In spring 1996 and 1997, we studied the prototype surface bypass and collector (SBC) at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River in Washington. Our objectives were to determine the most efficient SBC configuration and to describe smolt movements and swimming behavior in the forebay. To do this, we used hydroacoustic and radiotelemetry techniques. The SBC was retrofitted onto the upstream face of the north half of the powerhouse to test the surface bypass method of diverting smolts from turbines. The SBC had three entrances, with mean velocities ranging from 0.37 to 1.92 m/s, and it discharged 113 m3/s through its outlet at Spill Bay 1, which was adjacent to the powerhouse. Different SBC configurations were created by altering the size and shape of entrances. During spring 1996 and 1997, river discharge was well above normal (123 and 154% of average, respectively). Powerhouse operations caused a strong downward component of flow upstream of the SBC. Many smolts (primarily steelhead and secondarily chinook salmon) were observed actively swimming upward in the water column. There were four times as many smolts diverted from turbines per unit volume of water with SBC flow than with spill flow, which indicated that the SBC may be an especially important bypass consideration in moderate- or low-flow years. The highest SBC efficiency (the proportion of total fish passing through the north half of the powerhouse by all routes that passed through the SBC) for any configuration tested was about 40%. Although no single SBC configuration stood out as the most efficient, the horizontal surface and maximum area configurations, or some combination of the two, are worth further investigation because they were moderately efficient.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0381:EOTPSB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.E., Adams, N., Johnson, R.L., Rondorf, D., Dauble, D., and Barila, T., 2000, Evaluation of the prototype surface bypass for salmonid smolts in Spring 1996 and 1997 at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, Washington: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 2, p. 381-397, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0381:EOTPSB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"397","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.45277404785158,\n 46.69572695872617\n ],\n [\n -117.46221542358398,\n 46.69231245343321\n ],\n [\n -117.44951248168947,\n 46.66416399878266\n ],\n [\n -117.43062973022461,\n 46.6508502096111\n ],\n [\n -117.39131927490234,\n 46.64071539449768\n ],\n [\n -117.37466812133789,\n 46.65108588039371\n ],\n [\n -117.44367599487305,\n 46.67994778351063\n ],\n [\n -117.44985580444336,\n 46.69278343251575\n ],\n [\n -117.45277404785158,\n 46.69572695872617\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cf0e4b0c8380cd52d63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, G. E.","contributorId":103261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":395228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":93175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Robert L.","contributorId":41998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dauble, D.D.","contributorId":107888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dauble","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barila, T.Y.","contributorId":13410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barila","given":"T.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1000884,"text":"1000884 - 2000 - Asymmetric hybridization and introgression between pink salmon and chinook salmon in the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T14:03:54","indexId":"1000884","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Asymmetric hybridization and introgression between pink salmon and chinook salmon in the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Among Pacific salmon collected in the St. Marys River, five natural hybrids of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and one suspected backcross have been detected using morphologic, meristic, and color evidence. One allozyme (LDH, l-lactate dehydrogenase from muscle) and one nuclear DNA locus (growth hormone) for which species-specific fixed differences exist were analyzed to detect additional hybrids and to determine if introgression had occurred. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used to identify the maternal parent of each hybrid. Evidence of introgression was found among the five previously identified hybrids. All hybrid specimens had chinook salmon mtDNA, indicating that hybridization between chinook salmon and pink salmon in the St. Marys River is asymmetric and perhaps unidirectional. Ecological, physiological, and sexual selection forces may contribute to this asymmetric hybridization. Introgression between these highly differentiated species has implications for management, systematics, and conservation of Pacific salmon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0670:AHAIBP>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rosenfield, J.A., Todd, T., and Greil, R., 2000, Asymmetric hybridization and introgression between pink salmon and chinook salmon in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 3, p. 670-679, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0670:AHAIBP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"670","endPage":"679","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479242,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/142073","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267030,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0670:AHAIBP>2.3.CO;2"}],"volume":"129","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c7e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenfield, Jonathan A.","contributorId":15907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenfield","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, Thomas","contributorId":52469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greil, Roger","contributorId":25837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greil","given":"Roger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022541,"text":"70022541 - 2000 - Effects of neck collars and radiotransmitters on survival and reproduction of emperor geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T18:03:01","indexId":"70022541","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of neck collars and radiotransmitters on survival and reproduction of emperor geese","docAbstract":"Neck collars have been used widely for studies of goose population biology. Despite concerns about their negative impacts, few studies have employed designs capable of clearly demonstrating these effects. During a 1993-98 study of emperor geese (Chen canagica), we contrasted survival and reproduction of geese marked with tarsal bands to those marked with either small neck collars, large neck collars, or small neck collars with attached radiotransmitters. Annual survival of adult females marked with tarsal bands varied among years and averaged 0.807 ?? 0.140 (v?? ?? SE). Survival of geese with other types of markers also varied among years but was lower (0.640 ?? 0.198). Collars with radiotransmitters lowered breeding propensity, as indexed by resighting rates. Although clutch sizes of tarsal banded birds were similar to those for unmarked birds, other markers reduced clutch sizes by about 1 egg. Egg mass and hatch date were not affected by marker type. Future studies of goose demographics should seriously consider use of alternative markers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802995","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., and Morse, J.A., 2000, Effects of neck collars and radiotransmitters on survival and reproduction of emperor geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 231-237, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802995.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"237","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Manokinak River, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0768e4b0c8380cd516ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morse, Julie A.","contributorId":63939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022538,"text":"70022538 - 2000 - Schaben field, Kansas: Improving performance in a Mississippian shallow-shelf carbonate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T18:14:07.626499","indexId":"70022538","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Schaben field, Kansas: Improving performance in a Mississippian shallow-shelf carbonate","docAbstract":"Schaben field (Kansas), located along the northeastern shelf of the Hugoton embayment, produces from Mississippian carbonates in erosional highs immediately beneath a regional unconformity. Production comes from depths of around 4400 ft (1342 m) in partially dolomitized shelf deposits. A detailed reservoir characterization/simulation study, recently performed as part of a Department of Energy Reservoir Class Oil Field Demonstration Project, has led to important revision in explanations for observed patterns of production. Cores recovered from three new data wells identify three main facies: Spicule-rich wackestone-packstone, echinoderm wackestone/packstone/grainstone, and dolomitic mudstone-wackestone. Reservoir quality is highest in spicule-rich wackestone/packstones but is subject to a very high degree of vertical heterogeneity due to facies interbedding, silification, and variable natural fracturing. The oil reservoir is underlain by an active aquifer, which helps maintain reservoir pressure but supports significant water production. Reservoir simulation, using public-domain, PC-based software, suggests that infill drilling is an efficient approach to enhanced recovery. Recent drilling directed by simulation results has shown considerable success in improving field production rates. Results from the Schaben field demonstration project are likely to have wide application for independent oil and exploration companies in western Kansas.Schaben field (Kansas), located along the northeastern shelf of the Hugoton embayment, produces from Mississippian carbonates in erosional highs immediately beneath a regional unconformity. Production comes from depths of around 4400 ft (1342 m) in partially dolomitized shelf deposits. A detailed reservoir characterization/simulation study, recently performed as part of a Department of Energy Reservoir Class Oil Field Demonstration Project, has led to important revision in explanations for observed patterns of production. Cores recovered from three new data wells identify three main facies: spicule-rich wackestone-packstone, echinoderm wackestone/packstone/grainstone, and dolomitic mudstone-wackestone. Reservoir quality is highest in spicule-rich wackestone/packstones but is subject to a very high degree of vertical heterogeneity due to facies interbedding, silification, and variable natural fracturing. The oil reservoir is underlain by an active aquifer, which helps maintain reservoir pressure but supports significant water production. Reservoir simulation, using public-domain, PC-based software, suggests that infill drilling is an efficient approach to enhanced recovery. Recent drilling directed by simulation results has shown considerable success in improving field production rates. Results from the Schaben field demonstration project are likely to have wide application for independent oil and exploration companies in western Kansas.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK, United States","doi":"10.1306/A9673C34-1738-11D7-8645000102C1865D","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, S.L., Franseen, E.K., Bhattacharya, S., Gerlach, P., Byrnes, A., Guy, W., and Carr, T., 2000, Schaben field, Kansas: Improving performance in a Mississippian shallow-shelf carbonate: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 84, no. 8, p. 1069-1086, https://doi.org/10.1306/A9673C34-1738-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1069","endPage":"1086","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Schaben Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.65673828125,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -99.25048828124999,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -99.25048828124999,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -100.65673828125,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -100.65673828125,\n 38.11727165830543\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b873de4b08c986b3163b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery, Scott L.","contributorId":43513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franseen, E. K.","contributorId":30367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franseen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bhattacharya, S.","contributorId":97226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhattacharya","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerlach, P.","contributorId":75294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Byrnes, A.","contributorId":82881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrnes","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guy, W.","contributorId":52358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carr, T.R.","contributorId":37094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70022536,"text":"70022536 - 2000 - Uncertain nest fates in songbird studies and variation in Mayfield estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T16:03:34","indexId":"70022536","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertain nest fates in songbird studies and variation in Mayfield estimation","docAbstract":"Determining whether nesting attempts are successful can be difficult. Yet, current protocols for estimating nesting success do not address how uncertain nest fates should be handled. We examined the problem of nest-fate uncertainty as it relates to Mayfield estimation of nesting success and in analyses of factors that influence success. We used data from Minnesota to illustrate the potential effect of uncertain fate; 40% of Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus; n = 127) nests and 30% of Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus; n = 144) nests had uncertain fates. How this uncertainty is incorporated into Mayfield estimates of success varied widely among researchers. In a survey of researchers who use the Mayfield method, 9 of 22 respondents (of 40 contacted) excluded nests with uncertain fate. Excluding uncertain fates is counter to how Mayfield first described his estimator and can result in severe downward bias. The remaining respondents (59%) included nests with uncertain fate but varied in how they terminated the exposure period. We developed a simulation model that calculated Mayfield estimates using different approaches and compared them with a known rate of nesting success. Magnitude of bias in Mayfield estimates varied considerably in our simulations. The approach with the least bias terminated exposure with the last observed active date for nests with uncertain fate, and with the midpoint between last observed active and first observed inactive dates for nests with known fate. In addition, information necessary to interpret and compare Mayfield estimates often is not reported. These values, including variance estimates and the period lengths used to estimate survival rates, should be reported with Mayfield estimates. Finally, nest fate is commonly used as a categorical variable in studies of factors affecting nesting success. In this approach, however, nests with uncertain fate must be excluded. An alternative approach is Cox regression, which incorporates nests with uncertain fate.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0615:UNFISS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Manolis, J., Andersen, D., and Cuthbert, F., 2000, Uncertain nest fates in songbird studies and variation in Mayfield estimation: The Auk, v. 117, no. 3, p. 615-626, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0615:UNFISS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"626","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0615:unfiss]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc13e4b08c986b328a03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manolis, J.C.","contributorId":7133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manolis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, D. E.","contributorId":27816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuthbert, F.J.","contributorId":45272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuthbert","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022639,"text":"70022639 - 2000 - A Community Hydrometeorology Laboratory for Fostering Collaborative Research by the Atmospheric and Hydrologic Sciences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:38","indexId":"70022639","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Community Hydrometeorology Laboratory for Fostering Collaborative Research by the Atmospheric and Hydrologic Sciences","docAbstract":"A new community laboratory for fostering collaborative research between the atmospheric and hydrologie sciences communities is described. This facility, located at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado, allows scientists from both communities to more easily focus resources and attention on interdisciplinary problems in atmospheric, hydrologic, and other related sciences. Researchers can remotely access the computing tools to use them or to download them to their own facility, or they can visit NCAR and use the laboratory with other scientists in joint research projects. An application of this facility is described, where scientists from NCAR, the University of Colorado, and the United States Geological Survey used quantitative precipitation estimates from weather radar to simulate a flash flood in the Buffalo Creek watershed in the mountainous Front Range near Denver, Colorado.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00030007","usgsCitation":"Warner, T., Yates, D., and Leavesley, G., 2000, A Community Hydrometeorology Laboratory for Fostering Collaborative Research by the Atmospheric and Hydrologic Sciences: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 81, no. 7, p. 1499-1505.","startPage":"1499","endPage":"1505","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2cee4b0c8380cd45c75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, T.T.","contributorId":7459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"T.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yates, D.N.","contributorId":55300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022497,"text":"70022497 - 2000 - Comparison of pigeon guillemot, Cepphus columba, blood parameters from oiled and unoiled areas of Alaska eight years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:42","indexId":"70022497","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of pigeon guillemot, Cepphus columba, blood parameters from oiled and unoiled areas of Alaska eight years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"In 1997, we compared the haematological and plasma biochemical profiles among populations of pigeon guillemots, Cepphus columba, in areas oiled and not oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) that occurred in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. Pigeon guillemot populations in PWS were injured by EVOS and have not returned to pre-spill levels. If oil contamination is limiting recovery of pigeon guillemots in PWS, then we expected that blood parameters of pigeon guillemots would differ between oiled and unoiled areas and that these differences would be consistent with either toxic responses or lower fitness. We collected blood samples from chicks at approximately 20 and 30 days after hatching. Physiological changes associated with chick growth were noted in several blood parameters. We found that only calcium and mean cell volume were significantly different between the chicks in oiled and unoiled areas. Despite these differences, blood biomarkers provided little evidence of continuing oil injury to pigeon guillemot chicks, eight years after the EVOS. Preliminary data from adults indicated elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity in the adults from the oiled area, which is consistent with hepatocellular injury. Because adults have greater opportunities for exposure to residual oil than nestlings, we recommend studies that fully evaluate the health of adults residing in oiled areas. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00194-0","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Seiser, P., Duffy, L., McGuire, D.A., Roby, D., Golet, G.H., and Litzow, M.A., 2000, Comparison of pigeon guillemot, Cepphus columba, blood parameters from oiled and unoiled areas of Alaska eight years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 40, no. 2, p. 152-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00194-0.","startPage":"152","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206825,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00194-0"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f882e4b0c8380cd4d155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiser, P.E.","contributorId":96649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiser","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffy, L.K.","contributorId":14145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, David A.","contributorId":44677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roby, D.D. 0000-0001-9844-0992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":70944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Golet, Gregory H.","contributorId":89844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golet","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Litzow, Michael A.","contributorId":8789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litzow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1000885,"text":"1000885 - 2000 - Using linear models with correlated errors to analyze changes in abundance of Lake Michigan fishes: 1973-1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T13:31:07","indexId":"1000885","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using linear models with correlated errors to analyze changes in abundance of Lake Michigan fishes: 1973-1992","docAbstract":"We examined annual changes in relative abundance of Lake Michigan fishes using linear models with correlated errors in space and time. Abundance of bloater (Coregonus hoyi), deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsoni), slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) was monitored with bottom trawls at 10 discrete depths (between 18 and 110 m) off eight fixed ports from 1973 to 1992. The model describing abundance included fixed effects of year, port, depth, and interaction terms as well as quadratic and cubic effects of year and depth because changes in abundance were not strictly linear. Observed temporal trends in abundance varied with species and depth. Additionally, trends in alewife and slimy sculpin abundances depended on port. Cubic trends in the abundance of bloater and quadratic trends in deepwater sculpin and rainbow smelt abundances were similar among ports, permitting lakewide inferences for these species. Mean bloater abundance was low throughout the 1970s, increased during the 1980s, and reached high levels by 1990. Mean abundances of deepwater sculpin and rainbow smelt increased from 1973 to the mid-1980s and declined thereafter. The linear model with correlated errors can be readily applied to repeated-measures data from other fixed-station fishery surveys and is appropriate for data exhibiting spatial and temporal autocorrelations.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f00-020","usgsCitation":"Fabrizio, M.C., Raz, J., and Bandekar, R.R., 2000, Using linear models with correlated errors to analyze changes in abundance of Lake Michigan fishes: 1973-1992: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 4, p. 775-788, https://doi.org/10.1139/f00-020.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"788","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602ed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raz, Jonathan","contributorId":8812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raz","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bandekar, Ramanath R.","contributorId":8057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bandekar","given":"Ramanath","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182266,"text":"70182266 - 2000 - Thermal exposure of wild juvenile fall Chinook salmon in Little Goose Reservoir, Snake River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T12:08:43","indexId":"70182266","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Thermal exposure of wild juvenile fall Chinook salmon in Little Goose Reservoir, Snake River","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 15th international symposium on biotelemetry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"15th international symposium on biotelemetry","language":"English","publisher":"International Society of Biotelemetry","usgsCitation":"Venditti, D., Kraut, J., and Rondorf, D., 2000, Thermal exposure of wild juvenile fall Chinook salmon in Little Goose Reservoir, Snake River, in Proceedings of the 15th international symposium on biotelemetry, p. 313-332.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"313","endPage":"332","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Little Goose Reservoir ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.01651000976562,\n 46.599449464868584\n ],\n [\n -118.05290222167969,\n 46.592843997427416\n ],\n [\n -118.04534912109376,\n 46.57019056757178\n ],\n [\n -117.83729553222655,\n 46.5782147398224\n ],\n [\n -117.75489807128906,\n 46.64755071082884\n ],\n [\n -117.79266357421874,\n 46.65226421890328\n ],\n [\n -117.87918090820312,\n 46.630107159317205\n ],\n [\n -117.91007995605469,\n 46.596146831795764\n ],\n [\n -118.00346374511719,\n 46.59897767246807\n ],\n [\n -118.01651000976562,\n 46.599449464868584\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb13fe4b01ccd54f9ee3a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Eiler, J.H.","contributorId":182031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eiler","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670300,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alcorn, D.J.","contributorId":182030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alcorn","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670301,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuman, M.R.","contributorId":113681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuman","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670302,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Venditti, D.A.","contributorId":74536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venditti","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraut, J.M.","contributorId":46252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraut","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":670299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70181183,"text":"70181183 - 2000 - Colonization and development of stream communities across a 200-year gradient in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T13:22:38","indexId":"70181183","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colonization and development of stream communities across a 200-year gradient in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"In May 1997, physical and biological variables were studied in 16 streams of different ages and contrasting stages of development following glacial recession in Glacier Bay National Park, southeast Alaska. The number of microcrustacean and macroinvertebrate taxa and juvenile fish abundance and diversity were significantly greater in older streams. Microcrustacean diversity was related to the amount of instream wood and percent pool habitat, while the number of macroinvertebrate taxa was related to bed stability, amount of instream wood, and percent pool habitat. The percent contribution of Ephemeroptera to stream benthic communities increased significantly with stream age and the amount of coarse benthic organic matter. Juvenile Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) were dominant in the younger streams, but juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) abundance was greater in older streams associated with increased pool habitat. Upstream lakes significantly influenced channel stability, percent Chironomidae, total macroinvertebrate and meiofaunal abundance, and percent fish cover. Stable isotope analyses indicated nitrogen enrichment from marine sources in macroinvertebrates and juvenile fish in older streams with established salmon runs. The findings are encapsulated in a conceptual summary of stream development that proposes stream assemblages to be determined by direct interactions with the terrestrial, marine, and lake ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f00-212","usgsCitation":"Milner, A.M., Knudsen, E.E., Soiseth, C., Robertson, A.L., Schell, D., Phillips, I.T., and Magnusson, K., 2000, Colonization and development of stream communities across a 200-year gradient in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 57, no. 11, p. 2319-2335, https://doi.org/10.1139/f00-212.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2319","endPage":"2335","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -137.37854003906247,\n 58.10691044176497\n ],\n [\n -135.4833984375,\n 58.10691044176497\n ],\n [\n -135.4833984375,\n 59.21812294905908\n ],\n [\n -137.37854003906247,\n 59.21812294905908\n ],\n [\n -137.37854003906247,\n 58.10691044176497\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a18222e4b0c825128564ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milner, Alexander M.","contributorId":90341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milner","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":664416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knudsen, E. Eric","contributorId":104818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":664417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soiseth, Chad","contributorId":179804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soiseth","given":"Chad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":664418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robertson, Anne L.","contributorId":179805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":664419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schell, Don","contributorId":179806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schell","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":664420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Phillips, Ian T.","contributorId":179807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":664421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Magnusson, Katrina","contributorId":179808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magnusson","given":"Katrina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":664422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70023226,"text":"70023226 - 2000 - Rhyolite thermobarometry and the shallowing of the magma reservoir, Coso volcanic field, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T15:40:34.437012","indexId":"70023226","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rhyolite thermobarometry and the shallowing of the magma reservoir, Coso volcanic field, California","docAbstract":"The compositionally bimodal Pleistocene Coso volcanic field is located at the western margin of the Basin and Range province ∼60 km north of the Garlock fault. Thirty-nine nearly aphyric high-silica rhyolite domes were emplaced in the past million years: one at 1 Ma from a transient magma reservoir, one at ∼0·6 Ma, and the rest since ∼0·3 Ma. Over the past 0·6 My, the depth from which the rhyolites erupted has decreased and their temperatures have become slightly higher. Pre-eruptive conditions of the rhyolite magmas, calculated from phenocryst compositions using the two-oxide thermometer and the Al-in-hornblende barometer, ranged from 740°C and 270 MPa (2·7 kbar; ∼10 km depth) for the ∼0·6 Ma magma, to 770°C and 140 MPa (1·4 kbar; ∼5·5 km) for the youngest (∼0·04 Ma) magma. Results are consistent with either a single rhyolitic reservoir moving upward through the crust, or a series of successively shallower reservoirs. As the reservoir has become closer to the surface, eruptions have become both more frequent and more voluminous.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/41.1.149","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Manley, C., and Bacon, C., 2000, Rhyolite thermobarometry and the shallowing of the magma reservoir, Coso volcanic field, California: Journal of Petrology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 149-174, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/41.1.149.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"174","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.01582336425781,\n 35.92075216811695\n ],\n [\n -117.81326293945312,\n 35.92075216811695\n ],\n [\n -117.81326293945312,\n 36.11846359074561\n ],\n [\n -118.01582336425781,\n 36.11846359074561\n ],\n [\n -118.01582336425781,\n 35.92075216811695\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad4de4b0c8380cd86e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manley, C.R.","contributorId":68072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022264,"text":"70022264 - 2000 - Analysis of 20th century rainfall and streamflow to characterize drought and water resources in Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T13:30:17.748546","indexId":"70022264","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3059,"text":"Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of 20th century rainfall and streamflow to characterize drought and water resources in Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"During the period from 1990 to 1997, annual rainfall accumulation averaged 87% of normal at the 12 stations with the longest period of record in Puerto Rico, a Caribbean island with a 1999 population of 3.8 million. Streamflow in rivers supplying the La Plata and Loíza reservoirs, the principal water supply of the San Juan metropolitan area, was at or below the 10th flow percentile for 27% to 50% of the time between December 1993 and May 1996. Diminished reservoir levels in 1994 and 1995 affected more than 1 million people in the San Juan metropolitan area. Water rationing was implemented during this period and significant agricultural losses, valued at $165 million, were recorded in 1994. The public endured a year of mandatory water rationing in which sections of the city had their water-distribution networks shut off for 24 to 36 hours on alternate days. During the winter and spring of 1997–1998, water was rationed to more than 200,000 people in northwestern Puerto Rico because water level in the Guajataca reservoir was well below normal for two years because of rainfall deficits. The drought period of 1993–1996 was comparable in magnitude to a drought in 1966–1968, but water rationing was more severe during the 1993–1996 period, indicating that water management issues such as demand, storage capacity, water production and losses, and per capita consumption are increasingly important as population and development in Puerto Rico expand.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2000.10642723","issn":"02723646","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., 2000, Analysis of 20th century rainfall and streamflow to characterize drought and water resources in Puerto Rico: Physical Geography, v. 21, no. 6, p. 494-521, https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2000.10642723.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"494","endPage":"521","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Puerto Rico","city":"San Juan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.20429992675781,\n 18.34083900833504\n ],\n [\n -65.9296417236328,\n 18.34083900833504\n ],\n [\n -65.9296417236328,\n 18.48481889407345\n ],\n [\n -66.20429992675781,\n 18.48481889407345\n ],\n [\n -66.20429992675781,\n 18.34083900833504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf8e4b0c8380cd48b28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, M. C.","contributorId":66287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182263,"text":"70182263 - 2000 - Techniques used to monitor radio-tagged juvenile salmonids at Columbia and Snake River Dams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T11:49:13","indexId":"70182263","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Techniques used to monitor radio-tagged juvenile salmonids at Columbia and Snake River Dams","docAbstract":"No abstract available
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","startPage":"286","endPage":"295","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb140e4b01ccd54f9ee42","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Eiler, J.E.","contributorId":182029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eiler","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670283,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Acorn, D.J.","contributorId":182028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Acorn","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670284,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuman, M.R.","contributorId":113681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuman","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670285,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":178351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, C.","contributorId":13420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6341,"text":"pp1609 - 2000 - Diagenesis and reservoir quality of the Upper Mississippian Aux Vases Sandstone, Illinois Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T22:52:38.948613","indexId":"pp1609","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1609","title":"Diagenesis and reservoir quality of the Upper Mississippian Aux Vases Sandstone, Illinois Basin","docAbstract":"Conventional reservoir quality data for more than 300 wells provided by the Illinois and Indiana state geological surveys were analyzed to determine the factors governing porosity and permeability in the Upper Mississippian Aux Vases Sandstone, an important hydrocarbon-producing unit in the Illinois Basin. In addition, approximately 150 samples of the Aux Vases Sandstone were collected for mineralogical and geochemical analysis to reconstruct the burial and diagenetic history and to establish the timing of diagenesis relative to the entrapment of hydrocarbons. One aspect of the study involved linking inorganic and organic diagenesis to late Paleozoic tectonism and hydrothermal fluid-flow events in the region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1609","usgsCitation":"Pitman, J.K., Henry, M.E., and Leetaru, H.E., 2000, Diagenesis and reservoir quality of the Upper Mississippian Aux Vases Sandstone, Illinois Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1609, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1609.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395962,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22656.htm"},{"id":33681,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1609/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1609/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -87.769775390625,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -87.769775390625,\n 41.69752591075902\n ],\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 41.69752591075902\n ],\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 38.57393751557591\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dc38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":152545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Mitchell E.","contributorId":57447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Mitchell","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leetaru, Hannes E.","contributorId":75909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leetaru","given":"Hannes","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6326,"text":"pp1605 - 2000 - Are North Slope surface alluvial fans pre-Holocene relicts?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T19:24:09.21735","indexId":"pp1605","displayToPublicDate":"1999-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1605","title":"Are North Slope surface alluvial fans pre-Holocene relicts?","docAbstract":"The surface morphology of the northern slope of the Brooks Range (North Slope) from the Canning River, Alaska, eastward is dominated by a series of large alluvial fans and braided streams floored by coarse alluvium. On the basis of our studies, we conclude that the fans are not prograding now nor have they been prograding at any time during the Holocene. During the latest transgression and the following sea-level highstand, the North Slope depositional environment and climate probably differed greatly from the present ones.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1605","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., and Wolf, S.C., 2000, Are North Slope surface alluvial fans pre-Holocene relicts? (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1605, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1605.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9266,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1605/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":139536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1605.gif"},{"id":279117,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1605/pp1605.pdf"},{"id":395908,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80743.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.75,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -139,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -139,\n 70.15\n ],\n [\n -146.75,\n 70.15\n ],\n [\n -146.75,\n 69.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6742e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, Stephen C.","contributorId":38148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186627,"text":"70186627 - 2000 - The Tintina Gold Belt - A global perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-03T22:25:49","indexId":"70186627","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Tintina Gold Belt - A global perspective","docAbstract":"The so-called Tintina Gold Belt extends for more than 1000 km along the length of the northern North American Cordillera. Middle to Late Cretaceous Au deposits within the belt have various similar characteristics, among which are a spatial and temporal association with magmatism; Bi-W-Te signatures in deposits hosted by granitod stocks and As-Sb signatures where hosted by sedimentary rocks and dyke systems; and δ180 values consistently > 12 per mil for Au-bearing quartz. Nevertheless significant differences in structural styles, levels of deposit emplacement, ore-fluid chemistry, and Au grades suggest that the characteristics represent a broad range of deposit types. Many of these are best classified as orogenic Au deposits in the Yukon-Tanana terrane, as epithermal and porphyry-style Au deposits in the Kuskokwim region, and as Au-bearing, granite-related veins and stockworks, replacements, and skarns, as well as associated polymetallic lodes, in central Yukon. The diverse types of Au deposits and associated plutons of the Tintina Gold Belt collectively define a 45-m.y.-long period of arc magmatism that migrated northwesterly, for about 1000 km, across the active collisional margin of Cretaceous northwestern North America. The initiation of fluid flow and plutonism in Albian time seems to correlate with the onset of oblique subduction and dextral strike-slip on the Denali-Farewell, Tintina-Kaltag, and related fault systems. Initial Au-vein formation and subduction-related magmatism at about 115-110 Ma (e.g., including the Goodpaster and Fortymile districts), within the seaward side of the Yukon-Tanana terrane, correlate with the arrival of the Wrangellia superterrane off the continental margin. Dextral translation of the allochthonous Wrangellia block was associated with the migration of the thermal pulse to the northwest at about 95-90 Ma. Orogenic (or so called mesotherrnal) and granitoid-related Au deposits formed across the width of the Yukon-Tanana terrane (e.g., Fort Knox, True North, Ryan Lode, Kantishna district) and inland into the passive-margin rocks of the Selwyn basin ( e.g., Scheelite Dome, Brewery Creek, Dublin Gulch), respectively. By 70 Ma, the arc had migrated to the vicinity of present-day southwestern Alaska, where it was associated with the formation of additional orogenic Au deposits (e.g., Willow Creek district) and, within still-preserved shallow crustal levels, epithermal Au systems (e.g., Donlin Creek). The Au-bearing deposits of the Tintina Gold Belt are typical of those found in most well-preserved, moderate- to high-temperature Phanerozoic collisional orogens. Around the circum-Pacific region, these would include large areas of Mesozoic tectonism along the Cordilleran orogen, throughout the Russian Far East, and along the margins of the North China craton. Favorable terrain for such Au belts of Paleozoic age worldwide include the active Gondwana margins (e.g., Tasman orogenic system, northern Africa, Telfer district), and the northern margins ( e.g., Caledonian Kazakhstania, Uralian orogen, Baikal orogen, Tian Shan orogenic system) and western margins ( e.g., southern European massifs) to the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Gold lodes in all of the Phanerozoic belts are dominated by orogenic Au-deposit types; other deposit types are concentrated where relatively shallow levels to the orogens are locally preserved. A significant percentage of the lode-gold resource in many areas was lost to placer accumulation that began forming approximately 100 m.y. after hypogene ore formation, except where continent-continent collision \"cratonized\" highly mineralized terranes in central Asia.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Tintina Gold Belt: Concepts, exploration, and discoveries: Special volume 2","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Columbia and Yukon Chamber of Mines","publisherLocation":"Vancouver, BC","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R.J., Hart, C.J., Miller, M.L., Miller, L.D., Farmer, G.L., and Groves, D.I., 2000, The Tintina Gold Belt - A global perspective, chap. of The Tintina Gold Belt: Concepts, exploration, and discoveries: Special volume 2, p. 5-34.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"British Columbia and Yukon Chamber of Mines Cordilleran Roundup, January 2000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75404e4b09da6799c0c76","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Tucker, Terry L.","contributorId":190631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690091,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Moira T.","contributorId":11795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Moira","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690092,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":690085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Craig J. R.","contributorId":36811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Lance D.","contributorId":30287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farmer, G. Lang","contributorId":15075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farmer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Groves, David I.","contributorId":34194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groves","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70174259,"text":"70174259 - 2000 - Recent research on the hydrodynamics of the Sacramento - San Joaquin River Delta and north San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T13:51:53","indexId":"70174259","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent research on the hydrodynamics of the Sacramento - San Joaquin River Delta and north San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"This article presents an overview of recent findings from hydrodynamic research on circulation and mixing in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) (Figure 1) and North San Francisco Bay (North Bay) (Figure 2). For the purposes of this article, North Bay includes San Pablo Bay, Carquinez Strait, and Suisun Bay. The findings presented are those gained from field studies carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), as part of the Interagency Ecological Program (IEP), and Stanford University beginning about 1993. The premise behind these studies was that a basic understanding of circulation and mixing patterns in the Bay and Delta is an essential part of understanding how biota and water quality are affected by natural hydrologic variability, water appropriation, and development activities. Data collected for the field studies described in this article have significantly improved our understanding of Bay and Delta hydrodynamics. Measured flows ,in the Delta have provided valuable information on how water moves through the Delta's network of channels and how export pumping affects flows. Studies of the shallows and shallow-channel exchange processes conducted in Honker Bay have shown that the water residence time in Honker Bay is much shorter than previously reported (on the order of hours to several tidal cycles instead ofweeks). Suisun Bay studies have provided data on hydrodynamic transport and accumulation mechanisms that operate primarily in the channels. The Suisun Bay studies have caused us to revise our understanding of residual circulation in the channels of North Bay and of \"entrapment\" mechanisms in the low salinity zone. Finally, detailed tidal and residual (tidally averaged) time-scale studies of the mechanisms that control gravitational circulation in the estuary show that density-driven transport in the channels is governed by turbulence time-scale (seconds) interactions between the mean flow and stratification. The hydrodynamic research summarized in this article spans a range of estuarine environments (deep water channels to shallow water habitats and brackish water to freshwater) at time scales that range from seconds to years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary","usgsCitation":"Burau, J.R., Monismith, S., Stacey, M., Oltmann, R.N., Lacy, J., and Schoellhamer, D., 2000, Recent research on the hydrodynamics of the Sacramento - San Joaquin River Delta and north San Francisco Bay: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 11, no. 2, p. 45-55.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324778,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/Environmental-Services/Interagency-Ecological-Program/Files/Newsletters/IEP-Newsletter-2000-Vol13-Issue3.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.41241455078125,\n 38.15723682167875\n ],\n [\n -122.50167846679686,\n 38.120512892298976\n ],\n [\n -122.508544921875,\n 38.04917251752295\n ],\n [\n -122.4810791015625,\n 37.98100996893789\n ],\n [\n -122.50717163085938,\n 37.95286091815649\n ],\n [\n -122.51678466796874,\n 37.923617790524716\n ],\n [\n -122.50167846679686,\n 37.859675659210005\n ],\n [\n -122.46322631835938,\n 37.78156937014928\n ],\n [\n -122.40554809570311,\n 37.79784832917947\n ],\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 37.76202988573211\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 37.71750400999666\n ],\n [\n -122.39318847656249,\n 37.66099365286694\n ],\n [\n -122.36709594726562,\n 37.590295170521955\n ],\n [\n -122.26547241210936,\n 37.55111016010861\n ],\n [\n -122.16796875,\n 37.48684571271661\n ],\n [\n -122.09930419921876,\n 37.425797766419976\n ],\n [\n -122.02239990234375,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -121.93450927734375,\n 37.42688834526727\n ],\n [\n -121.91253662109376,\n 37.45632796865522\n ],\n [\n -122.0416259765625,\n 37.51626173528878\n ],\n [\n -122.13912963867188,\n 37.609879943747146\n ],\n [\n -122.20504760742186,\n 37.73053874574077\n ],\n [\n -122.30392456054688,\n 37.860759886765194\n ],\n [\n -122.31628417968749,\n 37.91603433975963\n ],\n [\n -122.39456176757811,\n 37.94311450175187\n ],\n [\n -122.34924316406251,\n 37.990751356571195\n ],\n [\n -122.21466064453125,\n 38.05782354290831\n ],\n [\n -122.24212646484375,\n 38.09241741843045\n ],\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 38.155077102180655\n ],\n [\n -122.41241455078125,\n 38.15723682167875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577e2bb1e4b0ef4d2f445a3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T.","contributorId":13367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oltmann, Richard N.","contributorId":63377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oltmann","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica","contributorId":71277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1015955,"text":"1015955 - 2000 - Species richness and abundance of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete sporocarps on a moisture gradient in the Tsuga heterophylla zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T14:48:30.995469","indexId":"1015955","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1167,"text":"Canadian Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Species richness and abundance of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete sporocarps on a moisture gradient in the Tsuga heterophylla zone","title":"Species richness and abundance of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete sporocarps on a moisture gradient in the Tsuga heterophylla zone","docAbstract":"Sporocarps of epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi and vegetation data were collected from eight Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. - Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco stands along a wet to dry gradient in Olympic National Park, Washington, U.S.A. One hundred and fifty species of ectomycorrhizal fungi were collected from a total sample area of 2.08 ha. Over 2 years, fungal species richness ranged from 19 to 67 taxa per stand. Sporocarp standing crop ranged from 0 to 3.8 kg/ha, averaging 0.58 kg/ha, 0.06 kg/ha in spring and 0.97 kg/ha in fall. Sporocarp standing crop and fungal species richness were correlated with precipitation. These results demonstrated that ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp abundance and species richness can be partly explained in terms of an environmental gradient.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/b99-144","usgsCitation":"O’Dell, T.E., Ammirati, J.F., and Schreiner, E.G., 2000, Species richness and abundance of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete sporocarps on a moisture gradient in the Tsuga heterophylla zone: Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 77, no. 12, p. 1699-1711, https://doi.org/10.1139/b99-144.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1699","endPage":"1711","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Dell, Thomas E.","contributorId":36518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Dell","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ammirati, Joseph F.","contributorId":10763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ammirati","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreiner, Edward G.","contributorId":29371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiner","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6814,"text":"fs10397 - 2000 - Taking the Earth's Pulse","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5595,"text":"fs10397_1997 - 1997 - Taking the Earth's pulse","indexId":"fs10397_1997","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Taking the Earth's pulse"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6814,"text":"fs10397 - 2000 - Taking the Earth's Pulse","indexId":"fs10397","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Taking the Earth's Pulse"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:01","indexId":"fs10397","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"103-97","title":"Taking the Earth's Pulse","docAbstract":"During the past 35 years, scientists have developed a vast network of seismometers that record earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and nuclear explosions throughout the world. Seismographic data support disaster response, scientific research, and global security. With this network, the United States maintains world leadership in monitoring the greatest natural and technological events that threaten our planet's population.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs10397","usgsCitation":"Woodward, R.L., Benz, H.M., Shedlock, K.M., and Brown, W.M., 2000, Taking the Earth's Pulse (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 103-97, 1 sheet [2] p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill. ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10397.","productDescription":"1 sheet [2] p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill. ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":822,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_103_97.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686aa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, Robert L.","contributorId":92656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benz, Harley Mitchell","contributorId":76298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"","middleInitial":"Mitchell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shedlock, Kaye M.","contributorId":61788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Kaye","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, William M. III","contributorId":72365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"William","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021091,"text":"70021091 - 2000 - The effects of dissolved gas supersaturation on white sturgeon larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T15:21:57","indexId":"70021091","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of dissolved gas supersaturation on white sturgeon larvae","docAbstract":"Spill at dams has caused supersaturation of atmospheric gas in waters of the Columbia and Snake rivers and raised concerns about the effects of dissolved gas supersaturation (DGS) on white sturgeons Acipenser transmontanus. The timing and location of white sturgeon spawning and the dispersal of white sturgeon larvae from incubation areas makes the larval stage potentially vulnerable to the effects of DGS. To assess the effects of DGS on white sturgeon larvae, we exposed larvae to mean total dissolved gas (TDG) levels of 118% and 131% saturation in laboratory bioassay tests. Gas bubble trauma (GBT) was manifested as a gas bubble in the buccal cavity, nares, or both and it first occurred at developmental stages characterized by the formation of the mouth and gills. Exposure times of 15 min were sufficient to elicit these signs in larvae in various stages of development. No mortality was observed in larvae exposed to 118% TDG for 10 d, but 50% mortality occurred after a 13-d exposure to 131% TDG. The signs of GBT we observed resulted in positive buoyancy and alterations in behavior that may affect the dispersal and predation vulnerability of white sturgeon larvae. The exact depth distribution of dispersing white sturgeon larvae in the Columbia River currently is unknown. Thus, our results may represent a worst-case scenario if white sturgeon larvae are dispersed at depths with insufficient hydrostatic pressure to compensate for high TDG levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0316:TEODGS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Counihan, T., Miller, A.I., Mesa, M., and Parsley, M., 2000, The effects of dissolved gas supersaturation on white sturgeon larvae: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 127, no. 2, p. 316-322, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0316:TEODGS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab73e4b08c986b322e5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Counihan, T.D.","contributorId":9789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Allen I.","contributorId":31544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mesa, M.G.","contributorId":17386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020860,"text":"70020860 - 2000 - Effects of rearing density and raceway conformation on growth, food conversion, and survival of juvenile spring chinook salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T15:36:20","indexId":"70020860","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of rearing density and raceway conformation on growth, food conversion, and survival of juvenile spring chinook salmon","docAbstract":"Four brood years of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were reared in conventional and baffled raceways at various rearing densities and loads at Willamette Hatchery, Oregon. A period of rapid linear growth occurred from August to November, but there was little or no growth from November to March when the fish were released. Both fall and winter growth rates were inversely related to rearing density. Final weight and length were also inversely related to rearing density. No significant relationship between load and any growth variable was observed. Fish reared at lower densities in conventional raceways tended to develop bimodal length distributions in winter and early spring. Fish reared in conventional raceways showed significantly larger growth rates and final lengths and weights than those reared in baffled raceways. Food conversions and average delivery times for feed were significantly greater in baffled than in conventional raceways. No significant relationships were observed between either rearing density or load and condition factor, food conversion, or mortality. Mortality was not significantly different between the two raceway types. When fish were transported to seawater for further rearing, there were no significant relationships between mortality in seawater and rearing density or load, but fish reared in baffled raceways had significantly higher mortality than those reared in conventional raceways.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0167:EORDAR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00330779","usgsCitation":"Ewing, R., Sheahan, J., Lewis, M., and Palmisano, A.N., 2000, Effects of rearing density and raceway conformation on growth, food conversion, and survival of juvenile spring chinook salmon: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 60, no. 3, p. 167-178, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0167:EORDAR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07a9e4b0c8380cd51787","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewing, R.D.","contributorId":23708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheahan, J.E.","contributorId":80845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheahan","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, M.A.","contributorId":94065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmisano, Aldo N.","contributorId":36653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmisano","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":6874,"text":"fs00897 - 2000 - Creating an effective fact sheet","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6873,"text":"fs00897_1997 - 1997 - Creating an effective fact sheet","indexId":"fs00897_1997","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Creating an effective fact sheet"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6874,"text":"fs00897 - 2000 - Creating an effective fact sheet","indexId":"fs00897","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Creating an effective fact sheet"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:49","indexId":"fs00897","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"008-97","title":"Creating an effective fact sheet","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/fs00897","usgsCitation":"Stauffer, P.H., and Hendley, J.W., 2000, Creating an effective fact sheet (Version 1.1; Revision, Mar 2000): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 008-97, 2 p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00897.","productDescription":"2 p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_008_97.bmp"},{"id":8980,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs008-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.1; Revision, Mar 2000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683755","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}