Air Force Plant 4 (AFP4) and adjacent Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base (NAS-JRB) at Fort Worth, Tex., constitute a government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) facility that has been in operation since 1942. Contaminants from the facility, primarily volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metals, have entered the groundwater-flow system through leakage from waste-disposal sites (landfills and pits) and from manufacturing processes (U.S. Air Force, Aeronautical Systems Center, 1995).
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force (USAF), Aeronautical Systems Center, Environmental Management Directorate (ASC/ENVR), developed a comprehensive database (or geodatabase) of temporal and spatial environmental information associated with the geology, hydrology, and water quality at AFP4 and NAS-JRB. The database of this report provides information about the AFP4 and NAS-JRB study area including sample location names, identification numbers, locations, historical dates, and various measured hydrologic data. This database does not include every sample location at the site, but is limited to an aggregation of selected digital and hardcopy data of the USAF, USGS, and various consultants who have previously or are currently working at the site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051041","usgsCitation":"Shah, S., and Quigley, S.M., 2005, Geodatabase of environmental information for Air Force Plant 4 and Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Carswell Field, Fort Worth, Texas, 1990-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1041, Report: 5 p.; ReadMe; Zipped CD Files; Data Dictionary, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051041.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.; ReadMe; Zipped CD Files; Data Dictionary","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051041.JPG"},{"id":409125,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_72070.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":6754,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Fort Worth","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.42554321003897,\n 32.780688573146605\n ],\n [\n -97.42554321003897,\n 32.74218303078236\n ],\n [\n -97.38269461761818,\n 32.74218303078236\n ],\n [\n -97.38269461761818,\n 32.780688573146605\n ],\n [\n -97.42554321003897,\n 32.780688573146605\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, Sachin D.","contributorId":60174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Sachin D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quigley, Sean M.","contributorId":22435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quigley","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70541,"text":"ds107 - 2005 - Data on dissolved pesticides and volatile organic compounds in surface and ground waters in the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California, water years 1992-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"ds107","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"107","title":"Data on dissolved pesticides and volatile organic compounds in surface and ground waters in the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California, water years 1992-1995","docAbstract":"This report contains pesticide, volatile organic compound, major ion, nutrient, tritium, stable isotope, organic carbon, and trace-metal data collected from 149 ground-water wells, and pesticide data collected from 39 surface-water stream sites in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Included with the ground-water data are field measurements of pH, specific conductance, alkalinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. This report describes data collection procedures, analytical methods, quality assurance, and quality controls used by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program to ensure data reliability. Data contained in this report were collected during a four year period by the San Joaquin?Tulare Basins Study Unit of the United States Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nSurface-water-quality data collection began in April 1992, with sampling done three times a week at three sites as part of a pilot study conducted to provide background information for the surface-water-study design. Monthly samples were collected at 10 sites for major ions and nutrients from January 1993 to March 1995. Additional samples were collected at four of these sites, from January to December 1993, to study spatial and temporal variability in dissolved pesticide concentrations. Samples for several synoptic studies were collected from 1993 to 1995.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nGround-water-quality data collection was restricted to the eastern alluvial fans subarea of the San Joaquin Valley. Data collection began in 1993 with the sampling of 21 wells in vineyard land-use settings. In 1994, 29 wells were sampled in almond land-use settings and 9 in vineyard land-use settings; an additional 11 wells were sampled along a flow path in the eastern Fresno County vineyard land-use area. Among the 79 wells sampled in 1995, 30 wells were in the corn, alfalfa, and vegetable land-use setting, and 1 well was in the vineyard land-use setting; an additional 20 were flow-path wells. Also sampled in 1995 were 28 wells used for a regional assessment of ground-water quality in the eastern San Joaquin Valley.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds107","usgsCitation":"Kinsey, W.B., Johnson, M.V., and Gronberg, J.M., 2005, Data on dissolved pesticides and volatile organic compounds in surface and ground waters in the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California, water years 1992-1995 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 107, 372 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds107.","productDescription":"372 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6906,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ds107/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c848","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinsey, Willie B.","contributorId":16925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinsey","given":"Willie","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Mark V.","contributorId":22436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-4822-7434 jmgronbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-7434","contributorId":3548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","email":"jmgronbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70524,"text":"sir20045248 - 2005 - Evaluation of volatile organic compounds in two Mojave Desert basins-Mojave River and Antelope Valley-in San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and Kern Counties, California, June-October 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"sir20045248","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5248","title":"Evaluation of volatile organic compounds in two Mojave Desert basins-Mojave River and Antelope Valley-in San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and Kern Counties, California, June-October 2002","docAbstract":"The California Aquifer Susceptibility Assessment of the Ground-Water Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program was developed to assess water quality and susceptibility of ground-water resources to contamination from surficial sources. This study focuses on the Mojave River and the Antelope Valley ground-water basins in southern California. \r\n\r\nVolatile organic compound (VOC) data were evaluated in conjunction with tritium data to determine a potential correlation with aquifer type, depth to top of perforations, and land use to VOC distribution and occurrence in the Mojave River and the Antelope Valley Basins. Detection frequencies for VOCs were compiled and compared to assess the distribution in each area. Explanatory variables were evaluated by comparing detection frequencies for VOCs and tritium and the number of compounds detected. Thirty-three wells were sampled in the Mojave River Basin (9 in the floodplain aquifer, 15 in the regional aquifer, and 9 in the sewered subset of the regional aquifer). Thirty-two wells were sampled in the Antelope Valley Basin. Quality-control samples also were collected to identify, quantify, and document bias and variability in the data.\r\n\r\nResults show that VOCs generally were detected slightly more often in the Antelope Valley Basin samples than in the Mojave River Basin samples. VOCs were detected more frequently in the floodplain aquifer than in the regional aquifer and the sewered subset. Tritium was detected more frequently in the Mojave River Basin samples than in the Antelope Valley Basin samples, and it was detected more frequently in the floodplain aquifer than in the regional aquifer and the sewered subset. Most of the samples collected in both basins for this study contained old water (water recharged prior to 1952). In general, in these desert basins, tritium need not be present for VOCs to be present. When VOCs were detected, young water (water recharge after 1952) was slightly more likely to be contaminated than old water.\r\n\r\nTrihalomethanes (THMs) were detected less frequently in the Mojave River Basin samples than in the Antelope Valley Basin samples. The THMs that were detected in the Mojave River Basin were detected more frequently in the floodplain aquifer than in the regional aquifer and sewered subset. Solvents were detected more frequently in the Mojave River samples than in the Antelope Valley samples. In the Mojave River Basin samples, solvents were detected less frequently in the floodplain aquifer than in the regional aquifer and the sewered subset. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) were not detected in either study area. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was detected in one sample from both the Mojave River and Antelope Valley Basins. \r\n\r\nThe most frequently detected compound (detected in more than 10 percent of the wells) in the Mojave River Basin was chloroform. The two most frequently detected compounds in the Antelope Valley Basin were chloroform and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). \r\n\r\nIn the Mojave River Basin, aquifer type and land use within 1,640 ft (500 m) of the well head were not statistically correlated with the number of VOCs detected, although VOCs were detected more frequently in the floodplain aquifer than in the regional aquifer and the sewered subset. Depth to the top of the perforations was an explanatory factor for the number of VOCs detected in the Mojave River Basin; the detection frequency was greater for shallow wells than for deep wells. \r\n\r\nIn the Antelope Valley Basin, neither aquifer type, depth to the top of the perforations, nor land use within 1,640 ft of the well head were explanatory factors for the number of VOCs detected. Although aquifer type and depth to top of the perforations did explain the presence of tritium in the Mojave River Basin, land use within 1,640 ft of the well head was not a statistically significant explanatory factor for the presence of tritium in this basin. Aquifer type, depth to the top of the perfora","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20045248","usgsCitation":"Densmore, J., Belitz, K., Wright, M.T., Dawson, B.J., and Johnson, T.D., 2005, Evaluation of volatile organic compounds in two Mojave Desert basins-Mojave River and Antelope Valley-in San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and Kern Counties, California, June-October 2002 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5248, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045248.","productDescription":"51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6901,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Jill N. 0000-0002-5345-6613","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-6613","contributorId":89179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Jill N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Barbara J. 0000-0002-0209-8158 bjdawson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0209-8158","contributorId":1102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Barbara","email":"bjdawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Tyler D. 0000-0002-7334-9188 tyjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-9188","contributorId":1440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tyler","email":"tyjohns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70426,"text":"ofr20041329 - 2005 - Ground-water quality in the Chemung River Basin, New York, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T13:33:40","indexId":"ofr20041329","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1329","title":"Ground-water quality in the Chemung River Basin, New York, 2003","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 24 public-supply wells and 13 private residential wells during the summer of 2003 and analyzed to describe the chemical quality of ground water throughout the Chemung River basin, upgradient from Waverly, N.Y, on the Pennsylvania border. Wells were selected to represent areas of heaviest ground-water use and greatest vulnerability to contamination, and to obtain a geographical distribution across the 1,130 square-mile basin. Samples were analyzed for physical properties, inorganic constituents, nutrients, metals and radionuclides, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and bacteria.
The cations that were detected in the highest concentrations were calcium and sodium; the anions that were detected in the greatest concentrations were bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate. The predominant nutrient was nitrate. Nitrate concentrations in samples from wells finished in sand and gravel were greater than in those from wells finished in bedrock, except for one bedrock well, which had the highest nitrate concentration of any sample in this study. The most commonly detected metals were aluminum, barium, iron, manganese, and strontium. The range of tritium concentrations (0.6 to 12.5 tritium units) indicates that the water ages ranged from less than 10 years old to more than 50 years old. All but one of the 15 pesticides detected were herbicides; those detected most frequently were atrazine, deethylatrazine, and two degradation products of metolachlor (metachlor ESA and metachlor OA), which were the pesticides detected at the highest concentrations. Not every sample collected was analyzed for pesticides, and pesticides were detected only in wells finished in sand and gravel. Volatile organic compounds were detected in 15 samples, and the concentrations were at or near the analytical detection limits. Total coliform were detected in 12 samples; fecal coliform were detected in 7 samples; and Escherichia coli was detected in 6 samples. These bacteria were detected in water from bedrock as well as sand-and-gravel aquifers.
Federal and State water-quality standards were exceeded in several samples. Two samples exceeded the chloride U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level of 250 milligrams per liter. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Drinking Water Advisory for sodium (30 to 60 milligrams per liter) was exceeded in 11 samples. The upper limit of the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level range for aluminum (200 micrograms per liter) was exceeded in one sample. The Maximum Contaminant Level for barium (2,000 micrograms per liter) was exceeded in one sample. The Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for iron (300 micrograms per liter) was exceeded in 11 samples. The Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for manganese (50 micrograms per liter) was exceeded in 20 samples. The proposed Maximum Contaminant Level for radon (300 picocuries per liter) was exceeded in 34 samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041329","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Hetcher-Aguila, K.K., 2005, Ground-water quality in the Chemung River Basin, New York, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1329, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041329.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1329/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":323423,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1329/ofr20041329.pdf","text":"Report ","size":"2.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1329"}],"contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Antibiotics are used to maintain healthy livestock and to promote weight gain in concentrated animal feed operations. Antibiotics rarely are metabolized completely by livestock and, thus, are often present in livestock waste and in waste-treatment lagoons. The introduction of antibiotics into anaerobic lagoons commonly used for swine waste treatment has the potential for negative impacts on lagoon performance, which relies on a consortium of microbes ranging from fermentative microorganisms to methanogens. To address this concern, the effects of eight common veterinary antibiotics on anaerobic activity were studied. Anaerobic microcosms, prepared from freshly collected lagoon slurries, were amended with individual antibiotics at 10 mg/L for the initial screening study and at 1, 5, and 25 mg/L for the dose-response study. Monitored metabolic indicators included hydrogen, methane, and volatile fatty acid concentrations as well as chemical oxygen demand. The selected antibiotics significantly inhibited methane production relative to unamended controls, thus indicating that antibiotics at concentrations commonly found in swine lagoons can negatively impact anaerobic metabolism. Additionally, historical antibiotic usage seems to be a potential factor in affecting methane production. Specifically, less inhibition of methane production was noted in samples taken from the lagoon with a history of multiple-antibiotic use.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/04-093R.1","usgsCitation":"Loftin, K.A., Henny, C., Adams, C.D., Surampali, R., and Mormile, M.R., 2005, Inhibition of microbial metabolism in anaerobic lagoons by selected sulfonamides, tetracyclines, lincomycin, and tylosin tartrate: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 4, p. 782-788, https://doi.org/10.1897/04-093R.1.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"782","endPage":"788","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c1263fe4b014cc3a3d34c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Cynthia","contributorId":187686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henny","given":"Cynthia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Craig D.","contributorId":33586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Surampali, Rao","contributorId":187687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Surampali","given":"Rao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mormile, Melanie R.","contributorId":187688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mormile","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70290,"text":"ofr20041370 - 2005 - A geochemical investigation into the effect of coal rank on the potential environmental effects of CO2 sequestration in deep coal beds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"ofr20041370","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1370","title":"A geochemical investigation into the effect of coal rank on the potential environmental effects of CO2 sequestration in deep coal beds","docAbstract":"Coal samples of different rank were extracted in the laboratory with supercritical CO2 to evaluate the potential for mobilizing hydrocarbons during CO2 sequestration or enhanced coal bed methane recovery from deep coal beds. The concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons mobilized from the subbituminous C, high-volatile C bituminous, and anthracite coal samples were 41.2, 43.1, and 3.11 ?g g-1 dry coal, respectively. Substantial, but lower, concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were mobilized from these samples: 2.19, 10.1, and 1.44 ?g g-1 dry coal, respectively. The hydrocarbon distributions within the aliphatic and aromatic fractions obtained from each coal sample also varied with coal rank and reflected changes to the coal matrix associated with increasing degree of coalification. Bitumen present within the coal matrix may affect hydrocarbon partitioning between coal and supercritical CO2. The coal samples continued to yield hydrocarbons during consecutive extractions with supercritical CO2. The amount of hydrocarbons mobilized declined with each successive extraction, and the relative proportion of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons increased during successive extractions. These results demonstrate that the potential for mobilizing hydrocarbons from coal beds, and the effect of coal rank on this process, are important to consider when evaluating coal beds for CO2 storage.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041370","usgsCitation":"Kolak, J.J., and Burruss, R.A., 2005, A geochemical investigation into the effect of coal rank on the potential environmental effects of CO2 sequestration in deep coal beds (Version 1.0, Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1370, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041370.","productDescription":"18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6984,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1370/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0, Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolak, Jonathan J.","contributorId":59100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolak","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, Robert A. 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70119,"text":"sir20045120 - 2005 - Physical and chemical characteristics of Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons, and effects of recreational use on water quality, Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-04T09:04:56","indexId":"sir20045120","displayToPublicDate":"2005-02-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5120","title":"Physical and chemical characteristics of Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons, and effects of recreational use on water quality, Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah","docAbstract":"Side canyons of Lake Powell are the most popular recreation areas of the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area in Arizona and Utah. There are more than 90 side canyons that are tributaries to the main lake body of Lake Powell. Near Bullfrog and Halls Crossing marinas in Utah, visitors frequent Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons to fish, boat, camp, and hike the sandstone formations for which Lake Powell is famous. Areas of recreational activity are greatest near beaches in side canyons. Emissions from houseboats, personal watercraft, speedboats, and from some nonboating recreational activities introduce contaminants to the lake and to beach areas.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey documented concentrations of trace elements, volatile organic compounds, organic wastewater contaminants, and other byproducts of fuel-based contaminants in water and bed material in Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons during the summers of 2001 and 2002. Field work was conducted during four trips when recreational use was at a minimum (before Memorial Day in May) and when it was at a maximum (near Labor Day in September). Knowles Canyon was treated as a control; therefore, public access by motorcraft was not permitted during the study. Electric-powered or oar-powered research boats were used to collect samples and measure properties in Knowles Canyon. Record-low reservoir elevations during 2000-2002 limited the availability of camping and day-use beaches in Forgotten and Moqui Canyons. Although more beach areas were exposed during this period, the steep slopes of the beaches made it difficult to use the beaches for camping purposes.\r\n\r\nSide canyon waters of Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons were similarly stratified (physically and chemically) during the study from natural advective and convective reservoir processes. Metalimnetic oxygen minimas were observed in September 2001 and 2002 in the side canyons and the main body of Lake Powell. Chemical concentrations of several organic constituents were elevated in Forgotten and Moqui Canyons during the high-use period in September of 2001 and 2002 compared with concentrations during the low-use period in May of 2001 and 2002. Concentrations of some constituents decreased from the mouth of each canyon to the canyon's headwaters, indicating that there could be a mechanism for constituent removal or that the main body of Lake Powell is not in equilibrium with the headwaters of the side canyons. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX compounds), were highest in the upper reaches of Forgotten and Moqui Canyons where visitor use was greatest. Trace amounts of some organic wastewater compounds, including cholesterol, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), were measured in Forgotten and Moqui Canyons. Except for minor concentrations of some volatile organic compounds and cholesterol, contamination from visitor use in Knowles Canyon was not detected, most likely because the canyon was closed to access.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of some organic compounds in bed material sampled in the side canyons near popular beach areas, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons, were above the laboratory detection limits. Several other constituents were present in trace amounts. Benzyl n-butylphthalate and bis (2 ethyl)-phthalate were detected at concentrations above laboratory detection limits. Numerous trace elements were detected above laboratory detection limits in Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons.\r\n\r\nAll water samples from the side canyon transects had low colony counts of Escherichia coli (E. coli); the highest count was less than one-fourth of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended limit for recreational water. Four water samples collected near beaches in Moqui Canyon had E. coli colony counts that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended limit.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045120","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.J., Taylor, H.E., Antweiler, R.C., Fisk, G.G., Anderson, G., Roth, D., Flynn, M., Peart, D., Truini, M., and Barber, L.B., 2005, Physical and chemical characteristics of Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons, and effects of recreational use on water quality, Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5120, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045120.","productDescription":"116 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6831,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5120/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Lake Powell","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.654052734375,\n 36.94330661415311\n ],\n [\n -111.060791015625,\n 36.94330661415311\n ],\n [\n -111.060791015625,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -111.654052734375,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -111.654052734375,\n 36.94330661415311\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Robert J. bhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Robert","email":"bhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisk, Greg G.","contributorId":50783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisk","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, G.M.","contributorId":106373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roth, D.A.","contributorId":100864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Peart, D.B.","contributorId":45304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peart","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70198852,"text":"70198852 - 2005 - Ground water to surface water: Chemistry of thermal outflows in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:55:10","indexId":"70198852","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T18:51:38","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ground water to surface water: Chemistry of thermal outflows in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"Geothermal waters in the earth’s subsurface boil with steam separation and may mix with dilute ground waters (that may or may not contain sulfuric acid from sulfur oxidation), resulting in a wide range of compositions when they discharge and emerge at the surface. As they discharge onto the ground surface they undergo evaporative cooling, degassing, oxidation, and mineral precipitation. Within this aquatic environment of rapidly changing physical and chemical parameters, numerous microbial communities develop—some of which affect oxidation and mineral precipitation. Microbes are responsible for rapid oxidation of iron and arsenic in thermal outflows, and for catalyzing the production of sulfuric acid from the oxidation of elemental sulfur. The attractive visual display of colors observed in Yellowstone’s geothermal waters reflects this interplay of physical, chemical, and biological phenomena.
Oxidation of dissolved sulfide to thiosulfate occurs abiotically, and thiosulfate can be found in many of Yellowstone’s thermal waters—at any pH, temperature, and composition. Polythionates, on the other hand, are rarely found in Yellowstone waters but are associated with sulfur hydrolysis in Cinder Pool. Oxidation rates of iron and arsenic in overflows have been estimated at 1-3 mM/h and 0.04-0.1 mM/h, respectively—orders of magnitude faster than the abiotic rate. The abiotic production of thiosulfate from oxidation of dissolved sulfi de at Angel Terrace and Ojo Caliente is about 3-30 µM/min, faster by 2-3 orders of magnitude than the laboratory rate at 25°C. The partitioning of dissolved sulfide between that volatilized to the air and that oxidized to thiosulfate has been estimated at Angel Terrace and at Ojo Caliente. For the pH range of 6-8 and the temperature range of 50-93°C, 67-86% of the dissolved sulfide is lost to the atmosphere and 10-33% is oxidized to thiosulfate. Only a very small percentage, if any, forms elemental sulfur under these conditions.
To investigate the trace element contents of local coal, four coal samples were collected from operating mines in NW Taiwan. Detailed petrographic and chemical characterization analyses were then conducted. Analytical results indicate that (1) the samples were high volatile bituminous coal in rank with ash content ranging from 4.2 to 14.4% and with moisture content ranging from 2.7 to 4.6%; (2) the macerals were mostly composed of vitrinite with vitrinite reflectance less than 0.8%; (3) the sample of Wukeng mine has the highest Fe2O3 (29.5%), Tl (54.8 ppm), Zn (140 ppm), and As (697 ppm) contents in ash and Hg (2.3 ppm) in the coal. If used properly, these coals should not present health hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Chinese Geoscience Center","doi":"10.3319/TAO.2005.16.3.641(T)","usgsCitation":"Tsai, L., Chen, C., and Finkelman, R., 2005, Composition and trace element content of coal in Taiwan: Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, v. 16, no. 3, p. 641-651, https://doi.org/10.3319/TAO.2005.16.3.641(T).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"641","endPage":"651","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2005.16.3.641(t)","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Taiwan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[121.77782,24.39427],[121.17563,22.79086],[120.74708,21.97057],[120.22008,22.81486],[120.10619,23.55626],[120.69468,24.53845],[121.49504,25.29546],[121.95124,24.9976],[121.77782,24.39427]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Taiwan\"}}]}","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f922e4b0c8380cd4d45d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsai, L.-Y.","contributorId":87754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"L.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, C.-F.","contributorId":51983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkelman, Robert B.","contributorId":38138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finkelman","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195415,"text":"70195415 - 2005 - Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of mined coals, western Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-13T17:26:51","indexId":"70195415","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of mined coals, western Venezuela","docAbstract":"Upper Paleocene to middle Miocene coal samples collected from active mines in the western Venezuelan States of Táchira, Mérida and Zulia have been characterized through an integrated geochemical, mineralogical and petrographic investigation. Proximate, ultimate, calorific and forms of sulfur values, major and trace element, vitrinite reflectance, maceral concentrations and mineral matter content have been determined for 16 channel samples from 14 mines. Ash yield generally is low, ranging from < 1 to 17 wt.% (mean = 5 wt.%) on a dry basis (db). Total sulfur content is low to moderate, ranging from 1 to 6 wt.%, db (average = 1.7 wt.%). Calorific value ranges from 25.21 to 37.21 MJ/kg (10,840–16,000 Btu/lb) on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis (average = 33.25 MJ/kg, 14,300 Btu/lb), placing most of the coal samples in the apparent rank classification of high-volatile bituminous. Most of the coal samples exhibit favorable characteristics on the various indices developed to predict combustion and coking behavior and concentrations of possible environmentally sensitive elements (As, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Th and U) generally are similar to the concentrations of these elements in most coals of the world, with one or two exceptions. Concentrations of the liptinite maceral group range from < 1% to 70 vol.%. Five samples contain > 20 vol.% liptinite, dominated by the macerals bituminite and sporinite. Collotelinite dominates the vitrinite group; telinite was observed in quantities of ≤ 1 vol.% despite efforts to better quantify this maceral by etching the sample pellets in potassium permanganate and also by exposure in an oxygen plasma chamber. Inertinite group macerals typically represent < 10 vol.% of the coal samples and the highest concentrations of inertinite macerals are found in distantly spaced (> 400 km) upper Paleocene coal samples from opposite sides of Lago de Maracaibo, possibly indicating tectonic controls on subsidence related to construction of the Andean orogen. Values of maximum reflectance of vitrinite in oil (Ro max) range between 0.42% and 0.85% and generally are consistent with the high-volatile bituminous rank classification obtained through ASTM methods. X-ray diffraction analyses of low-temperature ash residues indicate that kaolinite, quartz, illite and pyrite dominate the inorganic fraction of most samples; plagioclase, potassium feldspar, calcite, siderite, ankerite, marcasite, rutile, anatase and apatite are present in minor or trace concentrations. Semiquantitative values of volume percent pyrite content show a strong correlation with pyritic sulfur and some sulfide-hosted trace element concentrations (As and Hg). This work provides a modern quality dataset for the western Venezuela coal deposits currently being exploited and will serve as the foundation for an ongoing coal quality research program in Venezuela.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.006","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., Warwick, P.D., and Gonzalez, E., 2005, Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of mined coals, western Venezuela: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 63, no. 1-2, p. 68-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.006.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"97","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Venezuela","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-71.33158,11.77628],[-71.36001,11.53999],[-71.94705,11.42328],[-71.62087,10.96946],[-71.63306,10.44649],[-72.07417,9.86565],[-71.69564,9.07226],[-71.26456,9.13719],[-71.04,9.85999],[-71.35008,10.21194],[-71.40062,10.96897],[-70.1553,11.37548],[-70.29384,11.84682],[-69.94324,12.16231],[-69.5843,11.45961],[-68.883,11.44338],[-68.23327,10.88574],[-68.19413,10.55465],[-67.29625,10.54587],[-66.22786,10.64863],[-65.65524,10.2008],[-64.89045,10.07721],[-64.32948,10.3896],[-64.31801,10.64142],[-63.07932,10.70172],[-61.88095,10.71563],[-62.73012,10.42027],[-62.38851,9.9482],[-61.58877,9.87307],[-60.8306,9.38134],[-60.67125,8.58017],[-60.1501,8.60276],[-59.75828,8.36703],[-60.55059,7.7796],[-60.63797,7.415],[-60.29567,7.04391],[-60.544,6.85658],[-61.15934,6.69608],[-61.13942,6.2343],[-61.4103,5.95907],[-60.73357,5.20028],[-60.60118,4.9181],[-60.96689,4.53647],[-62.08543,4.16212],[-62.80453,4.00697],[-63.0932,3.77057],[-63.88834,4.02053],[-64.62866,4.14848],[-64.81606,4.05645],[-64.36849,3.79721],[-64.40883,3.12679],[-64.27,2.49701],[-63.42287,2.41107],[-63.36879,2.2009],[-64.08309,1.91637],[-64.19931,1.49285],[-64.61101,1.32873],[-65.35471,1.09528],[-65.54827,0.78925],[-66.32577,0.72445],[-66.87633,1.25336],[-67.18129,2.25064],[-67.44709,2.60028],[-67.80994,2.82066],[-67.30317,3.31845],[-67.33756,3.54234],[-67.62184,3.83948],[-67.82301,4.50394],[-67.7447,5.22113],[-67.52153,5.55687],[-67.34144,6.09547],[-67.69509,6.26732],[-68.26505,6.15327],[-68.98532,6.2068],[-69.38948,6.09986],[-70.09331,6.96038],[-70.67423,7.08778],[-71.96018,6.99161],[-72.19835,7.34043],[-72.44449,7.42378],[-72.47968,7.63251],[-72.3609,8.00264],[-72.43986,8.40528],[-72.66049,8.62529],[-72.78873,9.08503],[-73.30495,9.152],[-73.0276,9.73677],[-72.90529,10.45034],[-72.61466,10.82198],[-72.22758,11.1087],[-71.97392,11.60867],[-71.33158,11.77628]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Venezuela\"}}]}","volume":"63","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0451e4b0da30c1bfcd08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonzalez, Eligio","contributorId":68161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Eligio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029676,"text":"70029676 - 2005 - Outflow channel sources, reactivation, and chaos formation, Xanthe Terra, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70029676","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Outflow channel sources, reactivation, and chaos formation, Xanthe Terra, Mars","docAbstract":"The undulating, warped, and densely fractured surfaces of highland regions east of Valles Marineris (located north of the eastern Aureum Chaos, east of the Hydraotes Chaos, and south of the Hydaspis Chaos) resulted from extensional surface warping related to ground subsidence, caused when pressurized water confined in subterranean caverns was released to the surface. Water emanations formed crater lakes and resulted in channeling episodes involved in the excavation of Ares, Tiu, and Simud Valles of the eastern part of the circum-Chryse outflow channel system. Progressive surface subsidence and associated reduction of the subsurface cavernous volume, and/or episodes of magmatic-driven activity, led to increases of the hydrostatic pressure, resulting in reactivation of both catastrophic and non-catastrophic outflow activity. Ancient cratered highland and basin materials that underwent large-scale subsidence grade into densely fractured terrains. Collapse of rock materials in these regions resulted in the formation of chaotic terrains, which occur in and near the headwaters of the eastern circum-Chryse outflow channels. The deepest chaotic terrain in the Hydaspis Chaos region resulted from the collapse of pre-existing outflow channel floors. The release of volatiles and related collapse may have included water emanations not necessarily linked to catastrophic outflow. Basal warming related to dike intrusions, thermokarst activity involving wet sediments and/or dissected ice-enriched country rock, permafrost exposed to the atmosphere by extensional tectonism and channel incision, and/or the injection of water into porous floor material, may have enhanced outflow channel floor instability and subsequent collapse. In addition to the possible genetic linkage to outflow channel development dating back to at least the Late Noachian, clear disruption of impact craters with pristine ejecta blankets and rims, as well as preservation of fine tectonic fabrics, suggest that plateau subsidence and chaos formation may have continued well into the Amazonian Period. The geologic and paleohydrologic histories presented here have important implications, as new mechanisms for outflow channel formation and other fluvial activity are described, and new reactivation mechanisms are proposed for the origin of chaotic terrain as contributors to flooding. Detailed geomorphic analysis indicates that subterranean caverns may have been exposed during chaos formation, and thus chaotic terrains mark prime locations for future geologic, hydrologic, and possible astrobiologic exploration. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.025","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J., Sasaki, S., Kuzmin, R., Dohm, J.M., Tanaka, K.L., Miyamoto, H., Kurita, K., Komatsu, G., Fairen, A., and Ferris, J., 2005, Outflow channel sources, reactivation, and chaos formation, Xanthe Terra, Mars: Icarus, v. 175, no. 1, p. 36-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.025.","startPage":"36","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212942,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.025"},{"id":240511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"175","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71bbe4b0c8380cd76728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, J.A.P.","contributorId":55948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"J.A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasaki, S.","contributorId":78534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasaki","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuzmin, R.O.","contributorId":14932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miyamoto, H.","contributorId":56831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyamoto","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kurita, K.","contributorId":31583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurita","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Komatsu, G.","contributorId":35913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komatsu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fairen, A.G.","contributorId":25335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairen","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ferris, J.C.","contributorId":13731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70027905,"text":"70027905 - 2005 - Impact of geochemical stressors on shallow groundwater quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027905","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of geochemical stressors on shallow groundwater quality","docAbstract":"Groundwater monitoring wells (about 70 wells) were extensively installed in 28 sites surrounding Lake Texoma, located on the border of Oklahoma and Texas, to assess the impact of geochemical stressors to shallow groundwater quality. The monitoring wells were classified into three groups (residential area, agricultural area, and oil field area) depending on their land uses. During a 2-year period from 1999 to 2001 the monitoring wells were sampled every 3 months on a seasonal basis. Water quality assay consisted of 25 parameters including field parameters, nutrients, major ions, and trace elements. Occurrence and level of inorganics in groundwater samples were related to the land use and temporal change. Groundwater of the agricultural area showed lower levels of ferrous iron and nitrate than the residential area. The summer season data revealed more distinct differences in inorganic profiles of the two land use groundwater samples. There is a possible trend that nitrate concentrations in groundwater increased as the proportions of cultivated area increased. Water-soluble ferrous iron occurred primarily in water samples with a low dissolved oxygen concentration and/or a negative redox potential. The presence of brine waste in shallow groundwater was detected by chloride and conductivity in oil field area. Dissolved trace metals and volatile organic carbons were not in a form of concentration to be stressors. This study showed that the quality of shallow ground water could be related to regional geochemical stressors surrounding the lake. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.072","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"An, Y., Kampbell, D., Jeong, S., Jewell, K., and Masoner, J., 2005, Impact of geochemical stressors on shallow groundwater quality: Science of the Total Environment, v. 348, no. 1-3, p. 257-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.072.","startPage":"257","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211034,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.072"},{"id":238183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"348","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38bde4b0c8380cd6168d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"An, Y.-J.","contributorId":31184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"An","given":"Y.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kampbell, D.H.","contributorId":58823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kampbell","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeong, S.-W.","contributorId":58833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeong","given":"S.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jewell, K.P.","contributorId":65648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewell","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Masoner, J.R.","contributorId":15690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029546,"text":"70029546 - 2005 - Mercury in Eastern Kentucky coals: Geologic aspects and possible reduction strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70029546","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in Eastern Kentucky coals: Geologic aspects and possible reduction strategies","docAbstract":"Mercury emissions from US coal-fired power plants will be regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) before the end of the decade. Because of this, the control of Hg in coal is important. Control is fundamentally based on the knowledge of the amounts of Hg in mined, beneficiated, and as-fired coal. Eastern Kentucky coals, on a reserve district level, have Hg contents similar to the USA average for coal at mines. Individual coals show greater variation at the bench scale, with Hg enrichment common in the top bench, often associated with enhanced levels of pyritic sulfur. Some of the variation between parts of eastern Kentucky is also based on the position relative to major faults. The Pine Mountain thrust fault appears to be responsible for elemental enrichment, including Hg, in coals on the footwall side of the thrust. Eastern Kentucky coals shipped to power plants in 1999, the year the USEPA requested coal quality information on coal deliveries, indicate that coals shipped from the region have 0.09 ppm Hg, compared to 0.10 ppm for all delivered coals in the USA. On an equal energy basis, and given equal concentrations of Hg, the high volatile bituminous coals from eastern Kentucky would emit less Hg than lower rank coals from other USA regions. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.008","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Hower, J., Eble, C., and Quick, J., 2005, Mercury in Eastern Kentucky coals: Geologic aspects and possible reduction strategies: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 62, no. 4, p. 223-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.008.","startPage":"223","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210874,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.008"},{"id":237928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5406e4b0c8380cd6ce70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quick, J.C.","contributorId":80848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027631,"text":"70027631 - 2005 - Volcán Popocatépetl, Mexico. Petrology, magma mixing, and immediate sources of volatiles for the 1994- Present eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T15:07:26","indexId":"70027631","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcán Popocatépetl, Mexico. Petrology, magma mixing, and immediate sources of volatiles for the 1994- Present eruption","docAbstract":"Volcán Popocatépetl has been the site of voluminous degassing accompanied by minor eruptive activity from late 1994 until the time of writing (August 2002). This contribution presents petrological investigations of magma erupted in 1997 and 1998, including major-element and volatile (S, Cl, F, and H2O) data from glass inclusions and matrix glasses. Magma erupted from Popocatépetl is a mixture of dacite (65 wt % SiO2, two-pyroxenes + plagioclase + Fe–Ti oxides + apatite, ∼3 wt % H2O, P = 1·5 kbar, fO2 = ΔNNO + 0·5 log units) and basaltic andesite (53 wt % SiO2, olivine + two-pyroxenes, ∼3 wt % H2O, P = 1–4 kbar). Magma mixed at 4–6 km depth in proportions between 45:55 and 85:15 wt % silicic:mafic magma. The pre-eruptive volatile content of the basaltic andesite is 1980 ppm S, 1060 ppm Cl, 950 ppm F, and 3·3 wt % H2O. The pre-eruptive volatile content of the dacite is 130 ± 50 ppm S, 880 ± 70 ppm Cl, 570 ± 100 ppm F, and 2·9 ± 0·2 wt % H2O. Degassing from 0·031 km3 of erupted magma accounts for only 0·7 wt % of the observed SO2 emission. Circulation of magma in the volcanic conduit in the presence of a modest bubble phase is a possible mechanism to explain the high rates of degassing and limited magma production at Popocatépetl.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egi058","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Witter, J., Kress, V., and Newhall, C.G., 2005, Volcán Popocatépetl, Mexico. Petrology, magma mixing, and immediate sources of volatiles for the 1994- Present eruption: Journal of Petrology, v. 46, no. 11, p. 2337-2366, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egi058.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"2337","endPage":"2366","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477961,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egi058","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211169,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egi058"}],"volume":"46","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2d1e4b08c986b32ada9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witter, J.B.","contributorId":29610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kress, V.C.","contributorId":53157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newhall, C. G.","contributorId":93056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027651,"text":"70027651 - 2005 - Thermal observations of gas pistoning at Kilauea Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T10:00:37","indexId":"70027651","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal observations of gas pistoning at Kilauea Volcano","docAbstract":"Data acquired by three continuously recording thermal infrared thermometers situated on the north rim of Pu'u'O' o Crater at Kilauea Volcano during 2002 revealed episodes of periodic thermal pulses originating from a degassing vent on the crater floor. These thermal pulses are interpreted as gas release (jetting events) associated with gas pistoning, a mechanism observed previously at both Mauna Ulu and Pu'u'O' o. During a 35-day-long period spanning June and July 2002, gas pistoning was frequently the dominant mode of gas release, with as many as several hundred pulses occurring in uninterrupted series. On other days, degassing alternated between periods of quasi-continuous gas jetting and intervals of gas pistoning that contained a few to a few dozen pulses. Characteristic time intervals between pistoning events ranged from 2 up to 7 min. We identify three types of pistoning. Type 1 involves emission of lava, followed by gas jetting and drain back; type 2 is the same but the elevated position of the vent does not allow postjet drain back; and type 3 involves gas jetting only with no precursory lava flow. To explain gas pistoning, we apply a model whereby a stagnant cap of degassed magma develops in the conduit below the vent. Gas bubbles rise through the magma column and collect under the cap. The collective buoyancy of these bubbles pushes the cap upward. When the cap reaches the surface, it erupts from the vent as a lava flow. Unloading of the conduit magma in this way results in an abrupt pressure drop (i.e., the overburden felt by the bubbles is reduced), causing explosive gas expansion in the form of gas jetting from the vent. This terminates the event and lava drains back into the conduit to start the cycle anew. In the case where there is no surface lava emission or drain back, the cap instead pushes into and spreads out within a subsurface cavity. Again, this unloads the conduit magma and terminates in explosive gas release. Once gas is expelled, lava in the cavity is free to drain back. We hypothesize that pistoning is a stable mode of degassing for low-viscosity basaltic magmas with appropriate conduit geometries and volatile supply rates. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003944","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J., Harris, A., and Hoblitt, R., 2005, Thermal observations of gas pistoning at Kilauea Volcano: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 11, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003944.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211000,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003944"},{"id":238134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.33432006835938,\n 19.264479800497103\n ],\n [\n -155.10223388671875,\n 19.264479800497103\n ],\n [\n -155.10223388671875,\n 19.46141299683288\n ],\n [\n -155.33432006835938,\n 19.46141299683288\n ],\n [\n -155.33432006835938,\n 19.264479800497103\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb24fe4b08c986b3256fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J.B.","contributorId":35107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, A.J.L.","contributorId":82878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A.J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":89536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027970,"text":"70027970 - 2005 - Fire effects on soil organic matter content, composition, and nutrients in boreal interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70027970","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fire effects on soil organic matter content, composition, and nutrients in boreal interior Alaska","docAbstract":"Boreal ecosystems contain a substantial fraction of the earth's soil carbon stores and are prone to frequent and severe wildfires. In this study, we examine changes in element and organic matter stocks due to a 1999 wildfire in Alaska. One year after the wildfire, burned soils contained between 1071 and 1420 g/m2 less carbon than unburned soils. Burned soils had lower nitrogen than unburned soils, higher calcium, and nearly unchanged potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus stocks. Burned surface soils tended to have higher concentrations of noncombustible elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus compared with unburned soils. Combustion losses of carbon were mostly limited to surface dead moss and fibric horizons, with no change in the underlying mineral horizons. Burning caused significant changes in soil organic matter structure, with a 12% higher ratio of carbon to combustible organic matter in surface burned horizons compared with unburned horizons. Pyrolysis gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy also shows preferential volatilization of polysaccharide-derived organic matter and enrichment of lignin-and lipid-derived compounds in surface soils. The chemistry of deeper soil layers in burned and unburned sites was similar, suggesting that immediate fire impacts were restricted to the surface soil horizon. ?? 2005 NRC.","largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1139/x05-154","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Neff, J.C., Harden, J., and Gleixner, G., 2005, Fire effects on soil organic matter content, composition, and nutrients in boreal interior Alaska, in Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 35, no. 9, p. 2178-2187, https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-154.","startPage":"2178","endPage":"2187","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210033,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-154"},{"id":236831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a103ee4b0c8380cd53bb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gleixner, G.","contributorId":106678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleixner","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029499,"text":"70029499 - 2005 - Inorganic chemistry, petrography and palaeobotany of Permian coals in the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029499","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inorganic chemistry, petrography and palaeobotany of Permian coals in the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica","docAbstract":"Sampled outcrops of Permian coal seams of the Bainmedart Coal Measures in the Lambert Graben, eastern Antarctica, have been analysed for their proximates, ultimates, ash constituents and trace elements. A similar series of samples has been analysed for their principle maceral and microlithotype components and vitrinite reflectance. The coals are sub-bituminous to high volatile bituminous in rank; maturity increases markedly in southern exposures around Radok Lake where the oldest part of the succession is exposed and some strata have been intruded by mafic dykes and ultramafic sills. The coal ash is mostly silica and aluminium oxides, indicating that the mineral ash component is mostly quartz and various clay minerals. The ratio of silica to aluminium oxides appears to increase in an upward stratigraphic direction. The coal macerals include a relatively high liptinite content (mainly sporinite) that is significantly higher than for typical Gondwana coals. Greater degrees of weathering within the floodbasin/peat mire environments associated with climatic drying towards the end of the Permian might account for both preferential sporopollenin preservation and increased silica:aluminium oxide ratios up-section. Correlation of the coal maceral components to adjacent peninsula India coals indicates the closest comparative coals of similar age and rank occur within the Godavari Basin, rather then the Mahanadi Basin, which is traditionally interpreted to have been contiguous with the Lambert Graben before Gondwanan breakup. The petrological characteristics suggest that either previous interpretations of Palaeozoic basin alignments between Antarctica and India are incorrect, or that environmental settings and post-Permian burial histories of these basins were strongly independent of their tectonic juxtaposition. A permineralized peat bed within the succession reveals that the coals predominantly comprise wood- and leaf-rich debris derived from low-diversity forest-mire communities dominated by glossopterid and noeggerathiopsid gymnosperms. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.011","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Holdgate, G., McLoughlin, S., Drinnan, A., Finkelman, R.B., Willett, J., and Chiehowsky, L., 2005, Inorganic chemistry, petrography and palaeobotany of Permian coals in the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 63, no. 1-2 SPEC. ISS., p. 156-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.011.","startPage":"156","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210733,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.02.011"},{"id":237748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1-2 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c09e4b0c8380cd62a01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holdgate, G.R.","contributorId":40794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holdgate","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLoughlin, S.","contributorId":37947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLoughlin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drinnan, A.N.","contributorId":52390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drinnan","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willett, J.C.","contributorId":41858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willett","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chiehowsky, L.A.","contributorId":104278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiehowsky","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029636,"text":"70029636 - 2005 - Sediment quality and quantity issues related to the restoration of backwater lakes along the Illinois River waterway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T12:52:14","indexId":"70029636","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment quality and quantity issues related to the restoration of backwater lakes along the Illinois River waterway","docAbstract":"Sedimentation has severely impacted backwater lakes along the Illinois River. The State of Illinois and the US Army Corps of Engineers are currently involved in a joint effort to address ecosystem degradation within the Illinois River Basin, and excessive sedimentation of backwater lakes and side channels is a primary cause of that degradation. Necessary parts of the overall restoration effort are to adequately characterize both the quality and quantity of backwater lake sediments prior to implementing any restoration efforts, and to identify potential beneficial reuses of dredged sediments. This paper summarizes some of our efforts in these areas with an emphasis on Peoria Lake which has received the most attention to date. Sediment characterization has included detailed bathymetric surveys, sediment dating with 137 Cs, chemical and mineralogical characterization of sediments to three meters depth, analysis of recent sediments (to 30 cm depth) for acid-volatile sulfide and simultaneously extracted metals, and analysis of ammonia and toxic metals in sediment pore waters. Dredged sediments have also been used in various trial projects to demonstrate potential handling and beneficial reuse strategies. Some significant findings of these studies are: 1) Long-term sedimentation rates are high, and average 1–3 cm y −1 ; 2) total concentrations of several trace metals (e.g., Pb, Cd, Ni) and PAH compounds sometimes exceed consensus-based probable effect levels for sensitive sediment-dwelling organisms; 3) pore water dissolved ammonia concentrations in Peoria Lake are potentially toxic to sensitive sediment-dwelling species; and 4) weathered sediments can make productive agricultural soils.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980590914881","issn":"14634988","usgsCitation":"Machesky, M., Slowikowski, J., Cahill, R., Bogner, W., Marlin, J., Holm, T., and Darmody, R., 2005, Sediment quality and quantity issues related to the restoration of backwater lakes along the Illinois River waterway: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 8, no. 1, p. 33-40, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980590914881.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River ","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89aae4b08c986b316e5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machesky, M.L.","contributorId":61247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machesky","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slowikowski, J.A.","contributorId":35952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slowikowski","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahill, R.A.","contributorId":66393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bogner, W.C.","contributorId":39587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogner","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marlin, J.C.","contributorId":9847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlin","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holm, T.R.","contributorId":98543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Darmody, R.G.","contributorId":25313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darmody","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028215,"text":"70028215 - 2005 - The 2003 phreatomagmatic eruptions of Anatahan volcano - Textural and petrologic features of deposits at an emergent island volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T08:41:53","indexId":"70028215","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2003 phreatomagmatic eruptions of Anatahan volcano - Textural and petrologic features of deposits at an emergent island volcano","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic and field data are used in conjunction with textural and chemical evidence (including data from scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and instrumental neutron activation analysis) to establish that the 2003 eruption of Anatahan volcano was mainly phreatomagmatic, dominated by explosive interaction of homogeneous composition low-viscosity crystal-poor andesite magma with water. The hydromagmatic mode of eruption contributed to the significant height of initial eruptive columns and to the excavation and eruption of altered rock debris from the sub-volcanic hydrothermal system. Volatile contents of glass inclusions in equilibrium phenocrysts less abundances of these constituents in matrix glass times the estimated mass of juvenile magma indicate minimum emissions of 19 kt SO2 and 13 kt Cl. This petrologic estimate of SO2 emission is an order-of-magnitude less than an estimate from TOMS. Similarly, inferred magma volumes from the petrologic data are an order of magnitude greater than those modeled from deformation data. Both discrepancies indicate additional sources of volatiles, likely derived from a separate fluid phase in the magma. The paucity of near-source volcanic-tectonic earthquakes preceding the eruption, and the dominance of sustained long-period tremor are attributed to the ease of ascent of the hot low-viscosity andesite, followed by a shallow phreatomagmatic mode of eruption. Phreatomagmatic eruptions are probably more common at emergent tropical island volcanoes, where shallow fresh-water lenses occur at near-sea-level vents. These relations suggest that phreatomagmatic explosions contributed to the formation of many of the near-sea-level craters and possibly even to the small calderas at the other Mariana islands.","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.036","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J., Trusdell, F., Brownfield, I.K., Siems, D.F., Budahn, J., and Sutley, S., 2005, The 2003 phreatomagmatic eruptions of Anatahan volcano - Textural and petrologic features of deposits at an emergent island volcano: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 146, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 208-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.036.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"208","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Northern Mariana Islands","otherGeospatial":"Anatahan volcano ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 145.6292724609375,\n 16.325411207783855\n ],\n [\n 145.73638916015622,\n 16.325411207783855\n ],\n [\n 145.73638916015622,\n 16.374168198186904\n ],\n [\n 145.6292724609375,\n 16.374168198186904\n ],\n [\n 145.6292724609375,\n 16.325411207783855\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"146","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba646e4b08c986b320ff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownfield, I. K.","contributorId":77915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sutley, S.F.","contributorId":79282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031714,"text":"70031714 - 2005 - Contemporaneous trachyandesitic and calc-alkaline volcanism of the Huerto Andesite, San Juan Volcanic Field, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T19:39:32.254865","indexId":"70031714","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contemporaneous trachyandesitic and calc-alkaline volcanism of the Huerto Andesite, San Juan Volcanic Field, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Locally, voluminous andesitic volcanism both preceded and followed large eruptions of silicic ash-flow tuff from many calderas in the San Juan volcanic field. The most voluminous post-collapse lava suite of the central San Juan caldera cluster is the 28 Ma Huerto Andesite, a diverse assemblage erupted from at least 5–6 volcanic centres that were active around the southern margins of the La Garita caldera shortly after eruption of the Fish Canyon Tuff. These andesitic centres are inferred, in part, to represent eruptions of magma that ponded and differentiated within the crust below the La Garita caldera, thereby providing the thermal energy necessary for rejuvenation and remobilization of the Fish Canyon magma body. The multiple Huerto eruptive centres produced two magmatic series that differ in phenocryst mineralogy (hydrous vs anhydrous assemblages), whole-rock major and trace element chemistry and isotopic compositions. Hornblende-bearing lavas from three volcanic centres located close to the southeastern margin of the La Garita caldera (Eagle Mountain–Fourmile Creek, West Fork of the San Juan River, Table Mountain) define a high-K calc-alkaline series (57–65 wt % SiO2) that is oxidized, hydrous and sulphur rich. Trachyandesitic lavas from widely separated centres at Baldy Mountain–Red Lake (western margin), Sugarloaf Mountain (southern margin) and Ribbon Mesa (20 km east of the La Garita caldera) are mutually indistinguishable (55–61 wt % SiO2); they are characterized by higher and more variable concentrations of alkalis and many incompatible trace elements (e.g. Zr, Nb, heavy rare earth elements), and they contain anhydrous phenocryst assemblages (including olivine). These mildly alkaline magmas were less water rich and oxidized than the hornblende-bearing calc-alkaline suite. The same distinctions characterize the voluminous precaldera andesitic lavas of the Conejos Formation, indicating that these contrasting suites are long-term manifestations of San Juan volcanism. The favoured model for their origin involves contrasting ascent paths and differentiation histories through crustal columns with different thermal and density gradients. Magmas ascending into the main focus of the La Garita caldera were impeded, and they evolved at greater depths, retaining more of their primary volatile load. This model is supported by systematic differences in isotopic compositions suggestive of crust–magma interactions with contrasting lithologies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egi003","usgsCitation":"Parat, F., Dungan, M., and Lipman, P.W., 2005, Contemporaneous trachyandesitic and calc-alkaline volcanism of the Huerto Andesite, San Juan Volcanic Field, Colorado, USA: Journal of Petrology, v. 46, no. 5, p. 859-891, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egi003.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"891","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egi003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.81749343872069,\n 37.87647939392142\n ],\n [\n -106.72033309936523,\n 37.87647939392142\n ],\n [\n -106.72033309936523,\n 37.9202324180525\n ],\n [\n -106.81749343872069,\n 37.9202324180525\n ],\n [\n -106.81749343872069,\n 37.87647939392142\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa4be4b0c8380cd4da15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parat, F.","contributorId":72203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parat","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dungan, M.A.","contributorId":36304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dungan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}