The Quaternary Clear Lake Volcanic Field (CLVF) in the Northern California Coast Range is the youngest of a string of northward-younging volcanic centers in the state. The CLVF is located within the broad San Andreas Transform Fault System and has been active intermittently for ∼2 million years. Heat beneath the CLVF supports The Geysers, one of the largest producing geothermal fields in the world.
Previous geophysical studies proposed the existence of a magma reservoir beneath Mount Hannah, which is northeast of The Geysers, near the geographic center of the CLVF. The lateral extent, depth, and presence of melt within this reservoir are poorly constrained, as is the relationship between this body and the broader magmatic plumbing of the CLVF. To gain a clearer and more comprehensive picture of the CLVF magma source region, a gravity dataset was compiled and the first 3-D gravity inversions of the CLVF were completed.
Field and synthetic model inversions from the current study both indicate that the gravity low roughly centered on Mount Hannah is not accurately explained by a 5–7 km thick lens of Mesozoic Great Valley Sequence (
The prolonged eruption history of the CLVF, coupled with the compositional variation of erupted rocks over time and space, is consistent with the existence of several, potentially ephemeral, melt-bearing bodies as opposed to one large melt body. Given the density and location of the recovered anomaly, rhyolite-MELTS thermodynamic modeling suggests the existence of 10–30% rhyodacitic melt within the proposed silicic magma reservoir at about 700 °C and 8 km depth (210 MPa). Independent petrologic, geochemical, and seismic evidence indicates that this silicic partial melt zone is underlain by basaltic melt in the lower to middle crust (13 to 21 km depth), which is fed by a mantle source.
Eruptions in the past ∼8.5–13.5 thousand years; high regional heat flow; 3He enrichment of hydrothermal fluids; and our modeling, which suggests the presence of a mid-crustal, silicic partial melt zone, point to a still-active CLVF. The relatively low estimates of partial melt (10–30%) predicted by thermodynamic modeling indicates that an injection of new magma into the imaged partial melt zone is needed to generate sufficient melt to incite future eruptions. Despite the low percent melt estimates within the proposed silicic partial melt zone the potential for future volcanic eruption remains. Due to the proximity of the CLVF to cities surrounding Clear Lake and the densely populated San Francisco Bay Area, continued research and monitoring of the volcanic field are warranted. The geophysical and petrologic modeling presented here improves our understanding of the CLVF magma plumbing system and allows us to better characterize its associated volcanic hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107758","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, M.A., Peacock, J., and Burgess, S.D., 2023, Imaging the magmatic plumbing of the Clear Lake Volcanic Field using 3-D gravity inversions: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 435, 107758, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107758.","productDescription":"107758, 41 p.","ipdsId":"IP-137378","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107758","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.25068446644411,\n 39.211549683768425\n ],\n [\n -123.25068446644411,\n 38.316770047400155\n ],\n [\n -122.29803029534756,\n 38.316770047400155\n ],\n [\n -122.29803029534756,\n 39.211549683768425\n ],\n [\n -123.25068446644411,\n 39.211549683768425\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"435","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, Michael Albert 0000-0001-5070-8793","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5070-8793","contributorId":299110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"Albert","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peacock, Jared R. 0000-0002-0439-0224","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-0224","contributorId":210082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Jared R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burgess, Seth D. 0000-0002-4238-3797 sburgess@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-3797","contributorId":200371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"Seth","email":"sburgess@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70247443,"text":"70247443 - 2023 - Laboratory and field comparisons of TFM bar formulations used to treat small streams for larval sea lamprey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-08T12:23:17.972689","indexId":"70247443","displayToPublicDate":"2023-02-27T07:19:33","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory and field comparisons of TFM bar formulations used to treat small streams for larval sea lamprey","docAbstract":"A solid formulation of the pesticide TFM (4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenol) was developed in the 1980s for application in small tributaries during treatments to control invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758). Several initial inert ingredients were discontinued and substituted, culminating with an interim formulation that unacceptably softens and rapidly decays in warm conditions. A new TFM bar formulation was developed to resolve poor thermal stability and it was registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Health Canada Pesticide Management Regulatory Agency in 2020. Laboratory studies compared the thermostability and dissolution (i.e., TFM release) of the interim and new formulation of TFM bars that were held at 20 C or 45 C for 24 hours prior to evaluation. Field tests compared the dissolution of the interim and new formulation of TFM bars when applied in three small tributaries in Michigan. Laboratory tests show that the new formulation bars remain usable when held at 45 C for 24 hours; whereas, the interim formulation bars partially liquify and are not usable. Field tests indicate the new formulation bars have superior characteristics including a near consistent release of TFM for 1013 hours when applied in waters with a velocity of < 0.06 m/sec. A near consistent release of TFM was observed for a maximum of about 6 hours in one field application of the interim formulation bars. Water temperature and water velocity influenced both formulations; however, the greatest effects were observed with interim formulation bars where higher initial TFM concentrations were followed by precipitous TFM concentration decreases in tributaries with the highest water temperature or velocity. Field treatment applications will provide data for refining application parameters such as the number of bars required per unit discharge at various water temperatures and the acceptable water velocity range for applications.","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2023.14.2.11","usgsCitation":"Luoma, J.A., Schueller, J., Schloesser, N., Johnson, T., and Kirkeeng, C., 2023, Laboratory and field comparisons of TFM bar formulations used to treat small streams for larval sea lamprey: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 14, no. 2, p. 347-362, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2023.14.2.11.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"362","ipdsId":"IP-139416","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444356,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2023.14.2.11","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P910SHBL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release for Laboratory and field comparisons of TFM bar formulations used to treat small streams for larval sea lamprey"},{"id":419593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.06,\n 44.18\n ],\n [\n -84.06,\n 44.13\n ],\n [\n -84.00,\n 44.13\n ],\n [\n -84.00,\n 44.18\n ],\n [\n -84.06,\n 44.18\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schueller, Justin R. 0000-0002-7102-3889","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-3889","contributorId":213527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schueller","given":"Justin","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schloesser, Nicholas 0000-0002-3815-5302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3815-5302","contributorId":237025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Todd 0000-0003-2152-8528","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2152-8528","contributorId":261519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Todd","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirkeeng, Courtney A. 0000-0002-7141-1216","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-1216","contributorId":237026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkeeng","given":"Courtney","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70255087,"text":"70255087 - 2023 - Invasive predator diet plasticity has implications for native fish conservation and invasive species suppression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-12T23:21:01.782976","indexId":"70255087","displayToPublicDate":"2023-02-24T18:16:51","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive predator diet plasticity has implications for native fish conservation and invasive species suppression","docAbstract":"Diet plasticity is a common behavior exhibited by piscivores to sustain predator biomass when preferred prey biomass is reduced. Invasive piscivore diet plasticity could complicate suppression success; thus, understanding invasive predator consumption is insightful to meeting conservation targets. Here, we determine if diet plasticity exists in an invasive apex piscivore and whether plasticity could influence native species recovery benchmarks and invasive species suppression goals. We compared diet and stable isotope signatures of invasive lake trout and native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (cutthroat trout) from Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, U.S.A. as a function of no, low-, moderate-, and high-lake trout density states. Lake trout exhibited plasticity in relation to their density; consumption of cutthroat trout decreased 5-fold (diet proportion from 0.89 to 0.18) from low- to high-density state. During the high-density state, lake trout switched to amphipods, which were also consumed by cutthroat trout, resulting in high diet overlap (Schoener’s index value, D = 0.68) between the species. As suppression reduced lake trout densities (moderate-density state), more cutthroat trout were consumed (proportion of cutthroat trout = 0.42), and diet overlap was released between the species (D = 0.30). A shift in lake trout δ13C signatures from the high- to the moderate-density state also corroborated increased consumption of cutthroat trout and lake trout diet plasticity. Observed declines in lake trout are not commensurate with expected cutthroat trout recovery due to lake trout diet plasticity. The abundance of the native species in need of conservation may take longer to recover due to the diet plasticity of the invasive species. The changes observed in diet, diet overlap, and isotopes associated with predator suppression provides more insight into conservation and suppression dynamics than using predator and prey biomass alone. By understanding these dynamics, we can better prepare conservation programs for potential feedbacks caused by invasive species suppression.
Introduction: Understanding how abundance, productivity and distribution of individual species may respond to climate change is a critical first step towards anticipating alterations in marine ecosystem structure and function, as well as developing strategies to adapt to the full range of potential changes.
Methods: This study applies the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Fisheries Climate Vulnerability Assessment method to 64 federally-managed species in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem to assess their vulnerability to climate change, where vulnerability is a function of a species’ exposure to environmental change and its biological sensitivity to a set of environmental conditions, which includes components of its resiliency and adaptive capacity to respond to these new conditions.
Results: Overall, two-thirds of the species were judged to have Moderate or greater vulnerability to climate change, and only one species was anticipated to have a positive response. Species classified as Highly or Very Highly vulnerable share one or more characteristics including: 1) having complex life histories that utilize a wide range of freshwater and marine habitats; 2) having habitat specialization, particularly for areas that are likely to experience increased hypoxia; 3) having long lifespans and low population growth rates; and/or 4) being of high commercial value combined with impacts from non-climate stressors such as anthropogenic habitat degradation. Species with Low or Moderate vulnerability are either habitat generalists, occupy deep-water habitats or are highly mobile and likely to shift their ranges.
Discussion: As climate-related changes intensify, this work provides key information for both scientists and managers as they address the long-term sustainability of fisheries in the region. This information can inform near-term advice for prioritizing species-level data collection and research on climate impacts, help managers to determine when and where a precautionary approach might be warranted, in harvest or other management decisions, and help identify habitats or life history stages that might be especially effective to protect or restore.
Sabancaya volcano is the youngest and second most active volcano in Peru. It is part of the Ampato-Sabancaya volcanic complex which sits to the south of the ancient Hualca Hualca volcano and several frequently active faults, thus resulting in complex volcano-tectonic interactions. After 15 years of repose, in 2013, a series of 4 earthquakes with magnitude >4.5 occurred within 24 h, marking the beginning of a new episode of unrest. Several additional swarms of earthquakes occurred in the following years until magmatic eruptive activity started on 6 November 2016. This activity is ongoing as of this writing, with an average of 50 explosions per day. In this study, we present results of multiparametric monitoring of Sabancaya's activity observed during 2013–2020. Seismic data are used to create a one-dimensional seismic velocity model, to catalog, locate, and characterize earthquakes, to detect repeating earthquake families, and to monitor seismic velocity variations by ambient noise cross-correlation. These analyses are complemented by visual and remote sensing observations and ground deformation measurements. All monitored parameters showed significant changes on 6 November 2016, the day of eruption onset, thus dividing the eruptive activity into pre-eruptive and eruptive stages.
The unrest is characterized by high levels of seismic activity with hundreds of events detected per day. Volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes were dominant during the pre-eruptive period while long-period (LP) events and explosions have been most numerous since the eruption onset. Earthquake locations highlight long-lasting seismogenic zones along multiple previously active regional faults, as well as along newly identified faults. This VT seismicity is mainly distributed in a sector from the northwest to the east of the volcanic complex at distances of up to 30 km from the crater. We focus our analysis on two eruptive episodes: the eruption onset and subsequent crater migration from south to north, and the increase of lava dome extrusion rate in 2019. Both episodes are accompanied by seismic velocity decreases of up to 0.2% and are preceded by a few weeks by bursts of distal VT activity, including numerous repeating earthquakes. These repeated events were located on several remote tectonic faults (5–25 km from the vent). We suggest that these phenomena could be due to the injection of a batch of magma in the deep reservoir and/or conduit, which would generate 1) a pressure wave propagating in the hydrothermal system, triggering the bursts of seismic activity and 2) slow rising of magma by melting old material filling the conduit that eventually produced the eruptive and dome growth acceleration events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107767","usgsCitation":"Machacca, R., Lesage, P., Tavera, H., Pesicek, J., Caudron, C., Torres, J., Puma, N., Vargas, K., Lazarte, I., Rivera, M., and Burgisser, A., 2023, The 2013−2020 seismic activity at Sabancaya Volcano (Peru): Long lasting unrest and eruption: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 435, 107767, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107767.","productDescription":"107767, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149045","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":413229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Peru","otherGeospatial":"Andes Mountains, Sabancaya Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n 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Perú","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesage, P.","contributorId":302573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesage","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63992,"text":"Université Grenoble Alpes","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tavera, H.","contributorId":302574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tavera","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65510,"text":"Instituto Geofísico del Perú","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pesicek, J.D. 0000-0001-7964-5845","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-5845","contributorId":72233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pesicek","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caudron, C.","contributorId":302575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caudron","given":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":65511,"text":"Université libre de Bruxelles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Torres, J.L.","contributorId":302576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65510,"text":"Instituto Geofísico del Perú","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Puma, N.","contributorId":302577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puma","given":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":65510,"text":"Instituto Geofísico del Perú","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vargas, K.","contributorId":302578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vargas","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65510,"text":"Instituto Geofísico del Perú","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lazarte, I.","contributorId":302579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lazarte","given":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":65510,"text":"Instituto Geofísico del Perú","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rivera, M.","contributorId":302580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivera","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65510,"text":"Instituto Geofísico del Perú","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Burgisser, Alain","contributorId":152269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgisser","given":"Alain","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18894,"text":"Universite de Savoie- CNRS, ISTerre","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70240828,"text":"70240828 - 2023 - Building a library of source samples for sediment fingerprinting – Potential and proof of concept","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-24T12:46:07.469637","indexId":"70240828","displayToPublicDate":"2023-02-17T06:38:46","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Building a library of source samples for sediment fingerprinting – Potential and proof of concept","docAbstract":"Sediment fingerprinting of fluvial targets has proven useful to guide conservation management and prioritize sediment sources for Federal and State supported programs in the United States. However, the collection and analysis of source samples can make these studies unaffordable, especially when needed for multiple drainage basins. We investigate the potential use of source samples from a basin with similar physiography (using samples from one of a “pair” to evaluate samples from the other) or combined from multiple basins (a “library”).
Source samples from eight basins across six ecoregions were harvested from existing, published studies. Individual source samples were fingerprinted using a mixing model derived from source samples from other basins. The ability to identify source category was evaluated both as part of source verification and by classifying source samples as “targets.”
Approximately half of cropland samples were identified as targets, both as pairs and with the multi-basin source dataset, indicating that cropland samples could be shared for basins in similar ecoregions and be combined for larger stream systems. Streambank samples were better identified with the multi-basin analysis relative to the pairs, and those from mixed land-use basins improved this differentiation except for samples from basins with a dominant land-use type. Inconsistent identification of pasture samples highlighted the need for local samples. Inconsistent identification of forest samples indicated that upland- and riparian-forest samples are distinct. Road samples were identified as both sources and targets, and other source types were rarely apportioned as road: these may have the best potential to supplement local source samples. This source-sample library was then used to improve the accuracy of sediment-source apportionment for a previously studied basin.
Ultimately, the source verification process already used in individual basin studies to evaluate the accuracy of sediment-fingerprinting apportionments was useful for determining how to supplement local source samples with those from other basins. This study shows that supplementing local source samples with those from basins with similar physiography has the potential to both improve fingerprinting accuracy and decrease the cost of this type of study.
Watersheds are subjected to diverse anthropogenic inputs, exposing aquatic biota to a wide range of chemicals. Detection of multiple, different chemicals can challenge natural resource managers who often have to determine where to allocate potentially limited resources. Here, we describe a weight-of-evidence framework for retrospectively prioritizing aquatic contaminants. To demonstrate framework utility, we used data from 96-h caged fish studies to prioritize chemicals detected in the Milwaukee Estuary (WI, USA; 2017–2018). Across study years, 77/178 targeted chemicals were detected. Chemicals were assigned prioritization scores based on spatial and temporal detection frequency, environmental distribution, environmental fate, ecotoxicological potential, and effect prediction. Chemicals were sorted into priority bins based on the intersection of prioritization score and data availability. Data-limited chemicals represented those that did not have sufficient data to adequately evaluate ecotoxicological potential or environmental fate. Seven compounds (fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene, atrazine, metolachlor, phenanthrene, and DEET) were identified as high or medium priority and data sufficient and flagged as candidates for further effects-based monitoring studies. Twenty-one compounds were identified as high or medium priority and data limited and flagged as candidates for further ecotoxicological research. Fifteen chemicals were flagged as the lowest priority in the watershed. One of these chemicals (2-methylnaphthalene) displayed no data limitations and was flagged as a definitively low-priority chemical. The remaining chemicals displayed some data limitations and were considered lower-priority compounds (contingent on further ecotoxicological and environmental fate assessments). The remaining 34 compounds were flagged as low or medium priority. Altogether, this prioritization provided a screening-level (non-definitive) assessment that could be used to focus further resource management and risk assessment activities in the Milwaukee Estuary. Furthermore, by providing detailed methodology and a practical example with real experimental data, we demonstrated that the proposed framework represents a transparent and adaptable approach for prioritizing contaminants in freshwater environments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;00:1–21. © 2022 SETAC
We conducted the first assessment of Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chick survival that accounts for imperfect resighting. We found that when chicks are larger in size when they enter the crèche stage (the period when both parents forage at the same time and chicks are left relatively unprotected), they have a higher probability of survival to fledging. We investigated the relationships between growth, crèche timing, and chick survival during one typical year and one year of reduced food availability. Chicks that hatched earlier in the season entered the crèche stage older, and chicks that both grew faster and crèched older entered the crèche at a larger size. These relationships were stronger in the year of reduced food availability. Thus, parents increased their chicks’ chance of fledging if they provided sufficient food for faster growth rates and/or extended the length of the brood-guarding period. Early nest initiation (i.e., early hatching) provided parents with the opportunity to extend the guard period and increase chick survival. However, to extend the guard stage successfully, they must provide larger meals and maintain higher chick growth rates, even if just one parent at a time is foraging, which previous work has shown is not possible for all individuals. We show that the factors governing tradeoffs in chick-rearing behavior of Adélie Penguin parents may vary in accord with environmental conditions, a result from which we can better understand species’ adaptations to environmental changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukad006","usgsCitation":"Jennings, S., Dugger, K., Ballard, G., and Ainley, D., 2023, Faster growth and larger size at crèche onset are associated with higher offspring survival in Adélie Penguins: Ornithology, v. 140, no. 2, ukad006, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad006.","productDescription":"ukad006, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-142218","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Scott","contributorId":275175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jennings","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":56739,"text":"cypres grove","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballard, Grant","contributorId":276385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"Grant","affiliations":[{"id":48619,"text":"pbcs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ainley, David","contributorId":275713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ainley","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":56884,"text":"htha","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70246795,"text":"70246795 - 2023 - Fire modifies plant–soil feedbacks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-19T11:49:57.43808","indexId":"70246795","displayToPublicDate":"2023-02-15T06:48:20","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire modifies plant–soil feedbacks","docAbstract":"Although plant–soil feedbacks (interactions between plants and soils, often mediated by soil microbes, abbreviated as PSFs) are widely known to influence patterns of plant diversity at local and landscape scales, these interactions are rarely examined in the context of important environmental factors. Resolving the roles of environmental factors is important because the environmental context may alter PSF patterns by modifying the strength or even direction of PSFs for certain species. One important environmental factor that is increasing in scale and frequency with climate change is fire, though the influence of fire on PSFs remains essentially unexamined. By changing microbial community composition, fire may alter the microbes available to colonize the roots of plants and thus seedling growth post-fire. This has potential to change the strength and/or direction of PSFs, depending on how such changes in microbial community composition occur and the plant species with which the microbes interact. We examined how a recent fire altered PSFs of two leguminous, nitrogen-fixing tree species in Hawaiʻi. For both species, growing in conspecific soil resulted in higher plant performance (as measured by biomass production) than growing in heterospecific soil. This pattern was mediated by nodule formation, an important process for growth for legume species. Fire weakened PSFs for these species and therefore pairwise PSFs, which were significant in unburned soils, but were nonsignificant in burned soils. Theory suggests that positive PSFs such as those found in unburned sites would reinforce the dominance of species where they are locally dominant. The change in pairwise PSFs with burn status shows PSF-mediated dominance might diminish after fire. Our results demonstrate that fire can modify PSFs by weakening the legume-rhizobia symbiosis, which may alter local competitive dynamics between two canopy dominant tree species. These findings illustrate the importance of considering environmental context when evaluating the role of PSFs for plants.
One of the most important considerations for acoustic telemetry study designs is detection probability between the transmitter and the receiver. Variation in environmental (i.e., wind and flow) and abiotic (i.e., bathymetry) conditions among aquatic systems can lead to differences in detection probability temporally or between systems. In this study we evaluate the effect of distance, receiver mount design, transmitter depth, and wind speed on detection probabilities of two models of acoustic transmitters in a mid-sized river. InnovaSea V16-6H (hereafter V16) and V13-1L (hereafter V13) tags were deployed in the James River, SD at 0.36 m (deep) and 2.29 m (V16 tag) or 1.98 m (V13 tag; shallow) above the benthic surface downstream of InnovaSea VR2W stationary receivers at distances of 100, 200, or 300 m. We used two receiver mount designs that included a fixed position within a PVC pipe on the downstream side of a bridge piling or a metal frame deployed in the middle of the river channel. Tags were deployed for 72 h at each location, and hourly detections were summarized. We evaluated downstream distance, receiver mount design, tag depth, and wind effects on tag detection using Bayesian logistic regression.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/s40317-022-00313-y","usgsCitation":"Carlson, T.L., LaBrie, L.A., Wesner, J., Chipps, S.R., Coulter, A., and Schall, B.J., 2023, Receiver mount design, transmitter depth, and wind speed affect detection probability of acoustic telemetry transmitters in a Missouri River tributary: Animal Biotelemetry, v. 11, no. 6, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-022-00313-y.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147364","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-022-00313-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"James River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.3152938410847,\n 42.884709549840466\n ],\n [\n -97.3152938410847,\n 42.85752575088864\n ],\n [\n -97.2356156303545,\n 42.85752575088864\n ],\n [\n -97.2356156303545,\n 42.884709549840466\n ],\n [\n -97.3152938410847,\n 42.884709549840466\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Tanner L.","contributorId":342338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"Tanner","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16684,"text":"University of South Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaBrie, Lindsey A. P.","contributorId":342339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaBrie","given":"Lindsey","email":"","middleInitial":"A. P.","affiliations":[{"id":16684,"text":"University of South Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wesner, Jeff S.","contributorId":342343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wesner","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[{"id":16684,"text":"University of South Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coulter, Alison A.","contributorId":342346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coulter","given":"Alison A.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schall, Benjamin J.","contributorId":342349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schall","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":81859,"text":"South Dakota Department of Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70246689,"text":"70246689 - 2023 - Compact or sprawling cities: Has the sparing-sharing framework yielded an ecological verdict?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-14T12:05:30.472077","indexId":"70246689","displayToPublicDate":"2023-02-13T07:04:29","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5476,"text":"Current Landscape Ecology Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compact or sprawling cities: Has the sparing-sharing framework yielded an ecological verdict?","docAbstract":"Global urban land area is growing faster than the urban population, raising concerns that sprawling, low-density development will reduce biodiversity and human wellbeing. The sparing-sharing framework, adapted from agroecology, provides one approach to assessing alternative urban growth patterns. It compares ecological outcomes in landscapes matched for total population and land area, but differing in configuration: land sparing (partitioned between densely urbanized and undeveloped areas) or land sharing (low-density development throughout). We reviewed the urban sparing-sharing literature since 2010 and recovered 15 studies conducted in 22 cities on four continents.
Collectively, studies assessed effects of alternative development patterns on 296 species, 21 community metrics (such as species richness), and 26 indicators of ecosystem services or processes (such as carbon sequestration). Sparing was the best option for 51% of individual species; 43% of community metrics; and 27% of ecosystem service indicators.
Existing ecological research does not clearly favor one pattern or the other, and new approaches are needed to facilitate decision making and ecological insight. Specifically, future work could (1) explicitly evaluate optimized urban development patterns across multiple competing priorities (such as providing housing, delivering ecosystem services, and protecting priority species), (2) tackle issues of spatial scale and connectivity that are often ambiguous in sparing-sharing research, and (3) improve geographical representation. These advances can be made while preserving the key insight of the framework–that choices between alternative landscape configurations are only meaningful when those landscapes are matched for total area and the level of human needs met.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s40823-022-00081-8","usgsCitation":"Youngsteadt, E., Terando, A., Costanza, J.K., and Vukomanovic, J., 2023, Compact or sprawling cities: Has the sparing-sharing framework yielded an ecological verdict?: Current Landscape Ecology Reports, v. 8, p. 11-22, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40823-022-00081-8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-146620","costCenters":[{"id":40926,"text":"Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Youngsteadt, Elsa","contributorId":205500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Youngsteadt","given":"Elsa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terando, Adam 0000-0002-9280-043X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-043X","contributorId":205908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Costanza, Jennifer K.","contributorId":176907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costanza","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vukomanovic, Jelena","contributorId":169906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vukomanovic","given":"Jelena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25620,"text":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado – Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70241011,"text":"70241011 - 2023 - Elodea mediates juvenile salmon growth by altering physical structure in freshwater habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-01T15:55:38.2878","indexId":"70241011","displayToPublicDate":"2023-02-13T06:37:33","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Elodea mediates juvenile salmon growth by altering physical structure in freshwater habitats","title":"Elodea mediates juvenile salmon growth by altering physical structure in freshwater habitats","docAbstract":"Invasive species introductions in high latitudes are accelerating and elevating the need to address questions of their effects on Subarctic and Arctic ecosystems. As a driver of ecosystem function, submerged aquatic vegetation is one of the most deleterious biological invasions to aquatic food webs. The aquatic plant Elodea spp. has potential to be a widespread invader to Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems and is already established in 19 waterbodies in Alaska, USA. Elodea spp. has been found to alter ecosystem processes through multiple pathways; yet little is known about the impact of Elodea spp. on fish life history. A primary concern is the effect of Elodea spp. on juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), because this invading plant can form dense stands in littoral zones, potentially impacting important freshwater rearing habitats used by juvenile fish for foraging and refuge from predators. We used a field experiment to test the effect of Elodea spp. on juvenile coho salmon (O. kisutch) growth in an infested lake near Cordova, Alaska, USA. We found that Elodea spp. stands result in reduced growth and a lower trophic position for juvenile coho salmon over the summer compared to habitats dominated by a native assemblage of aquatic plants. While infested sites were not associated with significant changes in water condition or primary productivity compared to sites dominated by native vegetation, zooplankton densities were reduced, and Elodea spp. height and vegetation richness increased macroinvertebrate densities. Combined, these results indicate that Elodea spp. may alter the flow of energy to juvenile salmon by restructuring space and affecting prey resources for rearing fish. Furthermore, these results suggest that widespread establishment of Elodea spp. may alter the quality of habitat for juvenile salmon and, by affecting juvenile fish growth, could lead to population-level impacts on salmon returns.
Colonization of urban areas by synanthropic wildlife introduces novel and complex alterations to established ecological processes, including the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. Aggregation at urban resources can increase disease transfer, with wide-ranging species potentially infecting outlying populations. The garrison at the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California, USA, was recently colonized by mange-infected coyotes (Canis latrans) that also use the surrounding Mojave Desert. This situation provided an ideal opportunity to examine the effects of urban resources on disease dynamics. We evaluated seasonal space use and determined the influence of anthropogenic subsidies, water sources, and prey density on urban resource selection. We found no difference in home range size between healthy and infected individuals, but infected residents had considerably more spatial overlap with one another than healthy residents. All coyotes selected for anthropogenic subsidies during all seasons, while infected coyotes seasonally selected for urban water sources, and healthy coyotes seasonally selected for urban areas with greater densities of natural prey. These results suggest that while all coyotes were selecting for anthropogenic subsidies, infected resident coyotes demonstrated a greater tolerance for other conspecifics, which could be facilitating the horizontal transfer of sarcoptic mange to non-resident coyotes. Conversely, healthy coyotes also selected for natural prey and healthy residents exhibited a lack of spatial overlap with other coyotes suggesting they were not reliant on anthropogenic subsidies and were maintaining territories. Understanding the association between urban wildlife, zoonotic diseases, and urban resources can be critical in determining effective responses for mitigating future epizootics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-023-05328-7","usgsCitation":"Reddell, C.D., Roemer, G.W., Delaney, D., Karish, T., and Cain, J.W., 2023, Anthropogenic subsidies influence resource use during a mange epizootic in a desert coyote population: Oecologia, v. 201, p. 435-447, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-023-05328-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"447","ipdsId":"IP-137129","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Fort Irwin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.2032931867908,\n 35.658455114584214\n ],\n [\n -117.2032931867908,\n 34.96919321548317\n ],\n [\n -116.06067559317455,\n 34.96919321548317\n ],\n [\n -116.06067559317455,\n 35.658455114584214\n ],\n [\n -117.2032931867908,\n 35.658455114584214\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"201","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddell, Craig D.","contributorId":276276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reddell","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12628,"text":"New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roemer, Gary W.","contributorId":273109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roemer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12628,"text":"New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delaney, David K.","contributorId":276280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delaney","given":"David K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":903749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karish, Talesha","contributorId":337900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karish","given":"Talesha","affiliations":[{"id":12628,"text":"New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242017,"text":"70242017 - 2023 - Six years of fluvial response to a large dam removal on the Carmel River, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T16:51:13.29324","indexId":"70242017","displayToPublicDate":"2023-02-07T08:17:40","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Six years of fluvial response to a large dam removal on the Carmel River, California, USA","docAbstract":"Measuring river response to dam removal affords a rare, important opportunity to study fluvial response to sediment pulses on a large field scale. We present a before–after/control–impact study of the Carmel River, California, measuring fluvial geomorphic and grain-size evolution over 8 years, six of which postdated removal of a 32 m-high dam (one of the largest dams removed worldwide) and included 11 flow events exceeding the 2-year flood magnitude. We find that the reservoir-sediment pulse following dam removal was relatively small (97 000 ± 24 000 t over 4 years), owing to deliberate reservoir-sediment stabilization. Scaled to the size of the Carmel River watershed and compared against long-term bedrock denudation rates, the post-dam-removal sediment release was slightly less than the annualized long-term sediment export from this basin. New sediment transited >30 km to the river mouth in less than 2 years, assisted by floods 2 and 4 years after dam removal. The sediment pulse fined the downstream riverbed while causing mostly low-magnitude bed-elevation changes: commonly 0.5 to 1 m or smaller, occurring as discontinuous sediment patches or interstitial deposits, aside from the filling and subsequent partial scour of deep pools. There was no major geomorphic reset downstream from the dam site. Geomorphic changes were driven almost entirely by flow rather than by the modest increase in sediment supply, in contrast to recent examples from other large dam removals. The relatively minor disturbance caused by dam removal on the Carmel River is likely analogous to many future dam removals: a relatively small sediment pulse after deliberate limitation of reservoir-sediment erosion, and with an upstream dam remaining in place. Thus, a large dam removal need not lead to major downstream impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.5561","usgsCitation":"East, A.E., Harrison, L.R., Smith, D.P., Logan, J.B., and Bond, R., 2023, Six years of fluvial response to a large dam removal on the Carmel River, California, USA: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 48, no. 8, p. 1487-1501, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5561.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1487","endPage":"1501","ipdsId":"IP-146182","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444561,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5561","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Carmel River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.62577522165773,\n 36.36105374788829\n ],\n [\n -121.58724434610056,\n 36.40905968854021\n ],\n [\n -121.61843600726598,\n 36.46293870830412\n ],\n [\n -121.750541866319,\n 36.53594773620604\n ],\n [\n -121.8532908678046,\n 36.61551540625254\n ],\n [\n -121.90741757394426,\n 36.588265345279865\n ],\n [\n -121.93261880515863,\n 36.54806169091083\n ],\n [\n -121.88413981443409,\n 36.520771377870034\n ],\n [\n -121.79850327393265,\n 36.50047233869989\n ],\n [\n -121.7839886060512,\n 36.469663631874326\n ],\n [\n -121.74712134963194,\n 36.40894399256348\n ],\n [\n -121.68209557572075,\n 36.36804816657221\n ],\n [\n -121.62606895769773,\n 36.3610353099688\n ],\n [\n -121.62577522165773,\n 36.36105374788829\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, Lee R.","contributorId":174322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Douglas P.","contributorId":201716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":35924,"text":"California State University, Monterey Bay","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B. 0000-0002-6191-4119 jlogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6191-4119","contributorId":2335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua","email":"jlogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bond, Rosealea","contributorId":201717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"Rosealea","affiliations":[{"id":12520,"text":"NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70240729,"text":"70240729 - 2023 - A restructured Bayesian approach to estimate the abundance of a rare and invasive fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-25T15:45:17.03652","indexId":"70240729","displayToPublicDate":"2023-02-04T07:20:54","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A restructured Bayesian approach to estimate the abundance of a rare and invasive fish","docAbstract":"Quantifying invasive species abundance informs management and control strategies. However, estimating abundance can be challenging, particularly when dealing with rare species early in the invasion process. Data generated from control strategies, such as removing invasive species, are usually not suited to conventional statistical modelling approaches. Hence, we developed a Bayesian model using data generated by a grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) control program in the Sandusky River, Ohio (USA) for estimating the abundance of rare, invasive species. The model is a restructured N-mixture model modified to incorporate the data generating process (i.e., setting a trammel net to isolate a sampling area followed by boat-mounted electrofishing). Allowing the estimation of grass carp abundance from the species removal data, which had very few detections relative to the sampling effort. Our results indicated that the average number of grass carp present in the river at any one time did not change substantially from 2018 to 2020. The highest abundance estimates were in the lower and upper-middle segments of the river, suggesting possible recolonization from Lake Erie, and possibly other tributaries. Ultimately, the ability to use species-control data to estimate abundance provides important information for management, particularly for invasive ‘sleeper’ species in freshwater ecosystems.
The oxidative weathering of sulfidic rock can profoundly impact watersheds through the resulting export of acidity and metals. Weathering leaves a record of mineral transformation, particularly involving minor redox-sensitive phases, that can inform the development of conceptual and quantitative models. In sulfidic sedimentary rocks, however, variations in depositional history, diagenesis and mineralization can change or overprint the distributions of these trace minerals, complicating the interpretation of weathering signatures. Here we show that a combination of bulk mineralogical and geochemical techniques, micrometer-resolution X-ray fluorescence microprobe analysis and rock magnetic measurements, applied to drill core samples and single weathered fractures, can provide data that enable the development of a geochemically consistent weathering model.
This work focused on one watershed in the Upper Colorado River Basin sitting within the Mesaverde Formation, a sedimentary sandstone bedrock with disseminated sulfide minerals, including pyrite and sphalerite, that were introduced during diagenesis and subsequent magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization. Combined analytical methods revealed the pathways of iron (Fe), carbonate and silicate mineral weathering and showed how pH controls element retention or release from the actively weathering fractured sandstone. Drill core logging, whole rock X-ray diffraction, and geochemical measurements document the progression from unweathered rock at depth to weathered rock at the surface. X-ray microprobe analyses of a 1-cm size weathering profile along a fracture surface are consistent with the mobilization of Fe(II) and Fe(III) into acidic pore water from the dissolution of primary pyrite, Fe-sphalerite, chlorite, and minor siderite and pyrrhotite. These reactions are followed by the precipitation of secondary minerals such as of goethite and jarosite, a Fe-(oxyhydr)oxide and hydrous Fe(III) sulfate, respectively. Microscale analyses also helped explain the weathering reactions responsible for the mineralogical transformations observed in the top and most weathered section of the drill core. For example, dissolution of feldspar and chlorite neutralizes the acidity generated by Fe and sulfide mineral oxidation, oversaturating the solution in both Fe-oxides. The combination of X-ray spectromicroscopy and magnetic measurements show that the Fe(III) product is goethite, mainly present either as a coatings on fracture surfaces in the actively weathering region of the core or more homogeneously contained within the unconsolidated regolith at the top of the core. Low-temperature magnetic data reveal the presence of ferromagnetic Fe-sulfide pyrrhotite that, although it occurs at trace concentrations, could provide a qualitative proxy for unweathered sulfide minerals because the loss of pyrrhotite is associated with the onset of oxidative weathering. Pyrrhotite loss and goethite formation are detectable through room-temperature magnetic coercivity changes, suggesting that rock magnetic measurements can determine weathering intensity in rock samples at many scales. This work contributes evidence that the weathering of sulfidic sedimentary rocks follows a geochemical pattern in which the abundance of sulfide minerals controls the generation of acidity and dissolved elements, and the pH-dependent mobility of these elements controls their export to the ground- and surface-water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2022.11.005","usgsCitation":"Carrero, S., Slotznick, S.P., Fakra, S.C., Sitar, M.C., Bone, S.E., Mauk, J.L., Manning, A.H., Swanson-Hysell, N., Williams, K.H., Banfield, J.F., and Gilbert, B., 2023, Mineralogical, magnetic and geochemical data constrain the pathways and extent of weathering of mineralized sedimentary rocks: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 343, p. 180-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2022.11.005.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"195","ipdsId":"IP-144517","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9rx7w6vm","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":416368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.02298126226637,\n 54.47123140197621\n ],\n [\n -107.02298126226637,\n 53.04438952769195\n ],\n [\n -106.457428641961,\n 53.04438952769195\n ],\n [\n -106.457428641961,\n 54.47123140197621\n ],\n [\n -107.02298126226637,\n 54.47123140197621\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.17636327510458,\n 38.98415958443957\n ],\n [\n -107.17636327510458,\n 38.76066749873635\n ],\n [\n -106.78664053376538,\n 38.76066749873635\n ],\n [\n -106.78664053376538,\n 38.98415958443957\n ],\n [\n -107.17636327510458,\n 38.98415958443957\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"343","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrero, Sergio","contributorId":304474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carrero","given":"Sergio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38900,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slotznick, Sarah P.","contributorId":298122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slotznick","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fakra, Sirine C.","contributorId":304475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fakra","given":"Sirine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":38900,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sitar, M. Cole","contributorId":304476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sitar","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Cole","affiliations":[{"id":38900,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bone, Sharon E.","contributorId":304477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bone","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36408,"text":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mauk, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-6244-2774 jmauk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2774","contributorId":4101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauk","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmauk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Swanson-Hysell, Nicholas L.","contributorId":304479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swanson-Hysell","given":"Nicholas L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Williams, Kenneth H.","contributorId":268895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":38900,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Banfield, Jillian F.","contributorId":152634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banfield","given":"Jillian","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":18952,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gilbert, Benjamin","contributorId":304478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38900,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70243012,"text":"70243012 - 2023 - Field evaluation of semi-automated moisture estimation from geophysics using machine learning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-26T11:53:56.65994","indexId":"70243012","displayToPublicDate":"2023-02-02T06:49:29","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field evaluation of semi-automated moisture estimation from geophysics using machine learning","docAbstract":"Geophysical methods can provide three-dimensional (3D), spatially continuous estimates of soil moisture. However, point-to-point comparisons of geophysical properties to measure soil moisture data are frequently unsatisfactory, resulting in geophysics being used for qualitative purposes only. This is because (1) geophysics requires models that relate geophysical signals to soil moisture, (2) geophysical methods have potential uncertainties resulting from smoothing and artifacts introduced from processing and inversion, and (3) results from multiple geophysical methods are not easily combined within a single soil moisture estimation framework. To investigate these potential limitations, an irrigation experiment was performed wherein soil moisture was monitored through time, and several surface geophysical datasets indirectly sensitive to soil moisture were collected before and after irrigation: ground penetrating radar, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and frequency domain electromagnetics (FDEM). Data were exported in both raw and processed form, and then snapped to a common 3D grid to facilitate moisture prediction by standard calibration techniques, multivariate regression, and machine learning. A combination of inverted ERT data, raw FDEM, and inverted FDEM data was most informative for predicting soil moisture using a random regression forest model (one-thousand 60/40 training/test cross-validation folds produced root mean squared errors ranging from 0.025–0.046 cm3/cm3). This cross-validated model was further supported by a separate evaluation using a test set from a physically separate portion of the study area. Machine learning was conducive to a semi-automated model-selection process that could be used for other sites and datasets to locally improve accuracy.
Droughts that are hotter, more frequent, and last longer; pest outbreaks that are more extensive and more common; and fires that are more frequent, more extensive, and perhaps more severe have raised concern that forests in the western United States may not return once disturbed by one or more of these agents. Numerous field-based studies have been undertaken to better understand forest response to these changing disturbance regimes. Meta-analyses of these studies provide broad guidelines on the biotic and abiotic factors that hinder forest recovery, but study-to-study differences in methods and objectives do not support estimation of the total extent of potentially impaired forest succession. In this research, we provide an estimate of the area of potentially impaired forest succession. The estimate was derived from modeling of an 18-year land cover and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series supported by an extensive ancillary dataset. We estimate an upper bound of approximately 3470 km2 of disturbed forest that may not return or reattain prior composition and structure. Based on the data used, fire appears to be the main disturbance agent of impaired forest succession, although climatic factors cannot be discounted. The numerous field studies routinely cite distal seed sources as a factor that hinders forest recovery, and we estimate that 20 % of the upper bound estimate has no forest cover within a 4.4-ha neighborhood. Our upper bound estimate is about 0.5 % of the 2001 mapped extent of western United States forests. The estimate is cognizant of measurement and modeling uncertainties (i.e., upper bound) and uncertainties related to successional rates and trajectories (i.e., potential).
Earlier spring warming and anadromous fish migrations prompted by climate change are linked to shorter freshwater residency. Impacts of phenological change on anadromous fish populations are poorly understood with limited studies focused on iteroparous non-salmonids. We assessed freshwater residence time and reproductive success in an iteroparous clupeid, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) using a pedigree analysis and otolith-based spawning dates from captured juveniles. The primary objectives were to (1) estimate adult spawning duration in a freshwater pond (freshwater residence time) and (2) evaluate adult freshwater residence time, arrival date, length, sex, and reproductive success across 2 years in one system. Estimated freshwater residence times varied widely (1–64 days), and longer residence times were associated with earlier arrival dates, higher reproductive success, and more mating events. Longer freshwater residence times may allow alewife to spawn with more mates, produce more gametes, and experience a range of spawning and nursery conditions. Plasticity in alewife freshwater residence time could support earlier and shorter migration periods but may result in lower reproductive output if adults spend less time in freshwater ponds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2022-0086","usgsCitation":"Marjadi, M., Roy, A.H., Devine, M., Gahagan, B., Jordaan, A., Rosset, J., and Whiteley, A., 2023, Effects of freshwater residence time on reproductive success in anadromous alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus): climate change implications: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 80, no. 3, p. 563-576, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2022-0086.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"576","ipdsId":"IP-139986","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/126432","text":"External Repository"},{"id":480755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Pentucket Pond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.00429206328943,\n 42.73849221387013\n ],\n [\n -71.00429206328943,\n 42.729638028060464\n ],\n [\n -70.98878808335037,\n 42.729638028060464\n ],\n [\n -70.98878808335037,\n 42.73849221387013\n ],\n [\n -71.00429206328943,\n 42.73849221387013\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marjadi, Meghna N.","contributorId":348960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marjadi","given":"Meghna N.","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Devine, Matthew T.","contributorId":348961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devine","given":"Matthew T.","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gahagan, Benjamin I.","contributorId":348962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gahagan","given":"Benjamin I.","affiliations":[{"id":39892,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordaan, Adrian","contributorId":348963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordaan","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosset, Julianne","contributorId":348964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosset","given":"Julianne","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whiteley, Andrew R.","contributorId":348965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whiteley","given":"Andrew R.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70262834,"text":"70262834 - 2023 - Soil and geomorphic patterns within relict charcoal hearths could represent unique ecosystem niches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-24T15:40:58.468588","indexId":"70262834","displayToPublicDate":"2023-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil and geomorphic patterns within relict charcoal hearths could represent unique ecosystem niches","docAbstract":"Hearths used for 19th and 20th century charcoal manufacturing have been found to have unique plant communities or to produce unique growth characteristics for some species but not others. Given known differences in hearth morphology, within hearth physical and chemical differences may exist and result in unique ecologic niches. We examined soil stratigraphy across 8 relict charcoal hearths (RCH) and control soils on different landforms near a 19th century furnace complex (Greenwood Furnace, northcentral Appalachians USA). Soils were analyzed for particle size, total and trace elements, and fertility. Platform creation resulted in soils from upslope RCH positions mixed with subsurface materials on the downslope side to create a stabilized platform. The thin, uniform thickness of charcoal surface horizons (Ac) suggests that RCHs were not used more than once for charcoal manufacturing or that charcoal was always removed very efficiently. While rubification of soil or rock from high heat was seen in 6 of 8 sites sampled, it was not extensive across sampled areas of any one hearth, which suggests hearth use may not have frequent, hot enough, or spatially disparate. Soil fertility characteristics change within RCHs but also by landscape position. Downslope RCH positions are enriched in some parameters compared to control soils (total C, Mehlich 3 Mg, Ca, and Aquia Regia digestion Mn) and that enrichment often is from the surface downward. Downslope enrichment within RCH soils may have occurred from charcoal and released ions, slope erosion and accumulation, or transportation of constructed materials during RCH creation. Landscape position may accentuate or mute soil chemistry differences. Greenwood Furnace RCHs have unique patterns of chemistry, which could result in unique niches for flora and maybe fauna within RCH. Future research should more closely investigate whether hearths support unique species assemblages and how they may play a role in enhancing today’s forest biodiversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108525","usgsCitation":"Bayuzick, S., Guarin, D., Benavides, J., Bonhage, A., Hirsch, F., Diefenbach, D.R., McDill, M., Raab, T., and Drohan, P., 2023, Soil and geomorphic patterns within relict charcoal hearths could represent unique ecosystem niches: Geomorphology, v. 422, 108525, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108525.","productDescription":"108525, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144124","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108525","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":481138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Greenwood Furnace State Park, Rothrock State Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.88527087498365,\n 40.75432923716272\n ],\n [\n -77.88527087498365,\n 40.594519811533985\n ],\n [\n -77.64685924071077,\n 40.594519811533985\n ],\n [\n -77.64685924071077,\n 40.75432923716272\n ],\n [\n -77.88527087498365,\n 40.75432923716272\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"422","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayuzick, S.","contributorId":348658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bayuzick","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guarin, D.","contributorId":348662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guarin","given":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benavides, J.","contributorId":349873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benavides","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonhage, A.","contributorId":348664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonhage","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":83395,"text":"Brandenburg University of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hirsch, F.","contributorId":348665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hirsch","given":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McDill, M.","contributorId":348666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDill","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Raab, T.","contributorId":348667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raab","given":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Drohan, P.J.","contributorId":348668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drohan","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70256545,"text":"70256545 - 2023 - Viability of side-scan sonar to enumerate Paddlefish, a large pelagic freshwater fish, in rivers and reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-22T14:59:53.775057","indexId":"70256545","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-27T09:42:10","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viability of side-scan sonar to enumerate Paddlefish, a large pelagic freshwater fish, in rivers and reservoirs","docAbstract":"Recreational-grade side-scan sonar (SSS) has become an invaluable tool for inland fisheries, particularly when characterizing underwater habitat, but it is being increasingly used for enumerating large-bodied (> 1 m total length [TL]) aquatic fauna. We used SSS in river and reservoir environments to evaluate methods for identifying and counting Paddlefish Polyodon spathula, a large pelagic planktivore of recreational and economic importance that can exceed 2 m in length and weigh over 70 kg. We assessed accuracy and precision among readers to identify Paddlefish by assigning confidence scores (1–3; with 3 being more confident) to sonar images of a ballistics-gel filled fiberglass replica Paddlefish. Readers varied in their confidence scores for the replica Paddlefish and no reader could identify the target beyond 25 m from the transducer. Afterwards, we used SSS to survey several kilometers of a reservoir during summer residency and a large river during springtime spawning migrations. Two readers counted Paddlefish images in the SSS recordings and we estimated population size in the surveyed area with distance sampling. In the reservoir, the number of Paddlefish counted ranged from 172 to 184. In the river, the number of Paddlefish counted ranged from 165 to 617. The exponential model of distance was most-supported for detection in both environments, except there was support for a half-norm distribution for one reader in the river. In the reservoir, abundance estimates were statistically similar between readers at approximately 1500 (7/ha) in the total scanned area. In the river, similar abundance estimates were obtained with the half-norm model from one reader compared to the exponential model of the other reader, resulting in approximately 1500 individuals (30/ha) in the surveyed area. The application of SSS to count Paddlefish has some clear advantages to traditional methods, such as gill netting, and can be done at multiple times of the year. Distance sampling methods compensated for differences in counts among readers, indicating distance sampling can produce similar abundance estimates even when variation in counts exists among readers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2023.106639","usgsCitation":"Wolfenkoehler, W., Long, J.M., Gary, R., Snow, R., Schooley, J.D., Bruckerhoff, L.A., and Lonsinger, R.C., 2023, Viability of side-scan sonar to enumerate Paddlefish, a large pelagic freshwater fish, in rivers and reservoirs: Fisheries Research, v. 261, 106639, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2023.106639.","productDescription":"106639, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-142414","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Keystone Lake, Lake Carl Blackwell, Verdigris River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.32079029272471,\n 36.18635094806682\n ],\n [\n -97.32079029272471,\n 36.089827328506544\n ],\n [\n -97.1696333849386,\n 36.089827328506544\n ],\n [\n -97.1696333849386,\n 36.18635094806682\n ],\n [\n -97.32079029272471,\n 36.18635094806682\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.2644501788143,\n 36.125328208556084\n ],\n [\n -96.2240244941739,\n 36.16506963468771\n ],\n [\n -96.21875157878593,\n 36.22747975513728\n ],\n [\n -96.45427513277778,\n 36.332329984806975\n ],\n [\n -96.47536679432932,\n 36.306838838970805\n ],\n [\n -96.420880001988,\n 36.254414197425305\n ],\n [\n -96.3945154250485,\n 36.210463747118126\n ],\n [\n -96.29081475575383,\n 36.213300005475446\n ],\n [\n -96.29081475575383,\n 36.13952388632518\n ],\n [\n -96.2644501788143,\n 36.125328208556084\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.52086370103724,\n 36.84221290357827\n ],\n [\n -95.63789552781877,\n 36.84221290357827\n ],\n [\n -95.63789552781877,\n 36.6881372389295\n ],\n [\n -95.52086370103724,\n 36.6881372389295\n ],\n [\n -95.52086370103724,\n 36.84221290357827\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"261","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfenkoehler, Wyatt","contributorId":341077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolfenkoehler","given":"Wyatt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gary, Ryan","contributorId":341078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gary","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snow, Richard A.","contributorId":341079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snow","given":"Richard A.","affiliations":[{"id":81697,"text":"Oklahoma Fishery Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schooley, Jason D.","contributorId":341080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schooley","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":81698,"text":"Paddlefish Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bruckerhoff, Lindsey Ann 0000-0002-9523-4808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9523-4808","contributorId":292594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruckerhoff","given":"Lindsey","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lonsinger, Robert Charles 0000-0002-1040-7299","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1040-7299","contributorId":340524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonsinger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70247865,"text":"70247865 - 2023 - Decompression and degassing, repressurization, and regassing during cyclic eruptions at Guagua Pichincha volcano, Ecuador, 1999–2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-22T13:39:04.295519","indexId":"70247865","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-27T08:32:39","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decompression and degassing, repressurization, and regassing during cyclic eruptions at Guagua Pichincha volcano, Ecuador, 1999–2001","docAbstract":"In 1999–2001, Guagua Pichincha volcano, Ecuador, produced a series of cyclic explosive and effusive eruptions. Rock samples, including dense blocks and pumiceous clasts collected during the eruption sequence, and ballistic bombs later collected from the crater floor, provide information about magma storage, ascent, decompression, degassing, repressurization, and regassing prior to eruption. Pairs of Fe-Ti oxides indicate equilibrium within 1.2–1.5 log units above the NNO oxidation buffer and equilibrium temperatures from 805 to 905 °C. Melt inclusions record H2O contents of 2.7–4.6 wt% and CO2 contents (uncorrected for CO2 segregation into bubbles) from 19 to 310 ppm. Minimum melt inclusion saturation pressures fall between 69 and 168 MPa, or equilibration depths of 2.8 and 6.8 km, the lower end of which is coincident with the maximum inferred equilibration depths for the most vesicular breadcrust bombs sampled. Amphibole phenocrysts lack breakdown rims (except for one sample) and plagioclase phenocrysts have abundant oscillatory compositional zones. Plagioclase areal microlite number densities (Na) range over less than one order of magnitude (8.9×103–8.7×104 mm-2) among all samples, with the exception of a dense, low crystallinity sample (Na = 3.0×103 mm−2) and a pumiceous sample erupted on 17 December 1999 (Na = 1.7×103 mm−2). Plagioclase microlite shapes include tabular, hopper, and swallowtail forms. Taken together, the relatively high plagioclase microlite number densities, the high number of oscillatory zones in plagioclase phenocrysts, the presence of CO2 in groundmass glass, seismicity, and time-varying tilt cycles provide a picture of sudden evacuation of magma residing at different levels in the shallow conduit. Explosive eruptions punctuate inter-eruptive repose periods marked by time-varying rates of degassing (volatile fluxing) and re-pressurization. Shallow residence time in the conduit was sufficient to allow precipitation of silica-phase in the groundmass, but insufficient to allow breakdown of hornblende phenocrysts, with the one exception of the final dome sample from 2000, which has the longest preceding repose time. These results support a model of cyclic pressure cycling, volatile exsolution and regassing, and magma decompression decoupled from ascent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-023-01626-3","usgsCitation":"Wright, H.M., Cioni, R., Cashman, K.V., Mothes, P., and Rosi, M., 2023, Decompression and degassing, repressurization, and regassing during cyclic eruptions at Guagua Pichincha volcano, Ecuador, 1999–2001: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 85, 12, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01626-3.","productDescription":"12, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-143035","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01626-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","otherGeospatial":"Guagua Pichincha Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.64295621873246,\n -0.14110488224878281\n ],\n [\n -78.64295621873246,\n -0.201181738857926\n ],\n [\n -78.58224335456136,\n -0.201181738857926\n ],\n [\n -78.58224335456136,\n -0.14110488224878281\n ],\n [\n -78.64295621873246,\n -0.14110488224878281\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Heather M. 0000-0001-9013-507X hwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-507X","contributorId":3949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Heather","email":"hwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cioni, Raffaello 0000-0002-2526-9095","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-9095","contributorId":328622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cioni","given":"Raffaello","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78424,"text":"Universita degli Studi di Firenzi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cashman, Katharine V.","contributorId":199542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashman","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":13025,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mothes, Patricia","contributorId":178532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mothes","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":880790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosi, Mauro","contributorId":206499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosi","given":"Mauro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":880791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70240951,"text":"70240951 - 2023 - Genetic diversity, structure, and effective population size of an endangered, endemic hoary bat, ʻōpeʻapeʻa, across the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-02T13:16:02.493245","indexId":"70240951","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-25T07:13:20","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13441,"text":"Peer J","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic diversity, structure, and effective population size of an endangered, endemic hoary bat, ʻōpeʻapeʻa, across the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"Island bat species are disproportionately at risk of extinction, and Hawaiʻi’s only native terrestrial land mammal, the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus semotus) locally known as ʻōpeʻapeʻa, is no exception. To effectively manage this bat species with an archipelago-wide distribution, it is important to determine the population size on each island and connectivity between islands. We used 18 nuclear microsatellite loci and one mitochondrial gene from 339 individuals collected from 1988–2020 to evaluate genetic diversity, population structure and estimate effective population size on the Islands of Hawaiʻi, Maui, Oʻahu, and Kauaʻi. Genetic differentiation occurred between Hawaiʻi and Maui, both of which were differentiated from Oʻahu and Kauaʻi. The population on Maui presents the greatest per-island genetic diversity, consistent with their hypothesized status as the original founding population. A signature of isolation by distance was detected between islands, with contemporary migration analyses indicating limited gene flow in recent generations, and male-biased sex dispersal within Maui. Historical and long-term estimates of genetic effective population sizes were generally larger than contemporary estimates, although estimates of contemporary genetic effective population size lacked upper bounds in confidence intervals for Hawaiʻi and Kauaʻi. Contemporary genetic effective population sizes were smaller on Oʻahu and Maui. We also detected evidence of past bottlenecks on all islands with the exception of Hawaiʻi. Our study provides population-level estimates for the genetic diversity and geographic structure of ‘ōpeʻapeʻa, that could be used by agencies tasked with wildlife conservation in Hawaiʻi.
Phragmites australis (common reed) has a cosmopolitan distribution and has been suggested as a model organism for the study of invasive plant species. In North America, the non-native subspecies (ssp. australis) is widely distributed across the contiguous 48 states in the United States and large parts of Canada. Even though millions of dollars are spent annually on Phragmites management, insufficient knowledge of P. australis impeded the efficiency of management. To solve this problem, transcriptomic information generated from multiple types of tissue could be a valuable resource for future studies. Here, we constructed forty-nine P. australis transcriptomes assemblies via different assembly tools and multiple parameter settings. The optimal transcriptome assembly for functional annotation and downstream analyses was selected among these transcriptome assemblies by comprehensive assessments. For a total of 422,589 transcripts assembled in this transcriptome assembly, 319,046 transcripts (75.5%) have at least one functional annotation. Within the transcriptome assembly, we further identified 1,495 transcripts showing tissue-specific expression pattern, 10,828 putative transcription factors, and 72,165 candidates for simple sequence repeats markers. The identification and analyses of predicted transcripts related to herbicide- and salinity-resistant genes were shown as two applications of the transcriptomic information to facilitate further research on P. australis. Transcriptome assembly and selection would be important for the transcriptome annotation. With this optimal transcriptome assembly and all relative information from downstream analyses, we have helped to establish foundations for future studies on the mechanisms underlying the invasiveness of non-native P. australis subspecies.