The Whittier Narrows California earthquake sequence (local magnitude, Ml=5.9 or 1 October, 1987), which caused over $358 million damage, indicates that assessments of earthquake hazards in Los Angeles metropolitan area may be underestimated. the sequence ruptured a previously unidentified thrust fault that may be part of a large system of thrust faults that extends across the entire east-west length of the northern margin of the Los Angeles basin. Peak horizontal accelerations from the main shock, which were measured at ground level and in structures, were as high as 0.6g (where g is acceleration of gravity at sea level) within 50 kilometers of the epicenter
\nThe first thought in the minds of many residents of the city of Whittier when the first shock hit them was \"Is this the big one?\" the San Andreas' once-in-150-years great shaker? It might as well have been for Whittier, which is 20 kilometers east of downtown Los Angeles. The ground shook harder there this month than it will when the big one does strike the distant San Andreas, which lies 50 kilometers on the other side of the mountains. And this was only a moderate, magnitude 6.1 shock. Earthquake of magnitude 7 and large 30 times more powerful, could rupture faults beneath the feet of Angelenos at any time. The loss of life and destruction could exceed that caused by the big one.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kerr, R.A., 1988, What is worse than the “big one”?: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 20, no. 6, p. 213-218.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"218","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Whittier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.02268981933594,\n 34.0079888707242\n ],\n [\n -118.06165695190428,\n 34.003292829485694\n ],\n [\n -118.06491851806639,\n 33.999877363673036\n ],\n [\n -118.04157257080078,\n 33.96770832591751\n ],\n [\n -118.00809860229492,\n 33.94919849708684\n ],\n [\n -117.99488067626953,\n 33.95916582840359\n ],\n [\n -117.98337936401366,\n 33.97397227882432\n ],\n [\n -118.00827026367186,\n 34.00556973039383\n ],\n [\n -118.01633834838866,\n 34.014676723581545\n ],\n [\n -118.02337646484375,\n 34.014676723581545\n ],\n [\n -118.02200317382812,\n 34.009269564176414\n ],\n [\n -118.02268981933594,\n 34.0079888707242\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49dbe4b07ca61bfea622","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerr, R. A.","contributorId":152674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70137558,"text":"70137558 - 1988 - Causes of varied sediment gravity flow types on the Alsek Prodelta, northeast Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-09T08:55:27","indexId":"70137558","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2670,"text":"Marine Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causes of varied sediment gravity flow types on the Alsek Prodelta, northeast Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Slope failures and subsequent mass movements have been identified in Holocene glaciomarine sediment on declivities less than 1.3° on the Alsek prodelta, Gulf of Alaska. Isolated collapse features cover less than 10 percent of a nearshore sand deposit, in water depths less than 40 m. In contrast, sediment gravity flow deposits (disintegrative failures) cover more than 95 percent of a clayey silt deposit that is located in water depths between 35 m and 80 m. The morphology of individual disintegrative failures in the prodelta clayey silt indicates an eastward increase in the internal deformation and downslope translation of the failed sediment mass, the most extreme deformations being relatively large linear depressions up to 6‐m deep, 400‐m wide, and 1800‐m long, extending downslope in the easternmost part of the study area.
\n\n
In‐place cone penetration tests show that the nearshore sand is dense and is probably not highly susceptible to cyclic strength degradation and ultimate slope failure. The isolated collapse features are thought to result from the slope failure of more susceptible clayey silt that underlies the sand, sampled in nearby vibracores.
\n\n
The generation of disintegrative failures on the Alsek prodelta involves a drained conversion of the sediment (pore‐water influx) from an in‐place dense condition (State II) to an expanded condition (State I) during storm‐wave loading. Without this conversion, only nondisintegrative failures, typified by limited internal deformation or minor downslope translation of the failed sediment mass are possible. Higher porosity, underconsolidated, clayey silt of the eastern part of the study area is more susceptible to conversion from State II to State I than is the denser, normally consolidated, clayey silt of the western part of the study area. This trend in the porosity and consolidation state of the sediment is expressed as the eastward increase in the internal deformation and downslope translation of disintegrative failures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10641198809388224","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Lee, H., and Molnia, B.F., 1988, Causes of varied sediment gravity flow types on the Alsek Prodelta, northeast Gulf of Alaska: Marine Geotechnology, v. 7, no. 4, p. 317-342, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641198809388224.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"342","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.4462890625,\n 59.866883195210214\n ],\n [\n -140.2734375,\n 60.6301017662667\n ],\n [\n -136.80175781249997,\n 57.80965135970151\n ],\n [\n -152.8857421875,\n 56.31653672211301\n ],\n [\n -152.4462890625,\n 59.866883195210214\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b4fe4b08de9379b330f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molnia, Bruce F. bmolnia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Bruce","email":"bmolnia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014817,"text":"70014817 - 1988 - The mechanics and three-dimensional internal structure of active magmatic systems: Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:53:03.963401","indexId":"70014817","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mechanics and three-dimensional internal structure of active magmatic systems: Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Interpretation of abundant seismic data suggests that Kilauea's primary conduit within the upper mantle is concentrically zoned to about 34-km depth. This zoned structure is inferred to contain a central core region of relatively higher permeability, surrounded by numerous dikes that are in intermittent hydraulic communication with each other and with the central core. During periods of relatively high magma transport, the entire cross section of the conduit is utilized. During periods of relatively low to moderate transport, however, only the central core is active. As the conduit penetrates the oceanic crust and enters the volcanic shield, it simultaneously supplies the deeper sections of the rift zones (6-to 10-km depth) and the roots of the summit reservoir with picritic magma. The rift zones at depth are inferred to be almost wholly molten and to possess a high degree of fluid continuity from Heiheiahulu in the East Rift Zone, 45 km westward through the roots of the summit magma reservoir, and well into the Southwest Rift Zone. Higher in the shield, the subcaldera magma reservoir and the shallow rift zones occupy the 2-to 4-km depth interval. Summit-differentiated olivine tholeiite (ρ ≈ 2.62 g cm−3) is periodically injected laterally along a horizon of neutral buoyancy within the rift zones, where the density of the magma is just balanced by the in situ density of the shield (Ryan, 1987a, b). Deep rift zone intrusions push seaward the deep tectonic blocks of the volcano's south flank. Shallow rift intrusions build a sheeted dike complex, inferred to be in isostatic equilibrium with the higher-density deep rift cores below. General finite element analyses are presented for the deformation and stress fields surrounding such dikes in the horizontal and vertical planes. The dike tip in two and three dimensions is surrounded by a tubular core of tensile (σ1, σ2) and shear stress (τmax). The displacement field is characterized by counterrotating cells on either side of the dike tip which, in vertical orientation, produce the characteristic subsidence above the dike complex, with uplift on either side, forming a ridge-trough-ridge structure. A finite element model of Kilauea's shield computes the displacement fields and principal stress (σ1) distributions resulting from intrusive activity on each or both of the rift zones. Within the summit region, tensile stress lobes produced by the three-dimensional upward extension of the intrusions superpose constructively to produce calderawide regimes of tensile stress, conducive to caldera development. Parametric studies of (1) intrusion in the East Rift Zone only, (2) intrusion in the Southwest Rift Zone only, and (3) intrusion in both rift zones demonstrate their unique kinematic contributions. For case 1, the caldera undergoes a counterclockwise rotation (torque up state) conducive to the development of rightstepping en echelon eruptive fissures, as exemplified by the August 14, 1971, eruption. For case 2, the caldera undergoes a clockwise rotation (torque down state) conducive to the development of left-stepping eruptive fissures, as occurred during the December 31, 1974, eruption. For case 3, the caldera substructure is driven due southward, producing the southward migration of the upper portions of the summit magma reservoir.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB05p04213","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ryan, M., 1988, The mechanics and three-dimensional internal structure of active magmatic systems: Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B5, p. 4213-4248, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04213.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"4213","endPage":"4248","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badc3e4b08c986b323dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, M.P.","contributorId":30754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014760,"text":"70014760 - 1988 - The northeastern Ohio earthquake of 31 January 1986: Was it induced?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:54:55.974177","indexId":"70014760","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The northeastern Ohio earthquake of 31 January 1986: Was it induced?","docAbstract":"On 31 January 1986, at 11:46 EST, an earthquake of mb = 5.0 occurred about 40 km east of Cleveland, Ohio, and about 17 km south of the Perry Nuclear Power Plant. The earthquake was felt over a broad area, including 11 states, the District of Columbia, and parts of Ontario, Canada, caused intensity VI-VII at distances of 15 km, and generated relatively high accelerations (0.18 g) of short duration at the Perry plant. Thirteen aftershocks were detected as of 15 April, with six occurring within the first 8 days. Two of the aftershocks were felt. Magnitudes for the aftershocks ranged from about 0.5 to 2.5. Focal depths for all of the earthquakes ranged from 2 to 6 km. Except for one small earthquake, all of the aftershocks occurred in a very tight cluster with a north-northeast orientation. Focal mechanisms of the aftershocks exhibit predominantly oblique right-slip motion on nearly vertical nodal planes oriented N15° to 45°E, with a nearly horizontal P axis north of east.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780010188","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, C., Roeloffs, E., and Wesson, R.L., 1988, The northeastern Ohio earthquake of 31 January 1986: Was it induced?: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 1, p. 188-217, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780010188.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225398,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":422212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/78/1/188/102303/The-northeastern-Ohio-earthquake-of-31-January"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.61150833824179,\n 41.988098644388344\n ],\n [\n -82.61150833824179,\n 40.99235950994091\n ],\n [\n -80.86468216636675,\n 40.99235950994091\n ],\n [\n -80.86468216636675,\n 41.988098644388344\n ],\n [\n -82.61150833824179,\n 41.988098644388344\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae25e4b08c986b323f2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, C.","contributorId":39118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roeloffs, E.","contributorId":21680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014734,"text":"70014734 - 1988 - Geometry of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath Washington and northern Oregon from seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T23:58:45.533549","indexId":"70014734","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometry of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath Washington and northern Oregon from seismicity","docAbstract":"Earthquake hypocenters within the subducting Juan de Fuca plate beneath Washington and northern Oregon are interpreted as showing that the direction of plate dip changes from northeast beneath the Puget Sound region to east-southeast beneath southwestern Washington. The shallowest hypocenters within the Juan de Fuca plate are between 30- to 40-km depth, and the distribution of these events strikes north-northeast from near the mouth of the Columbia River to the northern Olympic Mountains. The distribution of hypocenters between 40 to 50 km generally strikes parallel with the shallowest events, but shows a significant broadening beneath the eastern Olympic Mountains and Puget Sound. Events with depths greater than 50 km south of the 1965 Seattle earthquake (mb = 6.5) strike north-northeast, approximately parallel with the shallower distributions; however, north of this event, the distribution of these deeper hypocenters strikes northwest. This change in the distribution of earthquake hypocenters reflects an upward arching of the Juan de Fuca plate plate beneath Puget Sound compared with the depth of the plate beneath southwestern Washington. The T axis calculated for the 1949 South Puget Sound earthquake (MS = 7.1) is oriented to the southeast, and the 20° plunge of the T axis is in good agreement with the plate dip angle determined from the earthquake hypocenters. We conclude that the 1949 earthquake resulted at least in part from down-dip tensional forces within the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. One consequence of the change in the direction of plate dip is that volcanic front in Washington is everywhere perpendicular to the dip of the Juan de Fuca plate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780010264","usgsCitation":"Weaver, C., and Baker, G., 1988, Geometry of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath Washington and northern Oregon from seismicity: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 1, p. 264-275, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780010264.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.57431348966908,\n 50.332968063146296\n ],\n [\n -126.57431348966908,\n 42.70034938825228\n ],\n [\n -116.15927442716894,\n 42.70034938825228\n ],\n [\n -116.15927442716894,\n 50.332968063146296\n ],\n [\n -126.57431348966908,\n 50.332968063146296\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2770e4b0c8380cd598b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, G.E.","contributorId":90744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014710,"text":"70014710 - 1988 - Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014710","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2742,"text":"Mikrochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite","docAbstract":"The variation in relative elemental concentrations among a series of coal macerals belonging to the vitrinite maceral group was determined using laser micro mass spectrometry (LAMMS). Variations in Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V concentrations among the coals were determined using the LAMM A-1000 instrument. LAMMS analysis is not limited to these elements; their selection illustrates the application of the technique. Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V have minimal site-to-site variance in the vitrinite macerals of the studied coals as measured by LAMMS. The LAMMS data were compared with bulk elemental data obtained by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and D. C. arc optical emission spectroscopy (DCAS) in order to determine the reliability of the LAMMS data. The complex nature of the ionization phenomena in LAMMS and the lack of standards characterized on a microscale makes obtaining quantitative elemental data within the ionization microvolume difficult; however, we demonstrate that the relative variation of an element among vitrinites from different coal beds in the eastern United States can be observed using LAMMS in a \"bulk\" mode by accumulating signal intensities over several microareas of each vitrinite. Our studies indicate gross changes (greater than a factor of 2 to 5 depending on the element) can be monitored when the elemental concentration is significantly above the detection limit. \"Bulk\" mode analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of future elemental LAMMS microanalyses. The primary advantage of LAMMS is the inherent spatial resolution, ~ 20 ??m for coal. Two different vitrite bands in the Lower Bakerstown coal bed (CLB-1) were analyzed. The analysis did not establish any certain concentration differences in Ba, Cr, Ga, Sr, Ti, and V between the two bands. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mikrochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01236096","issn":"00263672","usgsCitation":"Morelli, J., Hercules, D., Lyons, P., Palmer, C., and Fletcher, J., 1988, Using laser micro mass spectrometry with the LAMMA-1000 instrument for monitoring relative elemental concentrations in vitrinite: Mikrochimica Acta, v. 96, no. 1-6, p. 105-118, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01236096.","startPage":"105","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236096"},{"id":225655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc066e4b08c986b32a0de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morelli, J.J.","contributorId":90891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hercules, D.M.","contributorId":86905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hercules","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmer, C.A.","contributorId":81894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fletcher, J.D.","contributorId":24928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014456,"text":"70014456 - 1988 - Crustal structure of east central Oregon: Relation between Newberry Volcano and regional crustal structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-07T14:54:37.865133","indexId":"70014456","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of east central Oregon: Relation between Newberry Volcano and regional crustal structure","docAbstract":"A 180-km-long seismic refraction transect from the eastern High Cascades, across Newberry Volcano, to the eastern High Lava Plains is used to investigate the subvolcanic crustal and upper mantle velocity structure there. Near-surface volcanic flows and sedimentary debris (1.6-4.7 km/s), ranging from 3 to 5 km in thickness, overlie subvolcanic Basin and Range structures. East and west of Newberry Volcano, the subvolcanic basement (5.6 km/s) has been downwarped, producing 5-km-deep basins. The midcrust (8- to 28-km depth) is characterized by velocities ranging from 6.1 to 6.5 km/s and varies laterally in thicknesses. The lower crust is characterized by an unusually high velocity (about 7.4 km/s), and its geometry mirrors the subvolcanic basement geometry. The Moho is located at a depth of 37 km and represents a transition to an upper mantle velocity of 8.1 km/s. The shallow subsurface (1.2 km) beneath Newberry Volcano is characterized by high-velocity 5.6 km/s, versus 4.1 km/s for the surrounding area) intrusions and appears to be located on a basement high. Beneath the seismic refraction array at Newberry Volcano, an absence of low-velocity anomalies suggests that large silicic magma chambers do not exist in the upper crust, but apparent high attenuation of the seismic wave field may be consistent with either partial melts in small volumes, elevated crustal temperatures, and/or poor geophone-recording site coupling.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB09p10081","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., and Mooney, W.D., 1988, Crustal structure of east central Oregon: Relation between Newberry Volcano and regional crustal structure: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 93, no. B9, p. 10081-10094, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB09p10081.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"10081","endPage":"10094","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -118.36669921875,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -118.36669921875,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 42.924251753870685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcece4b0c8380cd4e501","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014436,"text":"70014436 - 1988 - Some revisions to the stratigraphy and structure of the Connecticut Valley trough, eastern Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-08T16:54:44.588808","indexId":"70014436","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some revisions to the stratigraphy and structure of the Connecticut Valley trough, eastern Vermont","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.288.10.1041","usgsCitation":"Hatch, N.L., 1988, Some revisions to the stratigraphy and structure of the Connecticut Valley trough, eastern Vermont: American Journal of Science, v. 288, no. 10, p. 1041-1059, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.288.10.1041.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1041","endPage":"1059","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.51071860113535,\n 44.43870280086662\n ],\n [\n -72.08166446666726,\n 44.43870280086662\n ],\n [\n -72.42604451254395,\n 43.801131907236055\n ],\n [\n -72.65261033219917,\n 43.38763289928579\n ],\n [\n -72.65261033219917,\n 42.81194180774489\n ],\n [\n -72.65261033219917,\n 42.71879640746886\n ],\n [\n -72.39885661418512,\n 42.71879640746886\n ],\n [\n -72.51667084040604,\n 42.8850292180185\n ],\n [\n -72.42604451254395,\n 43.03756885151094\n ],\n [\n -72.38073134861237,\n 43.361283081337376\n ],\n [\n -72.35354345025405,\n 43.558627607731836\n ],\n [\n -72.16322816174325,\n 43.794590625199106\n ],\n [\n -72.02728866995012,\n 44.03614108516527\n ],\n [\n -71.98197550601853,\n 44.29617357536483\n ],\n [\n -71.51071860113535,\n 44.43870280086662\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"288","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92e4e4b08c986b31a182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Norman L. Jr.","contributorId":34926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Norman","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014427,"text":"70014427 - 1988 - Three decades of geochronologic studies in the New England Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T00:47:23.85719","indexId":"70014427","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three decades of geochronologic studies in the New England Appalachians","docAbstract":"Over the past 30 years, both isotope geochronology and plate tectonics grew from infancy into authoritative disciplines in the geological sciences. Previously, mountain systems like the Appalachians had been viewed almost entirely in the context of the classical geosyncline, implying a gradualism in stratigraphic and structural change throughout the orogen. Age control, determined largely from distant fossiliferous strata, was unabashedly carried to high-grade metamorphic rocks based only on lithological correlations. With the new concepts in tectonics came the realization that abrupt breaks in stratigraphy and structure occur in many cases at the boundaries of lithotectonic zones. Fortunately, the new techniques of isotope geochronology could be brought to bear directly on the rocks of the immediate study area. This paper chronicles some of the major contributions to the geology of the New England Appalachians that resulted from these efforts during the past three decades.
In tracing the history of geochronologic research, one encounters an increasingly sophisticated approach to the analytical and interpretive aspects of the discipline. Today, the geochronologist can, under optimum conditions, constrain the age of stratigraphic units, igneous activity, deformation, and metamorphism with accuracy that is capable of resolving fine structure within individual orogenic pulses. He participates in full partnership with other colleagues of the science in unravelling the mysteries of mountain building. Several of the topical problems of New England geology in which geochronology played a key role include (1) the recognition and delineation of Avalonia as a Late Proterozoic eastern basement distinct from more western terranes, (2) the dating of the White Mountain Plutonic-Volcanic Suite, a Mesozoic igneous event spanning 100 m.y., and (3) the temporal and spatial separation of structural and metamorphic features imprinted by the Taconic and Acadian orogenies.
The existing geochronology is summarized into a map and table emphasizing the temporal construction of the New England Appalachians. By using lithotectonic zones as the building blocks of the orogen, seven such zones are defined in terms of pre-, syn-, and post-assembly geologic history. From west to east, these lithotectonic zones are (1) Berkshire-Green Mountain, (2) Rowe-Hawley, (3) Connecticut Valley, (4) Bronson Hill, (5) Kearsarge-Central Maine, (6) Tatnic Hill-Nashoba, and (7) Avalonia. Avalonia is further divided into three subzones, Hope Valley, Esmond-Dedham, and Penobscot Bay, which themselves may have had distinct origins and assembly histories. The boundaries between these zones are faults in most cases, some of which may have had recurring movement to further complicate any plate-tectonic scenario.
A delineation of underlying Grenvillian, Chain Lakes, and Avalonian basement is also attempted, which now can make use of isotopes in igneous rocks as petrogenetic indicators to supplement the rare occurrences of basement outcrop within mobile zones of the orogen. The belt of Permian thermal disturbance within the Kearsarge-Central Maine zone is hypothesized to reflect rapid rebound following compressional thickening of underlying Avalonian basement during the Alleghanian orogeny.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1168:TDOGSI>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Zartman, R., 1988, Three decades of geochronologic studies in the New England Appalachians: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, no. 8, p. 1168-1180, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1168:TDOGSI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1168","endPage":"1180","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.63967460992868,\n 37.399849628117494\n ],\n [\n -69.51076835992886,\n 37.399849628117494\n ],\n [\n -69.51076835992886,\n 45.732269412431236\n ],\n [\n -81.63967460992868,\n 45.732269412431236\n ],\n [\n -81.63967460992868,\n 37.399849628117494\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb307e4b08c986b325b34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014379,"text":"70014379 - 1988 - Geometry of Upper Cretaceous bentonite beds: Implications about volcanic source areas and paleowind patterns, western interior, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-26T01:15:55.438934","indexId":"70014379","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometry of Upper Cretaceous bentonite beds: Implications about volcanic source areas and paleowind patterns, western interior, United States","docAbstract":"Four bentonite beds near the Cenomanian-Turonian Stage boundary (ca. 90 Ma) can be traced through much of the western interior of the United States. Isopach maps constructed for these bentonite beds indicate that volcanic source areas were positioned both northwest and southwest of the central U.S. western interior basin and also indicate both easterly and southeasterly paleowind directions. Volcanism of this age has not been reported previously in the southern source area.
Estimates of the depth to the Curie temperature isotherm in Nevada are in accordance with other regional geologic and geophysical information and together can be explained in the context of present-day tectonism. A method to estimate the depth extent of magnetic sources from the statistical properties of magnetic anomalies was applied to a statewide compilation of aeromagnetic data from Nevada. Basal depths of magnetic sources show no apparent correlation with the so-called magnetic quiet zone, which trends northerly through the eastern part of the state, or with basin-and-range topography. However, certain correlations with published heat flow measurements are apparent and suggest that undulations in basal depth of magnetic sources are related in part to undulations in the Curie temperature isotherm. For example, an area of shallow basal depth (<10 km) near Battle Mountain corresponds to an area of exceptionally high conductive heat flow and indicates a shallow depth to the Curie temperature isotherm in this region. A narrow zone of shallow basal depth extends south from the Battle Mountain area along the 118°W meridian to at least latitude 38°N, which also is a zone of historic surface offsets and high-magnitude earthquakes. The correspondence along the 118° meridian of shallow basal depth, high heat flow, high lower crustal seismic velocities, attenuated P and S wave arrivals, historic faulting, and large earthquakes suggests that they each are related to an active north trending spreading zone in this part of the Basin and Range province.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB10p11817","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R., 1988, Curie temperature isotherm analysis and tectonic implications of aeromagnetic data from Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B10, p. 11817-11832, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB10p11817.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"11817","endPage":"11832","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225243,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd0de4b0c8380cd4e5e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014299,"text":"70014299 - 1988 - Rainfall intensity-duration equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70014299","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Rainfall intensity-duration equations","docAbstract":"A method for rapidly developing a rainfall intensity-duration equation for durations less than one hour and recurrence intervals between 2 and 100 years for any location in the conterminous United States is presented. Optimal parameters of a general rainfall-intensity duration equation are determined using precipitation depths for durations of 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes obtained from commonly available isopluvial maps. A single set of parameters applies to the entire western U.S. For the central and eastern U.S, a graphical means of determining the parameters is provided.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626709; 0872626709","usgsCitation":"Froehlich, D.C., 1988, Rainfall intensity-duration equations, Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988, p. 826-831.","startPage":"826","endPage":"831","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a945fe4b0c8380cd8137e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Froehlich, David C.","contributorId":58617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froehlich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014159,"text":"70014159 - 1988 - Crustal velocities near Coalinga, California, modeled from a combined earthquake/explosion refraction profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-28T13:54:34.951633","indexId":"70014159","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal velocities near Coalinga, California, modeled from a combined earthquake/explosion refraction profile","docAbstract":"Crustal velocity structure for the region near Coalinga, California, has been derived from both earthquake and explosion seismic phase data recorded along a NW-SE seismic-refraction profile on the western flank of the Great Valley east of the Diablo Range. Comparison of the two data sets reveals P-wave phases in common which can be correlated with changes in the velocity structure below the earthquake hypocenters. In addition, the earthquake records reveal secondary phases at station ranges of less than 20 km that could be the result of S- to P-wave conversions at velocity interfaces above the earthquake hypocenters. Two-dimensional ray-trace modeling of the P-wave travel times resulted in a P-wave velocity model for the western flank of the Great Valley comprised of: (a) a 7- to 9-km-thick section of sedimentary strata with velocities similar to those found elsewhere in the Great Valley (1.6 to 5.2 km/sec); (b) a middle crust extending to about 14 km depth with velocities comparable to those reported for the Franciscan assemblage in the Diablo Range (5.6 to 5.9 km/sec); and (c) a 13- to 14-km-thick lower crust with velocities similar to those reported beneath the Diablo Range and the Great Valley (6.5 to 7.30 km/sec). This lower crust may have been derived from subducted oceanic crust that was thickened by accretionary underplating or crustal shortening.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0780041475","usgsCitation":"Macgregor-Scott, N., and Walter, A., 1988, Crustal velocities near Coalinga, California, modeled from a combined earthquake/explosion refraction profile: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 78, no. 4, p. 1475-1490, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0780041475.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1475","endPage":"1490","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422234,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/78/4/1475/119055/Crustal-velocities-near-Coalinga-California"},{"id":226135,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Coalinga","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.8651283104765,\n 36.48539391147344\n ],\n [\n -120.8651283104765,\n 35.84012693048392\n ],\n [\n -119.69233778313293,\n 35.84012693048392\n ],\n [\n -119.69233778313293,\n 36.48539391147344\n ],\n [\n -120.8651283104765,\n 36.48539391147344\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcf2e4b0c8380cd4e530","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macgregor-Scott, N.","contributorId":19715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macgregor-Scott","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter, A.","contributorId":42720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014113,"text":"70014113 - 1988 - Geothermal gradients in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T16:28:31.93414","indexId":"70014113","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geothermal gradients in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Geothermal gradients from published temperature/depth measurements in drill holes generally deeper than 600 m are used to construct a temperature gradient map of the conterminous United States. The broadly contoured map displays 284 temperature gradients that are applicable to a depth of 2 km. In terms of the number of contoured areas and the fraction of data points having a value not within a contour interval (outliers), the temperature gradient data and associated deep heat flow data have similar measures of contourability. Areally, most of the United States is contoured from 15° to 35°C/km. The eastern United States is generally cooler (average 25°C/km) than the western United States (average 34°C/km), in accordance with broad heat flow trends. Differences between the temperature gradient and heat flow maps are caused by areal differences in rock thermal conductivities. The effect of conductivity on gradients is particularly apparent in the eastern United States where heat flow is relatively constant over large areas. Gradients are elevated where thick, low-conductivity, sedimentary deposits occur such as in the Atlantic Coastal Plain province and in basins in the Allegheny Plateau and the Great Plains provinces. No clear gradient pattern emerges where both heat flow and conductivity vary widely, such as in the northern Basin and Range and Rocky Mountain provinces. Using the temperature gradients determined in this study and associated heat flow values, derived thermal conductivities are calculated for the depth range of a few hundred meters to 2 km; the average conductivity is 2.5±0.8 W/m °C. Some areas show little variation in derived thermal conductivity, while others show a wide range. The Atlantic Coastal Plain, Appalachian Plateaus, Superior Upland, Gulf Coastal Plain, Columbia Plateaus and Cascade Mountains, and Sierra Nevada provinces have restricted ranges of conductivities, which supports the concept of regional conductivities.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB06p06437","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., and Guffanti, M., 1988, Geothermal gradients in the conterminous United States: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B6, p. 6437-6450, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB06p06437.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6437","endPage":"6450","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28d0e4b0c8380cd5a42e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, M.","contributorId":46632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guffanti, M.","contributorId":75693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013934,"text":"70013934 - 1988 - Composition and stable-isotope geochemistry of natural gases from Kansas, Midcontinent, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:55:17","indexId":"70013934","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition and stable-isotope geochemistry of natural gases from Kansas, Midcontinent, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"More than 28??1012 ft.3 (79??1010 m3) of natural gas and 5.3??109 bbl (8.4??108 m3) of oil have been produced in Kansas, U.S.A., from Paleozoic carbonate and sandstone reservoirs on structural uplifts and shallow embayments along the northern margin of the Anadarko basin. A heavily-explored, geologically well-characterized state, Kansas is an excellent place to study hydrocarbon migration and to test geochemical models for the origin of natural gases. Immature to marginally-mature rocks of eastern Kansas (Cherokee and Forest City basins) produce mixed microbial and thermogenic gases. Gases in this region have wetness = 0.03-51%, methane ??13C = -65 to -43??? and methane ??D = -260 to -150???. Gases from central and western Kansas (Nemaha uplift to Hugoton embayment) are entirely thermogenic and have wetness =4-51%, methane ??13C = -48 to -39??? and methane ??D = -195 to -140???. Ethane and propane ??13C-values throughout Kansas vary from -38 to -28??? and from -35 to -24???, respectively. Mature thermogenic gas (generated from source rocks in southwestern Kansas and the Anadarko basin with 1.0% ??? Ro ??? 1.4%) is recognized throughout the state. Lateral migration into shallow reservoirs on the Central Kansas and northern Nemaha uplifts and in the Cherokee basin probably occurred along basal Pennsylvanian conglomerates and weathered Lower Paleozoic carbonates at the regional sub-Pennsylvanian unconformity. Early thermogenic gas (generated by local source rocks with Ro ??? 0.7%) is recognized in isolated fields in the Salina and Forest City basins, in Ordovician reservoirs beneath the sub-Pennsylvanian unconformity in the Cherokee basin, and in reservoirs generally above the unconformity in the Cherokee and Sedgwick basins, the eastern Central Kansas uplift and the Hugoton embayment. ?? 1988.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(88)90110-6","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Jenden, P., Newell, K., Kaplan, I., and Watney, W., 1988, Composition and stable-isotope geochemistry of natural gases from Kansas, Midcontinent, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 71, no. 1-3, p. 117-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90110-6.","startPage":"117","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266093,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90110-6"},{"id":225543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f922e4b0c8380cd4d45a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenden, P.D.","contributorId":61176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenden","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newell, K.D.","contributorId":76473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaplan, I.R.","contributorId":24086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watney, W.L.","contributorId":43087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watney","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013709,"text":"70013709 - 1988 - Origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:32","indexId":"70013709","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams of the United States","docAbstract":"Degradation of water quality related to oxidation of iron disulfide minerals associated with coal is a naturally occurring process that has been observed since the late seventeenth century, many years before commencement of commercial coal mining in the United States. Disturbing coal strata during mining operations accelerates this natural deterioration of water quality by exposing greater surface areas of reactive minerals to the weathering effects of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Degraded water quality in the temperate eastern half of the United States is readily detected because of the low mineralization of natural water. Maps are presented showing areas in the eastern United States where concentrations of chemical constituents in water affected by coal mining (pH, dissolved sulfate, total iron, total manganese) exceed background values and indicate effects of coal mining. Areas in the East most affected by mine drainage are in western Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, western Maryland, West Virginia, southern Illinois, western Kentucky, northern Missouri, and southern Iowa. Effects of coal mining on water quality in the more arid western half of the United States are more difficult to detect because of the high degree of mineralization of natural water. Normal background concentrations of constituents are not useful in evaluating effects of coal mine drainage on streams in the more arid West. Three approaches to reduce the effects of coal mining on water quality are: (1) exclusion of oxygenated water from reactive minerals, (2) neutralization of the acid produced, (3) retardation of acid-producing bacteria population in spoil material, by application of detergents that do not produce byproducts requiring disposal. These approaches can be used to help prevent further degradation of water quality in streams by future mining. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02580450","issn":"00990094","usgsCitation":"Powell, J.D., 1988, Origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams of the United States: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 11, no. 2, p. 141-152, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02580450.","startPage":"141","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02580450"},{"id":220661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70b7e4b0c8380cd761c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, J. D.","contributorId":29828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013665,"text":"70013665 - 1988 - Downslope Eulerian mean flow associated with high-frequency current fluctuations observed on the outer continental shelf and upper slope along the northeastern United States continental margin: Implications for sediment transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T00:51:20.658789","indexId":"70013665","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downslope Eulerian mean flow associated with high-frequency current fluctuations observed on the outer continental shelf and upper slope along the northeastern United States continental margin: Implications for sediment transport","docAbstract":"Eulerian current measurements made 5-7 m above bottom at six stations along the United States east coast continental margin show a net downslope flow of 1-5 cm s-1. Although the scalar current speed decreases with water depth and toward the bottom, fluctuations in the cross-isobath flow were stronger and increasingly asymmetric near the bottom. Maximum downslope flow exceeded maximum upslope flow by a factor of two to three. The strength of the low-passed downslope flow was proportional to the upslope Reynolds flux of density as well as to the amplitude of the current fluctuations that have periods shorter than 30 h. These flow characteristics may be caused by differential vertical mixing in the bottom boundary layer where a stratified fluid flows upslope (unstable) and downslope (stable). The asymmetry in current strength clearly favors net downslope transport of sediments that move as bedload. ?? 1988.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(88)90078-7","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., 1988, Downslope Eulerian mean flow associated with high-frequency current fluctuations observed on the outer continental shelf and upper slope along the northeastern United States continental margin: Implications for sediment transport: Continental Shelf Research, v. 8, no. 5-7, p. 811-840, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(88)90078-7.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"840","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b4e4b0c8380cd50605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, B.","contributorId":85580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013656,"text":"70013656 - 1988 - Geochemistry of groundwater in tertiary and cretaceous sediments of the southeastern Coastal Plain in eastern Georgia, South Carolina, and southeastern North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T17:56:27","indexId":"70013656","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of groundwater in tertiary and cretaceous sediments of the southeastern Coastal Plain in eastern Georgia, South Carolina, and southeastern North Carolina","docAbstract":"Geochemical samples of groundwater taken along hydrologic flow paths in eastern Georgia, South Carolina, and southeastern North Carolina, from noncalcareous sand aquifers, largely of Cretaceous age, are dominated by sodium and bicarbonate ions. Calcareous sand aquifers, largely of Tertiary age, contain water whose chemistry is dominated by calcium and bicarbonate ions, but may evolve downgradient to sodium and bicarbonate dominance. Water chemistry in both types of aquifer evolves to sodium chloride dominance as a result of fresh water mixing with subsurface brines or seawater present in the deeper downgradient parts of the aquifers. Principal aqueous chemical reactions appear to occur in five reaction zones in the aquifers and include feldspar hydrolysis to kaolinite, calcite dissolution, calcium-for-sodium cation exchange, and neoformation of sodium smectite in the downgradient parts of the aquifers. Redox reactions produce dissolved iron concentrations greater than 1 mg/L near the recharge areas. Organic matter in the aquifers is oxidized to CO2 by iron reduction and sulfate reduction processes. Production of CO2 by a methanogenic process may also occur. Geochemical mass-transfer models simulating the observed chemistry in western Alabama and eastern Mississippi have been extended to account for higher concentrations of sodium and bicarbonate observed in the South Carolina part of the aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i002p00291","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., and Strickland, D.J., 1988, Geochemistry of groundwater in tertiary and cretaceous sediments of the southeastern Coastal Plain in eastern Georgia, South Carolina, and southeastern North Carolina: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 291-303, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i002p00291.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Plain","volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16fbe4b0c8380cd55337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strickland, Donald J.","contributorId":106560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176724,"text":"70176724 - 1987 - Taking the pulse of Parkfield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-04T13:47:28","indexId":"70176724","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taking the pulse of Parkfield","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Kerr, R.A., 1987, Taking the pulse of Parkfield: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 19, no. 1, p. 28-29.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Monterey ","city":"Parkfield","otherGeospatial":"Unincorporated community in Monterey County, California; located on Little Cholame Creek 21 miles east of Bradley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.43768644332887,\n 35.8947518300641\n ],\n [\n -120.43768644332887,\n 35.90312987717447\n ],\n [\n -120.42783737182617,\n 35.90312987717447\n ],\n [\n -120.42783737182617,\n 35.8947518300641\n ],\n [\n -120.43768644332887,\n 35.8947518300641\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"1","publicComments":"These items are reproduced by permission of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fec24fe4b0824b2d1582ef","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spall, Henry","contributorId":77933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650128,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kerr, R. A.","contributorId":152674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70176434,"text":"70176434 - 1987 - A detailed chronology of the most recent eruption period at Mount Hood, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T00:56:43.463027","indexId":"70176434","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A detailed chronology of the most recent eruption period at Mount Hood, Oregon","docAbstract":"The most recent eruptive period of Mount Hood volcano, the Old Maid eruptive period, was characterized by volcano-hydrologic events (hydrologic events initiated by volcanic activity) which resulted in extensive lahar inundation in the White, Sandy, and Zigzag River drainages and produced a lithic pyroclastic flow which traveled at least 9 km down the White River from the vent area at Crater Rock. Interpretations of downstream textural changes in deposits indicate that one lahar reached as far as Tygh Valley (65 km from the vent) before transforming into a lahar runout (hyperconcentrated flow). The runout inundated Tygh Valley and flowed into the Deschutes River, 75 km (flow path) from the volcano. A single lahar traveled more than 30 km down the Sandy River before transforming to a runout. Correlative sands and gravels are found as far as the apex of the Sandy River delta, more than 80 km from the volcano; these suggest that the flow underwent minimal attenuation of stage height throughout the length of Sandy River. Approximate dates ranging from 1760 A.D. to 1810 A.D. for various Old Maid-age events are inferred from dendrochronologic studies of old growth trees. There have been no apparent major topographic changes in the vent area since the end of Old Maid-age activity, enabling the events of the Old Maid eruptive period to be used as a model for future eruptive activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<845:ADCOTM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cameron, K.A., and Pringle, P.T., 1987, A detailed chronology of the most recent eruption period at Mount Hood, Oregon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, p. 845-851, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<845:ADCOTM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"851","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328616,"rank":2,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/99/6/845","text":"Article abstract","description":"Article abstract"},{"id":328619,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hood, Cascade Volcanic Arc in northern Oregon; approximately 50 miles east-southeast of Portland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.96266174316406,\n 45.27053750018046\n ],\n [\n -121.96266174316406,\n 45.47842910891348\n ],\n [\n -121.5204620361328,\n 45.47842910891348\n ],\n [\n -121.5204620361328,\n 45.27053750018046\n ],\n [\n -121.96266174316406,\n 45.27053750018046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"99","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d9232de4b090824ffa19ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, Kenneth A.","contributorId":9085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, P. T.","contributorId":116886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162118,"text":"70162118 - 1987 - Macrofauna and environment of the Nanpil-Kiepw River, Ponape, Eastern Caroline Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-13T14:41:41","indexId":"70162118","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macrofauna and environment of the Nanpil-Kiepw River, Ponape, Eastern Caroline Islands","docAbstract":"The first comprehensive evaluation of stream fauna in the Eastern Caroline Islands resulted from collections on Ponape, a 334-km- island having more than 40 streams, many of which arise along 700-m-high interior ridges. Field surveys centered on the Nanpil-Kiepw River below 170 m elevation, a bouldery reach with water of low mineral content and frequent surging flows. Faunal specimens were collected by electrofishing, rotenone treatment, netting, and hand picking. Discharge character of the Nanpil-Kiepw River is similar to but more extreme than that of other streams of Oceania with which it was compared. Drastic flow surges appeared to be a major factor affecting community structure. At least 44 faunal species were present, 36 of them representing taxons primarily of marine origin that are characteristic of oceanic islands: 15 fishes (5 families), 10 decapod crustaceans (3 families), and 11 snails (2 families). Larvae of aquatic moths were the only insects of significance. Four sicydiine gobies are new species possibly endemic to Ponape or the Eastern Caroline Islands. Based on numbers of species within prominent taxons and diadromous groups, Ponape’s faunal diversity exceeds that of Samoa, Guam, and Hawaii, but is lower than that of Palau. Similarities of Ponape's identified fish species to those of Palau suggest that Ponape was colonized from the west along the “Caroline conduit.”
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","usgsCitation":"Maciolek, J.A., and Ford, J., 1987, Macrofauna and environment of the Nanpil-Kiepw River, Ponape, Eastern Caroline Islands: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 41, no. 2, p. 623-632.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1987/00000041/00000002/art00048"}],"country":"Federated States of Micronesia","state":"Pohnpei","otherGeospatial":"Nanpil-Klepw River, Pacific Ocean, Senyavin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 120.41015624999999,\n -7.972197714386866\n ],\n [\n 120.41015624999999,\n 23.56398712845123\n ],\n [\n 167.255859375,\n 23.56398712845123\n ],\n [\n 167.255859375,\n -7.972197714386866\n ],\n [\n 120.41015624999999,\n -7.972197714386866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5697833ee4b039675d00a6ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maciolek, J. A.","contributorId":62655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maciolek","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, J.I.","contributorId":152239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157448,"text":"70157448 - 1987 - Water resources of Langlade County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T19:24:53","indexId":"70157448","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-27T04:15:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5596,"text":"Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey Information Circular","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"58","title":"Water resources of Langlade County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Langlade County depends almost exclusively on ground water pumped from the glacial sand and gravel deposits for its water needs. Well yields of 10 to 20 gallons per minute can be obtained from these deposits throughout most of the county. Yields of 500 to 1,000 gallons per minute are obtained for irrigation of crops from glacial outwash deposits in some areas of the county and particularly in the extensive 125-square-mile outwash plain in south-central Langlade County. Very low yields of less than 5 gallons per minute are obtainable for private domestic use from Precambrian crystalline rocks in areas of the county where overlying glacial material is thin. Glacial deposits are more than 400 feet thick in glacial moraine areas of east-central Langlade County; saturated thicknesses exceed 250 feet in the north-central part of the county.
\nHorizontal hydraulic conductivity values of glacial material range from less than 1 foot per day in fine-grained glacial tills in western parts of the county to approximately 145 feet per day in outwash deposits. The transmissivity of glacial deposits ranges from essentially zero in areas of unsaturated glacial material to more than 40,000 feet squared per day in the outwash plain of southcentral Langlade County.
\nMost surface and ground water originates from precipitation falling within the county. Streams and ground water flow into the county only in areas along its northern edge. Ground water supplies about 70 percent of the annual streamflow.
\nGround-water composition in Langlade County is similar to most ground water in the State and is of suitable quality for most uses. It is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. Concentrations of total dissolved solids are relatively low and range from 71 to 369 milligrams per liter, with a median value of 144 milligrams per liter. Dissolved iron and manganese concentrations exceeded secondary (aesthetic) standards in about 30 percent of all ground-water analyses. Values for total hardness as calcium carbonate ranged from 48 to 280 milligrams per liter for all samples. Ground water classified as very hard was confined to the southern part of the county where glacial deposits are higher in carbonate mineral content.
\nAn average of about 4.7 million gallons of water was pumped daily in Langlade County in 1983. Irrigation and fish rearing are the major ground-water uses in the county. An average of about 4.2 million gallons per day was pumped for irrigation during the months of June, July, and August. Results of this study show that present irrigation pumpage rates have little effect on groundwater levels in the Antigo Flats area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey and Langlade County","usgsCitation":"Batten, W., 1987, Water resources of Langlade County, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey Information Circular 58, v, 28 p.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":350383,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wgnhs.uwex.edu/pubs/download_ic58/"},{"id":308452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Langlade County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.0467,45.4668],[-88.9233,45.4659],[-88.9251,45.4014],[-88.9265,45.3909],[-88.9259,45.3799],[-88.802,45.3775],[-88.754,45.3782],[-88.7196,45.3784],[-88.6781,45.3787],[-88.6783,45.3654],[-88.6784,45.3554],[-88.6791,45.2946],[-88.6802,45.2051],[-88.6395,45.2048],[-88.6399,45.1171],[-88.6574,45.1172],[-88.6826,45.1174],[-88.7343,45.1172],[-88.8118,45.1177],[-88.8623,45.1175],[-88.9301,45.1182],[-88.9818,45.118],[-88.9812,45.0299],[-89.1019,45.0293],[-89.2239,45.0297],[-89.2242,45.1187],[-89.3024,45.1184],[-89.3457,45.1184],[-89.4258,45.1189],[-89.4257,45.2057],[-89.4256,45.293],[-89.4268,45.3802],[-89.4274,45.4707],[-89.3013,45.4692],[-89.174,45.4681],[-89.0467,45.4668]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Langlade\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5603cd5fe4b03bc34f544b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batten, W.G.","contributorId":119810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batten","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70007043,"text":"70007043 - 1987 - Chemical and biological status of lakes and streams in the upper midwest: assessment of acidic deposition effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-10T01:01:45","indexId":"70007043","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:37:35","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and biological status of lakes and streams in the upper midwest: assessment of acidic deposition effects","docAbstract":"Many lakes in three areas in the Upper Midwest - northeastern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan - have low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and may be susceptible to change by acidic deposition. Northcentral Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan together contain about 150-300 acidic lakes (ANC ≤ 0), whereas none have been found in Minnesota. These acidic lakes are precipitation-dominated, Clearwater seepage lakes having small surface area, shallow depth, and low concentrations of dissolved organic carbon. The spatial distribution of these acidic lakes parallels a west to east gradient of increasing sulfate and hydrogen ion deposition. Several of these acidic lakes exhibit chemical characteristics and biological changes consistent with those observed elsewhere in waters reported to be acidified by acidic deposition. However, an hypothesis of recent lake acidification is not supported by analyses of either historical chemical data or diatom remains in lake sediments, and natural sources of acidity and alternative ecological processes have not been conclusively eliminated as causative factors. Streams in this three-state region have high ANC and appear to be insensitive to acidic deposition. The species richness and composition of lacustrine fish communities in the region are partly related to pH and associated chemical factors. Sport fishes considered acid-sensitive and of primary concern with regard to acidification include walleye, smallmouth bass, and black crappie. The fishery in at least one lake, Morgan Lake in Wisconsin (pH 4.6), may have declined because of acidification. Given the general lack of quantitative fishery data for acidic Wisconsin and Michigan lakes, however, more general conclusions concerning impacts or the absence of impacts of acidification on the region's fishery resources are not possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lake and Reservoir Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/07438148709354792","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Wiener, J., and Eilers, J., 1987, Chemical and biological status of lakes and streams in the upper midwest: assessment of acidic deposition effects: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 3, no. 1, p. 365-378, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438148709354792.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480050,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07438148709354792","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":258291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258269,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07438148709354792","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota;Wisconsin;Michigan","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f53de4b0c8380cd4c129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eilers, J.M.","contributorId":29103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eilers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222200,"text":"5222200 - 1987 - Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polychloribiphenyls [sic] in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), from the continental United States, 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-19T17:35:01.902679","indexId":"5222200","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polychloribiphenyls [sic] in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), from the continental United States, 1982","title":"Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polychloribiphenyls [sic] in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), from the continental United States, 1982","docAbstract":"Starlings were collected from 129 sites throughout the contiguous United States in the fall of 1982 and analyzed for organochlorine compounds as part of a nationwide monitoring program. Residues of 14 organochlorine compounds were found. Only DDE, polychlorobiphenyls (PCB), dieldrin, and heptachlor epoxide occurred in more than 50% of the 10-starling pools. Geographical variation in the occurrence of seven organochlorine compounds was noted. Mean DDE levels were higher in the southwestern United States. Mean PCB levels were higher in the eastern United States. The occurrence frequency of most organochlorines in 1982 was similar to that which was reported in the previous nationwide study in 1979. A slight increase in occurrence was noted for trans-nonachlor. Mean DDE level in 1982 was similar to that of 1979. Mean PCB level in 1982 was lower than the 1979 mean, but this change may not reflect a decrease in environmental PCB levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00396607","usgsCitation":"Bunck, C., Prouty, R.M., and Krynitsky, A.J., 1987, Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polychloribiphenyls [sic] in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), from the continental United States, 1982: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 8, no. 1, p. 59-75, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396607.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438949,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P961MP6O","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Organochlorine residues in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) from the continental United States 1974-1985: National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program"},{"id":199622,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunck, C.M.","contributorId":72337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prouty, R. M.","contributorId":31349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222323,"text":"5222323 - 1987 - Black duck-mallard interactions on breeding areas in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:42","indexId":"5222323","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3641,"text":"Transactions of the Northeast Section, The Wildlife Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Black duck-mallard interactions on breeding areas in Maine","docAbstract":"Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) pairs (2-4) and broods (1-2) have occurred sporadically each year during recent (1977-86) waterfowl investigations in Maine. State-wide brood counts (1956-1986) for 36 wetlands in Maine depict an average increase of 1-3 mallard broods. Broods occurred mostly on man-made impoundments. Numbers of mallards captured during banding (as a percentage of combined mallards, American black ducks [Anas rubripes] and hybrids) have increased from 4.3 to 28.7% in southern Maine, 3.6 to 9.1% in central Maine, and 0.5 to 2.6% in eastern Maine during the last 3 or 4 decades. The percentage of mallards captured in northern Maine in the last decade averaged 11.8%. The occurrence of mallard x black duck hybrids handled during pre-season banding has been variable among decades, but < 2.0% for all the banding sites. Mixed-species pairs, usually a male mallard and a female black duck have been recorded. . Survival of mallard ducklings to fledging (4/brood) approximates that of black ducks, but our sample of broods (N=7) was small. Paired, male, black ducks aggressively drove away intruding mallards and conspecifics. The role of mallard releases and small marsh construction is implicated in the establishment of the 657 mallard pairs estimated as breeding in Maine.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the Northeast Section, The Wildlife Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Longcore, J.R., Corr, P., and McAuley, D., 1987, Black duck-mallard interactions on breeding areas in Maine: Transactions of the Northeast Section, The Wildlife Society, v. 44, p. 16-32.","productDescription":"16-32","startPage":"16","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db6085ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corr, P.O.","contributorId":88830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corr","given":"P.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}