1986), is the southernmost subspecies and the focus of this paper.\r\n\r\nThe common eider is a member of the order Anseriformes, family Anatidae, and the tribe Mergini. A seabird of the northern latitudes of the world, the common eider is the largest duck of North America, ranging in weight from 1.2 to 2.8 kg and having a total length from 53.3 to 68.6 cm (Bellrose 1980). The American subspecies averages 2.0 kg and 61.0 cm for males, and 1.5 kg and 57.0 cm for females (Bellrose 1980). The drake is distinctly patterned,, having a white back and breast and a black belly and sides. The smaller female is brown and heavily barred with dark brown. Both sexes have a leathery extension of the bill which forms a Y-shaped frontal shield that reaches almost to the eyes.\r\n\r\nMaine, which supports part of the Atlantic population of common eiders (Reed and Erskine 1986), is the only major eider breeding population in the lower 48 States. American eiders are colonial nesters and use a variety of nesting sites, but they prefer relatively small, uninhabited islands (Mendall 1976). The coastal islands of Maine, which are essential to the eider's life cycle, are increasingly subjected to recreation and development, creating potential disturbances to eider breeding colonies. During recent years, aesthetic and sporting interest in eiders has increased. Sea ducks in Maine are experiencing increased hunting pressure. Compared to hunting seasons and bag limits for inland ducks, sea duck seasons and limits are liberal (Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife [MDIFW] 1983).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Blumton, A.K., Owen, R.B., and Krohn, W.B., 1988, Habitat Suitability Index Models: American eider (breeding): FWS/OBS 82/10.149, viii, 24 p.","productDescription":"viii, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649e30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blumton, A. K.","contributorId":53491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owen, Ray B. Jr.","contributorId":35030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Ray","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohn, William B.","contributorId":28225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":58903,"text":"mf1990 - 1988 - Map of fault scarps formed in unconsolidated sediments, Tooele 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, northwestern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T16:35:50.747953","indexId":"mf1990","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1990","title":"Map of fault scarps formed in unconsolidated sediments, Tooele 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, northwestern Utah","docAbstract":"This report is one of a series of studies of western Utah (Anderson and Bucknam, 1979; Bucknam and Anderson, 1979b), eastern Nevada (Barnhard, 1985), and central Nevada (Wallace, 1979) that shows the distribution, relative age, and amount and extent of surface rupture on Quaternary fault scarps. Previous paleoseismicity studies in the Tooele 1°x2° quadrangle include reports by Gilbert (1928), Bucknam (1977), Anderson and Miller (1980), Bucknam and others (1980), and Everitt and Kaliser (1980). Geologic and geophysical data pertinent to paleoseismicity of the Tooele 1°x2° quadrangle can be found in reports by Mikulich and Smith (1974), Cook and others (1980), Smith and Bruhn (1984), and Arabasz and others (1987). The present study is a continuation of mapping fault scarps in 1°x2° quadrangles in the Basin and Range province; the purpose is to determine the youngest surface-faulting age and distribution of fault scarps for earthquake-hazards analysis.
\nThe accompanying map shows 10 areas containing late Quaternary fault scarps formed on unconsolidated sediments in the Tooele 1°x2° quadrangle, northwestern Utah. The faulted sediments include sandy, pebbly, to bouldery colluvium, alluvium, and lacustrine deposits. They are inferred to have been deposited in Quaternary time during the latest phase of basin-filling sedimentation.
\nBecause the map shows only scarps on unconsolidated sediments, it does not show all faults that could produce earthquakes. A comprehensive map of all Quaternary faults would also include those in bedrock and at the contact of bedrock and alluvium, as well as Quaternary faults that appear only as lineaments in surficial deposits.
\nInitial study involved photointerpretation of high-quality 1:60,000-scale black and white aerial photographs of the map area; offsets as small as 1 m could be detected from these photos if the faults cut planar surfaces of considerable extent. A map of suspected fault scarps, identified from the photointerpretation, was compiled at a scale of 1:250,000 and served as a guide for subsequent field studies in conjunction with a similar map from Bucknam (1977). We have chosen not to connect discontinuous segments of aligned fault scarps unless there is compelling evidence of continuous surface rupture.
\nField studies consisted of (1) confirming scarps as fault related and deleting from the preliminary map those features that were not fault related or that had no surface offset (lineaments), (2) searching for stratigraphic indicators of amount and age of offset, and (3) measuring surface profiles according to procedures described in Bucknam and Anderson (1979a). We profiled selected fault scarps where they were sufficiently continuous and unmodified by fluvial deposition or erosion.
\nIn the early morning or late afternoon when the sun was at 1ow angles, additional field searches were made for scarps resulting from ground ruptures that had not been identified during the photo interpretation phase of the study. No additional scarps were found.
\nTechniques that yield the relative age of fault scarps can be used as a guide to the frequency and location of relatively large earthquakes. For large regions, geologically determined rates of seismic activity in the Basin and Range province are generally in good agreement with rates determined from historic seismicity (Bucknam and Algermissen, 1984). Fault-scarp studies such as this have been used as a guide in locating boundaries of seismic source zones used in probabilistic earthquake hazard estimates of the Basin and Range province (Thenhaus and Wentworth, 1982; Bucknam and Thenhaus, 1983).
\nWe will first discuss the geologic setting of the map area and attributes of fault-scarp morphology, and then discuss the individual fault zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1990","usgsCitation":"Barnhard, T.P., and Dodge, R., 1988, Map of fault scarps formed in unconsolidated sediments, Tooele 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, northwestern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1990, 1 Plate: 54.13 x 39.95 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1990.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 54.13 x 39.95 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486648,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5576.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327142,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1990/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1990.PNG"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Tooele 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,40 ], [ -114,41 ], [ -112,41 ], [ -112,40 ], [ -114,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db657043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnhard, T. P.","contributorId":42208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhard","given":"T.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodge, R.L.","contributorId":94382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57382,"text":"wdrOR861 - 1988 - Water resources data for Oregon, water year 1986. Volume 1: Eastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-02T21:01:28.502918","indexId":"wdrOR861","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OR-86-1","title":"Water resources data for Oregon, water year 1986. Volume 1: Eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrOR861","usgsCitation":"Alexander, C., Boucher, P.R., Moffatt, R.L., and Smith, M., 1988, Water resources data for Oregon, water year 1986. Volume 1: Eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report OR-86-1, xi, 232 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrOR861.","productDescription":"xi, 232 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378998,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1986/or-86-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1986/or-86-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"40\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Oregon\",\"nation\":\"USA 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M.","contributorId":8478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":59059,"text":"mf1999 - 1988 - Mineral resources and resource potential map of the Pyramid Peak Roadless Area, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T16:41:49.055241","indexId":"mf1999","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","title":"Mineral resources and resource potential map of the Pyramid Peak Roadless Area, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"The Pyramid Peak Roadless Area is underlain by mid-Cretaceous plutonic rocks (granite, granodiorite, and tonalite) that intrude metasedimentary rocks of the Desert Divide Group. The granodiorite grades eastward into strongly deformed mylonitic rocks mapped as part of the Santa Rosa mylonite zone. Metasedimentary rocks, orthogneiss, and anatexites of the Palm Canyon Complex were displaced westward over the Santa Rosa mylonite zone along low-angle thrust faults that are nearly synchronous with the mylonite zone. The Pliocene and (or) Pleistocene Bautista Formation unconformably overlies the mid-Cretaceous plutonic rocks.
\nGeologic and geochemical data indicate that the study area has high resource potential for marble, and moderate resource potential for epithermal gold deposits and tungsten skarns. The Desert Divide Group and the Palm Canyon Complex contain large resources of marble quarried for Portland cement and for construction applications. Gold occurs in quartz veins and pegmatites in the Desert Divide Group and the Penrod Quartz Monzonite. Skarns in the Desert Divide Group contain scheelite and anomalous concentrations of arsenic and beryllium. Thin layers of tremolite asbestos along low-angle thrust faults occur outside of the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1999","usgsCitation":"Calzia, J., 1988, Mineral resources and resource potential map of the Pyramid Peak Roadless Area, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1999, 1 Plate: 28.18 x 25.27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1999.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 28.18 x 25.27 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486650,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5592.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327173,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1999/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1999.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Pyramid Peak Roadless Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.61666666666666,33.55 ], [ -116.61666666666666,33.71666666666667 ], [ -116.41666666666667,33.71666666666667 ], [ -116.41666666666667,33.55 ], [ -116.61666666666666,33.55 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b9ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calzia, J.P.","contributorId":58614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calzia","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61564,"text":"mf1594E - 1988 - Mines, prospects, and mineral sites, wilderness and RARE II areas, White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T10:41:18","indexId":"mf1594E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1594-E","title":"Mines, prospects, and mineral sites, wilderness and RARE II areas, White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related acts require the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines to survey certain areas on Federal lands to determine their mineral value, if any, that may be present. Results must be made available to the public and be submitted to the President and the Congress. This report presents the results of investigations of mines, prospects, and mineral sites in the Great Gulf and Presidential Range-Dry River Wilderness Areas; the Dartmouth Range, Wild River, Pemigewasset, Kinsman Mountain, Mount Wolf-Gordon Pond, Jobildunk, and Carr Mountain Roadless Areas; and the intervening and immediately surrounding areas in the White Mountain National Forest, Coos, Grafton, and Carroll Counties, New Hampshire. The Great Gulf Wilderness was established when the Wilderness Act was passed in 1964, and the Presidential Range-Dry River Wilderness was established by Public Law 93-622, January 3, 1975. The Dartmouth Range, Wild River, Pemigewasset, Kinsman Mountain, Mount Wolf-Gordon Pond, Carr Mountain, and Jobildunk areas were classified as a further planning area during the Second Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) by the U.S. Forest Service, January 1979.
\nThe areas investigated are located in the White Mountain National Forest in Coos, Grafton, and Carroll Counties, New Hampshire. Personnel from the U.S. Bureau of Mines conducted field reconnaissance of the westernmost areas, Kinsman Mountain, Mt. Wolf-Gordon Pond, Jobildunk, and Carr Mountain, in the fall of 1980. Field reconnaissance of the eastern areas, Great Gulf, Presidential Range-Dry River, Dartmouth Range, Pemigewasset and Wild River was conducted in the spring of 1981. A total of 237 rock and 103 panned-concentrate samples were collected during the investigations. Reconnaissance radiometric ground surveys were conducted at selected locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1594E","usgsCitation":"Gazdik, G.C., Harris, G., Welsh, R.A., and Girol, V.P., 1988, Mines, prospects, and mineral sites, wilderness and RARE II areas, White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1594-E, 2 Plates: 54.42 x 39.82 inches and 22.71 x 28.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1594E.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 54.42 x 39.82 inches and 22.71 x 28.02 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1594E.PNG"},{"id":327604,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1594-E/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327605,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1594-E/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"125000","country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Carroll County, Coos County, Grafton County","otherGeospatial":"White Mountain National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 44.75\n ],\n [\n -70.75,\n 44.75\n ],\n [\n -70.75,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 43.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gazdik, G. C.","contributorId":119969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gazdik","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Gazdik","contributorId":46610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Gazdik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welsh, R. A.","contributorId":117076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Girol, V. P.","contributorId":117406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girol","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}