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Among its many responsibilities, such as map making and providing information on earthquakes and other natural hazards, the USGS provides information on the Nation's water resources. The USGS has collected and analyzed hydrologic (water-related) information for more than 100 years. In 1889, the first streamflow-gaging station (a site where regular observations of streamflow data are collected) operated in the United States by the USGS was established on the Rio Grande near Embudo, New Mexico. As the&nbsp;need for streamflow data increased, the USGS's streamflow-gaging program has grown to include more than 7,000 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations. More than 90 percent of these stations are operated with at least partial support from State, local, and other Federal agencies.</p><p>In Virginia, the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is a major cooperator in the streamflow-gaging program, which consists of 152 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations located throughout the State (fig. 1). The USGS and DEQ cooperate to publish the annual USGS State data report, \"Water Resources Data-Virginia;\" this two-volume publication includes streamflow data collected at the 152 streamflow-gaging stations, chemical data collected at more than 24 streamflow-gaging stations, and ground-water data collected from more than 338 wells.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95713_1999","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality - Water Division","usgsCitation":"Moberg, R.M., Rice, K.C., and Powell, E.D., 1999, Measuring streamflow in Virginia (1999 revision) (Revised in 1999): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-713, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95713_1999.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science 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 \"}}]}","edition":"Revised in 1999","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a4b6e4b04df303d95867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moberg, Roger M. rmmoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":3655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moberg","given":"Roger","email":"rmmoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Eugene D.","contributorId":80309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179677,"text":"70179677 - 1999 - Hydrology and geochemistry of carbonate springs in Mantua Valley, northern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:42:31","indexId":"70179677","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5260,"text":"Utah Geological Association Publications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrology and geochemistry of carbonate springs in Mantua Valley, northern Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Water chemistry, tritium data, precipitation-discharge relations, geology, topography, and dye tracing were used to determine recharge areas, ground-water residence times, factors influencing ground-water flow, and aquifer characteristic for five springs that discharge from Paleozoic limestones and dolostones along the margin of Manuta Valley, northern Utah.</p><p>Temperature of Mantua Valley spring water ranged between 6.0 and 15.0 degrees Celsius. Spring-water temperature indicates that depth of circulation of ground water could be as shallow as 80 feet (25 meters) to as much as 1,150 feet (350 meters). Dissolved-solids concentration in the water from springs ranged from 176 to 268 milligrams per liter. Average total hardness of spring water ranged from 157 to 211 milligrams per liter. Water from all of the springs is a calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type that generally is undersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite. The molar calcium/magnesium ratio in spring water ranged from 1.21 to 1.88, and indicates that ground water flows through impure dolostone or a mixed limestone and dolostone terrace.</p><p>Discharge from carbonate springs in Mantua Valley ranges from about to 10 to 4,300 gallons per minute (0.6 to 271 liters per second). Seasonal variations in chemical parameters and discharge indicate that the aquifers supplying water to most of these springs are predominantly diffuse-flow systems that have been locally enhanced by bedrock dissolution. Estimated recharge area for th springs ranges from 2.7 to 7 square miles (7 to 18 square kilometers).</p><p>On the basis of tritium age dating, the mean residence time of ground water discharges from Olsens-West Hallins and Maple Springs was determined to be from 3 to 9, and from 4 to 15 years, respectively. Dye tracing from point sources 2.65 miles (4.26 kilometers) southeast of Maple Spring, however, indicates a substantially faster component of flow during snowmelt runoff, with a travel time of about 5 days, or an average ground-water velocity of about 2,700 feet per day (823 meters per day).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of northern Utah and vicinity (Utah Geological Association Publication 27)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Utah Geological Association Publication 1999 field Symposium","conferenceDate":"September 11, 1999","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Association","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., and Spangler, L.E., 1999, Hydrology and geochemistry of carbonate springs in Mantua Valley, northern Utah: Utah Geological Association Publications, p. 337-352.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"352","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333037,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.utahgeology.org/wp/publications"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Mantua Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.00149536132812,\n              41.32010701725659\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.00149536132812,\n              41.56562822121977\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.78520202636719,\n              41.56562822121977\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.78520202636719,\n              41.32010701725659\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.00149536132812,\n              41.32010701725659\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58774c9de4b0315b4c11ff2c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spangler, Lawrence E. 0000-0003-3928-8809 spangler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-8809","contributorId":973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Lawrence","email":"spangler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658197,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Constance J.","contributorId":178204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Constance","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658198,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spangler, Lawrence E. 0000-0003-3928-8809 spangler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-8809","contributorId":973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Lawrence","email":"spangler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179951,"text":"70179951 - 1999 - Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T16:59:51","indexId":"70179951","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"40","title":"Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1999","docAbstract":"<p>This is the thirty-sixth in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights, provide data to enable interested parties to maintain awareness of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawal from wells, water-level changes, precipitation, streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Information on well construction included in this report refers only to wells constructed for new appropriations of ground water. Supplementary data are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas which are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions and for which applicable data are available.</p><p>This report includes individual discussions of selected significant areas of ground-water development in the State for calendar year 1998. Most of the reported data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Divisions of Water Rights and Water Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources ","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Burden, C.B., Spangler, L., Sory, J., Eacret, R.J., Kenney, T., Johnson, K., Loving, B., Brockner, S., Danner, M., Downhour, P., Slaugh, B., Swenson, R., Howells, J., Christiansen, H., and Fisher, M., 1999, Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1999: Cooperative Investigations Report 40, viii, 120 p.","productDescription":"viii, 120 p.","numberOfPages":"128","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333604,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-166"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5883302ce4b0d00231637802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spangler, L.E.","contributorId":54230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sory, J.D.","contributorId":178510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sory","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eacret, Robert J. rjeacret@usgs.gov","contributorId":971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eacret","given":"Robert","email":"rjeacret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":659502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kenney, T.A.","contributorId":44628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenney","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, K. K.","contributorId":70871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Loving, B.L.","contributorId":83705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loving","given":"B.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brockner, S.J.","contributorId":56307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brockner","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Danner, M.R.","contributorId":178514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danner","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Downhour, Paul downhour@usgs.gov","contributorId":968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downhour","given":"Paul","email":"downhour@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":659508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Slaugh, B.A.","contributorId":178515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slaugh","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Swenson, R.L.","contributorId":178508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swenson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Howells, J.H.","contributorId":178516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howells","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Christiansen, H.K.","contributorId":178517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christiansen","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Fisher, M.J.","contributorId":178524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70179263,"text":"70179263 - 1999 - Use of power analysis to develop detectable significance criteria for sea urchin toxicity tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T13:25:19","indexId":"70179263","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of power analysis to develop detectable significance criteria for sea urchin toxicity tests","docAbstract":"<p><span>When sufficient data are available, the statistical power of a test can be determined using power analysis procedures. The term “detectable significance” has been coined to refer to this criterion based on power analysis and past performance of a test. This power analysis procedure has been performed with sea urchin (</span><i>Arbacia punctulata</i><span>) fertilization and embryological development data from sediment porewater toxicity tests. Data from 3100 and 2295 tests for the fertilization and embryological development tests, respectively, were used to calculate the criteria and regression equations describing the power curves. Using Dunnett's test, a minimum significant difference (MSD) (</span><i>β</i><span> = 0.05) of 15.5% and 19% for the fertilization test, and 16.4% and 20.6% for the embryological development test, for </span><i>α</i><span> ≤ 0.05 and </span><i>α</i><span> ≤ 0.01, respectively, were determined. The use of this second criterion reduces type I (false positive) errors and helps to establish a critical level of difference based on the past performance of the test.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634989908656979","usgsCitation":"Carr, R., and Biedenbach, J., 1999, Use of power analysis to develop detectable significance criteria for sea urchin toxicity tests: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 2, no. 4, p. 413-418, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634989908656979.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"418","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332529,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585e45dee4b01224f329bf13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, R.S.","contributorId":31353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biedenbach, J.M.","contributorId":108262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biedenbach","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162415,"text":"70162415 - 1999 - Stress-induced immune-endocrine interaction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T08:37:42","indexId":"70162415","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Stress-induced immune-endocrine interaction","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stress physiology in animals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Sheffield Academic Press Ltd","isbn":"978-0849397417","usgsCitation":"Maule, A., and VanderKooi, S.P., 1999, Stress-induced immune-endocrine interaction, chap. 6 <i>of</i> Stress physiology in animals, p. 205-245.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a74726e4b0b28f1184d7a5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Balm, P.H.M.","contributorId":152488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balm","given":"P.H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589494,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanderKooi, S. P.","contributorId":12587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKooi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162390,"text":"70162390 - 1999 - Successful aquatic animal disease emergency programmes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T15:38:53.215242","indexId":"70162390","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22341,"text":"Revue Scientifique et Technique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Successful aquatic animal disease emergency programmes","docAbstract":"<p>The authors provide examples of emergency programmes which have been successful in eradicating or controlling certain diseases of aquatic animals. The paper is divided into four parts.</p>\n<p>The first part describes the initial isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) virus in North America in the autumn of 1988 from feral adult chinook (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) and coho salmon (<i>O.kisutch</i>) returning for spawning. The fish disease control policies at both State and Federal levels in the United States of America required quarantine and emergency eradication measures upon the finding of certain exotic fish pathogens, including VHS virus. The procedures for emergency plans, destruction of stocks and disinfection of facilities are described, as well as challenge experiments with the North American strains of VHS virus and the detection of the virus in marine fish species (cod [<i>Gadus macrocephalus</i>] and herring [<i>Clupea harengus pallasi</i>]) in the Pacific Ocean.</p>\n<p>The second part of the paper outlines the aquatic animal legislation in Great Britain and within the European Union, in regard to contingency plans, initial investigations, action on the suspicion of notifiable disease and action on confirmation of infection. The legal description is followed by an account of an outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in Great Britain, including the stamping-out process at the affected farm and investigations conducted to screen other farms in the vicinity for possible infection.</p>\n<p>The third part provides a historical review of the build-up of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) in Norway and the attempts to control the disease using legal measures in the absence of detailed knowledge of the aetiology, epizootiology, pathogenesis, etc. of the disease. The measures taken show that the spread of ISA can be controlled using restrictions on the movement of fish, disinfection procedures, etc. However, acceptance and understanding of the chosen strategy by the fish farmers is a pre-requisite to reach that goal. Finally, the paper summarises future needs for national and international legislation, including the development of standard approaches for control, the creation of appropriate infrastructures and a better understanding of the epidemiology of aquatic animal diseases.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"World Organisation for Animal Health","doi":"10.20506/rst.18.1.1161","usgsCitation":"Hastein, T., Hill, B.J., and Winton, J., 1999, Successful aquatic animal disease emergency programmes: Revue Scientifique et Technique, v. 18, no. 1, p. 214-227, https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.18.1.1161.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a352b0e4b0b28f1183bbd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hastein, T.","contributorId":93430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastein","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, B. J.","contributorId":152443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"B.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175380,"text":"70175380 - 1999 - Sedimentation in the delta of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T15:06:38","indexId":"70175380","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-01T06:15:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sedimentation in the delta of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","conferenceTitle":"4th biennial State of the Estuary Conference","conferenceDate":"March 17-19, 1999","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco Estuary Partnership","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","usgsCitation":"Dinehart, R., and Schoellhamer, D., 1999, Sedimentation in the delta of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, 4th biennial State of the Estuary Conference, San Francisco, CA, March 17-19, 1999, p. 75-75.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a9ad70e4b05e859bdfbae4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinehart, R.L.","contributorId":54610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170502,"text":"70170502 - 1999 - Species - and community- level responses to disturbance imposed by feral  horse grazing and other management practices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T13:06:30","indexId":"70170502","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-17T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Species - and community- level responses to disturbance imposed by feral  horse grazing and other management practices","language":"English","publisher":"University of Nevada, Reno.","usgsCitation":"Beever, E.A., and Advised by Brussard, P.F., 1999, Species - and community- level responses to disturbance imposed by feral  horse grazing and other management practices, xi, 259p.","productDescription":"xi, 259p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"275","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Submitted for a Doctor of Philosophy in the Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571b4b33e4b071321fe31ccb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, Erik A. ebeever@usgs.gov","contributorId":131032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Advised by Brussard, Peter F.","contributorId":168847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Advised by Brussard","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162332,"text":"70162332 - 1999 -  Characterization of branch complexity by fractal analyses and detect plant functional adaptations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T14:34:28","indexId":"70162332","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2065,"text":"International Journal of Plant Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Characterization of branch complexity by fractal analyses and detect plant functional adaptations","docAbstract":"<p>The comparison between complexity in the sense of space occupancy (box-counting fractal dimension Dc and information dimension DI ) and heterogeneity in the sense of space distribution (average evenness index and evenness variation coefficient JCV) were investigated in mathematical fractal objects and natural branch ¯ J structures. In general, increased fractal dimension was paired with low heterogeneity. Comparisons between branch architecture in Anthyllis cytisoides under different slope exposure and grazing impact revealed that branches were more complex and more homogeneously distributed for plants on northern exposures than southern, while grazing had no impact during a wet year. Developmental instability was also investigated by the statistical noise of the allometric relation between internode length and node order. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that fractal dimension of branch structure can be used to analyze the structural organization of plants, especially if we consider not only fractal dimension but also shoot distribution within the canopy (lacunarity). These indexes together with developmental instability analyses are good indicators of growth responses to the environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/314220","usgsCitation":"Alados, C., Escos, J., Emlen, J., and Freeman, D., 1999,  Characterization of branch complexity by fractal analyses and detect plant functional adaptations: International Journal of Plant Sciences, v. 160(S6), p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1086/314220.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/122628","text":"External Repository"},{"id":314603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"160(S6)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f39e4b0961cf2811bbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alados, C.L.","contributorId":22925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alados","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Escos, J.","contributorId":44311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escos","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, D.C.","contributorId":21309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162333,"text":"70162333 - 1999 - Growth and mortality of age-0 northern squawfish, <i>Ptychocheilus oregonensis</i>, rearing in shoreline habitats of the Columbia River Reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T14:33:11","indexId":"70162333","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and mortality of age-0 northern squawfish, <i>Ptychocheilus oregonensis</i>, rearing in shoreline habitats of the Columbia River Reservoir","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigated growth and mortality of age-0 northern squawfish during early rearing in shallow shoreline habitats. Larvae and juveniles (n=22914) were collected by weekly seining at three sample sites in the upper John Day Reservoir, Columbia River, during June through early September 1994–1996. Using a length-based ageing method, it was estimated that the exponential growth rate (G) for a common growth stanza (10–28 mm standard length SL) was significantly higher in 1994 (G=0.047) than in 1996 (G=0.037). Growth rate in 1995 could not be estimated, but was probably intermediate between 1994 and 1996 based on mean standard lengths of fish collected at the end of each sampling season (46.3, 40.0, and 32.0 mm SL in 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively). For many fish species, variations in early growth can influence survival through size-selective mortality processes. Consistent with this possibility, our estimates of instantaneous mortality rates (Z) demonstrated that larvae and juveniles had significantly higher mortality in 1996 than in 1994 (Z=0.103 in 1994, versus Z=0.138 in 1996). Enhanced growth and lower mortality in 1994 were associated with a number of interrelated environmental conditions – comparatively low flows and turbidities, abundant instream vegetative cover, and high near-shore water temperatures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1007466928572","usgsCitation":"Barfoot, C., Gadomski, D., and Wertheimer, R., 1999, Growth and mortality of age-0 northern squawfish, <i>Ptychocheilus oregonensis</i>, rearing in shoreline habitats of the Columbia River Reservoir: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 54, no. 1, p. 107-115, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007466928572.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, John Day Resevoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.99169921875,\n              46.2102496001872\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.76123046875,\n              46.13417004624326\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.45361328124999,\n              45.644768217751924\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.39941406249999,\n              45.90529985724796\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89453125,\n              46.027481852486645\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.09228515624999,\n              43.052833917627936\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.158203125,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.904296875,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.27734374999999,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.78271484375,\n              42.65012181368025\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.16748046874999,\n              44.24519901522129\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.0576171875,\n              44.84029065139799\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.99169921875,\n              46.2102496001872\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f48e4b0961cf2811bec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barfoot, C.A.","contributorId":51490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barfoot","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gadomski, D.M.","contributorId":37101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadomski","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wertheimer, R.H.","contributorId":60406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wertheimer","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162436,"text":"70162436 - 1999 - Cloning, in Vitro expression, and novel phylogenetic classification of a channel catfish estrogen receptor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T11:03:28","indexId":"70162436","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cloning, in Vitro expression, and novel phylogenetic classification of a channel catfish estrogen receptor","docAbstract":"<p><span>We obtained two channel catfish estrogen receptor (ccER) cDNA from liver of female fish using RT–PCR. The two fragments were identical in sequence except that the smaller one had an out-of-frame deletion in the E domain, suggesting the existence of ccER splice variants. The larger fragment was used to screen a cDNA library from liver of a prepubescent female. A cDNA was obtained that encoded a 581-amino-acid ER with a deduced molecular weight of 63.8 kDa. Extracts of COS-7 cells transfected with ccER cDNA bound estrogen with high affinity (</span><i>K</i><sub><i>d</i></sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;4.7 nM) and specificity. Maximum parsimony and Neighbor Joining analyses were used to generate a phylogenetic classification of ccER on the basis of 18 full-length ER sequences. The tree suggested the existence of two major ER branches. One branch contained two clearly divergent clades which included all piscine ER (except Japanese eel ER) and all tetrapod ERα, respectively. The second major branch contained the eel ER and the mammalian ERβ. The high degree of divergence between the eel ER and mammalian ERβ suggested that they also represent distinct piscine and tetrapod ER. These data suggest that ERα and ERβ are present throughout vertebrates and that these two major ER types evolved by duplication of an ancestral ER gene. Sequence alignments with other members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily indicated the presence of 8 amino acids in the E domain that align exclusively among ER. Four of these amino acids have not received prior research attention and their function is unknown. The novel finding of putative ER splice variants in a nonmammalian vertebrate and the novel phylogenetic classification of ER offer new perspectives in understanding the diversification and function of ER.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","doi":"10.1006/gcen.1999.7196","usgsCitation":"Xia, Z., Patino, R., Gale, W., Maule, A., and Densmore, L., 1999, Cloning, in Vitro expression, and novel phylogenetic classification of a channel catfish estrogen receptor: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 113, no. 3, p. 360-368, https://doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1999.7196.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"360","endPage":"368","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a75546e4b0b28f1184d7dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, Z.","contributorId":152501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xia","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, R.","contributorId":39915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gale, W.L.","contributorId":152438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gale","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Densmore, L.D.","contributorId":152503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Densmore","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70162330,"text":"70162330 - 1999 - Migrational characteristics of radio-tagged juvenile salmonids during operation of a surface collection and bypass system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T14:07:13","indexId":"70162330","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"Migrational characteristics of radio-tagged juvenile salmonids during operation of a surface collection and bypass system","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":" Innovations in fish passage technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","isbn":"978-1888569179","usgsCitation":"Adams, N., Rondorf, D., Evans, S., Kelly, J., Perry, R., Plumb, J., and Kennedy, D., 1999, Migrational characteristics of radio-tagged juvenile salmonids during operation of a surface collection and bypass system, chap. 7 <i>of</i>  Innovations in fish passage technology, p. 105-117.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/professional-and-trade/x55036xm/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4be4b0961cf2811bfd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589249,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":93175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, S.D.","contributorId":69282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, J.E.","contributorId":20216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Plumb, J.M.","contributorId":37870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kennedy, D.R.","contributorId":152415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70162396,"text":"70162396 - 1999 - Pathogenecity of <i>Ichthyophonus hoferi</i> for laboratory-reared Pacific herring (<i>Clupea pallasi</i>) and its early appearance in wild Puget Sound herring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-22T10:40:46","indexId":"70162396","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogenecity of <i>Ichthyophonus hoferi</i> for laboratory-reared Pacific herring (<i>Clupea pallasi</i>) and its early appearance in wild Puget Sound herring","docAbstract":"<p><span>Laboratory-reared pathogen-free Pacific herring were exposed to pure cultures of Ichthyophonus hoferi, and reproduced the disease seen in naturally infected fish--thus fulfilling Koch's Postulates. Pathogen-free herring used in this study were reared from artificially spawned eggs incubated in filtered, UV-sterilized seawater, eliminating the variables associated with multiple infections, which are common in wild herring. Wild free-ranging herring were captured monthly from June through October by dip net from 'herring balls' located in the northern Puget Sound. I. hoferi infections were identified in these fish soon after metamorphoses, about 4 mo post-hatch. The prevalence increased from 5 to 6% in 0-yr fish to 24% in 1-yr-old fish to 50 to 70% in fish over 2 yr old, with no associated increase in mortality. The route of natural transmission to wild herring was not determined, but carnivorous fish became infected and died when they were experimentally fed tissues infected with the organism. In vitro culture of tissues was the most sensitive method for identifying both clinical and subclinical infections.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","doi":"10.3354/dao035023","usgsCitation":"Kocan, R., Hershberger, P., Mehl, T., Elder, N., Bradley, M., Wildermuth, D., and Stick, K., 1999, Pathogenecity of <i>Ichthyophonus hoferi</i> for laboratory-reared Pacific herring (<i>Clupea pallasi</i>) and its early appearance in wild Puget Sound herring: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 35, no. 2, p. 23-29, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao035023.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao035023","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              46.897739085507\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              48.76343113791796\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.55273437499999,\n              48.76343113791796\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.55273437499999,\n              46.897739085507\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              46.897739085507\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360bfe4b0b28f1183bc10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocan, R.","contributorId":95665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hershberger, P.","contributorId":64826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehl, T.","contributorId":79649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elder, N.","contributorId":93230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradley, M.","contributorId":68057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wildermuth, D.","contributorId":18925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildermuth","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stick, K.","contributorId":49949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stick","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70162385,"text":"70162385 - 1999 - Masculinization of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) by immersion in androgens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-22T08:36:41","indexId":"70162385","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Masculinization of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) by immersion in androgens","docAbstract":"<p><span>The use of all-male populations increases the efficiency and feasibility of tilapia aquaculture. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a short-term immersion procedure for masculinizing Nile tilapia (</span><i>Oreochromis niloticus</i><span>). Two synthetic androgens were evaluated: 17α-methyldihydrotestosterone (MDHT) and 17α-methyltestosterone (MT). Exposure (3&nbsp;h) on 10 and again on 13 days post-fertilization to MDHT at 500&nbsp;μg/1 successfully masculinized fry in all experiments, resulting in 100, 94 and 83&nbsp;±&nbsp;2% males in Experiments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Immersions in MDHT or MT at 100&nbsp;μg/1 resulted in significantly skewed sex ratios in Experiments 1 and 3 (MT resulted in 73 and 83&nbsp;±&nbsp;3% males; and MDHT resulted in 72 and 91&nbsp;±&nbsp;1% males) but not in Experiment 2. Immersion in MT at 500&nbsp;μg/1 only caused masculinization in Experiment 3. Although further research and refinement is needed, immersion of Nile tilapia in MDHT may provide a practical alternative to the use of steroid-treated feed. Furthermore, when compared with current techniques for steroid-induced sex inversion of tilapia, short-term immersion reduces the period of time that workers are exposed to anabolic steroids.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00136-2","usgsCitation":"Gale, W., Fitzpatrick, M., Lucero, M., Contreras-Sanchez, W., and Schreck, C.B., 1999, Masculinization of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) by immersion in androgens: Aquaculture, v. 178, no. 3-4, p. 349-357, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00136-2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"357","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360bfe4b0b28f1183bc07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gale, W.L.","contributorId":152438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gale","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, M.S.","contributorId":16194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucero, M.","contributorId":152439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucero","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Contreras-Sanchez, W.M.","contributorId":152440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Contreras-Sanchez","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schreck, C. B.","contributorId":116862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70162338,"text":"70162338 - 1999 - Fish assemblages and habitat relationships in a small northern Great Plains stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T14:50:44","indexId":"70162338","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblages and habitat relationships in a small northern Great Plains stream","docAbstract":"<p>We examined fish populations and environmental characteristics of pool and riffle habitats of Little Beaver Creek, Montana, a small northern Great Plains stream. We collected 4,980 fishes representing 20 species in eight families. The most abundant and species-rich family was Cyprinidae. Nearly 88% (4,369) of all fishes were collected in pools. Pools also supported greater numbers ofspecies (x = 6.3, SO = 2.6, n = 58) than did riffles ( x = 2.2, SO = 1.9, n = 47). Most species showed distinct patterns of relative abundance along the stream gradient. Community changes were primarily reflected by the downstream addition of species; species replacement was of less importance. A multivariate analysis of fish relative abundance identified two relatively well-defined pool fish assemblages: a downstream assemblage comprised largely of native fluvial cyprinids, and a more diverse midstream-upstream assemblage comprised of fishes from several families. No well-defined assemblages were identified in riffle habitats. Environmental measures of stream size, substrate characteristics, water clarity, and banks ide conditions appeared to be associated with differences in fish assemblage structure. However, correlations between habitat conditions and fish assemblages were weak, possibly because a complex of factors act conculTently to shape assemblages. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Great Plains Natural Science Society","usgsCitation":"Barfoot, C., and White, R., 1999, Fish assemblages and habitat relationships in a small northern Great Plains stream: Prairie Naturalist, v. 31, no. 1, p. 87-106.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314607,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sdstate.edu/nrm/organizations/gpnss/tpn/upload/31-2_Barfoot_White.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Little Beaver Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.04052734375,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              45.042478050891546\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              45.01141864227728\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.31298828125,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.29052734375,\n              47.2195681123155\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.03759765625,\n              47.88688085106898\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.01562499999999,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.04052734375,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f47e4b0961cf2811be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barfoot, C.A.","contributorId":51490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barfoot","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, R.G.","contributorId":105455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162414,"text":"70162414 - 1999 - Genetic characterization of naturally spawned Snake River fall-run Chinook salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T08:15:59","indexId":"70162414","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic characterization of naturally spawned Snake River fall-run Chinook salmon","docAbstract":"<p><span>We sampled juvenile Snake River chinook salmon </span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span> to genetically characterize the endangered Snake River fall-run population. Juveniles from fall and spring–summer lineages coexisted in our sampling areas but were differentiated by large allozyme allele frequency differences. We sorted juveniles by multilocus genotypes into putative fall and spring lineage subsamples and determined lineage composition using maximum likelihood estimation methods. Paired </span><i>sMEP-1</i><span>* and </span><i>PGK-2</i><span>* genotypes—encoding malic enzyme (NADP</span><sup>+</sup><span>) and phosphoglycerate kinase, respectively—were very effective for sorting juveniles by lineage, and subsamples estimated to be 100% fall lineage were obtained in four annual samples. We examined genetic relationships of these fall lineage juveniles with adjacent populations from the Columbia River and from Lyons Ferry Hatchery, which was established to perpetuate the Snake River fall-run population. Our samples of naturally produced Snake River fall lineage juveniles were most closely aligned with Lyons Ferry Hatchery samples. Although fall-run strays of Columbia River hatchery origin found on spawning grounds threaten the genetic integrity of the Snake River population, juvenile samples (a) showed distinctive patterns of allelic diversity, (b) were differentiated from Columbia River populations, and (c) substantiate earlier conclusions that this population is an important genetic resource. This first characterization of naturally produced Snake River fall chinook salmon provides a baseline for monitoring and recovery planning.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":" American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0680:GCOSSR>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Marshall, A., Blankenship, H., and Connor, W., 1999, Genetic characterization of naturally spawned Snake River fall-run Chinook salmon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 3, p. 680-698, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0680:GCOSSR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"680","endPage":"698","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Snake River","volume":"129","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a75557e4b0b28f1184d839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, A.R.","contributorId":152487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, H.L.","contributorId":7029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blankenship","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connor, W.P.","contributorId":98090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162386,"text":"70162386 - 1999 - Outbreeding depression in hybrids between odd-and even-broodyear pink salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-22T08:50:41","indexId":"70162386","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Outbreeding depression in hybrids between odd-and even-broodyear pink salmon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fewer F</span><sub>2</sub><span> hybrids between even- and odd-broodline pink salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</i><span>), which are lines that are genetically isolated by their strict two-year life cycle, survived than did F</span><sub>2</sub><span> controls, indicating outbreeding depression. Cryopreserved sperm of 40 broodyear 1990 males and of 40 broodyear 1991 males fertilized equal subsamples of eggs from 40 broodyear 1992 females. Return rates of F</span><sub>1</sub><span> hybrids (1.73%) and controls (1.63%) in 1994 did not differ significantly (</span><i>P</i><span>=0.30). F</span><sub>2</sub><span> hybrid and control crosses were made from 40 males and 40 females selected at random from each return group. Offspring were differentially marked and released. In 1996, returns differed significantly (</span><i>P</i><span>=0.011) between hybrids (</span><i>n</i><span>=34, 0.34%) and controls (</span><i>n</i><span>=44, 0.42%). The low rate of return of the control fish was similar to the measured return of a much larger group of tagged Auke Creek pink salmon, and probably not an artifact of the experiment. Although no increase in fluctuating asymmetry of paired meristic counts was observed in either F</span><sub>1</sub><span>or F</span><sub>2</sub><span> hybrids, size and some meristic counts of hybrids exceed measurements of controls, suggesting heterosis for those traits. The observations of decreased survival in F</span><sub>2</sub><span> hybrids confirm previous work [Gharrett, A.J., Smoker, W.W., 1991. Two generations of hybrids between even- and odd-year pink salmon (</span><i>O. gorbuscha</i><span>). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 48(9) 1744–1749]. Although genetic divergence between pink salmon broodlines is large and outbreeding depression might be expected in such unlikely hybrids, the results document the occurrence of outbreeding depression in salmon and signal caution in making management and aquacultural decisions that may create the possibility of outbreeding depression in self-sustaining or cultured populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00480-3","usgsCitation":"Gharrett, A., Smoker, W., Reisenbichler, R., and Taylor, S., 1999, Outbreeding depression in hybrids between odd-and even-broodyear pink salmon: Aquaculture, v. 173, no. 1-4, p. 117-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00480-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"173","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360bfe4b0b28f1183bc0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gharrett, A.J.","contributorId":86729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gharrett","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoker, W.W.","contributorId":91685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoker","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reisenbichler, R.R.","contributorId":77356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, S.G.","contributorId":152441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162429,"text":"70162429 - 1999 - Analysis of the nucleoprotein gene identifies three distinct lineages of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus within the European marine environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-13T07:22:51","indexId":"70162429","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3699,"text":"Virus Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the nucleoprotein gene identifies three distinct lineages of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus within the European marine environment","docAbstract":"<p>A ribonuclease (RNase) protection assay (RPA) has been used to detect nucleotide sequence variation within the nucleoprotein gene of 39 viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) isolates of European marine origin. The classification of VHSV isolates based on RPA cleavage patterns permitted the identification of ten distinct groups of viruses based on differences at the molecular level. The nucleotide sequence of representatives of each of these groupings was determined and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. This revealed grouping of the European marine isolates of VHSV into three genotypes circulating within distinct geographic areas. A fourth genotype was identified comprising isolates originating from North America. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that VHSV isolates recovered from wild caught fish around the British Isles were genetically related to isolates responsible for losses in farmed turbot. Furthermore, a relationship between naturally occurring marine isolates and VHSV isolates causing mortality among rainbow trout in continental Europe was demonstrated. <br><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0168-1702(99)00056-8","usgsCitation":"Snow, M., Cunningham, C., Melvin, W., and Kurath, G., 1999, Analysis of the nucleoprotein gene identifies three distinct lineages of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus within the European marine environment: Virus Research, v. 63, no. 1-2, p. 35-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1702(99)00056-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ireland, United Kingdom","otherGeospatial":"British Isles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              1.4501953125,\n              50.93073802371819\n            ],\n            [\n              2.548828125,\n              52.53627304145948\n            ],\n            [\n              0.439453125,\n              55.27911529201561\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.58203125,\n              58.44773280389084\n            ],\n            [\n              0.17578125,\n              60.673178565817715\n            ],\n            [\n              -0.9228515625,\n              61.14323525084058\n            ],\n            [\n              -9.140625,\n              58.10110549730587\n            ],\n            [\n              -7.734374999999999,\n              55.677584411089526\n            ],\n            [\n              -10.458984375,\n              54.85131525968606\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.513671874999998,\n              51.754240074033525\n            ],\n            [\n              -5.756835937499999,\n              49.5822260446217\n            ],\n            [\n              1.4501953125,\n              50.93073802371819\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a75541e4b0b28f1184d7c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snow, M.","contributorId":152494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snow","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, C.O.","contributorId":113076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melvin, W.T.","contributorId":152495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melvin","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162381,"text":"70162381 - 1999 - Evaluation of the protective immunogencity of the N, P, M, NV and G proteins of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using DNA vaccines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-07T17:09:05.142757","indexId":"70162381","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evaluation of the protective immunogencity of the N, P, M, NV and G proteins of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> using DNA vaccines","title":"Evaluation of the protective immunogencity of the N, P, M, NV and G proteins of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using DNA vaccines","docAbstract":"<p><span>The protective immunogenicity of the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), non-virion protein (NV) and glycoprotein (G) of the rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was assessed in rainbow trout using DNA vaccine technology. DNA vaccines were produced by amplifying and cloning the viral genes in the plasmid pCDNA 3.1. The protective immunity elicited by each vaccine was evaluated through survival of immunized fry after challenge with live virus. Neutralizing antibody titers were also determined in vaccinated rainbow trout </span><i>Oncorhynchus</i> <i>mykiss</i><span> fry (mean weight 2 g) and 150 g sockeye salmon </span><i>Oncorhynchus</i> <i>nerka</i><span>. The serum from the 150 g fish was also used in passive immunization studies with naïve fry. Our results showed that neither the internal structural proteins (N, P and M) nor the NV protein of IHNV induced protective immunity in fry or neutralizing antibodies in fry and 150 g fish when expressed by a DNA vaccine construct. The G protein, however, did confer significant protection in fry up to 80 d post-immunization and induced protective neutralizing antibodies. We are currently investigating the role of different arms of the fish immune system that contribute to the high level of protection against IHNV seen in vaccinated fish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao039029","usgsCitation":"Corbeil, S., LaPatra, S., Anderson, E., Jones, J., Vincent, B., Hsu, Y.L., and Kurath, G., 1999, Evaluation of the protective immunogencity of the N, P, M, NV and G proteins of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using DNA vaccines: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 39, no. 1, p. 29-36, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao039029.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao039029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360bce4b0b28f1183bbf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corbeil, S.","contributorId":65252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbeil","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPatra, S. E.","contributorId":55371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaPatra","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Eric","contributorId":168940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, J.","contributorId":102256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vincent, B.","contributorId":152435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vincent","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hsu, Ya Li","contributorId":152436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsu","given":"Ya","email":"","middleInitial":"Li","affiliations":[{"id":25665,"text":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kurath, G.","contributorId":152437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70162433,"text":"70162433 - 1999 - Antigenic and functional characterization of p57 produced by Renibacterium salmoninarum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T23:12:20.761604","indexId":"70162433","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Antigenic and functional characterization of p57 produced by <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i>","title":"Antigenic and functional characterization of p57 produced by Renibacterium salmoninarum","docAbstract":"<p><i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i>, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease, produces large quantities of a 57-58 kDa protein (p57) during growth in broth culture and during infection of salmonid fish. Biological activities of secreted p57 include agglutination of salrnonid leucocytes and rabbit erythrocytes. We define the location of epitopes on p57 recognized by agglutination-blocking monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 4Cl1, 4H8 and 4D3, and demonstrate that the majority of secreted p57 is a nlonomer that retains salrnonid leucocyte agglutinat~ng activity. The 3 MAbs bound a recombinant, amino-terminal fragment of p57 (211 aa) but not a carboxy-terminal fragment (315 aa) demonstrating that the neutralizing epitopes are located within the amino-terminal portion of p57. When combinations of the MAbs were used in an antigen capture ELISA. the epitopes recognized by the 3 MAbs were shown to be sterically separate. However, when the same MAb was used as both the coating and detection MAb, binding of the biotinylated detection MAb was not observed. These data indicate that the epitopes recognized by the 3 agglutination-blocking antibodies are functionally available only once per molecule and that native p57 exists as a monomer Similar ELISA results were obtained when kidney tissues from 3 naturally infected chinook salmon were assayed. Finally, a p57 monomer was purified using anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography that retained in vitro agglutinating activity. A model in which p57 is released from R. salmoninarum as a biologically active monomer during infection of salmonid fish is proposed. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao037043","usgsCitation":"Weins, G., Chien, M., Winton, J., and Kaatari, S., 1999, Antigenic and functional characterization of p57 produced by Renibacterium salmoninarum: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 37, no. 1, p. 43-52, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao037043.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479381,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao037043","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314745,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a75542e4b0b28f1184d7c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weins, G.","contributorId":152498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weins","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chien, M.S.","contributorId":152499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chien","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaatari, S.L.","contributorId":152500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaatari","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162382,"text":"70162382 - 1999 - Influence of externally attached trasmitters on the swimming performance of juvenile white sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-22T08:15:31","indexId":"70162382","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of externally attached trasmitters on the swimming performance of juvenile white sturgeon","docAbstract":"<p><span>We measured the critical swimming speed of juvenile white sturgeons </span><i>Acipenser transmontanus</i><span> equipped with externally attached dummy ultrasonic transmitters and of untagged control fish in the laboratory. White sturgeons ranging from 31.9 to 37.0 cm fork length were subjected to one of three treatments: Control (handled but not tagged), tag attached below the dorsal fin, and tag attached with the anterior insertion point between the fourth and fifth dorsal scutes. Although transmitters were of recommended weight, we found that the swimming performance of tagged white sturgeons was significantly less than that of untagged control fish. Swimming performance of tagged fish was not differentially affected by tag location. Our results suggest that data from ultrasonic telemetry studies of externally tagged juvenile white sturgeons should be interpreted with caution due to the reduced swimming performance caused by external transmitters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0965:IOEATO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Counihan, T., and Frost, C., 1999, Influence of externally attached trasmitters on the swimming performance of juvenile white sturgeon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 5, p. 965-970, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0965:IOEATO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"965","endPage":"970","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360bee4b0b28f1183bc00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Counihan, T.D.","contributorId":9789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frost, C.N.","contributorId":99324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162380,"text":"70162380 - 1999 - Biomass of coastal cutthroat trout in unlogged and previously clearcut basins in the central Coast Range of Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-22T07:35:44","indexId":"70162380","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomass of coastal cutthroat trout in unlogged and previously clearcut basins in the central Coast Range of Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Populations of coastal cutthroat trout </span><i>Oncorhynchus clarki clarki</i><span> were sampled in 16 Oregon headwater streams during 1991–1993. These streams were above upstream migration barriers and distributed among basins that had been logged 20–30 and 40–60 years ago and basins that had not been logged but had burned 125–150 years ago. The objective of our study was to characterize the populations and habitats of age-1 or older cutthroat trout within these three forest management types. Streams within unlogged basins had relatively low levels and a small range of trout biomass (g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>). Streams in basins logged 40–60 years ago supported low levels but an intermediate range of trout biomass. Streams in basins logged 20–30 years ago supported the widest range of biomass, including the lowest and highest biomasses among all streams sampled. The variable that best explained the variation of trout biomass among all 16 streams was the amount of large woody debris (LWD). All streams were heavily shaded during at least part of the year by mostly closed tree canopies. Deciduous trees were more prominent in canopies over streams in logged basins, while conifers were more prominent in the stream canopies of unlogged basins. Our results suggest that trout production in basins extensively clear-cut 20–60 years ago may generally decrease or remain low over the next 50 or more years because of decreasing loads of remnant LWD, persistent low recruitment potential for new LWD, and persistent heavy shading by conifers. These logged basins are not likely to show an increase in trout biomass over the next 50 years unless reset by favorable natural disturbances or by habitat restoration efforts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0890:BOCCTI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., and Hall, J., 1999, Biomass of coastal cutthroat trout in unlogged and previously clearcut basins in the central Coast Range of Oregon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 5, p. 890-899, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0890:BOCCTI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"890","endPage":"899","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              42.04929263868686\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              46.36209301204985\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.04736328125,\n              46.36209301204985\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.04736328125,\n              42.04929263868686\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              42.04929263868686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"128","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a360bae4b0b28f1183bbe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, J.D.","contributorId":67112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70159824,"text":"70159824 - 1999 - Health evaluation of Columbian white-tailed deer on Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-04T13:45:21","indexId":"70159824","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-06T08:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":383,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"99-001","subseriesTitle":"NWHC Technical Report","title":"Health evaluation of Columbian white-tailed deer on Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"<p>The Columbian white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus leucurus) was designated an endangered species in 1968. At that time the estimated population along the lower Columbia River of Washington and Oregon was 300 to 400 deer (Gavin, 1984). The Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian White-tailed Deer was established in 1972 to protect Columbian white-tailed deer and associated habitat Currently, an estimated 600 deer are present in several separate populations. The total refuge population is estimated at 200 animals. Of those, the mainland population consists of approximately 60 animals while the largest refuge island (Tenasillahe.Island) supports about 120 animals. The remaining 420 deer are present on private lands near the refuge (AI Clark, pers. com.).</p>\n<p>Higher than expected deer mortality on Tenasillahe Island in the spring of 1996 prompted refuge personnel to request assistance from the National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) for diagnostic evaluation to determine the cause of the mortalities. The mortality event occurred in the wake of extraordinary .flooding that reduced the availability and quality of forage on the island. It is estimated that 50% of the deer population on the refuge died during this time period. The basic finding of emaciation attributable to probable starvation raised concerns regarding the health status of the deer herd, available food resources, and current population levels.</p>\n<p>A health evaluation was conducted on free-ranging deer from the refuge in February, 1998. This evaluation was an analysis of physiologic parameters obtained from live deer in an attempt to determine the health of individual animals and, with adequate sampling, the health of the population. This study was conducted during February to examine individual animal health during the seasonal period when the deer are in their poorest physical condition. The late winter period prior to spring green-up is a time when the effects ofbreeding and winter stress are most evident (Venne and Ozoga, 1971).</p>\n<p>The objectives of this study were to: (1) gather baseline physiologic data on a subset of the population, (2) evaluate the data to determine the health of the animals sampled, (3) if possible, identify causes of poor health and, ( 4) provide refuge personnel with information that will aid them in managing the population.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70159824","usgsCitation":"Creekmore, T.E., and Glaser, L.C., 1999, Health evaluation of Columbian white-tailed deer on Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian white-tailed deer: Technical Report 99-001, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70159824.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70159824.jpg"},{"id":313228,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159824/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.53919982910156,\n              46.151297121751725\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.53919982910156,\n              46.295001661700226\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.2662582397461,\n              46.295001661700226\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.2662582397461,\n              46.151297121751725\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.53919982910156,\n              46.151297121751725\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565d813fe4b071e7ea54347a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Creekmore, Terry E.","contributorId":42179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creekmore","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glaser, Linda C.","contributorId":14703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70157373,"text":"70157373 - 1999 - Characterizing hydrology and the importance of ground-water discharge in natural and constructed wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:38:20","indexId":"70157373","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-07T08:30:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing hydrology and the importance of ground-water discharge in natural and constructed wetlands","docAbstract":"<p>Although considered the most important component for the establishment and persistence of wetlands, hydrology has been hard to characterize and linkages between hydrology and other environmental conditions are often poorly understood. In this work, methods for characterizing a wetland&rsquo;s hydrology from hydrographs were developed, and the importance of ground water to the physical and geochemical conditions in the root zone was investigated. Detailed sampling of nearly continuous hydrographs showed that sites with greater ground-water discharge had higher water tables and more stable hydrographs. Subsampling of the continuous hydrograph failed to characterize the sites correctly, even though the wetland complex is located in a strong regional ground-water-discharge area. By comparing soil-moisture-potential measurements to the water-table hydrograph at one site, we noted that the amount of root-zone saturation was not necessarily driven by the water-table hydrograph but can be a result of other soil parameters (i.e., soil texture and associated capillary fringe). Ground-water discharge was not a significant determinant of maximum or average temperatures in the root zone. High ground-water discharge was associated with earliest date of thaw and shortest period of time that the root zone was frozen, however. Finally, the direction and magnitude of shallow ground-water flow was found to affect the migration and importance of a geochemical species. Areas of higher ground-water discharge had less downward penetration of CO<sub>2</sub> generated in the root zone. In contrast, biotically derived CO<sub>2</sub> was able to penetrate the deeper ground-water system in areas of ground-water recharge. Although ground-water flows are difficult to characterize, understanding these components is critical to the success of wetland restoration and creation efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161777","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Walker, J.F., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 1999, Characterizing hydrology and the importance of ground-water discharge in natural and constructed wetlands: Wetlands, v. 19, no. 2, p. 458-472, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161777.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"458","endPage":"472","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Monroe County","otherGeospatial":"Kickapoo River, Wilton, Wilton wetland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.626220703125,\n              43.736623487867654\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.626220703125,\n              43.86200998554792\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4343032836914,\n              43.86200998554792\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4343032836914,\n              43.736623487867654\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.626220703125,\n              43.736623487867654\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56027bb5e4b03bc34f544805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157370,"text":"70157370 - 1999 - Debating complexity in modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:09:17","indexId":"70157370","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-07T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Debating complexity in modeling","docAbstract":"<p>Complexity in modeling would seem to be an issue of universal importance throughout the geosciences, perhaps throughout all science, if the debate last year among groundwater modelers is any indication. During the discussion the following questions and observations made up the heart of the debate.</p>\n<p>As scientists trying to understand the natural world, how should our effort be apportioned? We know that the natural world is characterized by complex and interrelated processes. Yet do we need to explicitly incorporate these intricacies to perform the tasks we are charged with? In this era of expanding computer power and development of sophisticated preprocessors and postprocessors, are bigger machines making better models? Put another way, do we understand the natural world better now with all these advancements in our simulation ability? Today the public's patience for long-term projects producing indeterminate results is wearing thin. This increases pressure on the investigator to use the appropriate technology efficiently. On the other hand, bringing scientific results into the legal arena opens up a new dimension to the issue: to the layperson, a tool that includes more of the complexity known to exist in the real world is expected to provide the more scientifically valid answer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/99EO00025","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., and Zheng, C., 1999, Debating complexity in modeling: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 80, no. 3, p. 29-29, https://doi.org/10.1029/99EO00025.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56027bbce4b03bc34f544824","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zheng, Chunmiao","contributorId":49233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Chunmiao","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}