Given the absence of a current source on snake diversity and nomenclature and the expressed global need to understand better the diversity of our biota, we think that a catalogue of the world snake fauna complete with synonymies at the familial, generic, and specific levels is essential. We provide that here beginning with publication of the first volume. This compendium will facilitate comparative studies on the ecology, genetics, and behavior of snakes and, we hope, contribute to their conservation. At the very least, this work, when completed, will provide a readily available reference to the current taxonomic statuses and geographic distributions of snakes on a global scale. No comprehensive, up-to-date catalogue of snake species exists, and it is obvious that a detailed and inclusive treatment is long overdue. Snake Species of the World provides a comprehensive treatment of 31 families, 450 genera, and more than 2500 species of living snakes. The magnitude of the compilation requires publication in several volumes. This volume, the first of three, covers 682 species. A primary goal of this synthesis is to provide interested readers with a means for tracking scientific names that have been applied to a snake and determining the currently accepted name of that species. A secondary goal is to alert those interested in snakes as research subjects that in general many species are poorly known, that some have limited distributions, and that several are characterized by taxonomic problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetologists' League","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","isbn":"1893777014","usgsCitation":"McDiarmid, R., Campbell, J.A., and Toure, T., 1999, Snake species of the world: A taxonomic and geographic reference. v. 1, xi, 511.","productDescription":"xi, 511","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdc57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, J. A.","contributorId":25941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toure, T.","contributorId":72092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toure","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5200165,"text":"5200165 - 1999 - Problem snake management: the habu and the brown treesnake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5200165","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Problem snake management: the habu and the brown treesnake","language":"English","publisher":"Comstock Pub. Associates","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","collaboration":"OCLC: 38936608","usgsCitation":"1999, Problem snake management: the habu and the brown treesnake, xix, 534.","productDescription":"xix, 534","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689e4e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.Y.","contributorId":112382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505826,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawai, Y.","contributorId":47510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawai","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505825,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiszar, D.","contributorId":24059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiszar","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505823,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanaka, H.","contributorId":35521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505824,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70164794,"text":"70164794 - 1999 - Controlled field and laboratory studies on VHS and Ichtyophonus in Pacific herring: Section II in Investigations of disease factors affecting declines of Pacific herring populations in Prince William Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-09T15:41:14","indexId":"70164794","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Controlled field and laboratory studies on VHS and Ichtyophonus in Pacific herring: Section II in Investigations of disease factors affecting declines of Pacific herring populations in Prince William Sound","docAbstract":"From 1995 through 1998 the controlled disease studies covered a wide range of topics including virus survival in seawater, development of natural immunity, effects of oil exposure on immunity, effect of synthetic immunosuppressants, epizootiology of VHSV in net pens, antibody production and the natural history of VHS in Pacific herring. Both VHSV and I. hoferi were was observed in fish that reached two-years-old while in captivity. Prior to 2 years old, fish that shown to be. serious pathogens of juvenile hening. A natural age-related resistance to VHS virus plaque assay and resistance to reinfection with the known minimum lethal dose of virus. survived an initial infection by VHSV developed an acquired immunity detectable by in vitro
\nThree years of consecutive monthly sampling of wild 0-year herring in Puget Sound revealed a VHSV carrier rate below 1%, but that this level of virus shedding was adequate to initiate an epizootic under confined conditions, and probably resulted in infection of free-ranging fish also. Over 50% of the virus was recoverable from seawater after 2 hours, was still detectable after six hours, and survived up to 100 h when ovarian fluid was present in the water.
\nStudies in PWS demonstrated that closed pounds play a role in transmission of VHSV to impounded fish steadily increased with confinement time and viral tissue titers were at very high susceptible fish, resulting in the rapid spread of virus within the pens. Prevalence of VHSV from levels in fish being released after 8 days in captivity. Viable virus was also recovered from the water inside and outside the net pens at levels adequate to initiate an epizootic in susceptible fish. of herring and that vitro culture was the most sensitive method for detecting it.
\nStudies on Ichthyophonus hoferi demonstrated that the organism is a potential serious pathogen
\nNo evidence for increased susceptibility, mortality or loss of disease resistance was observed in wild or laboratory-reared herring exposed to oil or synthetic corticosteroids, either prior to or following exposure to VHSV.
","largerWorkTitle":"Investigations of disease factors affecting declines of Pacific herring populations in Prince William Sound","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Habitat and Restoration Division","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","collaboration":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Annual Report, Restoration Project No. 97162","usgsCitation":"Kocan, R.M., Hershberger, P., and Winton, J., 1999, Controlled field and laboratory studies on VHS and Ichtyophonus in Pacific herring: Section II in Investigations of disease factors affecting declines of Pacific herring populations in Prince William Sound, 73 p.","productDescription":"73 p.","startPage":"II-1","endPage":"II-73","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316874,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.evostc.state.ak.us/index.cfm?FA=searchResults.projectInfo&Project_ID=1137","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bb1bbfe4b08d617f654dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocan, Richard M.","contributorId":17149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":598614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul K. phershberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul K.","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":598615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winton, James R. jwinton@usgs.gov","contributorId":150220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James R.","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":598616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039395,"text":"70039395 - 1999 - The U.S. Geological Survey Strategic Plan 1999-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T09:19:06","indexId":"70039395","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-16T11:04:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Strategic Plan 1999-2009","docAbstract":"This new version of the USGS Strategic Plan builds on our first strategic plan, which was developed in 1996, and focuses specifically on strategic goals in four areas: customers, programs, people, and operations of the USGS.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039395","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, The U.S. Geological Survey Strategic Plan 1999-2009: General Information Product, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039395.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039395/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":261536,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039395/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba938e4b08c986b32210b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79806,"text":"ofr99240 - 1999 - Assessing biological effects from highway-runoff constituents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:25:45","indexId":"ofr99240","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-240","title":"Assessing biological effects from highway-runoff constituents","docAbstract":"Increased emphasis on evaluation of nonpoint-source pollution has intensified the need for techniques that can be used to discern the toxicological effects of complex chemical mixtures. In response, the use of biological assessment techniques is receiving increased regulatory emphasis. When applied with documented habitat assessment and chemical analysis, these techniques can increase our understanding of the influence of environmental contaminants on the biological integrity and ecological function of aquatic communities.
The contaminants of greatest potential concern in highway runoff are those that arise from highway construction, maintenance, and use. The major contaminants of interest are deicers; nutrients; metals; petroleum-related organic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE); sediment washed off the road surface; and agricultural chemicals used in highway maintenance.
Hundreds, if not thousands, of biological endpoints (measurable responses of living organisms) may be either directly or associatively affected by contaminant exposure. Measurable effects can occur throughout ecosystem processes across the wide range of biological complexity, ranging from responses at the biochemical level to the community level.
The challenge to the environmental scientist is to develop an understanding of the relationship of effects at various levels of biological organization in order to determine whether a causal relationship exists between chemical exposure and substantial ecological impairment. This report provides a brief history of the evolution of biological assessment techniques, a description of the major classes of contaminants that are of particular interest in highway runoff, an overview of representative biological assessment techniques, and a discussion of data-quality considerations.
Published reports with a focus on the effects of highway runoff on the local ecosystem were reviewed to provide information on (1) the suitability of the existing data for a quantitative national synthesis, (2) the methods available to study the effects of highway runoff on local ecosystems, and (3) the potential for adverse effects on the roadside environment and receiving waters. Although many biological studies have been done, the use of different methods and a general lack of sufficient documentation precludes a quantitative national synthesis on the basis of the existing data. The Federal Highway Administration, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality, and the National Resources Conservation Service all have developed and documented methods for assessing the effects of contaminants on ecosystems in receiving waters. These published methods can be used to formulate a set of protocols to provide consistent information from highway-runoff studies.
Review of the literature indicates (qualitatively) that highway runoff (even from highways with high traffic volume) may not usually be acutely toxic. Tissue analysis and community assessments, however, indicate effects from highway- runoff sediments near discharge points (even from sites near highways with relatively low traffic volumes). At many sites, elevated concentrations of highway-runoff constituents were measured in tissues of species associated with aquatic sediments. Community assessments also indicate decreases in the diversity and productivity of aquatic ecosystems at some sites receiving highway runoff. These results are not definitive, however, and depend on many site-specific criteria that were not sufficiently documented in most of the studies reviewed.
We measured mature tree and sapling density, tree associations, crown size, age structure, recovery from ungulate browsing, and grass cover at four study sites in two types of subalpine woodland on Mauna Kea volcano, island of Hawaii. Beginning in 1981, introduced ungulates were reduced in number to allow regeneration of Sophora chrysophylla (mamane) in habitat supporting the endangered Hawaiian finch, Loxioides bailleui (palila). We found Sophora regeneration at all four study sites, but regeneration was higher in mixed species woodland with codominant Myoporum sandwicense (naio) than in areas where Sophora dominated. Regeneration of Myoporum was uniformly very low in comparison. Invasive grass cover, which suppresses Sophora germination, was highest in mid-elevation woodland where Sophora dominated. The distribution of mature and sapling Sophora were both related to study site, reflecting previous ungulate browsing and uneven recovery due to grasses. Densities of Sophora snags were not different among any of the sites, suggesting a more even distribution in the past. Selective browsing before ungulate reduction may have favored Myoporum over Sophora, leading to high densities of mature Myoporum in codominant woodland. After ungulate reduction, however, we found no pattern of competitive inhibition by Myoporum on regeneration of Sophora. Reduction of Myoporum is not likely to enhance habitat for Loxioides as much as supplemental planting of Sophora, grass control, and continued ungulate eradication. Mid-elevation Sophora woodland areas, where Loxioides forage and nest in high densities, would benefit the most from these management actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for Tropical Biology","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1111/j.1744-7429.1999.tb00133.x","usgsCitation":"Hess, S., Banko, P.C., Brenner, G.J., and Jacobi, J.D., 1999, Factors related to the recovery of subalpine woodland on Mauna Kea, Hawaii: Biotropica, v. 31, no. 2, p. 212-219, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.1999.tb00133.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"219","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.0665283203125,\n 19.74085399284272\n ],\n [\n -155.0665283203125,\n 19.82097398030796\n ],\n [\n -155.0665283203125,\n 19.913965885756145\n ],\n [\n -155.54443359374997,\n 20.156519924907382\n ],\n [\n -155.58563232421875,\n 20.148784632164155\n ],\n [\n -155.74768066406247,\n 20.262197124246534\n ],\n [\n -155.89874267578125,\n 20.29311344754411\n ],\n [\n -155.93994140625,\n 20.21581109239457\n ],\n [\n -155.87127685546872,\n 20.00690314683048\n ],\n [\n -155.98388671875,\n 19.89330573274471\n ],\n [\n -156.10198974609375,\n 19.769288277210887\n ],\n [\n -156.060791015625,\n 19.601194161263145\n ],\n [\n -155.9454345703125,\n 19.32410309199337\n ],\n [\n -155.9783935546875,\n 19.043945074620254\n ],\n [\n -155.76690673828125,\n 18.906286495910905\n ],\n [\n -155.65429687499997,\n 18.87770161759978\n ],\n [\n -155.51422119140625,\n 19.05173366503917\n ],\n [\n -155.34118652343747,\n 19.194459565404916\n ],\n [\n -155.23956298828125,\n 19.22039646558873\n ],\n [\n -154.99786376953125,\n 19.290405639497994\n ],\n [\n -154.85504150390625,\n 19.396658607621543\n ],\n [\n -154.77813720703125,\n 19.528730138897632\n ],\n [\n -154.86053466796875,\n 19.60895623060675\n ],\n [\n -154.9456787109375,\n 19.645174265699062\n ],\n [\n -154.94293212890625,\n 19.71241464369998\n ],\n [\n -154.97039794921875,\n 19.746024239625427\n ],\n [\n -155.0555419921875,\n 19.735683578629445\n ],\n [\n -155.0665283203125,\n 19.74085399284272\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2ce4b0dee4cc90cbd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, Steven C.","contributorId":74462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Steven C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenner, Gregory J.","contributorId":176669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenner","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacobi, James D. 0000-0003-2313-7862 jjacobi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-7862","contributorId":3705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"James","email":"jjacobi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25101,"text":"fs05099 - 1999 - West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"fs05099","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"050-99","title":"West Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs05099","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 050-99, [4] p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05099.","productDescription":"[4] p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_050_99.bmp"},{"id":1814,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/fs-050-99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb569","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29599,"text":"wri994208A - 1999 - Status of Water Levels in Aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand of Southwestern and Northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of Southwestern Arkansas, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri994208A","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4208","chapter":"A","title":"Status of Water Levels in Aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand of Southwestern and Northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of Southwestern Arkansas, 1999","docAbstract":"Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation aquifers in southwestern Arkansas and the Nacatoch Sand aquifer in northeastern Arkansas are a source of water for industrial, public supply, domestic, and agricultural uses. Potentiometric-surface maps were constructed from water-level measurements made in 59 wells completed in the Nacatoch Sand and 45 wells completed in the Tokio Formation from April through May 1999.\r\n\r\nThe direction of ground-water flow in the aquifer in the Nacatoch Sand in northeastern Arkansas generally is towards the southeast. The potentiometric high is located along the north and northwestern boundaries.\r\n\r\nThe direction of ground-water flow in the aquifer in the Nacatoch Sand in southwestern Arkansas is towards the south-southeast in Little River, Miller, and Hempstead Counties and to the east-southeast in Nevada and Clark Counties. The potentiometric high is located within the outcrop area in north-central Hempstead County. A cone of depression exists in the aquifer in the Nacatoch Sand at Hope in southeastern Hempstead County.\r\n\r\nThe direction of ground-water flow in the aquifer in the Yokio Formation in southwestern Arkansas generally is towards the southeast. The potentiometric high is within the outcrop area. An area of artesian flow exists in southeastern Pike, northeastern Hempstead, and northwestern Nevada Counties. One apparent cone of depression might exist northwest of Hope in Hempstead County.\r\n\r\nIn northeastern Arkansas, withdrawals from the Nacatoch Sand increased by 736 percent from 1965 to 1995. In southwestern Arkansas withdrawals from aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Yokio Formation increased by 125 percent and 201 percent, respectively, from 1965 to 1980 and decreased by 78 percent and 63 percent, respectively, from 1980 to 1995. Long-term hydrographs were prepared for 13 wells in the study area. Changes in water levels in some wells may be associated with changes in withdrawals from the respective aquifers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri994208A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission and the Arkansas Geological Commission","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T.P., 1999, Status of Water Levels in Aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand of Southwestern and Northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of Southwestern Arkansas, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4208, iii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994208A.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4208a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58424,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4208a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, Tony P. tpschrad@usgs.gov","contributorId":3027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Tony","email":"tpschrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50291,"text":"ofr99320 - 1999 - High-resolution seismic reflection/refraction imaging from Interstate 10 to Cherry Valley Boulevard, Cherry Valley, Riverside County, California: Implications for water resources and earthquake hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-13T20:09:19.622281","indexId":"ofr99320","displayToPublicDate":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-320","title":"High-resolution seismic reflection/refraction imaging from Interstate 10 to Cherry Valley Boulevard, Cherry Valley, Riverside County, California: Implications for water resources and earthquake hazards","docAbstract":"This report is the second of two reports on seismic imaging investigations conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) during the summers of 1997 and 1998 in the Cherry Valley area in California (Figure 1a). In the first report (Catchings et al., 1999), data and interpretations were presented for four seismic imaging profiles (CV-1, CV-2, CV-3, and CV-4) acquired during the summer of 1997 . In this report, we present data and interpretations for three additional profiles (CV-5, CV-6, and CV-7) acquired during the summer of 1998 and the combined seismic images for all seven profiles. This report addresses both groundwater resources and earthquake hazards in the San Gorgonio Pass area because the shallow (upper few hundred meters) subsurface stratigraphy and structure affect both issues.\n\nThe cities of Cherry Valley and Beaumont are located approximately 130 km (~80 miles) east of Los Angeles, California along the southern alluvial fan of the San Bernardino Mountains (see Figure 1b). These cities are two of several small cities that are located within San Gorgonio Pass, a lower-lying area between the San Bernardino and the San Jacinto Mountains. Cherry Valley and Beaumont are desert cities with summer daytime temperatures often well above 100 o F. High water usage in the arid climate taxes the available groundwater supply in the region, increasing the need for efficient management of the groundwater resources. The USGS and the San Gorgonio Water District (SGWD) work cooperatively to evaluate the quantity and quality of groundwater supply in the San Gorgonio Pass region. To better manage the water supplies within the District during wet and dry periods, the SGWD sought to develop a groundwater recharge program, whereby, excess water would be stored in underground aquifers during wet periods (principally winter months) and retrieved during dry periods (principally summer months). The SGWD preferred a surface recharge approach because it could be less expensive than a recharging program based on injection wells. However, at an existing surface recharge site, surface recharge of the aquifer was limited by the presence of clayrich layers that impede the downward percolation of the surface water. In boreholes, these clay-rich layers were found to extend from the near surface to about 50 m depth. If practical, the SGWD desired to relocate the recharge ponds to another location within the Cherry Valley–Beaumont area. This required that sites be found where the clay-rich layers were absent. The SGWD elected to explore for such sites by employing a combination of drilling and seismic techniques.\n\nA number of near-surface faults have been suggested in the Cherry Valley-Beaumont area (Figure 1b). However, there may be additional unmapped faults that underlie the alluvial valley of San Gorgonio Pass. Because faults are known to act as barriers to lateral groundwater flow in alluvial groundwater systems, mapped and unmapped subsurface faults in the Cherry Valley-Beaumont area would likely influence groundwater flow and the lateral distribution of recharged water. These same faults may pose a significant hazard to the local desert communities and to greater areas of southern California due to the presence of lifelines (water, electrical, gas, transportation, etc.) that extend through San Gorgonio Pass to larger urban areas.\n\nThe three principal goals of the seismic investigation presented in this report were to laterally map the subsurface stratigraphic horizons, locate faults that may act as barriers to groundwater flow, and measure velocities of shallow sediments that may give rise to amplified shaking during major earthquakes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99320","usgsCitation":"Gandhok, G., Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R., Horta, E., Rymer, M.J., Martin, P., and Christensen, A., 1999, High-resolution seismic reflection/refraction imaging from Interstate 10 to Cherry Valley Boulevard, Cherry Valley, Riverside County, California: Implications for water resources and earthquake hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-320, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99320.","productDescription":"33 p.","numberOfPages":"58","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99320.jpg"},{"id":406638,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42709.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284898,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0320/pdf/of99-320.pdf"},{"id":4110,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0320/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Cherry Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 33.939\n ],\n [\n -116.958,\n 33.939\n ],\n [\n -116.958,\n 33.986\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 33.986\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 33.939\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6091e4b0b290850fcff7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gandhok, G.","contributorId":47423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandhok","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, M. R.","contributorId":106934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horta, E.","contributorId":91908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horta","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rymer, M. J.","contributorId":90694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martin, P.","contributorId":24398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Christensen, A.","contributorId":66310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":24535,"text":"ofr96633 - 1999 - Channel and Drainage-Basin Response of the Toutle River System in the Aftermath of the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:05","indexId":"ofr96633","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-633","title":"Channel and Drainage-Basin Response of the Toutle River System in the Aftermath of the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Distribution [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96633","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Simon, A., 1999, Channel and Drainage-Basin Response of the Toutle River System in the Aftermath of the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-633, 130 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96633.","productDescription":"130 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0633/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53584,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0633/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, Andrew","contributorId":78334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22802,"text":"ofr98427 - 1999 - Digital sidescan-sonar imagery of the Manchas Interiores-Manchas Exteriores coral reef complex, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-10T18:46:06.158248","indexId":"ofr98427","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-427","title":"Digital sidescan-sonar imagery of the Manchas Interiores-Manchas Exteriores coral reef complex, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98427","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Cross, V., and Schwab, W.C., 1999, Digital sidescan-sonar imagery of the Manchas Interiores-Manchas Exteriores coral reef complex, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-427, HTML Document: CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98427.","productDescription":"HTML Document: CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1542,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-427/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333316,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0427/ofr98427.zip","text":"Disc","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":389036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22667.htm"},{"id":155704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Manchas Interiors - Manchas Exteriores coal reef complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.23838806152344,\n 18.19412983463666\n ],\n [\n -67.17933654785156,\n 18.19412983463666\n ],\n [\n -67.17933654785156,\n 18.2743462162743\n ],\n [\n -67.23838806152344,\n 18.2743462162743\n ],\n [\n -67.23838806152344,\n 18.19412983463666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a6a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, VeeAnn","contributorId":54237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"VeeAnn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22567,"text":"ofr99208 - 1999 - Fish-community composition in Cowanesque River upstream and downstream of the Cowanesque Dam, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T10:54:29","indexId":"ofr99208","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-208","title":"Fish-community composition in Cowanesque River upstream and downstream of the Cowanesque Dam, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 1998","docAbstract":"Between February 1997 and September 1997, 10 monitor wells were drilled near the site of the\r\nformer Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster, Bucks County, Pa., to monitor water levels and sample\r\nground-water contaminants in the shallow, intermediate, and deep water-bearing zones. The\r\nsampling will determine the horizontal and vertical distribution of contaminated ground water\r\nmigrating from known or suspected contaminant sources. Four wells were drilled north of the\r\nproperty adjacent to Area A, three wells along strike located on Lewis Drive, and three wells directly\r\ndown dip on Ivyland Road. Well depths range from 69 feet to 300 feet below land surface.\r\nBorehole-geophysical logging and television surveys were used to identify water-bearing zones so\r\nthat appropriate intervals could be screened in each monitor well. Geophysical logs were obtained at\r\nthe 10 monitor wells. Borehole television surveys were obtained at the four monitor wells adjacent to\r\nArea A.\r\nCaliper and borehole television surveys were used to locate fractures, inflections on fluidtemperature\r\nand fluid-resistivity logs were used to locate possible water-bearing fractures, and heatpulse-\r\nflowmeter measurements verified these locations. Natural-gamma logs provided information on\r\nstratigraphy. After interpretation of geophysical logs, borehole television surveys, and driller?s logs,\r\nall wells were screened such that water-level fluctuations could be monitored and water samples\r\ncollected from discrete water-bearing zones in each borehole.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99208","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brightbill, R.A., and Bilger, M.D., 1999, Fish-community composition in Cowanesque River upstream and downstream of the Cowanesque Dam, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-208, 15 leaves :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99208.","productDescription":"15 leaves :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0208/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52050,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0208/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr98-86.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef4be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brightbill, Robin A. 0000-0003-4683-9656 rabright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-9656","contributorId":618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","email":"rabright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bilger, Michael D.","contributorId":13589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22568,"text":"ofr99210 - 1999 - Fish-community composition in Mill Creek, Crooked Creek, and Tioga River in the vicinity of Tioga-Hammond Dams, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:57","indexId":"ofr99210","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-210","title":"Fish-community composition in Mill Creek, Crooked Creek, and Tioga River in the vicinity of Tioga-Hammond Dams, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 1998","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr99210","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brightbill, R.A., and Bilger, M.D., 1999, Fish-community composition in Mill Creek, Crooked Creek, and Tioga River in the vicinity of Tioga-Hammond Dams, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-210, iv, 21 leaves :col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99210.","productDescription":"iv, 21 leaves :col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0210/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52051,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef4de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brightbill, Robin A. 0000-0003-4683-9656 rabright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-9656","contributorId":618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","email":"rabright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bilger, Michael D.","contributorId":13589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22478,"text":"ofr99195 - 1999 - Summary of water-quality data for City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells, 1988-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:08","indexId":"ofr99195","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-195","title":"Summary of water-quality data for City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells, 1988-97","docAbstract":"The City of Albuquerque has collected and analyzed more than 5,000 \r\nwater-quality samples from 113 water-supply wells in the Albuquerque \r\narea, including many drinking-water supply wells, since May of 1988. \r\nAs a result, a large water-quality data base has been compiled that \r\nincludes data for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, carbon, \r\nvolatile organic compounds, radiological constituents, and bacteria. \r\nThese data are intended to improve the understanding and management of \r\nthe ground-water resources of the region, rather than demonstrate \r\ncompliance with Federal and State drinking-water standards. This \r\nreport gives summary statistics for selected physical properties \r\nand chemical constituents for ground water from wells used by the \r\nCity of Albuquerque for drinking-water supply between 1988 and 1997. \r\nMaps are provided to show the general spatial distribution of selected \r\nparameters and water types around the region. Although the values of \r\nsome parameters vary substantially across the city, median values for \r\nall parameters included in this report are less than their respective \r\nmaximum contaminant levels in each drinking-water supply well. The \r\ndominant water types are sodium plus potassium / carbonate plus bicarbonate \r\nin the western part of the city and calcium / carbonate plus bicarbonate \r\nin the eastern part of the city.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr99195","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., Lindberg, W., and Anderholm, S.K., 1999, Summary of water-quality data for City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells, 1988-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-195, vi, 138 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99195.","productDescription":"vi, 138 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0195/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51995,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0195/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51996,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697dee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, William E.","contributorId":27091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"William E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":94270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23543,"text":"ofr99232 - 1999 - Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23543,"text":"ofr99232 - 1999 - Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","indexId":"ofr99232","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2020,"text":"wsp2465C - 1999 - Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","indexId":"wsp2465C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2020,"text":"wsp2465C - 1999 - Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","indexId":"wsp2465C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-26T22:33:58.011948","indexId":"ofr99232","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-232","title":"Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","docAbstract":"In the 1980s significant nutrient-related water-quality problems that impacted beneficial uses were identified in the Tualatin River during the low-flow summer months, defined as .May 1 to October 31. Unsightly algal blooms resulted in fluctuations in oxygen concentrations and pH conditions; reduction of phosphorus concentrations was determined to the effective control mechanism for these conditions. Elevated ammonia concentrations also contributed to low oxygen concentrations. Because standards for beneficial uses were not being met, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality established Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for phosphorus and ammonia in the Tualatin Basin, as required by the Clean Water Act. To provide necessary context for the TMDL process, data were collected during the period 1991-93 to characterize the sources and transport of water, phosphorus, and major forms of nitrogen in the main-stem Tualatin River during the summer. A significant source of water to the river was not accounted for by surface-water inputs, and was consistent with direct discharge of ground water to the main-stem river channel. Ground water is also the primary source of water for the tributaries during the summer low-flow season. Because large natural supplies of highly mobile phosphorus exist in the upper 500 feet of valley-fill sediments throughout the Tualatin Basin, ground water in the basin is naturally enriched with phosphorus. While improvement in wastewater treatment efficiencies and land management practices have resulted in significant reductions in nutrient concentrations in the Tualatin River, phosphorus concentrations continue to exceed TMDL criterion concentrations. The presence of significant geologic sources of phosphorus in the basin will confound the achievement of current TMDL criteria for phosphorus in the Tualatin River and its tributaries. In contrast, natural sources of all forms of nitrogen to the Tualatin River are insignificant relative to the effluent from the wastewater treatment plants in the basin. Efficient wastewater treatment is, therefore, an effective means for controlling ammonia concentrations in the main-stem river.
Town Lake, the last in the chain of Highland Lakes on the Colorado River, runs through the center of Austin, Texas. On any given day, grebes and coots dot the water, rowers skim alongside, and the sparkle of the sun on the water can be admired from the adjacent hike and bike path and from the windows of nearby office buildings. During the summer months, crowds gather along the shores of Town Lake to watch as many as 1 million Mexican Free-Tail bats emerge from under the Congress Avenue bridge. But below the lazily moving azure water lies a bed of sediment about 1 meter (m) thick?sediment that has been deposited gradually since the reservoir was formed in 1959 and that has been recording changes in water quality since that time. What can this sediment tell us about the history of water quality in the Colorado River? And what does it say about the effects of the rapid urbanization of Austin and the future health of our environment?
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs18399","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., and Mahler, B., 1999, Town Lake bottom sediments : a chronicle of water quality changes in Austin, Texas, 1960-98: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 183-99, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs18399.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_183_99.bmp"},{"id":327826,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-183-99/pfd/FS_183-99.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":701,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-183-99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69922f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":64634,"text":"i2692 - 1999 - Sidescan sonar image, surficial geologic interpretation, and bathymetry of the Long Island Sound sea floor off Roanoke Point, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T16:04:56.792019","indexId":"i2692","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2692","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Sidescan sonar image, surficial geologic interpretation, and bathymetry of the Long Island Sound sea floor off Roanoke Point, New York","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2692","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Lewis, R.S., Knebel, H., Persaud, M., Denny, J.F., Parolski, K.F., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M., 1999, Sidescan sonar image, surficial geologic interpretation, and bathymetry of the Long Island Sound sea floor off Roanoke Point, New York: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2692, Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 54.00 × 40.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2692.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 54.00 × 40.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408752,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26883.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":91416,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2692/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91415,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2692/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":187105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2692/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"20000","country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.733,\n 40.983\n ],\n [\n -72.733,\n 41.0123\n ],\n [\n -72.633,\n 41.0123\n ],\n [\n -72.633,\n 40.983\n ],\n [\n -72.733,\n 40.983\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3da5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":271853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, R. S.","contributorId":19951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Persaud, Mohabir","contributorId":13486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persaud","given":"Mohabir","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Denny, J. F.","contributorId":13653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parolski, K. F.","contributorId":99173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parolski","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DiGiacomo-Cohen, M. L.","contributorId":55465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo-Cohen","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":6678,"text":"fs11198 - 1999 - The National Flood-Frequency Program--methods for estimating flood magnitude and frequency in rural areas in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:46","indexId":"fs11198","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"111-98","title":"The National Flood-Frequency Program--methods for estimating flood magnitude and frequency in rural areas in Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs11198","usgsCitation":"Mason, King, J.N., and Thomas, W.O., 1999, The National Flood-Frequency Program--methods for estimating flood magnitude and frequency in rural areas in Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 111-98, 4 p. : map ; 28 cm. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11198.","productDescription":"4 p. : map ; 28 cm. map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_111_98.jpg"},{"id":740,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/fs-111-98/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b0a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, Jr. 0000-0002-3998-3468 rrmason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-3468","contributorId":2090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rrmason@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Jeffrey N. jking@usgs.gov","contributorId":10783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Wilbert O. Jr.","contributorId":35300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Wilbert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":67298,"text":"i2708 - 1999 - Sun-Illuminated Sea Floor Topography of Quadrangle 8 in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Off Boston, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:10","indexId":"i2708","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2708","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Sun-Illuminated Sea Floor Topography of Quadrangle 8 in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Off Boston, Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/i2708","isbn":"0607939834","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Valentine, P.C., Unger, T.S., and Baker, J.L., 1999, Sun-Illuminated Sea Floor Topography of Quadrangle 8 in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Off Boston, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2708, 1 remote-sensing map ;54 x 63 cm., on sheet 87 x 69 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2708.","productDescription":"1 remote-sensing map ;54 x 63 cm., on sheet 87 x 69 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256323,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2708/plate-1.pdf","size":"11804","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256324,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2708/report.pdf","size":"478","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2708/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"25000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.4,42.333333333333336 ], [ -70.4,42.43333333333333 ], [ -70.23333333333333,42.43333333333333 ], [ -70.23333333333333,42.333333333333336 ], [ -70.4,42.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698624","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":275942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unger, Tanya S.","contributorId":29013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unger","given":"Tanya","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Jessica L.","contributorId":65111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":67297,"text":"i2707 - 1999 - Sun-illuminated sea floor topography of quadrangle 7 in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-10T14:31:36.218855","indexId":"i2707","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2707","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Sun-illuminated sea floor topography of quadrangle 7 in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2707","isbn":"0607939826","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Valentine, P.C., Baker, J.L., and Unger, T.S., 1999, Sun-illuminated sea floor topography of quadrangle 7 in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2707, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 26.40 x 34.26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2707.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 26.40 x 34.26 inches","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256320,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2707/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256321,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2707/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2707/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"25000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.6,42.333333333333336 ], [ -70.6,42.43333333333333 ], [ -70.41666666666667,42.43333333333333 ], [ -70.41666666666667,42.333333333333336 ], [ -70.6,42.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69861f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":275939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Jessica L.","contributorId":65111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unger, Tanya S.","contributorId":29013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unger","given":"Tanya","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":40822,"text":"ofr99362 - 1999 - Preliminary geologic map of the Chugach National Forest special study area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T17:10:59.208352","indexId":"ofr99362","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-362","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Chugach National Forest special study area, Alaska","docAbstract":"In 1990, both the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Mines were contacted by the Chugach National Forest (CNF) for the purpose of providing mineral resource information for the CNF Master Plan during the planning period fiscal years 1991-1994. This information is to address the terms and requirements of the 1986 Settlement Agreement and to provide mineral and geologic information useful to the CNF for making land-use decisions. In early 1992 an Interagency Agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the Chugach National Forest was signed. In this agreement the U.S. Geological Survey is to provide a report which estimates the undiscovered mineral endowments of the 'special' study area and to identify the potential for mineral discovery and development. The U.S. Bureau of Mines was to prepare a report updating the discovered mineral endowment of the Special Study Area. These reports are now published (Roe and Balen, 1994; Nelson and others, 1994). This geologic map is a component of the U.S. Geological Survey contribution to the overall project.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99362","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the Chugach National Forest","usgsCitation":"Nelson, S.W., Miller, M.L., Haeussler, P.J., Snee, L., Philips, P.J., and Huber, C., 1999, Preliminary geologic map of the Chugach National Forest special study area, Alaska (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-362, Report: HTML Document; 1 Plate: 45.00 x 33.75 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99362.","productDescription":"Report: HTML Document; 1 Plate: 45.00 x 33.75 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3683,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0362/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99362.gif"},{"id":397966,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22601.htm"},{"id":284907,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0362/intro.html"},{"id":109854,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0362/pdf/of99-362.pdf","description":"22601"}],"scale":"63360","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chugach National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.5,\n 60.916667\n ],\n [\n -147.5,\n 61.083333\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 61.083333\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 60.916667\n ],\n [\n -147.5,\n 60.916667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6cefe4b0b29085104dd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Steven W.","contributorId":74024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snee, Lawrence W.","contributorId":81534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"Lawrence W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Philips, Patti J.","contributorId":25631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philips","given":"Patti","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huber, Carol","contributorId":18053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5223928,"text":"5223928 - 1999 - Assessing trail conditions in protected areas: Application of a problem-assessment method in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T16:37:34.252582","indexId":"5223928","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-10T12:18:55","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1531,"text":"Environmental Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing trail conditions in protected areas: Application of a problem-assessment method in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA","docAbstract":"The degradation of trail resources associated with expanding recreation and tourism visitation is a growing management problem in protected areas worldwide. In order to make judicious trail and visitor management decisions, protected area managers need objective and timely information on trail resource conditions. This paper introduces a trail survey method that efficiently characterizes the location and lineal extent of common trail problems. The method was applied to a large sample of trails within Great Smoky Mountains National Park, a high-use protected area in the USA. The Trail Problem-Assessment Method (TPAM) employs a continuous search for multiple indicators of pre-defined tread problems, yielding census data documenting the location, occurrence and extent of each problem. The present application employed 23 different indicators in three categories to gather inventory, resource condition, and design and maintenance data of each surveyed trail. Seventy-two backcountry hiking trails (528 km), or 35% of the Park's total trail length, were surveyed. Soil erosion and wet soil were found to be the two most common impacts on a lineal extent basis. Trails with serious tread problems were well distributed throughout the Park, although trails with wet muddy treads tended to be concentrated in areas where horse use was high. The effectiveness of maintenance features installed to divert water from trail treads was also evaluated. Water bars were found to be more effective than drainage dips. The TPAM was able to provide Park managers with objective and quantitative information for use in trail planning, management and maintenance decisions, and is applicable to other protected areas elsewhere with different environmental and impact characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0376892999000399","usgsCitation":"Leung, Y., and Marion, J.L., 1999, Assessing trail conditions in protected areas: Application of a problem-assessment method in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA: Environmental Conservation, v. 26, no. 4, p. 270-279, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892999000399.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479405,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0376892999000399","text":"External Repository"},{"id":200078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.48575575923628,\n 35.44260623108066\n ],\n [\n -83.41544748003105,\n 35.46306074943692\n ],\n [\n -83.19280459588197,\n 35.532567206596084\n ],\n [\n -83.10240823690397,\n 35.551636887867346\n ],\n [\n -83.0505140308243,\n 35.58840132328123\n ],\n [\n -83.03377396434679,\n 35.65235841720056\n ],\n [\n -83.11245227679058,\n 35.78419314979122\n ],\n [\n -83.22126270889368,\n 35.78419314979122\n ],\n [\n -83.3836413537241,\n 35.75159455724028\n ],\n [\n -83.47571171934972,\n 35.723059830663374\n ],\n [\n -83.52258390548653,\n 35.70267162332887\n ],\n [\n -83.6698964904875,\n 35.69723388722129\n ],\n [\n -83.74187877633996,\n 35.65371865062512\n ],\n [\n -83.77535890929495,\n 35.626509581321955\n ],\n [\n -83.83562314861359,\n 35.678198890746614\n ],\n [\n -83.90258341452277,\n 35.659159352674436\n ],\n [\n -83.94108556742104,\n 35.622427421928236\n ],\n [\n -83.96452166048905,\n 35.60337458933542\n ],\n [\n -84.0013498067393,\n 35.555722658190476\n ],\n [\n -83.98628374690983,\n 35.4821469415152\n ],\n [\n -83.95112960730722,\n 35.4985029284545\n ],\n [\n -83.9377375541254,\n 35.47805742461382\n ],\n [\n -83.88919136134095,\n 35.452152320035935\n ],\n [\n -83.84231917520454,\n 35.44533380060521\n ],\n [\n -83.74187877633996,\n 35.43578690291386\n ],\n [\n -83.64646039741909,\n 35.424874776437136\n ],\n [\n -83.5778261248619,\n 35.4235106566677\n ],\n [\n -83.48575575923628,\n 35.44260623108066\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leung, Yu-Fai","contributorId":197451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leung","given":"Yu-Fai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L. 0000-0003-2226-689X jeff_marion@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":3614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff_marion@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33052,"text":"wri994127 - 1999 - Water-level conditions in the upper Cape Fear Aquifer, 1994-98, in parts of Bladen and Robeson counties, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T10:37:28","indexId":"wri994127","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4127","title":"Water-level conditions in the upper Cape Fear Aquifer, 1994-98, in parts of Bladen and Robeson counties, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Water-level measurements were made on a periodic basis from October 1994 through November 1998 in 17 wells that tap the upper Cape Fear aquifer. The approximately 730-square-mile study area in Bladen and Robeson Counties is in the southern Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Water-level declines occurred in the aquifer throughout much of the area as a result of pumping during this period. The greatest decline was about 42 feet in Bladen County.\r\n\r\nWater levels from the wells in the fall of 1998 were used to construct a map of the potentiometric surface of the upper Cape Fear aquifer. This map can be used to infer the direction of ground-water movement in the aquifer. Withdrawals from wells at pumping centers, such as in the Tar Heel and Elizabethtown areas in Bladen County, have caused ground water to flow toward pumped wells, resulting in cones of depression in the potentiometric surface.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri994127","usgsCitation":"Strickland, A., 1999, Water-level conditions in the upper Cape Fear Aquifer, 1994-98, in parts of Bladen and Robeson counties, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4127, 1 over-size sheet. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994127.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet. 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