This report contains hydrologic data collected in Pahvant Valley and adjacent areas from 1909 to 1987. The report area is mainly comprised of Pahvant Valley on the east and the southern part of the Sevier Desert on the west (plate 1). The area is in west-central Utah, within the Basin and Range physiographic province, and includes about 1,600 square miles.
Most of the data in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, from 1985 to 1987. Some of the earlier data were previously published by Enright and Holmes (1982), Meinzer (1911), Mower (1963 and 1967), and Mundorff (1970).
The purpose of this report is to provide hydrologic data for use by the general public and by officials managing the area's water resources, and to supplement interpretive reports for the area. Tables 1 to 6 contain information about wells including well completions, drillers' logs, water levels, flowing-well discharges, and chemical quality. Spring and surfacewater site data are listed in tables 7 to 9. Hydrologic-data sites are shown on plate 1.
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In 1985, groundwater provided 24% of the total water withdrawn, and supplied about 40% of the State 's population. Public supply and self-supplied domestic use accounted for about 12% of the groundwater withdrawn, and self-supplied industrial and mining use was about 3%. The major issues related to groundwater in Nevada are: groundwater availability; natural and artificial groundwater recharge; underground storage of hazardous wastes; organic and inorganic trace constituents in groundwater; and geothermal groundwater systems. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is actively conducting 30 hydrologic investigations in Nevada, of which 18 are related to groundwater quantity and quality. Three examples of ongoing groundwater studies by the USGS that are designed to address specific groundwater issues in Nevada are discussed: carbonate-rock aquifers in eastern and southern Nevada; groundwater quality in the Carson River basin, Nevada-California; and groundwater in Honey Lake Valley, Nevada-California. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88119","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., and Van Denburgh, A.S., 1988, U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-119, 2 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88119.","productDescription":"2 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0119/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41753,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0119/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612817","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":167626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Denburgh, A. S.","contributorId":23928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Denburgh","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194876,"text":"70194876 - 1988 - The Blake Plateau Basin and Carolina Trough","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T10:06:53","indexId":"70194876","displayToPublicDate":"1988-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Blake Plateau Basin and Carolina Trough","docAbstract":"Presently, the continental margin of the southeastern United States (Fig. 1) forms a zone of transition between the actively building, steep-fronted carbonate platform of the Bahamas and the typical eastern North American terrigenous clastic-dominated, drowned, shelf-slope-rise configuration. This region of the continental margin is underlain by two major sedimentary basins—the Blake Plateau Basin and the Carolina Trough (Fig. 2)—which are different in shape, basement structure, and history. Indeed, the two southern basins show some of the greatest contrasts of any basins of eastern North America, especially in their early response to rifting and in the change from rifting to drifting. The region has experienced abrupt major changes in geological conditions, most notably the onset of Gulf Stream flow in the early Tertiary.
Morphologically, the area is dominated by the broad, flat Blake Plateau at about 800-1,000 m water depth (Fig. 1). The plateau is bounded to the east by the extremely steep Blake Escarpment, descending to 5,000 m water depths. To the west, a short continental slope rises to a continental shelf. This Blake Plateau morphology characterizes the margin east of Florida and north of the Bahamas. North of Florida the margin merges into the typical shelf-slope-rise morphology. Just north of the Blake Escarpment and its northern projection, the Blake Spur, the Blake Ridge extends away from the continental slope at water depths exceeding 2,000 m (Fig. 1). This broad ridge is a Cenozoic, sedimentary drift deposit controlled by bottom currents. (For the reader who is beginning to wonder why half of the features of this region seem to be named \"Blake\", the Blake was a Coast Survey steamer from which investigations off the southeastern U.S. were carried out in 1877 to 1880. Ferromanganese nodules were discovered on the Blake Plateau at that time [Murray, 1885].)
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Atlantic Continental Margin","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/DNAG-GNA-I2","usgsCitation":"Dillon, W.P., and Popenoe, P., 1988, The Blake Plateau Basin and Carolina Trough, chap. of The Atlantic Continental Margin, v. 1-2, p. 291-328, https://doi.org/10.1130/DNAG-GNA-I2.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"328","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Blake Plateau basin; Carolina Trough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n 29.34387539941801\n ],\n [\n -70.09277343749999,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -75.8056640625,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -76.4208984375,\n 34.70549341022544\n ],\n [\n -77.16796875,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -77.783203125,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -78.134765625,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -78.7060546875,\n 33.687781758439364\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 33.284619968887675\n ],\n [\n -79.189453125,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -80.595703125,\n 32.175612478499325\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 30.789036751261136\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 29.11377539511439\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4ca0e4b06e28e9cabb44","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sheridan, R. E.","contributorId":36681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725846,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grow, John A.","contributorId":25943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725847,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Popenoe, Peter","contributorId":62206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013736,"text":"70013736 - 1988 - Structure of the Blytheville arch in the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T15:57:42.82636","indexId":"70013736","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the Blytheville arch in the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"Seismic-reflection profiles across part of the New Madrid seismic zone in northeastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri show a faulted and structurally complex zone, originally known as Charlie’s ridge but herein renamed Blytheville arch, which is about 10 to 15 km wide and about 110 km long. Several exploratory drill holes in the arch penetrate Upper and possibly Middle Cambrian formations directly below Cretaceous rocks, whereas drill holes off the arch penetrate the Cambrian and Ordovician Knox and Arbuckle Groups equivalents and possibly younger Paleozoic rocks below the Cretaceous; therefore, the pre-Cretaceous rocks in the arch are structurally high. Most earthquakes in the northeast-trending segment of the New Madrid seismic zone along the axis of the Reelfoot rift occur along the arch. Focal mechanisms of earthquakes in the trend show right-lateral, strike-slip movement. Epicenters in the northeastern part of the seismic trend between Caruthersville, MO, and Blytheville, AR, are spatially less dispersed than those to the southwest between Blytheville and Marked Tree, AR. Most of the hypocenters to the northeast cluster between 6 to 12 km deep, whereas those to the southwest range from near the surface to about 15 km deep. Earthquakes in the northeast part of the seismic trend are concentrated along a fault zone under the arch, whereas those to the southwest are more dispersed under the arch. A seismic trend that extends south-southwest from near Charleston, MO, projects to the northwest side of the ridge near Blytheville, where the seismicity changes character and the southeast boundary of the arch trends more easterly. The relationship between the structural boundaries of the arch and the seismicity may establish the extent of part of New Madrid seismicity and improve the basis for seismic hazard assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.59.4.117","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, R.M., and McKeown, F.A., 1988, Structure of the Blytheville arch in the New Madrid seismic zone: Seismological Research Letters, v. 59, no. 4, p. 117-121, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.59.4.117.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"121","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.62266103742384,\n 35.92282644599075\n ],\n [\n -90.60592036859272,\n 35.310149869745985\n ],\n [\n -88.38566313092106,\n 36.2053838998349\n ],\n [\n -88.69796912583067,\n 36.960955444757346\n ],\n [\n -89.70703047773134,\n 36.41817623077918\n ],\n [\n -90.62266103742384,\n 35.92282644599075\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c5be4b08c986b31d3bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, R. M.","contributorId":69995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"R.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKeown, F. A.","contributorId":106100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeown","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014338,"text":"70014338 - 1988 - Seismicity in South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T15:51:19.368016","indexId":"70014338","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity in South Carolina","docAbstract":"The largest historical earthquake in South Carolina, and in the southeastern US, occurred in the Coastal Plain province, probably northwest of Charleston, in 1886. Locations for aftershocks associated with this earthquake, estimated using intensities based on newspaper accounts, defined a northwest trending zone about 250 km long that was at least 100 km wide in the Coastal Plain but widened to a northeast trending zone in the Piedmont. The subsequent historical and instrumentally recorded seismicity in South Carolina images the 1886 aftershock zone. Except for a few scattered earthquakes and a swarm of shallow (≤ 4 km deep), small (ML ≤ 2.5), primarily reverse faulting earthquakes that occurred along the flanks of a granite pluton about 60 km northwest of Columbia, the seismicity in the Piedmont province has been associated with water level changes in reservoirs. Reservoir induced seismicity (RIS) is shallow (≤ 6 km deep), primarily strike-slip or thrust faulting corresponding to an inferred maximum horizontal compressive stress oriented approximately N 60° E. Instrumentally recorded seismicity in the Coastal Plain province occurs in 3 seismic zones or clusters: Middleton Place-Summerville (MPSSZ), Adams Run (ARC), and Bowman (BSZ). Approximately 68% of the Coastal Plain earthquakes occur in the MPSSZ, a north trending zone about 22 km long and 12 km wide, lying about 20 km northwest of Charleston. The hypocenters of MPSSZ earthquakes range in depth from near the surface to almost 12 km. Thrust, strike-slip, and some normal faulting are indicated by the fault plane solutions for Coastal Plain earthquakes. The maximum horizontal compressive stress, inferred from the P-axes of the fault plane solutions, is oriented NE-SW in the shallow crust (< 9 km deep) but appears to be diffusely E-W between 9 to 12 km deep. Although there is localized variability, the current seismicity and associated faulting in South Carolina probably represent a regional response to the NE-SW maximum horizontal compressive stress prevalent throughout eastern North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.59.4.165","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Shedlock, K.M., 1988, Seismicity in South Carolina: Seismological Research Letters, v. 59, no. 4, p. 165-171, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.59.4.165.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"171","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.11119998356874,\n 35.01023290788176\n ],\n [\n -83.31606862062566,\n 34.73773119477824\n ],\n [\n -82.24585743653857,\n 33.68055625183999\n ],\n [\n -81.25191560426644,\n 32.40101840790609\n ],\n [\n -80.83242368941809,\n 32.078392275765026\n ],\n [\n -80.49876867802588,\n 32.15921712319552\n ],\n [\n -78.73480777221232,\n 33.28232451476005\n ],\n [\n -78.59177906612226,\n 33.90139801811003\n ],\n [\n -79.65010123771732,\n 34.809047318434686\n ],\n [\n -80.77875723907695,\n 34.835749705563\n ],\n [\n -81.08742558870982,\n 35.1596579758138\n ],\n [\n -82.29591995937459,\n 35.26068178662756\n ],\n [\n -83.11119998356874,\n 35.01023290788176\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b94e4b08c986b317942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedlock, Kaye M.","contributorId":61788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Kaye","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001670,"text":"1001670 - 1988 - Duck nest success in the prairie pothole region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-18T17:32:37.294648","indexId":"1001670","displayToPublicDate":"1988-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duck nest success in the prairie pothole region","docAbstract":"We estimated nest success of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), gadwall (A. strepera), blue-winged teal (A. discors), northern shoveler (A. clypeata), and northern pintail (A. acuta) for 5 regions in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota, for 1-3 periods between 1966 and 1984, and for 8 habitat classes. We obtained composite estimates of nest success for regions and periods by weighting each habitat proportional to the number of nest initiations. The distribution of nest initiations was derived from estimates of breeding populations, preferences of species for nesting habitats, and availability of habitats. Nest success rates ranged from < 5 to 36% among regions, periods, and species. Rates were lowest in western Minnesota (MNW) and eastern North Dakota (NDE), intermediate in central North Dakota (NDC) and eastern South Dakota (SDE), and highest in central South Dakota (SDC). In regions with comparable data, no consistent trend in nest success was apparent from early to late periods. Gadwalls and blue-winged teal nested more successfully than mallards and pintails; the relative success of shovelers varied regionally. Ducks nesting in idle grassland were the most successful and those nesting in cropland were least successful. Mammalian predation was the major cause of nesting failure (54-85%) in all habitats, but farming operations resulted in 37 and 27% of the nesting failures in cropland and hayland, respectively. Most of the populations studied were not self-sustaining.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801586","usgsCitation":"Klett, A.T., Shaffer, T.L., and Johnson, D.H., 1988, Duck nest success in the prairie pothole region: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 52, no. 3, p. 431-440, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801586.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"440","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.2195242419423,\n 49.00824500795295\n ],\n [\n -101.2195242419423,\n 42.802006996665256\n ],\n [\n -94.81719243265182,\n 42.802006996665256\n ],\n [\n -94.81719243265182,\n 49.00824500795295\n ],\n [\n -101.2195242419423,\n 49.00824500795295\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696b2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, Albert T.","contributorId":290904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klett","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":316287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013302,"text":"70013302 - 1988 - A new Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-02T16:25:20.210733","indexId":"70013302","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality in Iowa","docAbstract":"The earliest tetrapods known are from two or three Upper Devonian1–3 and some 20 Lower Carboniferous localities in Scotland4 and North America5–8. Most sites yield few and fragmentary specimens; well-preserved and even partially articulated material is exceedingly rare. This report discusses a middle Lower Carboniferous site rich in amphibian and fish remains discovered near Delta, south-east Iowa, and represents the first Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality found in mid-continental North America. The bones occur within collapse-structures or depressions, and appear to represent a fresh- or brackish-water pond fauna. The Delta site contains the oldest well-preserved tetrapod fauna in North America, and one of the oldest in the world. Several hundred tetrapod fossils have been collected to date, with excavation somewhat more than half completed. Specimens range from isolated bones to articulated, nearly complete skeletons of at least two apparently new amphibian species. This material will make an important contribution to knowledge of the mor-phology and interrelationships of early tetrapods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/333768a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Bolt, J., McKay, R., Witzke, B., and McAdams, M., 1988, A new Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality in Iowa: Nature, v. 333, no. 6175, p. 768-770, https://doi.org/10.1038/333768a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"768","endPage":"770","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.69321098034271,\n 43.54256954893344\n ],\n [\n -96.72858624817624,\n 42.73699803843523\n ],\n [\n -96.1161908673356,\n 41.780553985192824\n ],\n [\n -95.90624885835399,\n 40.48760168558948\n ],\n [\n -91.92848582950946,\n 40.58236406842123\n ],\n [\n -91.4363674865877,\n 40.29164457407646\n ],\n [\n -90.90527191776219,\n 40.891384940468015\n ],\n [\n -90.09462276356368,\n 41.90527987432017\n ],\n [\n -90.63381627372756,\n 42.729413795212736\n ],\n [\n -91.24190728304254,\n 43.53316060224191\n ],\n [\n -96.69321098034271,\n 43.54256954893344\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"333","issue":"6175","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e499e4b0c8380cd46758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolt, J.R.","contributorId":57205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolt","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, R.M.","contributorId":91238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witzke, B.J.","contributorId":12976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McAdams, M.P.","contributorId":81633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAdams","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5220774,"text":"5220774 - 1988 - Survival of juvenile ring-necked ducks on wetlands of different pH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-22T16:48:10.36356","indexId":"5220774","displayToPublicDate":"1988-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of juvenile ring-necked ducks on wetlands of different pH","docAbstract":"Brood and duckling survival of ring-necked ducks (Aythya collaris) was examined in relation to wetland water chemistry in eastcentral Maine during 1983-85. Daily survival rates (DSR) of broods and ducklings were determined for 381 ducklings from 64 broods by counts of each brood at 6-10-day intervals during broodrearing. Twelve of 64 females lost entire broods. Only 176 of 381 (46%) ducklings survived to fledge. Brood survival for the 45-day rearing period was 0.7731; duckling survival was 0.3707. Young ducklings (≤24 days) survived at a lower rate (0.9750/day) than older (≥25 days) ducklings (0.9818/day) (P = 0.002). Survival rates of broods and ducklings did not differ among wetlands of high and low alkalinities. Brood survival did not differ among wetlands of different pH, but DSR of ducklings was lower (0.9763/day) on low-pH (<6.0) wetlands than on high-pH (≥6.1) wetlands (0.9816/day) (P = 0.049). Class IIb-III (25-45 days old) ducklings from the lowest-pH wetlands(<5.5) had the lowest DSR (0.9752) while Class IIb-III ducklings from the highest-pH wetlands (>6.5) had the highest DSR (0.9856) (P = 0.009).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801219","usgsCitation":"McAuley, D., and Longcore, J., 1988, Survival of juvenile ring-necked ducks on wetlands of different pH: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 52, no. 2, p. 169-176, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801219.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"176","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197784,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","county":"Hancock County, Washington County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.04882868494023,\n 45.77994913044307\n ],\n [\n -69.04882868494023,\n 44.26057419211864\n ],\n [\n -67.06934253029306,\n 44.26057419211864\n ],\n [\n -67.06934253029306,\n 45.77994913044307\n ],\n [\n -69.04882868494023,\n 45.77994913044307\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G.","contributorId":346357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel G.","affiliations":[{"id":37196,"text":"Retired USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":332450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, Jerry R.","contributorId":346356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Longcore","given":"Jerry R.","affiliations":[{"id":37196,"text":"Retired USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":332451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220770,"text":"5220770 - 1988 - Foods of juvenile ring-necked ducks: Relationship to wetland pH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-22T16:31:07.39601","indexId":"5220770","displayToPublicDate":"1988-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foods of juvenile ring-necked ducks: Relationship to wetland pH","docAbstract":"Foods of 37 juvenile ring-necked ducks (Aythya collaris) from 16 different wetlands were examined in eastcentral Maine in 1983-85. Invertebrates made up 70% aggregate dry weight (100% occurrence) of the foods of Class Ia-IIa (≤ 24 days old) ducklings and 32% (86% occurrence) of Class IIb-III (≥ 25 days old) ducklings. These percentages may be as high as 85% for Ia-IIa ducklings and 47% for IIb-III ducklings after adjusting for insect sclerites. Ducklings ate invertebrates from 44 taxa and seeds or fibers from 23 plant taxa. Freshwater sponges (Porifera) were the most important invertebrate and constituted 23% of the foods of all ducklings. Seeds of pondweeds (Potamogeton spp.) were the most important plant foods. Diets of ducklings from high-pH (≥ 6.1) wetlands were more diverse (t = 2.54, P = 0.021) than those from low-pH (<6.1) wetlands and consisted of 33 invertebrate taxa. Only 17 taxa occurred in ducklings from low-pH ponds. Class Ia-IIa ducklings from high-pH wetlands ate more invertebrates (77%) than ducklings from lower-pH wetlands (61%), although the difference was not significant (P = 0.21). Sponges made up the largest percentage of the diets and occurred in similar amounts in high- (34%) and low- (31.5%) pH wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801220","usgsCitation":"McAuley, D., and Longcore, J., 1988, Foods of juvenile ring-necked ducks: Relationship to wetland pH: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 52, no. 2, p. 177-185, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801220.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"185","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","county":"Aroostook County, Hancock County, Penobscot County, Washington County","otherGeospatial":"eastcentral Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.22830161052416,\n 46.439506996990104\n ],\n [\n -70.22830161052416,\n 45.01031431362537\n ],\n [\n -68.5878885041646,\n 45.01031431362537\n ],\n [\n -68.5878885041646,\n 46.439506996990104\n ],\n [\n -70.22830161052416,\n 46.439506996990104\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de54e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G.","contributorId":346357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel G.","affiliations":[{"id":37196,"text":"Retired USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":332441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, Jerry R.","contributorId":346356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Longcore","given":"Jerry R.","affiliations":[{"id":37196,"text":"Retired USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":332442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014343,"text":"70014343 - 1988 - The 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-24T16:19:05.182395","indexId":"70014343","displayToPublicDate":"1988-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, California","docAbstract":"The Whittier Narrows earthquake sequence (local magnitude, ML = 5.9), which caused over 358-million dollars damage, indicates that assessments of earthquake hazards in the Los Angeles metropolitan area may be underestimated. The sequence ruptured a previously unidentified thrust fault that may be part of a large system of thrust faults that extends across the entire east-west length of the northern margin of the Los Angeles basin. Peak horizontal accelerations from the main shock, which were measured at ground level and in structures, were as high as 0.6g (where g is the acceleration of gravity at sea level) within 50 kilometers of the epicenter. The distribution of the modified Mercalli intensity VII reflects a broad north-south elongated zone of damage that is approximately centered on the main shock epicenter.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.239.4846.1409","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Hauksson, E., Jones, L.M., Davis, T., Hutton, L., Williams, P., Bent, A.L., Brady, A.G., Reasenberg, P.A., Michael, A., Yerkes, R.F., Etheredge, E., Porcella, R.L., Johnston, M., Reagor, G., Bufe, C., Cranswick, E., and Shakal, A., 1988, The 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, California: Science, v. 239, no. 4846, p. 1409-1412, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.239.4846.1409.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1409","endPage":"1412","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225890,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.93209035547059,\n 34.46183243191399\n ],\n [\n -118.93209035547059,\n 33.722456760279115\n ],\n [\n -117.49331656484492,\n 33.722456760279115\n ],\n [\n -117.49331656484492,\n 34.46183243191399\n ],\n [\n -118.93209035547059,\n 34.46183243191399\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"239","issue":"4846","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba62ce4b08c986b320f39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hauksson, E.","contributorId":10932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauksson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, T.L.","contributorId":8234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutton, L.K.","contributorId":66266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutton","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, Pat","contributorId":61532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Pat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bent, Allison L.","contributorId":239555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bent","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":47914,"text":"Canadian Hazards Information Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brady, A. Gerald","contributorId":85959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gerald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reasenberg, Paul A.","contributorId":39430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yerkes, R. F.","contributorId":24754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Etheredge, E.","contributorId":59569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etheredge","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Porcella, R. L.","contributorId":102869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcella","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Reagor, G.","contributorId":60671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reagor","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Bufe, C. G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Cranswick, E.","contributorId":85948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranswick","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Shakal, A.K.","contributorId":38295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shakal","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":1014507,"text":"1014507 - 1988 - Cooperative federal-state liming research on surface waters impacted by acidic deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-18T16:02:48.616166","indexId":"1014507","displayToPublicDate":"1988-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cooperative federal-state liming research on surface waters impacted by acidic deposition","docAbstract":"In the eastern and north-central United States, lakes and streams with low acid neutralizing capacity are at risk from acidity. Resource management agencies are interested in developing mitigation strategies that protect or restore fisheries in these waters. Addition of limestone (calcium carbonate) to improve water quality and prevent episodic depressions of pH during precipitation events and spring runoff is one mitigation technique being used. The ecological changes that accompany such treatment of streams and lakes are being investigated in a cooperative program between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and individual states. Streams in Massachusetts, West Virginia and Tennessee, and a lake in Minnesota are included in this 5-yr research program. Intensive monitoring during pre- and post-liming tracks a suite of physical, chemical and biological parameters that influence the re-establishment or maintenance of healthy fisheries. Supporting studies on liming being conducted at Adirondack lakes in New York focus on fisheries management. A model on the influence of liming on light attenuation and thermal stratification is also being developed. Management guidelines are to be generated from the program results.
Stratigraphic relations and ten 14C ages show that movement occurred on the Meers fault in late Holocene time. Movement on the fault postdates the Browns Creek Alluvium, which began to be deposited between 14,000 and 13,000 yr B.P., and predates the East Cache Alluvium, which was deposited between 800 and 100 yr B.P. Surface warping along the fault led to local stream incision on the upthrown side of the fault and deposition of slopewash and fan alluvium on the down-thrown side. Three 14C ages of charcoal and soil humus buried by fan alluvium indicate that faulting probably occurred between 1400 and 1100 yr B.P. The soil that formed in the fan alluvium is only slightly more developed than that in the East Cache Alluvium, and the weak development of both soils indicates a geologically recent age that is consistent with the radiocarbon ages obtained for these deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0392:SEOHFI>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Madole, R.F., 1988, Stratigraphic evidence of Holocene faulting in the mid-continent: The Meers fault, southwestern Oklahoma: GSA Bulletin, v. 100, no. 3, p. 392-401, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0392:SEOHFI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"392","endPage":"401","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"The Meers fault, southwestern Oklahoma ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.008544921875,\n 36.19995805932895\n ],\n [\n -100.08544921874999,\n 34.53371242139564\n ],\n [\n -98.98681640625,\n 33.95247360616282\n ],\n [\n -98.360595703125,\n 33.988918483762156\n ],\n [\n -98.39355468749999,\n 34.732584206123626\n ],\n [\n -98.54736328125,\n 35.65729624809628\n ],\n [\n -98.89892578125,\n 36.12900165569652\n ],\n [\n -99.54711914062499,\n 36.2354121683998\n ],\n [\n -100.008544921875,\n 36.19995805932895\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madole, Richard F. 0000-0002-9081-570X madole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-570X","contributorId":1340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madole","given":"Richard","email":"madole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207902,"text":"70207902 - 1988 - Voluminous submarine lava flows from Hawaiian volcanoes ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T06:18:23","indexId":"70207902","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-17T13:09:52","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Voluminous submarine lava flows from Hawaiian volcanoes ","docAbstract":"The GLORIA long-range sonar imaging system has revealed fields of large lava flows in the Hawaiian Trough east and south of Hawaii in water as deep as 5.5 km. Flows in the most extensive field (110 km long) have erupted from the deep submarine segment of Kilauea's east rift zone. Other flows have been erupted from Loihi and Mauna Loa. This discovery confirms a suspicion, long held from subaerial studies, that voluminous submarine flows are erupted from Hawaiian volcanoes, and it supports an inference that summit calderas repeatedly collapse and fill at intervals of centuries to millenia owing to voluminous eruptions. These extensive flows differ greatly in form from pillow lavas found previously along shallower segments of the rift zones; therefore, revision of concepts of volcano stratigraphy and structure may be required.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0400:VSLFFH>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Holcomb, R.T., Moore, J.G., Lipman, P.W., and Belderson, R., 1988, Voluminous submarine lava flows from Hawaiian volcanoes : Geology, v. 16, no. 5, p. 400-404, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0400:VSLFFH>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"400","endPage":"404","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawaiian volcanoes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.77490234375,\n 18.70869162255995\n ],\n [\n -154.44580078125,\n 18.70869162255995\n ],\n [\n -154.44580078125,\n 21.06399706324597\n ],\n [\n -156.77490234375,\n 21.06399706324597\n ],\n [\n -156.77490234375,\n 18.70869162255995\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holcomb, Robin T.","contributorId":46938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belderson, R.H.","contributorId":221677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belderson","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207882,"text":"70207882 - 1988 - Deformation along the northeast side of Blacktail Mountains salient, southwestern Montana ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-16T13:56:02","indexId":"70207882","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-16T13:49:52","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1726,"text":"GSA Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation along the northeast side of Blacktail Mountains salient, southwestern Montana ","docAbstract":"The Blacktail Mountains salient is a convex-eastward area of stacked Laramide-age thrust faults that trend north and dip west at moderate angles. The thrusts occur in Mississippian to Cretaceous strata above a basement of Archean metamorphic rocks. The northern margin of the salient is delimited by the Jake Canyon fault, a northwest-trending, northeast-dipping Laramide reverse fault. During the Laramide orogeny, the fault formed a common boundary of the present-day Blacktail Mountains and a structural high that existed in the area of the present-day valley of Blacktail Deer Creek. The fault juxtaposed Archean metamorphic rocks upon Phanerozoic strata in the northwest-era half of its extent, and against other Archean metamorphic rocks in the southeastern half. General structural relationships and study of small-scale structures in local areas show that movement along the Jake Canyon fault caused deformation of the north-trending thrust faults and associated folds. During Cenozoic extensional faulting, the Blacktail fault developed northeast of the Jake Canyon fault, and generally delimits the southwestern side of the basin of sedimentary rocks that lies beneath the valley of Blacktail Deer Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/MEM171-p203","usgsCitation":"Tysdal, R.G., 1988, Deformation along the northeast side of Blacktail Mountains salient, southwestern Montana : GSA Memoirs, v. 171, p. 203-215, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM171-p203.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"215","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Northeast side of Blacktail Mountains ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.26904296874999,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -111.55517578125,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -111.55517578125,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -113.26904296874999,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -113.26904296874999,\n 43.78695837311561\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"171","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tysdal, Russell G.","contributorId":1700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70122644,"text":"70122644 - 1988 - Changes in the morphometry of Las Vegas Wash and the impact on water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T15:51:07.991619","indexId":"70122644","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T09:31:11","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the morphometry of Las Vegas Wash and the impact on water quality","docAbstract":"Las Vegas Wash, a natural wash east of Las Vegas, Nevada, carries stormwater, groundwater drainage, and sewage effluent from two sewage treatment plants to Lake Mean. Over 80 percent of the normal discharge of approximately 3.4 m3/s (120 ft3/s) consists of effluent from the City of Las Vegas and Clark County sewage treatment plants. Beginning in the 1950s, a large wetland area developed along the wash that supported waterfowl populations and contributed to some water quality transformations. Heavy rains and subsequent flooding in the area in 1983 and 1984 resulted in erosion and channelization that greatly reduced the wetland area within Las Vegas Wash. The reduction in wetland area shortened water travel time in the wash and affected water quality. The primary impacts on the water entering Lake Mead have been an increase in temperature, a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration, and an increase in ammonia levels. Other physical-chemical parameters and changes in nutrient transformations are also discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1080/07438148809354388","usgsCitation":"Roline, R.A., and Sartoris, J.J., 1988, Changes in the morphometry of Las Vegas Wash and the impact on water quality: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 4, no. 1, p. 135-142, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438148809354388.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Las Vegas Wash","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.894888,36.123186 ], [ -114.894888,36.14121 ], [ -114.862873,36.14121 ], [ -114.862873,36.123186 ], [ -114.894888,36.123186 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0cfe4b01f35f8fd6953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roline, Richard A.","contributorId":56984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roline","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sartoris, James J.","contributorId":98018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartoris","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70231784,"text":"70231784 - 1988 - Estimation of ground-water use for irrigation in eastern Washington using Landsat imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T13:42:28.843253","indexId":"70231784","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T08:32:45","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimation of ground-water use for irrigation in eastern Washington using Landsat imagery","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Water-Use Data for Water Resources Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Water-Use Data for Water Resources Management","conferenceDate":"1988","conferenceLocation":"Arizona, United States","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P.C., and Seevers, P., 1988, Estimation of ground-water use for irrigation in eastern Washington using Landsat imagery, in Proceedings of the Symposium on Water-Use Data for Water Resources Management, Arizona, United States, 1988, p. 667-679.","productDescription":"TPS88-2, 13 p.","startPage":"667","endPage":"679","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -480.377197265625,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -480.34423828124994,\n 45.69850658738846\n ],\n [\n -480.047607421875,\n 45.775186183521036\n ],\n [\n -479.81689453125,\n 45.836454050187726\n ],\n [\n -479.72900390625006,\n 45.82114340079471\n ],\n [\n -479.619140625,\n 45.91294412737392\n ],\n [\n -479.41040039062494,\n 45.882360730184025\n ],\n [\n -479.27856445312494,\n 45.93587062119052\n ],\n [\n -479.124755859375,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -478.97094726562494,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -476.90551757812494,\n 46.00459325574482\n ],\n [\n -476.949462890625,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -476.90551757812494,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -476.96044921874994,\n 46.29381556233369\n ],\n [\n -477.04833984375006,\n 46.36967413462374\n ],\n [\n -477.00439453125,\n 46.430285240839964\n ],\n [\n -477.02636718749994,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -480.377197265625,\n 49.001843917978526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":211144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seevers, P. M.","contributorId":94325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seevers","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70137831,"text":"70137831 - 1988 - Carbonate to siliciclastic periplatform sediments: southwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-13T09:16:18","indexId":"70137831","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1386,"text":"Developments in Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbonate to siliciclastic periplatform sediments: southwest Florida","docAbstract":"Three distinct carbonate deposits have been identified on the slope and adjacent sea floor of the southwestern Florida Platform: (1) reef talus, recognized by shape and location, found on the upper slope of the Yucatan Channel and also east of the Marquesas Keys; (2) hemipelagic sediments, with complex sigmoid-oblique bed forms, filling the intervening gap between the channel and Keys and forming two lobes on the floor of the northern Florida Straits; and (3) turbidite deposits, with chaotic internal bed forms, covering siliciclastic Mississippi Fan sediments at the base of the canyons in the Florida escarpment. The source of the talus, eroded and transported during the many storms that frequent the region, is the reef complexes that have formed on the platform rim. The sediment of the other two deposits is of foraminiferal tests, produced in nutrient-rich waters at the shelf edge. This sediment is deposited on the outer shelf and is vigorously transported southward, as evidenced by 5 m high asymmetric sand waves.
\n\n
Geophysical, geochemical, and sedimentological data suggest that the spatial relationships of these deposits are related to sea-level variations. During extreme lowstands, with much of the shelf exposed, the dominant sedimentation was in the form of siliciclastic deposition on the abyssal floor, and slope talus development at the edge of the shelf. During a subsequent rise in sea level, after carbonate production on the shelf was initiated, sediment was transported southward to the head of the canyons and funneled to the abyssal floor. Subsequent rising sea level shifted the axis of transport farther to the shelf, bypassing the canyons and funneling the sediment through breaks in the carbonate reef banks at the southern edge of the platform. At the sites of both the hemipelagic and the turbidite deposition, high-resolution seismic data indicate that at least three cycles of deposition have occurred. In the abyss, this cyclic nature has produced alternating layers of carbonate and noncarbonate sediments, recognizable in the sedimentary record as limestone units interlayered with fine shales. In the geologic record the hemipelagic deposits would be almost indistinguishable from deep-sea foraminiferal oozes.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0070-4571(08)70172-9","usgsCitation":"Holmes, C.W., 1988, Carbonate to siliciclastic periplatform sediments: southwest Florida: Developments in Sedimentology, v. 42, p. 271-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070-4571(08)70172-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"287","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.593994140625,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -87.637939453125,\n 31.05293398570514\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 30.770159115784214\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 26.843677401113002\n ],\n [\n -80.343017578125,\n 24.996015742094006\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 24.986058021167594\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 28.05259082333986\n ],\n [\n -82.85888671875,\n 28.767659105691255\n ],\n [\n -87.593994140625,\n 30.372875188118016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b4be4b08de9379b3300","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162685,"text":"70162685 - 1988 - Forecasting California’s earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T16:31:02","indexId":"70162685","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting California’s earthquakes","docAbstract":"
The first official earthquake forecast for California emphasizes the broad extent of the hazard and the uncertainties involved in predicting the next quakes.
\nFor the first time, researchers have reached to a consensus on the threat of large earthquakes to California, things look no worse for Los Angles than before. It still has about a 60 percent chance of being shaken by a large earthquake sometime during the next 30 years. But other heavily populated areas of California, such as San Bernardino and the East Bay area of San Francisco, are now getting their fair share of attention. The new consensus also points up the considerable uncertainties invloved in earthquake forecasting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kerr, R.A., 1988, Forecasting California’s earthquakes: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 3, p. 114-119.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"119","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -120.003662109375,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 39.036252959636606\n ],\n [\n -114.63134765625001,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -114.444580078125,\n 34.66935854524543\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 34.31621838080741\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 34.116352469972746\n ],\n [\n -114.54345703125,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -114.5654296875,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 33.367237465838315\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 33.17434155100208\n ],\n [\n -114.554443359375,\n 33.0178760185549\n ],\n [\n -114.49951171875,\n 32.93492866908233\n ],\n [\n -114.554443359375,\n 32.759562025650126\n ],\n [\n -114.730224609375,\n 32.713355353177555\n ],\n [\n -117.16918945312499,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -120.25634765624999,\n 33.201924189778936\n ],\n [\n -120.838623046875,\n 34.243594729697406\n ],\n [\n -122.398681640625,\n 36.69485094156225\n ],\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 39.715638134796336\n ],\n [\n -124.68383789062499,\n 40.455307212131494\n ],\n [\n -124.442138671875,\n 41.95949009892465\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 42.00848901572399\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49c6e4b07ca61bfea546","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerr, R. A.","contributorId":152674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70137558,"text":"70137558 - 1988 - Causes of varied sediment gravity flow types on the Alsek Prodelta, northeast Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-09T08:55:27","indexId":"70137558","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2670,"text":"Marine Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causes of varied sediment gravity flow types on the Alsek Prodelta, northeast Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Slope failures and subsequent mass movements have been identified in Holocene glaciomarine sediment on declivities less than 1.3° on the Alsek prodelta, Gulf of Alaska. Isolated collapse features cover less than 10 percent of a nearshore sand deposit, in water depths less than 40 m. In contrast, sediment gravity flow deposits (disintegrative failures) cover more than 95 percent of a clayey silt deposit that is located in water depths between 35 m and 80 m. The morphology of individual disintegrative failures in the prodelta clayey silt indicates an eastward increase in the internal deformation and downslope translation of the failed sediment mass, the most extreme deformations being relatively large linear depressions up to 6‐m deep, 400‐m wide, and 1800‐m long, extending downslope in the easternmost part of the study area.
\n\n
In‐place cone penetration tests show that the nearshore sand is dense and is probably not highly susceptible to cyclic strength degradation and ultimate slope failure. The isolated collapse features are thought to result from the slope failure of more susceptible clayey silt that underlies the sand, sampled in nearby vibracores.
\n\n
The generation of disintegrative failures on the Alsek prodelta involves a drained conversion of the sediment (pore‐water influx) from an in‐place dense condition (State II) to an expanded condition (State I) during storm‐wave loading. Without this conversion, only nondisintegrative failures, typified by limited internal deformation or minor downslope translation of the failed sediment mass are possible. Higher porosity, underconsolidated, clayey silt of the eastern part of the study area is more susceptible to conversion from State II to State I than is the denser, normally consolidated, clayey silt of the western part of the study area. This trend in the porosity and consolidation state of the sediment is expressed as the eastward increase in the internal deformation and downslope translation of disintegrative failures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10641198809388224","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Lee, H., and Molnia, B.F., 1988, Causes of varied sediment gravity flow types on the Alsek Prodelta, northeast Gulf of Alaska: Marine Geotechnology, v. 7, no. 4, p. 317-342, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641198809388224.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"342","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.4462890625,\n 59.866883195210214\n ],\n [\n -140.2734375,\n 60.6301017662667\n ],\n [\n -136.80175781249997,\n 57.80965135970151\n ],\n [\n -152.8857421875,\n 56.31653672211301\n ],\n [\n -152.4462890625,\n 59.866883195210214\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b4fe4b08de9379b330f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molnia, Bruce F. bmolnia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Bruce","email":"bmolnia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70137566,"text":"70137566 - 1988 - Cathodoluminescent bimineralic ooids from the Pleistocene of the Florida continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-09T11:51:48","indexId":"70137566","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cathodoluminescent bimineralic ooids from the Pleistocene of the Florida continental shelf","docAbstract":"A bored and encrusted late Pleistocene ooid grainstone was recovered from the seafloor at a depth of approximately 40 m on the outer continental shelf of eastern Florida. Ooid cortices are dominantly bimineralic, generally consisting of inner layers of radial magnesian calcite and outer layers of tangential aragonite. Ooid nuclei are dominantly rounded cryptocrystalline grains, although quartz grains and a variety of skeletal grains also occur as nuclei. Ooids are partially cemented by blocky calcite, and interparticle porosity is partially filled by micrite.
\n\n
Radial cortex layers are composed of brightly cathodoluminescent magnesian calcite having a composition of approximately 12 mol% MgCO3 and 1000 ppm strontium. The iron and manganese concentrations in radial cortex layers are generally in the range of 500–1000 ppm and 100–250 ppm, respectively. Tangential cortex layers are composed of noncathodoluminescent aragonite containing approximately 11 500 ppm strontium and less than 0.5 mol% MgCO3. Iron concentrations in tangential cortex layers are generally in the range of 150–400 ppm, and manganese concentrations are generally below the detection limit of 100 ppm. Echinoderm skeletal fragments, which are present as accessory grains, are composed of brightly cathodoluminescent magnesian calcite. Some ooid nuclei and the thin outer edges of some blocky calcite cement are cathodoluminescent; micrite matrix and the bulk of blocky calcite cement are noncathodoluminescent. Ooids do not exhibit textural evidence of recrystallization.
\n\n
The ooid grainstone underwent an episode of meteoric diagenesis. but ooid cortices were not affected by the event. We propose a previously unrecognized process by which the magnesian calcite cortex layers underwent diagenetic alteration in oxygen-depleted seawater. During this diagenesis, magnesium was lost and manganese was incorporated without apparent textural alteration and without mineralogical stabilization. Thus, we Suggest that cathodoluminescence may result from diagenetic alteration on the sea-floor.
\nInterpretation of abundant seismic data suggests that Kilauea's primary conduit within the upper mantle is concentrically zoned to about 34-km depth. This zoned structure is inferred to contain a central core region of relatively higher permeability, surrounded by numerous dikes that are in intermittent hydraulic communication with each other and with the central core. During periods of relatively high magma transport, the entire cross section of the conduit is utilized. During periods of relatively low to moderate transport, however, only the central core is active. As the conduit penetrates the oceanic crust and enters the volcanic shield, it simultaneously supplies the deeper sections of the rift zones (6-to 10-km depth) and the roots of the summit reservoir with picritic magma. The rift zones at depth are inferred to be almost wholly molten and to possess a high degree of fluid continuity from Heiheiahulu in the East Rift Zone, 45 km westward through the roots of the summit magma reservoir, and well into the Southwest Rift Zone. Higher in the shield, the subcaldera magma reservoir and the shallow rift zones occupy the 2-to 4-km depth interval. Summit-differentiated olivine tholeiite (ρ ≈ 2.62 g cm−3) is periodically injected laterally along a horizon of neutral buoyancy within the rift zones, where the density of the magma is just balanced by the in situ density of the shield (Ryan, 1987a, b). Deep rift zone intrusions push seaward the deep tectonic blocks of the volcano's south flank. Shallow rift intrusions build a sheeted dike complex, inferred to be in isostatic equilibrium with the higher-density deep rift cores below. General finite element analyses are presented for the deformation and stress fields surrounding such dikes in the horizontal and vertical planes. The dike tip in two and three dimensions is surrounded by a tubular core of tensile (σ1, σ2) and shear stress (τmax). The displacement field is characterized by counterrotating cells on either side of the dike tip which, in vertical orientation, produce the characteristic subsidence above the dike complex, with uplift on either side, forming a ridge-trough-ridge structure. A finite element model of Kilauea's shield computes the displacement fields and principal stress (σ1) distributions resulting from intrusive activity on each or both of the rift zones. Within the summit region, tensile stress lobes produced by the three-dimensional upward extension of the intrusions superpose constructively to produce calderawide regimes of tensile stress, conducive to caldera development. Parametric studies of (1) intrusion in the East Rift Zone only, (2) intrusion in the Southwest Rift Zone only, and (3) intrusion in both rift zones demonstrate their unique kinematic contributions. For case 1, the caldera undergoes a counterclockwise rotation (torque up state) conducive to the development of rightstepping en echelon eruptive fissures, as exemplified by the August 14, 1971, eruption. For case 2, the caldera undergoes a clockwise rotation (torque down state) conducive to the development of left-stepping eruptive fissures, as occurred during the December 31, 1974, eruption. For case 3, the caldera substructure is driven due southward, producing the southward migration of the upper portions of the summit magma reservoir.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB05p04213","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ryan, M., 1988, The mechanics and three-dimensional internal structure of active magmatic systems: Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B5, p. 4213-4248, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04213.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"4213","endPage":"4248","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badc3e4b08c986b323dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, M.P.","contributorId":30754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013665,"text":"70013665 - 1988 - Downslope Eulerian mean flow associated with high-frequency current fluctuations observed on the outer continental shelf and upper slope along the northeastern United States continental margin: Implications for sediment transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T00:51:20.658789","indexId":"70013665","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downslope Eulerian mean flow associated with high-frequency current fluctuations observed on the outer continental shelf and upper slope along the northeastern United States continental margin: Implications for sediment transport","docAbstract":"Eulerian current measurements made 5-7 m above bottom at six stations along the United States east coast continental margin show a net downslope flow of 1-5 cm s-1. Although the scalar current speed decreases with water depth and toward the bottom, fluctuations in the cross-isobath flow were stronger and increasingly asymmetric near the bottom. Maximum downslope flow exceeded maximum upslope flow by a factor of two to three. The strength of the low-passed downslope flow was proportional to the upslope Reynolds flux of density as well as to the amplitude of the current fluctuations that have periods shorter than 30 h. These flow characteristics may be caused by differential vertical mixing in the bottom boundary layer where a stratified fluid flows upslope (unstable) and downslope (stable). The asymmetry in current strength clearly favors net downslope transport of sediments that move as bedload. ?? 1988.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(88)90078-7","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., 1988, Downslope Eulerian mean flow associated with high-frequency current fluctuations observed on the outer continental shelf and upper slope along the northeastern United States continental margin: Implications for sediment transport: Continental Shelf Research, v. 8, no. 5-7, p. 811-840, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(88)90078-7.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"840","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b4e4b0c8380cd50605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, B.","contributorId":85580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014710,"text":"70014710 - 1988 - Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014710","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2742,"text":"Mikrochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite","docAbstract":"The variation in relative elemental concentrations among a series of coal macerals belonging to the vitrinite maceral group was determined using laser micro mass spectrometry (LAMMS). Variations in Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V concentrations among the coals were determined using the LAMM A-1000 instrument. LAMMS analysis is not limited to these elements; their selection illustrates the application of the technique. Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V have minimal site-to-site variance in the vitrinite macerals of the studied coals as measured by LAMMS. The LAMMS data were compared with bulk elemental data obtained by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and D. C. arc optical emission spectroscopy (DCAS) in order to determine the reliability of the LAMMS data. The complex nature of the ionization phenomena in LAMMS and the lack of standards characterized on a microscale makes obtaining quantitative elemental data within the ionization microvolume difficult; however, we demonstrate that the relative variation of an element among vitrinites from different coal beds in the eastern United States can be observed using LAMMS in a \"bulk\" mode by accumulating signal intensities over several microareas of each vitrinite. Our studies indicate gross changes (greater than a factor of 2 to 5 depending on the element) can be monitored when the elemental concentration is significantly above the detection limit. \"Bulk\" mode analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of future elemental LAMMS microanalyses. The primary advantage of LAMMS is the inherent spatial resolution, ~ 20 ??m for coal. Two different vitrite bands in the Lower Bakerstown coal bed (CLB-1) were analyzed. The analysis did not establish any certain concentration differences in Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V between the two bands. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mikrochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01236096","issn":"00263672","usgsCitation":"Morelli, J., Hercules, D., Lyons, P., Palmer, C., and Fletcher, J., 1988, Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite: Mikrochimica Acta, v. 96, no. 1-6, p. 105-118, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01236096.","startPage":"105","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236096"},{"id":225655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc066e4b08c986b32a0de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morelli, J.J.","contributorId":90891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hercules, D.M.","contributorId":86905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hercules","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmer, C.A.","contributorId":81894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fletcher, J.D.","contributorId":24928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70013709,"text":"70013709 - 1988 - Origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:32","indexId":"70013709","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams of the United States","docAbstract":"Degradation of water quality related to oxidation of iron disulfide minerals associated with coal is a naturally occurring process that has been observed since the late seventeenth century, many years before commencement of commercial coal mining in the United States. Disturbing coal strata during mining operations accelerates this natural deterioration of water quality by exposing greater surface areas of reactive minerals to the weathering effects of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Degraded water quality in the temperate eastern half of the United States is readily detected because of the low mineralization of natural water. Maps are presented showing areas in the eastern United States where concentrations of chemical constituents in water affected by coal mining (pH, dissolved sulfate, total iron, total manganese) exceed background values and indicate effects of coal mining. Areas in the East most affected by mine drainage are in western Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, western Maryland, West Virginia, southern Illinois, western Kentucky, northern Missouri, and southern Iowa. Effects of coal mining on water quality in the more arid western half of the United States are more difficult to detect because of the high degree of mineralization of natural water. Normal background concentrations of constituents are not useful in evaluating effects of coal mine drainage on streams in the more arid West. Three approaches to reduce the effects of coal mining on water quality are: (1) exclusion of oxygenated water from reactive minerals, (2) neutralization of the acid produced, (3) retardation of acid-producing bacteria population in spoil material, by application of detergents that do not produce byproducts requiring disposal. These approaches can be used to help prevent further degradation of water quality in streams by future mining. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02580450","issn":"00990094","usgsCitation":"Powell, J.D., 1988, Origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams of the United States: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 11, no. 2, p. 141-152, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02580450.","startPage":"141","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02580450"},{"id":220661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70b7e4b0c8380cd761c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, J. D.","contributorId":29828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}