Understanding patterns of historical erosion and deposition in San Francisco Bay is crucial in managing such issues as locating deposits of sediment-associated contaminants, and the restoration of wetland areas. These problems were addressed by quantitatively examining historical hydrographic surveys. The data from five hydrographic surveys, made from 1867 to 1990, were analyzed using surface modeling software to determine long-term changes in the sediment system of Suisun Bay and surrounding areas. A surface grid displaying the bathymetry was created for each survey period, and the bathymetric change between survey periods was computed by differencing these grids. Patterns and volumes of erosion and deposition, sedimentation rates, and shoreline changes were derived from the resulting change grids. Approximately 115 million cubic meters of sediment were deposited in the Suisun Bay area from 1867 to 1887, the majority of which was debris from hydraulic gold mining in the Sierra Nevada. Just under two-thirds of the area of the study site was depositional during this time period, while less than one-third of it was erosional. However, over the entire study period, the Suisun Bay area lost sediment, indicating that a large amount of erosion occurred from1887 to 1990. In fact, this area lost sediment during each of the change periods between 1887 and 1990. Because erosion and deposition are processes that may vary over space and time, further analyses of more specific areas were done to examine spatial and temporal patterns. The change in the Suisun Bay area from being a largely depositional environment to an erosional one is the result of a combination of several factors. These factors include the regulation and subsequent cessation of hydraulic mining practices, and the increase in flood control and water distribution projects that have decreased sediment supply to the bay by reducing the frequency and duration of peak flow conditions. Another pattern shown by the changing bathymetry is the substantial decrease in the area of tidal flat (defined in this study as the area between mean lower low water and the shoreline), particularly in Grizzly Bay and Honker Bay. These tidal flats are important to the bay ecosystem, providing stability and biologic diversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99563","usgsCitation":"Cappiella, K., Malzone, C., Smith, R., and Jaffe, B., 1999, Sedimentation and bathymetry changes in Suisun Bay: 1867-1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-563, Report: 48.76 x 30.10 inches; Report: PostScript file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99563.","productDescription":"Report: 48.76 x 30.10 inches; Report: PostScript file","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99563.jpg"},{"id":285072,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0563/of99-563.eps"},{"id":285071,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0563/pdf/of99-563.pdf"},{"id":3687,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0563/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grizzly Bay;Honker Bay;San Francisco Bay;Sierra Nevada;Suisun Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.249487,37.976683 ], [ -122.249487,38.207722 ], [ -121.74452,38.207722 ], [ -121.74452,37.976683 ], [ -122.249487,37.976683 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0a42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cappiella, Karen","contributorId":83595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cappiella","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malzone, Chris","contributorId":70839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malzone","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Richard","contributorId":34172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce","contributorId":9219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":23173,"text":"ofr99249 - 1999 - Strategic directions for the Water Resources Division, 1998-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:03","indexId":"ofr99249","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-249","title":"Strategic directions for the Water Resources Division, 1998-2008","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr99249","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Strategic directions for the Water Resources Division, 1998-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-249, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99249.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1313,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr99-249","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24468,"text":"ofr99355 - 1999 - Magnetotelluric study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley regions, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T14:04:39","indexId":"ofr99355","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-355","title":"Magnetotelluric study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley regions, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Magnetotelluric data delineate distinct layers and lateral variations above the pre-Tertiary basement. On Pahute Mesa, three resistivity layers associated with the volcanic rocks are defined: a moderately resistive surface layer, an underlying conductive layer, and a deep resistive layer. Considerable geologic information can be derived from the conductive layer which extents from near the water table down to a depth of approximately 2 km. The increase in conductivity is probably related to zeolite zonation observed in the volcanic rock on Pahute Mesa, which is relatively impermeable to groundwater flow unless fractured. Inferred faults within this conductive layer are modeled on several profiles crossing the Thirsty Canyon fault zone. This fault zone extends from Pahute Mesa into Oasis Valley basin. Near Colson Pond where the basement is shallow, the Thirsty Canyon fault zone is several (~2.5) kilometers wide. Due to the indicated vertical offsets associated with the Thirsty Canyon fault zone, the fault zone may act as a barrier to transverse (E-W) groundwater flow by juxtaposing rocks of different permeabilities.\n\nWe propose that the Thirsty Canyon fault zone diverts water southward from Pahute Mesa to Oasis Valley. The electrically conductive nature of this fault zone indicates the presence of abundant alteration minerals or a dense network of open and interconnected fractures filled with electrically conductive groundwater. The formation of alteration minerals require the presence of water suggesting that an extensive interconnected fracture system exists or existed at one time. Thus, the fractures within the fault zone may be either a barrier or a conduit for groundwater flow, depending on the degree of alteration and the volume of open pore space.\n\nIn Oasis Valley basin, a conductive surface layer, composed of alluvium and possibly altered volcanic rocks, extends to a depth of 300 to 500 m. The underlying volcanic layer, composed mostly of tuffs, fills the basin with about 3-3.5 km of relief on basement. A fault zone, related to the southern margin of the basin, appears to extend up to a depth of about 500 m. The path of groundwater encountering this fault zone is uncertain but may be either to the southwest towards Beatty or to the south towards Crater Flat.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99355","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy Nevada Operations Office (Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-96NV11967)","usgsCitation":"Schenkel, C.J., Hildenbrand, T.G., and Dixon, G.L., 1999, Magnetotelluric study of the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley regions, Nye County, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-355, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99355.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99355.GIF"},{"id":1566,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0355/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284887,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0355/pdf/of99-355.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Oasis Valley;Pahute Mesa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,36.75 ], [ -116.75,37.5 ], [ -116.25,37.5 ], [ -116.25,36.75 ], [ -116.75,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6552e4b0b29085100047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schenkel, Clifford J.","contributorId":37370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenkel","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, Gary L.","contributorId":23571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31128,"text":"ofr99267 - 1999 - Digital map of aquifer boundary for the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31128,"text":"ofr99267 - 1999 - Digital map of aquifer boundary for the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","indexId":"ofr99267","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Digital map of aquifer boundary for the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":9000509,"text":"ds543 - 2010 - Digital map of the aquifer boundary for the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","indexId":"ds543","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Digital map of the aquifer boundary for the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":9000509,"text":"ds543 - 2010 - Digital map of the aquifer boundary for the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","indexId":"ds543","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Digital map of the aquifer boundary for the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T16:15:55","indexId":"ofr99267","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-267","title":"Digital map of aquifer boundary for the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"This report contains digital data and accompanying documentation for aquifer boundaries for the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. This digital data set was compiled from a digital coverage that was created for publication of paper maps in McGrath and Dugan (1993, Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer -- predevelopment to 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4088, 53 p.) The data are not intended for use at scales larger than 1:1,000,000.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99267","usgsCitation":"Cederstrand, J.R., and Becker, M.F., 1999, Digital map of aquifer boundary for the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-267, digital data and accompanying documentation, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99267.","productDescription":"digital data and accompanying documentation","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2615,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ofr/ofr99-267/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65abdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrand, Joel R.","contributorId":15223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrand","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Mark F.","contributorId":40180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31126,"text":"ofr99265 - 1999 - Digital map of changes in water levels from predevelopment to 1980 for the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T16:15:52","indexId":"ofr99265","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-265","title":"Digital map of changes in water levels from predevelopment to 1980 for the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"This report contains digital data and accompanying documentation for contours of predevelopment to 1980 water-level elevation changes for the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. This digital data set was created by digitizing the contours for predevelopment to 1980 water-level elevation change from a 1:1,000,000-scale base map created by the U.S. Geological Survey High Plains Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) project (Gutentag, E.D., Heimes, F.J., Krothe, N.C., Luckey, R.R., and Weeks, J.B., 1984, Geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1400-B, 63 p.) The data are not intended for use at scales larger than 1:1,000,000.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr99265","usgsCitation":"Cederstrand, J.R., and Becker, M.F., 1999, Digital map of changes in water levels from predevelopment to 1980 for the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-265, digital data and accompanying documentation, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99265.","productDescription":"digital data and accompanying documentation","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2614,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr99-265/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65ac8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrand, Joel R.","contributorId":15223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrand","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Mark F.","contributorId":40180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31125,"text":"ofr99264 - 1999 - Digital map of predevelopment water levels for the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T16:15:17","indexId":"ofr99264","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-264","title":"Digital map of predevelopment water levels for the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"This report contains digital data and accompanying documentation for aquifer boundaries of contours for predevelopment water-level elevations for the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. This digital data set was created by digitizing the contours for predevelopment water-level elevations from a 1:1,000,000-scale base map created by the U.S. Geological Survey High Plains Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) project (Gutentag, E.D., Heimes, F.J., Krothe, N.C., Luckey, R.R., and Weeks, J.B., 1984, Geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1400-B, 63 p.) The data should not be used at scales larger than 1:1,000,000.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr99264","usgsCitation":"Cederstrand, J.R., and Becker, M.F., 1999, Digital map of predevelopment water levels for the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-264, digital data and accompanying documentation, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99264.","productDescription":"digital data and accompanying documentation","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2613,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr99-264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65ac54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrand, Joel R.","contributorId":15223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrand","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Mark F.","contributorId":40180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31139,"text":"ofr99575 - 1999 - Chemical data and lead isotopic compositions in stream-sediment samples from the Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T19:44:00","indexId":"ofr99575","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-575","title":"Chemical data and lead isotopic compositions in stream-sediment samples from the Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana","docAbstract":"Metal-mining related wastes in the Boulder River basin study area in northern Jefferson County, Montana, have been evaluated for their environmental effects as a part of the U.S. Geological Survey Abandoned Mine Lands Project. Many mine and prospect waste dumps, and mill wastes are located in the drainage basins of Basin Creek, Cataract Creek, and High Ore Creek, the three major tributaries to the Boulder River in the study area. Throughout the study area, mine-waste material has been transported into and down streams, where it mixes with and becomes incorporated into the bed sediments. In some locations, waste material was placed by mine operators directly in stream channels, and has been transported downstream forming fluvial tailings deposits along the stream banks. Water quality and aquatic habitat have been affected by acid generation and toxic-metal mobility during snowmelt and storm water runoff events. Colloids formed by the raising of pH downstream from these mine sites sorb metals contributing to the high concentrations observed in both bed and suspended sediments within the watershed. This report presents geochemical data for bed sediments from 67 sites and lead isotope data for 59 sites. Also included are geochemical data for seven suspended-sediment samples, and one smelter slag sample.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99575","usgsCitation":"Fey, D.L., Unruh, D.M., and Church, S.E., 1999, Chemical data and lead isotopic compositions in stream-sediment samples from the Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-575, Report: 7 p.; 10 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99575.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; 10 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":102,"text":"Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320520,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0575/table5.pdf","text":"Table 5","size":"7.98 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Table 5","linkHelpText":"- Limits of determination for elements determined by ICP-AES using the two different digestions"},{"id":320519,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0575/table4.pdf","text":"Table 4","size":"11.8 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Table 4","linkHelpText":"- Major and trace-element data from total digestions of suspended sediments from the Boulder River watershed, Montana, 1997"},{"id":320521,"rank":8,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0575/table6.pdf","text":"Table 6","size":"64.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Table 6","linkHelpText":"- Major and trace-element data from total digestions of Standard Reference Materials, Abandoned Mine Lands Project, 1996–1999"},{"id":320517,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0575/table2.pdf","text":"Table 2","size":"42.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Table 2","linkHelpText":"- Major and trace-element data from total digestions of bed sediments from the Boulder River watershed, Montana"},{"id":320518,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0575/table3.pdf","text":"Table 3","size":"41.9 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Table 3","linkHelpText":"- Major and trace-element data from total digestions of residues from leach digestions of bed sediments from the Boulder River watershed, Montana"},{"id":320525,"rank":12,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0575/table10.pdf","text":"Table 10","size":"16.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Table 10","linkHelpText":"- Lead isotopic data from bed sediments, Boulder River watershed, northern Jefferson County, Montana"},{"id":320522,"rank":9,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0575/table7.pdf","text":"Table 7","size":"43.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Table 7","linkHelpText":"- Major and trace-element data from 1 percent H2O2-HCl leach digestions of bed sediments from the Boulder River watershed, Montana"},{"id":320523,"rank":10,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0575/table8.pdf","text":"Table 8","size":"33.4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Table 8","linkHelpText":"- Major and trace-element data from 1 percent H2O2-HCl leach digestions of Standard Reference Materials, Abandoned Mine Lands Project, 1996–1999"},{"id":320515,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0575/OFR990575.pdf","text":"Report","size":"129 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":320516,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0575/table1.pdf","text":"Table 1","size":"18.9 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Table 1","linkHelpText":"- Bed-and suspended-sediment sample localities, Boulder River watershed, Montana, 1996–99"},{"id":160825,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0575/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":320524,"rank":11,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0575/table9.pdf","text":"Table 9","size":"24.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Table 9","linkHelpText":"- Statistical summary of major and trace-element data from total digestions of replicate bed sediment samples taken in different years from the Boulder River watershed, Montana"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Boulder River watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.4066162109375, 46.2 ], [ -111.79412841796875, 46.2 ], [ -111.79412841796875, 46.5720787149159 ], [ -112.4066162109375, 46.5720787149159 ], [ -112.4066162109375, 46.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Center Director, Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 973
Denver, CO 80225
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99325","usgsCitation":"Hyndman, P.C., and Campbell, H.W., 1999, Digital databases containing mining claim density information for Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming created from the BLM mining claim recordation system: 1996 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-325, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99325.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393051,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26608.htm"},{"id":160666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2616,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-325/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.75,\n 31.329\n ],\n [\n -102.045,\n 31.329\n ],\n [\n -102.045,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -124.75,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -124.75,\n 31.329\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4666","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyndman, Paul C.","contributorId":88391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Harry W.","contributorId":67509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22700,"text":"ofr99572 - 1999 - Permit application and approval chronology for a small airgun survey offshore southern California, June 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-28T08:24:04","indexId":"ofr99572","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-572","title":"Permit application and approval chronology for a small airgun survey offshore southern California, June 1999","docAbstract":"Offshore geophysical surveys are subject to increased restrictions resulting from new or revised Federal legislation and increased authority of State agencies that deal with environmental issues. This report reviews the process followed by the U.S. Geological Survey to obtain necessary approvals for a marine geophysical survey conducted in June, 1999, offshore Southern California. Discussions and negotiations between the USGS, National Marine Fisheries Service, the California Coastal Commission, the California State Lands Commission, and various other interested parties during six months prior to the survey are documented. A suggested timeframe that should be followed for obtaining the approvals and permits for future work offshore California is based on the outcome of the permitting process for the 1999 cruise, as well as continuing dialog with representatives of the Federal and State entities involved.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99572","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Childs, J.R., Normark, W.R., and Fisher, M.A., 1999, Permit application and approval chronology for a small airgun survey offshore southern California, June 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-572, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99572.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99572.GIF"},{"id":1452,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0572/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285079,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0572/intro.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688449","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childs, Jonathan R. jchilds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"Jonathan","email":"jchilds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Michael A. mfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Michael","email":"mfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":188713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22496,"text":"ofr9950E - 1999 - Total Petroleum Systems of the Northwest Shelf, Australia: The Dingo-Mungaroo/Barrow and the Locker-Mungaroo/Barrow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr9950E","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-50","chapter":"E","title":"Total Petroleum Systems of the Northwest Shelf, Australia: The Dingo-Mungaroo/Barrow and the Locker-Mungaroo/Barrow","docAbstract":"The Northwest Shelf Province (U.S.G.S. #3948) of Australia contains two important hydrocarbon source-rock intervals and numerous high quality reservoir intervals. These are grouped into two petroleum systems, Dingo-Mungaroo/Barrow and Locker-Mungaroo/Barrow, where the Triassic Mungaroo Formation and the Early Cretaceous Barrow Group serve as the major reservoir rocks for the Jurassic Dingo Claystone and Triassic Locker Shale source rocks. The primary source rock, Dingo Claystone, was deposited in restricted marine conditions during the Jurassic subsidence of a regional sub-basin trend. The secondary source rock, Locker Shale, was deposited in terrestrially-influenced, continental seaway conditions during the Early Triassic at the beginning of the breakup of Pangea. These systems share potential reservoir rocks of deep-water, proximal and distal deltaic, marginal marine, and alluvial origins, ranging in age from Late Triassic through Cretaceous. Interformational seals and the regional seal, Muderong Shale, along with structural and stratigraphic traps account for the many types of hydrocarbon accumulations in this province. In 1995, the Northwest Shelf produced 42% of the hydrocarbon liquids in Australia, and in 1996 surpassed the Australian Bass Straits production, with 275,000 barrels per day (bpd) average. This region is the major producing province of Australia. Known reserves as of 1995 are estimated at 11.6 billion of barrels of oil equivalent (BBOE)(Klett and others, 1997) . Although exploration has been conducted since 1955, many types of prospects have not been targeted and major reserves continue to be discovered.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr9950E","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bishop, M.G., 1999, Total Petroleum Systems of the Northwest Shelf, Australia: The Dingo-Mungaroo/Barrow and the Locker-Mungaroo/Barrow: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-50, 49 p., illus. incl. sects., strat. col., 1 table, geol. sketch maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9950E.","productDescription":"49 p., illus. incl. sects., strat. col., 1 table, geol. sketch maps","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11543,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0050/OF99-50E/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f8425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bishop, Michele G.","contributorId":19586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Michele","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42373,"text":"ofr99168 - 1999 - Reconnaissance geologic map of the Duncan Canal-Zarembo Island area, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T17:34:31.184099","indexId":"ofr99168","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-168","title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of the Duncan Canal-Zarembo Island area, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"The geologic map of the Duncan Canal-Zarembo Island area is the result of a multidisciplinary investigation of an area where an airborne geophysical survey was flown in the spring of 1997. The area was chosen for the geophysical survey because of its high mineral potential, a conclusion of the Petersburg Mineral Resource Assessment Project, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1978 to 1982. The City of Wrangell, in southeastern Alaska, the Bureau of Land Management, and the State of Alaska provided funding for the airborne geophysical survey. The geophysical data from the airborne survey were released in September 1997. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted field investigations in the spring and fall of 1998 to identify and understand the sources of the geophysical anomalies from the airborne survey.\r\n\r\nThis geologic map updates the geologic maps of the same area published by David A. Brew at 1:63,360 (Brew, 1997a-m; Brew and Koch, 1997). This update is based on 3 weeks of field work, new fossil collections, and the geophysical maps released by the State of Alaska ( DGGS, Staff, and others, 1997a-o). Geologic data from outcrops, fossil ages, radiometric ages, and geochemical signatures were used to identify lithostratigraphic units. Where exposure is poor, geophysical characteristics were used to help control the boundaries of these units. No unit boundaries were drawn based on geophysics alone. The 7200 Hertz resistivity maps (DGGS, Staff, and others, 1997k-o) were particularly helpful for controlling unit boundaries, because different stratigraphic units have distinctive characteristic conductive signatures (Karl and others, 1998). Increased knowledge of unit ages, unit structure, and unit distribution, led to improved understanding of the nature of unit contacts. Northwest- to southwest-directed thrust faults, particularly on Kupreanof Island, are new discovery. Truncated faults and map patterns suggest there were at least 2 generations of thrusting, and that the thrust faults have been folded. Subsequent right-lateral strike-slip NW-SE faults, have offset thrust faults, and these in turn are offset by N-S right-lateral strike-slip faults. Our fieldwork raised as many questions as it answered, and we see this map as a progress report at a reconnaissance level. The main contributions of this map are 1) the greater distribution of Triassic rocks, 2) increased fossil age information, and 3) the identification of thrust faults within and between units.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99168","usgsCitation":"Karl, S.M., Haeussler, P.J., and McCafferty, A.E., 1999, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Duncan Canal-Zarembo Island area, southeastern Alaska (Version 1.2: June 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-168, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99168.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422455,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18899.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11430,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":398075,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18899.htm"},{"id":136852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"150000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Duncan Canal-Zarembo Island area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -133.61476049889026,\n 56.199886286800336\n ],\n [\n -133.06095861619053,\n 56.23879575576889\n ],\n [\n -132.98202797402203,\n 56.0629706600412\n ],\n [\n -132.51785783074374,\n 56.09002299897319\n ],\n [\n -132.50176598515554,\n 56.281472908391734\n ],\n [\n -131.88102194506118,\n 56.277196224085145\n ],\n [\n -131.89172304231417,\n 56.51773562017605\n ],\n [\n -132.0716452898084,\n 56.517392431601934\n ],\n [\n -132.078672909844,\n 56.621852115926686\n ],\n [\n -132.26226863455528,\n 56.620241965303705\n ],\n [\n -132.25859515733825,\n 56.52422552713807\n ],\n [\n -132.5652535004594,\n 56.537372219353955\n ],\n [\n -132.5793087405314,\n 56.622498642963954\n ],\n [\n -132.94985433277262,\n 56.665001319346445\n ],\n [\n -132.9940164587959,\n 57.05128179340762\n ],\n [\n -133.73782311730034,\n 57.074568585284744\n ],\n [\n -133.61476049889026,\n 56.199886286800336\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.2: June 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":226359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":226360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCafferty, Anne E. 0000-0001-5574-9201 anne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-9201","contributorId":1120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"Anne","email":"anne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":226361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4966,"text":"fs10599 - 1999 - Hydrogeologic investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey at the former Fort Benjamin Harrison, Marion County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T09:54:50","indexId":"fs10599","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"105-99","title":"Hydrogeologic investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey at the former Fort Benjamin Harrison, Marion County, Indiana","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Department of Defense Base Realignment and Closure process, the former Fort Benjamin Harrison in Marion County, Indiana (called 'Fort Harrison' in this fact sheet), was placed on the Base Closure List in 1991. Property disposal and reuse activities began when Fort Harrison was decommissioned in 1995; work continues through 1999. Fort Harrison was located on approximately 2,500 acres about 10 miles northeast of downtown Indianapolis, Ind., in the City of Lawrence (fig. 1). Since 1903, the installation served as a major training facility that at times included schools, a hospital, and Army Finance and Soldier Support Centers. In 1996, the Army leased 1,700 acres of woodland and recreational facilities to the Indiana Department of Natural Resources as Fort Harrison State Park. Another 550 acres became privately owned for industrial, commercial, and residential purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/fs10599","collaboration":"Prepared for the Department of Defense Environmental Conservation Program National Meeting, April 26-30, 1999, Tacoma, Washington","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., 1999, Hydrogeologic investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey at the former Fort Benjamin Harrison, Marion County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 105-99, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10599.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_105_99.jpg"},{"id":12872,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/fs105-99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Marion County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9523,39.638],[-86.248,39.6335],[-86.3268,39.6318],[-86.3281,39.8526],[-86.328,39.8662],[-86.325,39.8662],[-86.3267,39.9238],[-86.2967,39.9246],[-86.2757,39.925],[-86.2385,39.9259],[-85.9801,39.9269],[-85.9411,39.9272],[-85.9369,39.9272]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Marion\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risch, Martin R. 0000-0002-7908-7887 mrrisch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-7887","contributorId":2118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"Martin","email":"mrrisch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6816,"text":"fs06699 - 1999 - Improvements to the DRASTIC ground-water vulnerability mapping method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-08T15:06:25","indexId":"fs06699","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"066-99","title":"Improvements to the DRASTIC ground-water vulnerability mapping method","docAbstract":"Ground-water vulnerability maps are designed to show areas of greatest potential for ground-water contamination on the basis of hydrogeologic and anthropogenic (human) factors. The maps are developed by using computer mapping hardware and software called a geographic information system (GIS) to combine data layers such as land use, soils, and depth to water. Usually, ground-water vulnerability is determined by assigning point ratings to the individual data layers and then adding the point ratings together when those layers are combined into a vulnerability map. \nProbably the most widely used ground-water vulnerability mapping method is DRASTIC, named for the seven factors considered in the method: Depth to water, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone media, and hydraulic Conductivity of the aquifer (Aller and others, 1985, p. iv). \nThe DRASTIC method has been used to develop ground-water vulnerability maps in many parts of the Nation; however, the effectiveness of the method has met with mixed success (Koterba and others, 1993, p. 513; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993; Barbash and Resek, 1996; Rupert, 1997). DRASTIC maps usually are not calibrated to measured contaminant concentrations. The DRASTIC ground-water vulnerability mapping method was improved by calibrating the point rating scheme to measured nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen (NO2+NO3–N) concentrations in ground water on the basis of statistical correlations between NO2+NO3–N concentrations and land use, soils, and depth to water (Rupert, 1997). This report describes the calibration method developed by Rupert and summarizes the improvements in results of this method over those of the uncalibrated DRASTIC method applied by Rupert and others (1991) in the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs06699","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., 1999, Improvements to the DRASTIC ground-water vulnerability mapping method: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 066-99, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs06699.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262312,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0066/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers equal-area","country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Nevada;Utah;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Basin;Eastern Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.8484,41.0028 ], [ -115.8484,44.6046 ], [ -108.9974,44.6046 ], [ -108.9974,41.0028 ], [ -115.8484,41.0028 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24299,"text":"ofr99463 - 1999 - Digital data sets of depth-duration frequency of precipitation for Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-08T16:11:29.22448","indexId":"ofr99463","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-463","title":"Digital data sets of depth-duration frequency of precipitation for Oklahoma","docAbstract":"These geospatial data sets were produced as part of a regional precipitation frequency analysis for Oklahoma. The data sets consist of surface grids of precipitation depths for seven frequencies (expressed as recurrence intervals of 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-years) and 12 durations (15-, 30-, and 60-minutes; 1-, 2-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-hours; and 1-, 3-, and 7-days). Eighty-four depth-duration-frequency surfaces were produced from precipitation-station data. Precipitation-station data from which the surfaces were interpolated and contour lines derived from each surface also are included. Contour intervals vary from 0.05 to 0.5 inch.\r\nData were used from precipitation gage stations with at least 10 years of record within Oklahoma and a zone extending about 50 kilometers into bordering states. Three different rain gage networks provided the data (15-minute, 1-hour, and 1-day). Precipitation annual maxima (depths) were determined from the station data for each duration for 110 15-minute, 141 hourly, and 413 daily stations. Statistical methods were used to estimate precipitation depths for each duration-frequency at each station. These station depth-duration-frequency estimates were interpolated to produce continuous grids with grid-cell spacing of 2,000 meters. Contour lines derived from these surfaces (grids) were used to produce the maps in the 'Depth-Duration Frequency of Precipitation for Oklahoma,' by R.L. Tortorelli, Alan Rea, and W.H. Asquith, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4232. The geospatial data sets are presented in digital form for use with geographic information systems. These geospatial data sets may be used to determine an interpolated value of depth-duration-frequency of precipitation for any point in Oklahoma.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99463","usgsCitation":"Rea, A., and Tortorelli, R.L., 1999, Digital data sets of depth-duration frequency of precipitation for Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-463, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99463.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1674,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr99-463/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410205,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25610.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155080,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-96.944611,33.949217],[-96.973807,33.935697],[-96.979818,33.941588],[-96.981031,33.94916],[-96.979347,33.95513],[-96.981337,33.956378],[-96.987892,33.954671],[-96.994288,33.949206],[-96.996183,33.941728],[-96.995023,33.932035],[-96.984939,33.904866],[-96.983971,33.892083],[-96.985567,33.886522],[-97.023899,33.844213],[-97.041245,33.837761],[-97.052209,33.841737],[-97.057554,33.840133],[-97.058623,33.837728],[-97.055148,33.825701],[-97.058623,33.818752],[-97.087999,33.808747],[-97.092112,33.804097],[-97.095236,33.794136],[-97.085218,33.765512],[-97.086195,33.743933],[-97.097154,33.727809],[-97.108936,33.720294],[-97.121102,33.717174],[-97.13753,33.718664],[-97.149394,33.721967],[-97.16281,33.729118],[-97.172192,33.737545],[-97.187792,33.769702],[-97.190397,33.781153],[-97.205431,33.801488],[-97.204995,33.81887],[-97.1997,33.827322],[-97.195831,33.830803],[-97.18137,33.831375],[-97.171627,33.835335],[-97.166824,33.840395],[-97.166629,33.847311],[-97.180845,33.895204],[-97.185458,33.9007],[-97.210921,33.916064],[-97.226522,33.914642],[-97.244946,33.903092],[-97.249209,33.875101],[-97.255636,33.863698],[-97.271532,33.86256],[-97.279108,33.864555],[-97.299245,33.880175],[-97.30749,33.878204],[-97.314413,33.866989],[-97.318243,33.865121],[-97.324158,33.866017],[-97.327563,33.873903],[-97.33294,33.87444],[-97.336524,33.872827],[-97.339392,33.86763],[-97.348338,33.843876],[-97.358513,33.830018],[-97.368744,33.821471],[-97.372941,33.819454],[-97.426493,33.819398],[-97.444193,33.823773],[-97.453057,33.828536],[-97.462857,33.841772],[-97.461486,33.84956],[-97.451469,33.87093],[-97.450954,33.891398],[-97.460376,33.903948],[-97.486505,33.916994],[-97.50096,33.919643],[-97.525277,33.911751],[-97.551541,33.897947],[-97.55827,33.897099],[-97.587441,33.902479],[-97.596289,33.913769],[-97.597115,33.917868],[-97.591514,33.9282],[-97.589598,33.953554],[-97.609091,33.968093],[-97.633778,33.981257],[-97.65621,33.989488],[-97.671772,33.99137],[-97.69311,33.983699],[-97.709684,33.954997],[-97.725289,33.941045],[-97.733723,33.936392],[-97.752957,33.937049],[-97.762768,33.934396],[-97.759399,33.91882],[-97.765446,33.913532],[-97.772672,33.914382],[-97.783717,33.91056],[-97.78034,33.904833],[-97.779683,33.899243],[-97.784657,33.890632],[-97.801578,33.885138],[-97.805423,33.877167],[-97.834333,33.857671],[-97.871447,33.849001],[-97.896738,33.857985],[-97.936743,33.879204],[-97.951215,33.878424],[-97.967777,33.88243],[-97.977808,33.889883],[-97.983769,33.8972],[-97.983552,33.904002],[-97.978804,33.912548],[-97.969873,33.905999],[-97.964461,33.907398],[-97.957155,33.914454],[-97.952679,33.929482],[-97.953395,33.936445],[-97.954467,33.937774],[-97.971175,33.937129],[-97.974173,33.942832],[-97.960351,33.951928],[-97.94573,33.989839],[-97.958325,33.990846],[-97.974173,34.006716],[-97.987388,33.999823],[-98.027672,33.993357],[-98.055197,33.995841],[-98.082839,34.002412],[-98.088203,34.005481],[-98.105482,34.031307],[-98.104022,34.036233],[-98.098001,34.03824],[-98.096177,34.044625],[-98.114587,34.06228],[-98.120208,34.072127],[-98.121039,34.081266],[-98.119417,34.084474],[-98.099328,34.104295],[-98.092421,34.116917],[-98.089755,34.128211],[-98.101937,34.14683],[-98.109462,34.154111],[-98.123377,34.15454],[-98.130816,34.150532],[-98.154354,34.122734],[-98.16912,34.114171],[-98.203711,34.117676],[-98.241013,34.133103],[-98.256467,34.129481],[-98.293901,34.13302],[-98.300209,34.134579],[-98.325445,34.151025],[-98.364023,34.157109],[-98.381238,34.149454],[-98.398441,34.128456],[-98.400967,34.122236],[-98.39816,34.121396],[-98.399777,34.099973],[-98.414426,34.085074],[-98.419995,34.082488],[-98.42848,34.085523],[-98.440092,34.084311],[-98.443724,34.082152],[-98.449034,34.073462],[-98.475066,34.064269],[-98.486328,34.062598],[-98.504182,34.072371],[-98.5282,34.094961],[-98.536257,34.107343],[-98.550917,34.119334],[-98.558593,34.128254],[-98.560191,34.133202],[-98.572451,34.145091],[-98.599789,34.160571],[-98.616733,34.156418],[-98.643223,34.164531],[-98.648073,34.164441],[-98.690072,34.133155],[-98.717537,34.13645],[-98.734287,34.135758],[-98.741966,34.12553],[-98.757037,34.124633],[-98.759653,34.126912],[-98.760558,34.132388],[-98.76557,34.136376],[-98.792015,34.143736],[-98.80681,34.155901],[-98.812954,34.158444],[-98.831115,34.162154],[-98.855585,34.161621],[-98.8579,34.159627],[-98.860125,34.149913],[-98.868116,34.149635],[-98.874872,34.155657],[-98.871211,34.163012],[-98.872922,34.166584],[-98.918333,34.181831],[-98.94022,34.203686],[-98.952358,34.212579],[-98.960791,34.21303],[-98.96247,34.204668],[-98.966302,34.201323],[-98.974132,34.203566],[-98.981364,34.217583],[-98.987294,34.221223],[-98.990852,34.221633],[-99.000761,34.217643],[-99.003433,34.214466],[-99.002916,34.208782],[-99.013075,34.203222],[-99.036273,34.206912],[-99.043471,34.198208],[-99.058084,34.200569],[-99.060344,34.204761],[-99.066465,34.208404],[-99.079535,34.211518],[-99.092191,34.209316],[-99.108758,34.203401],[-99.119204,34.201747],[-99.126567,34.203004],[-99.131885,34.207382],[-99.126614,34.215329],[-99.130609,34.219408],[-99.13822,34.219159],[-99.143985,34.214763],[-99.159016,34.20888],[-99.189511,34.214312],[-99.192683,34.218825],[-99.190146,34.22966],[-99.197153,34.244298],[-99.196926,34.260929],[-99.19457,34.272424],[-99.195605,34.280839],[-99.207561,34.283505],[-99.211648,34.292232],[-99.213476,34.310672],[-99.209724,34.324935],[-99.210716,34.336304],[-99.213135,34.340369],[-99.217335,34.34152],[-99.226153,34.339726],[-99.232606,34.34238],[-99.237233,34.362717],[-99.242945,34.372668],[-99.248969,34.375984],[-99.254722,34.372405],[-99.258696,34.372634],[-99.274926,34.384904],[-99.273958,34.38756],[-99.264508,34.388085],[-99.25898,34.391243],[-99.261321,34.403499],[-99.294648,34.415373],[-99.308274,34.410014],[-99.319606,34.408869],[-99.334037,34.427536],[-99.356713,34.442144],[-99.354672,34.451857],[-99.358795,34.455863],[-99.36961,34.458699],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.394956,34.442099],[-99.396902,34.418688],[-99.393919,34.415274],[-99.391492,34.405631],[-99.397253,34.377871],[-99.40296,34.373481],[-99.408848,34.372776],[-99.420432,34.380464],[-99.430995,34.373414],[-99.44076,34.374123],[-99.452648,34.388252],[-99.470969,34.396471],[-99.487219,34.397955],[-99.499875,34.409608],[-99.51428,34.414035],[-99.529786,34.411452],[-99.549242,34.412715],[-99.569696,34.418418],[-99.58006,34.416653],[-99.58448,34.407673],[-99.585442,34.388914],[-99.600026,34.374688],[-99.624197,34.373577],[-99.649662,34.379885],[-99.659362,34.37439],[-99.665992,34.374185],[-99.678283,34.379799],[-99.696462,34.381036],[-99.712682,34.390928],[-99.715089,34.400754],[-99.720259,34.406295],[-99.754248,34.421289],[-99.767234,34.430502],[-99.765599,34.437488],[-99.775743,34.444225],[-99.782986,34.444364],[-99.793684,34.453894],[-99.814313,34.476204],[-99.818739,34.484976],[-99.818186,34.48784],[-99.825325,34.497596],[-99.853066,34.511593],[-99.868953,34.527615],[-99.874403,34.537095],[-99.887147,34.549047],[-99.915771,34.565975],[-99.921801,34.570253],[-99.923211,34.574552],[-99.94572,34.579273],[-99.954567,34.578195],[-99.958898,34.571271],[-99.971555,34.562179],[-99.985833,34.560079],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-100.000406,36.499702],[-103.002434,36.500397],[-103.002199,37.000104],[-102.986976,36.998524],[-102.75986,37.000019],[-102.698142,36.995149],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-100.115722,37.002206],[-99.648652,36.999604],[-98.219499,36.997824],[-95.049499,36.99958],[-94.61808,36.998135],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.571806,36.213748],[-94.522634,35.934892],[-94.431215,35.39429],[-94.433915,35.387391],[-94.431515,35.369591],[-94.437774,35.239271],[-94.45753,34.642961],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.487514,33.628939],[-94.491503,33.625115],[-94.520725,33.616567],[-94.526291,33.619203],[-94.528928,33.62184],[-94.529221,33.634437],[-94.533322,33.63766],[-94.549142,33.635902],[-94.552658,33.638246],[-94.552072,33.65348],[-94.557052,33.656702],[-94.570821,33.654945],[-94.572286,33.656995],[-94.569357,33.663441],[-94.569943,33.66637],[-94.57962,33.677623],[-94.586641,33.678968],[-94.596895,33.671351],[-94.603047,33.671351],[-94.607442,33.67223],[-94.621211,33.681018],[-94.627656,33.677796],[-94.635273,33.669886],[-94.64289,33.668421],[-94.646113,33.6693],[-94.648457,33.673401],[-94.648457,33.684534],[-94.652265,33.690979],[-94.659167,33.692138],[-94.684792,33.684353],[-94.707858,33.686876],[-94.710088,33.68815],[-94.710725,33.691654],[-94.709451,33.699617],[-94.711043,33.705669],[-94.719006,33.708217],[-94.724102,33.705669],[-94.728243,33.699617],[-94.732384,33.700254],[-94.737161,33.704713],[-94.739072,33.710128],[-94.73748,33.716179],[-94.739391,33.72255],[-94.742576,33.727009],[-94.759139,33.729557],[-94.762961,33.731787],[-94.767739,33.73752],[-94.766465,33.750897],[-94.770924,33.754401],[-94.775064,33.755038],[-94.789716,33.74612],[-94.798634,33.744527],[-94.812012,33.751853],[-94.817427,33.752172],[-94.824753,33.749305],[-94.826027,33.74389],[-94.830804,33.740068],[-94.849296,33.739585],[-94.8693,33.745871],[-94.87708,33.75222],[-94.876033,33.760771],[-94.879218,33.764912],[-94.886226,33.764594],[-94.902276,33.776289],[-94.911427,33.778383],[-94.919614,33.786305],[-94.916834,33.804617],[-94.91945,33.810176],[-94.924518,33.812792],[-94.9358,33.810339],[-94.944302,33.812138],[-94.948716,33.818023],[-94.949533,33.825708],[-94.957676,33.835004],[-94.964401,33.837021],[-94.968895,33.860916],[-94.973411,33.861731],[-94.98165,33.852284],[-94.988487,33.851],[-94.992671,33.852455],[-95.000223,33.862505],[-95.008376,33.866089],[-95.022325,33.859813],[-95.046568,33.862565],[-95.049025,33.86409],[-95.061065,33.895292],[-95.065492,33.899585],[-95.07126,33.901597],[-95.078905,33.898377],[-95.084002,33.89328],[-95.090441,33.89328],[-95.093929,33.895963],[-95.095002,33.904816],[-95.10077,33.912193],[-95.103318,33.913669],[-95.110964,33.912998],[-95.119951,33.915815],[-95.122365,33.918632],[-95.121184,33.931307],[-95.1247,33.934675],[-95.131056,33.936925],[-95.161109,33.937598],[-95.184075,33.950353],[-95.219358,33.961567],[-95.230491,33.960764],[-95.252906,33.933648],[-95.250737,33.917083],[-95.253095,33.905444],[-95.26385,33.899256],[-95.272542,33.902055],[-95.277846,33.900877],[-95.280351,33.896751],[-95.283445,33.877746],[-95.287865,33.874946],[-95.294789,33.875388],[-95.325572,33.885704],[-95.333452,33.886286],[-95.334854,33.876831],[-95.339122,33.868873],[-95.407795,33.866308],[-95.44737,33.86885],[-95.463346,33.872313],[-95.461499,33.883686],[-95.464925,33.886709],[-95.469962,33.886105],[-95.478575,33.879301],[-95.492028,33.874822],[-95.502304,33.874742],[-95.506085,33.87639],[-95.506234,33.886306],[-95.510063,33.890135],[-95.515302,33.891142],[-95.533283,33.881162],[-95.545197,33.880294],[-95.552085,33.888422],[-95.549145,33.90795],[-95.559414,33.930179],[-95.563424,33.932193],[-95.585945,33.93448],[-95.599678,33.934247],[-95.603657,33.927195],[-95.636978,33.906613],[-95.647273,33.905976],[-95.659818,33.909092],[-95.665338,33.908132],[-95.669978,33.905844],[-95.684831,33.890232],[-95.696962,33.885218],[-95.71354,33.885124],[-95.728449,33.893704],[-95.737508,33.895967],[-95.747335,33.895756],[-95.756367,33.892625],[-95.761916,33.883402],[-95.762559,33.874367],[-95.757458,33.867957],[-95.753513,33.856464],[-95.758016,33.85008],[-95.772067,33.843817],[-95.776255,33.845145],[-95.789867,33.857686],[-95.805149,33.861304],[-95.820596,33.858465],[-95.821666,33.856633],[-95.818976,33.844456],[-95.820784,33.840564],[-95.828245,33.836054],[-95.837516,33.83564],[-95.859469,33.852456],[-95.881292,33.860627],[-95.915961,33.881148],[-95.935198,33.887101],[-95.937202,33.884652],[-95.935308,33.878724],[-95.936631,33.870615],[-95.941267,33.861619],[-95.944284,33.859811],[-95.951609,33.857017],[-95.972156,33.856371],[-95.980966,33.859307],[-95.984254,33.864403],[-95.991487,33.866869],[-95.996748,33.864403],[-95.998351,33.851049],[-96.005296,33.845505],[-96.019599,33.840566],[-96.022065,33.843196],[-96.022229,33.850923],[-96.029463,33.852402],[-96.037191,33.841245],[-96.048834,33.836468],[-96.084626,33.846656],[-96.100095,33.847971],[-96.101473,33.846709],[-96.097638,33.837935],[-96.097448,33.832725],[-96.09936,33.83047],[-96.109993,33.832396],[-96.122951,33.839964],[-96.14807,33.837799],[-96.15163,33.831946],[-96.148792,33.819197],[-96.150765,33.816987],[-96.164217,33.817001],[-96.17589,33.814627],[-96.178964,33.810553],[-96.17515,33.801951],[-96.162123,33.79614],[-96.162757,33.788769],[-96.169452,33.770131],[-96.178059,33.760518],[-96.1999,33.752117],[-96.220521,33.74739],[-96.229023,33.748021],[-96.269896,33.768405],[-96.277269,33.769735],[-96.292482,33.766419],[-96.303009,33.750878],[-96.307389,33.735005],[-96.307035,33.719987],[-96.309964,33.710489],[-96.316925,33.698997],[-96.321103,33.6951],[-96.348306,33.686379],[-96.355946,33.687155],[-96.362198,33.691818],[-96.363253,33.70105],[-96.36959,33.716809],[-96.408469,33.751192],[-96.422643,33.776041],[-96.436455,33.78005],[-96.448045,33.781031],[-96.459154,33.775232],[-96.500268,33.772583],[-96.511914,33.781478],[-96.515912,33.787795],[-96.516584,33.803168],[-96.526655,33.820891],[-96.532865,33.823005],[-96.551223,33.819129],[-96.572937,33.819098],[-96.592926,33.830916],[-96.623155,33.841483],[-96.62929,33.845488],[-96.628969,33.852407],[-96.61197,33.869016],[-96.597348,33.875101],[-96.590112,33.880665],[-96.58536,33.888948],[-96.587934,33.894784],[-96.628294,33.894477],[-96.659896,33.916666],[-96.667187,33.91694],[-96.673449,33.912278],[-96.680947,33.896204],[-96.683464,33.884217],[-96.682209,33.873876],[-96.684727,33.862905],[-96.690708,33.849959],[-96.699574,33.839049],[-96.712422,33.831633],[-96.761588,33.824406],[-96.766235,33.825458],[-96.770676,33.829621],[-96.776766,33.841976],[-96.780569,33.860098],[-96.783485,33.863534],[-96.794276,33.868886],[-96.832157,33.874835],[-96.839778,33.868396],[-96.841592,33.852894],[-96.845896,33.848975],[-96.85609,33.84749],[-96.866438,33.853149],[-96.88301,33.868019],[-96.895728,33.896414],[-96.899442,33.933728],[-96.907387,33.950025],[-96.9163,33.957798],[-96.922114,33.959579],[-96.944611,33.949217]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Oklahoma\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ee4b07f02db6549e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rea, Alan","contributorId":41018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":40697,"text":"ofr99554A - 1999 - Digital Geologic Map of the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-05T19:59:48","indexId":"ofr99554A","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-554","chapter":"A","title":"Digital Geologic Map of the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California","docAbstract":"This digital geologic map of the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and vicinity, as well as its accompanying digital geophysical maps, are compiled at 1:100,000 scale. The map compilation presents new polygon (geologic map unit contacts), line (fault, fold axis, metamorphic isograd, dike, and caldera wall) and point (structural attitude) vector data for the NTS and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California. The map area covers two 30 x 60-minute quadrangles-the Pahute Mesa quadrangle to the north and the Beatty quadrangle to the south-plus a strip of 7.5-minute quadrangles on the east side-72 quadrangles in all. In addition to the NTS, the map area includes the rest of the southwest Nevada volcanic field, part of the Walker Lane, most of the Amargosa Desert, part of the Funeral and Grapevine Mountains, some of Death Valley, and the northern Spring Mountains. This geologic map improves on previous geologic mapping of the same area (Wahl and others, 1997) by providing new and updated Quaternary and bedrock geology, new geophysical interpretations of faults beneath the basins, and improved GIS coverages. Concurrent publications to this one include a new isostatic gravity map (Ponce and others, 1999) and a new aeromagnetic map (Ponce, 1999).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr99554A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations OfficeU.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Slate, J.L., Berry, M.E., Rowley, P.D., Fridrich, C.J., Morgan, K.S., Workman, J.B., Young, O.D., Dixon, G.L., Williams, V., McKee, E.H., Ponce, D.A., Hildenbrand, T.G., Swadley, W.C., Lundstrom, S.C., Ekren, E.B., Warren, R.G., Cole, J., Fleck, R.J., Lanphere, M.A., Sawyer, D.A., Minor, S.A., Grunwald, D.J., Laczniak, R.J., Menges, C., Yount, J., and Jayko, A.S., 1999, Digital Geologic Map of the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California (Online Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-554, Report: 54 p. + 2 Plates - Plate 1: 36 x 46 inches, Plate 2: 15 x 26 inches; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99554A.","productDescription":"Report: 54 p. + 2 Plates - Plate 1: 36 x 46 inches, Plate 2: 15 x 26 inches; Data Files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":171237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3675,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0554/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110060,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25591.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25591"}],"scale":"120000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,36.5 ], [ -117,37.5 ], [ -115.86749999999999,37.5 ], [ -115.86749999999999,36.5 ], [ -117,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d633","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slate, Janet L. 0000-0002-2870-9068 jslate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-9068","contributorId":252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"Janet","email":"jslate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4113-8212 meberry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-8212","contributorId":1544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Margaret","email":"meberry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowley, Peter D.","contributorId":27435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fridrich, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2453-6478 fridrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-6478","contributorId":1251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"Christopher","email":"fridrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morgan, Karen S.","contributorId":78783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Workman, Jeremiah B. 0000-0001-7816-6420 jworkman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-6420","contributorId":714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Workman","given":"Jeremiah","email":"jworkman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, Owen D.","contributorId":46627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dixon, Gary L.","contributorId":23571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Williams, Van S.","contributorId":38583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Van S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":223787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Swadley, W. C.","contributorId":46940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swadley","given":"W.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lundstrom, Scott C. 0000-0003-4149-2219 sclundst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-2219","contributorId":2446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"Scott","email":"sclundst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ekren, E. Bartlett","contributorId":47644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekren","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bartlett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Warren, Richard G.","contributorId":39646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":21539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":223786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":223782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Grunwald, Daniel J.","contributorId":105373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grunwald","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Menges, Christopher M.","contributorId":20409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menges","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Yount, James C.","contributorId":39341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Jayko, Angela S. 0000-0002-7378-0330 ajayko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":2531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"Angela","email":"ajayko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":24574,"text":"ofr99524 - 1999 - Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Workshop Report 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr99524","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-524","title":"Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Workshop Report 1998","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99524","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Gelfenbaum, G., and Kaminsky, G.M., 1999, Southwest Washington Coastal Erosion Workshop Report 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-524, 182 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99524.","productDescription":"182 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0524/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53621,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0524/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e71d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaminsky, George M.","contributorId":83150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminsky","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38099,"text":"ofr99376 - 1999 - National coal resource assessment non-proprietary data: Location, stratigraphy, and coal quality for selected tertiary coal in the Northern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-05T15:59:37","indexId":"ofr99376","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-376","title":"National coal resource assessment non-proprietary data: Location, stratigraphy, and coal quality for selected tertiary coal in the Northern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains region","docAbstract":"One of the objectives of the National Coal Resource Assessment in the Northern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains region was to compile stratigraphic and coal quality-trace-element data on selected and potentially minable coal beds and zones of the Fort Union Formation (Paleocene) and equivalent formations. In order to implement this objective, drill-hole information was compiled from hard-copy and digital files of the: (1) U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) offices in Casper, Rawlins, and Rock Springs, Wyoming, and in Billings, Montana, (2) State geological surveys of Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming, (3) Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality in Cheyenne, (4) U.S. Office of Surface Mining in Denver, Colorado, (5) U.S. Geological Survey, National Coal Resource Data System (NCRDS) in Reston, Virginia, (6) U.S. Geological Survey coal publications, (7) university theses, and (8) mining companies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99376","isbn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Flores, R.M., Ochs, A., Stricker, G.D., Ellis, M., Roberts, S.B., Keighin, C.W., Murphy, E., Cavaroc, V., Johnson, R.C., and Wilde, E., 1999, National coal resource assessment non-proprietary data: Location, stratigraphy, and coal quality for selected tertiary coal in the Northern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-376, ii, 12 p.; Also available on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99376.","productDescription":"ii, 12 p.; Also available on CD-ROM","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_99_376.jpg"},{"id":263718,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0376/"},{"id":263719,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0376/OF99-376.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flores, Romeo M. rflores@usgs.gov","contributorId":71984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Romeo","email":"rflores@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":218896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ochs, A.M.","contributorId":13285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ochs","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, G. D.","contributorId":38977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellis, M.S.","contributorId":64301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roberts, S. B.","contributorId":25143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keighin, C. W.","contributorId":79887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keighin","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Murphy, E.C.","contributorId":86745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cavaroc, V.V. Jr.","contributorId":79933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavaroc","given":"V.V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, R. C. 0000-0002-6197-5165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":101621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":218900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wilde, E.M.","contributorId":31444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":31137,"text":"ofr99539 - 1999 - Compilation of geophysical and sedimentological data sets for West-Central Florida Coastal Studies Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T12:07:16","indexId":"ofr99539","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-539","title":"Compilation of geophysical and sedimentological data sets for West-Central Florida Coastal Studies Project","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr99539","usgsCitation":"Locker, S., Brooks, G.R., Hines, A., Davis, R.A., Twichell, D., and Doyle, L.J., 1999, Compilation of geophysical and sedimentological data sets for West-Central Florida Coastal Studies Project: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-539, One disc. CD-R disc-on-demand. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99539.","productDescription":"One disc. CD-R disc-on-demand. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334971,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0539/ofr99539.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locker, S. D.","contributorId":81532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, G. R.","contributorId":96312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, A.C.","contributorId":95108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, R. A.","contributorId":83488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doyle, L. J.","contributorId":29003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":25580,"text":"wri984050 - 1999 - Hydrogeology of the unsaturated zone, North Ramp area of the Exploratory Studies Facility, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T17:32:03","indexId":"wri984050","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4050","title":"Hydrogeology of the unsaturated zone, North Ramp area of the Exploratory Studies Facility, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Yucca Mountain, in southern Nevada, is being investigated by the U.S. Department of Energy as a potential site for a repository for high-level radioactive waste. This report documents the results of surface-based geologic, pneumatic, hydrologic, and geochemical studies conducted during 1992 to 1996 by the U.S. Geological Survey in the vicinity of the North Ramp of the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) that are pertinent to understanding multiphase fluid flow within the deep unsaturated zone. Detailed stratigraphic and structural characteristics of the study area provided the hydrogeologic framework for these investigations.
\nMultiple lines of evidence indicate that gas flow and liquid flow within the welded tuffs of the unsaturated zone occur primarily through fractures. Fracture densities are highest in the Tiva Canyon welded (TCw) and Topopah Spring welded (TSw) hydrogeologic units. Although fracture density is much lower in the intervening nonwelded and bedded tuffs of the Paintbrush nonwelded hydrogeologic unit (PTn), pneumatic and aqueous-phase isotopic evidence indicates that substantial secondary permeability is present locally in the PTn, especially in the vicinity of faults. Borehole air-injection tests indicate that bulk air-permeability ranges from 3.5x10-14 to 5.4x10-11 square meters for the welded tuffs and from 1.2x10-13 to 3.0x10-12 square meters for the non welded and bedded tuffs of the PTn. Analyses of in-situ pneumatic-pressure data from monitored boreholes produced estimates of bulk permeability that were comparable to those determined from the air-injection tests. In many cases, both sets of estimates are two to three orders of magnitude larger than estimates based on laboratory analyses of unfractured core samples. The in-situ pneumatic-pressure records also indicate that the unsaturated-zone pneumatic system consists of four subsystems that coincide with the four major hydrogeologic units of the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain. In descending order, these hydrogeologic units are the Tiva Canyon welded (TCw), Paintbrush nonwelded (PTn), Topopah Spring welded (TSw ), and Calico Hills nonwelded (CHn).
\nDeep percolation takes place as episodic pulses of inflow that propagate rapidly to depth and apparently bypass most of the rock matrix. Field-scale and core-scale water potentials throughout much of the PTn and TSw are very high, generally greater than -0.3 megapascals, and are nearly depth invariant. Thus, the imbibition capacity of the densely welded tuffs, at least near fractures, is very small because of low matrix permeabilities and low water-potential gradients across the fracture-matrix interface. The combination of high fracture permeability, high water potentials, high matrix saturations, and low matrix permeabilities results in a percolation environment that favors deep fracture flow. The episodic pulses of inflow are evidenced in the sporadic but nevertheless commonplace occurrence of water with concentrations of radioactive isotopes indicative of origins postdating the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. High concentrations of tritium have been detected at many horizons within the PTn and in the top of the TSw. Much lower concentrations of tritium, indicating the mixing of a bomb-pulse component with older water, have been detected in the deeper sections of the TSw and in the CHn.
\nEvidence for fracture flow also is apparent in the widespread occurrence of perched water with chemical and isotopic signatures that indicate a fracture-flow origin for at least some of this water. In the North Ramp area, perched water has been detected at the base of the Topopah Spring Tuff or in the top of the underlying non welded to partially welded tuffs of the Calico Hills Formation in every dry-drilled borehole of sufficient depth to penetrate the Topopah Spring Tuff-Calico Hills Formation contact. The concentrations of the major ions of the perched water are similar to that of TSw pore water at borehole UZ-14, CHn pore water, and saturated-zone water at boreholes NRG-7 a and SD-9. The absolute chloride concentration of the perched water, however, is much lower than the chloride concentration of pore water from either the PTn or the TSw. The chemical and isotopic compositions of perched water indicate that this water was derived primarily from fracture flow, with little or no contribution from water in the matrix of the overlying rock. Carbon-14 ages of perched water range from 3,000 to 7,000 years. Strontium-87 isotope ratios indicate dissolution of surficial pedogenic calcite and calcite fracture fillings, which supports a fracture-flow origin for perched water. Moreover, carbon-13 and deuterium isotope values indicate rapid infiltration into fractures with little or no prior evaporation.
\nEvidence for deep fracture flow into the Calico Hills Formation at UZ-14 is indicated by carbon-14 values that are from 65 and 95 percent modem carbon, equivalent to apparent ages of about 3,500 to 500 years. Some of these ages are younger than age estimates for perched water in the overlying Topopah Spring Tuff and are much younger than any that could be derived from a matrix-flow model.
\nEvidence is lacking for extensive lateral flow within the PTn or for interception and diversion of this flow downward along structural pathways (faults), two key features of the original conceptual model for unsaturated flow at Yucca Mountain. Where data are available to infer lateral flow in the PTn, it is not certain that fracture flow could not have produced the same results. Pneumatic data, derived primarily from analysis of the interference effects from excavation of the North Ramp tunnel, indicate that faults within the Topopah Spring Tuff are open over substantial distances and are very permeable. Tunnel-boring-induced pneumatic disturbances have been propagated along these faults over distances that exceed 500 meters. These disturbances also have been detected in the pneumatic-pressure record of the overlying PTn in the vicinity of these faults. In spite of the apparent high permeability of faults, the existing data have neither confirmed nor refuted the hypothetical role of these faults in intercepting lateral flow from within or from above the PTn and diverting this flow downward into the deeper subsurface.
\nOn the basis of measured temperature gradients within the TSw, deep percolation appears to be greatest beneath active channels of major drainages, diminishing toward the margins and hillslopes bordering these channels. Numerical simulations indicate that this downward percolation is accompanied by lateral spreading as the percolation front moves downward through the PTn and across the contact between the PTn and underlying TSw. Temperature data from a well-documented site in Pagany Wash indicate the presence of a significant heat-flow deficit between the PTn and underlying TSw that most likely is due to nonconductive heat-flow processes with substantial capacity to extract heat. Percolation fluxes on the order of 10 to 20 millimeters per year beneath the Pagany Wash channel and on the order of 5 millimeters per year or less beneath the hillslopes bordering this drainage accounted for the apparent heat-flow deficit. Analyses of borehole temperature gradients in Drill Hole Wash indicate similar percolation fluxes and flux distributions within that drainage. An analysis of residence times estimated from uncorrected carbon-14 activities of perched-water samples and estimates for the volume of the structurally controlled reservoir, however, showed that the perched-water reservoir intersected by borehole UZ-14 under Drill Hole Wash could be sustained by percolation fluxes through the TSw of as little as 0.001 to 0.29 millimeter per year.
\nThe significance and implications of these findings with respect to waste isolation are discussed in the appendix of this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survery","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wri984050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy, under Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-97NV12033, Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000","usgsCitation":"Kwicklis, E.M., and Gillies, D.C., 1999, Hydrogeology of the unsaturated zone, North Ramp area of the Exploratory Studies Facility, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4050, xiii, 244 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984050.","productDescription":"xiii, 244 p.","numberOfPages":"260","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":687,"text":"Yucca Mountain Project Branch","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290197,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4050/report.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 11","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.31,33.19 ], [ -119.31,40.0 ], [ -113.0,40.0 ], [ -113.0,33.19 ], [ -119.31,33.19 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6842d7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rousseau, Joseph P.","contributorId":22030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rousseau","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504031,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwicklis, Edward M.","contributorId":25970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwicklis","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504032,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gillies, Daniel C.","contributorId":39824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillies","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504033,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kwicklis, Edward M.","contributorId":25970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwicklis","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillies, Daniel C.","contributorId":39824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillies","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31118,"text":"ofr9912 - 1999 - Distribution of altered rock material in the Kerber Creek drainage basin, Saguache County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:13","indexId":"ofr9912","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-12","title":"Distribution of altered rock material in the Kerber Creek drainage basin, Saguache County, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9912","usgsCitation":"Livo, K., Watson, K., Knepper, D.H., and Hummer-Miller, S., 1999, Distribution of altered rock material in the Kerber Creek drainage basin, Saguache County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-12, One CD-ROM. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9912.","productDescription":"One CD-ROM. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livo, K.E. 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":61471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watson, Ken","contributorId":90317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knepper, D. H. Jr.","contributorId":106129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepper","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hummer-Miller, Susanne","contributorId":38572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hummer-Miller","given":"Susanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31120,"text":"ofr9926 - 1999 - Subsurface, high-resolution, seismic images from Cherry Valley, San Bernardino County, California: Implications for water resources and earthquake hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T21:11:46.361138","indexId":"ofr9926","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-26","title":"Subsurface, high-resolution, seismic images from Cherry Valley, San Bernardino County, California: Implications for water resources and earthquake hazards","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9926","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Gandhok, G., Goldman, M.R., Horta, E., Rymer, M.J., Martin, P., and Christensen, A., 1999, Subsurface, high-resolution, seismic images from Cherry Valley, San Bernardino County, California: Implications for water resources and earthquake hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-26, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9926.","productDescription":"57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392886,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_38842.htm"},{"id":59684,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0026/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Cherry Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.9743537902832,\n 33.96891844368684\n ],\n [\n -116.96680068969727,\n 33.96891844368684\n ],\n [\n -116.96680068969727,\n 33.98130336486332\n ],\n [\n -116.9743537902832,\n 33.98130336486332\n ],\n [\n -116.9743537902832,\n 33.96891844368684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699965","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gandhok, G.","contributorId":47423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandhok","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, M. R.","contributorId":106934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horta, Elba","contributorId":86803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horta","given":"Elba","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rymer, M. J.","contributorId":90694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Christensen, A.","contributorId":66310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1008123,"text":"1008123 - 1999 - Enhancement of PAHs in estuarine invertebrates by surface runoff at a decommissioned military fuel depot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-09T16:41:11.141366","indexId":"1008123","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancement of PAHs in estuarine invertebrates by surface runoff at a decommissioned military fuel depot","docAbstract":"Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined in blue mussels (Mytilus spp.) and shore crabs (Hemigrapsus sp.) at a recently closed military fuel depot in central San Francisco Bay, California. In April 1996, during a period of above average precipitation, specimens were collected at the depot, near the depot, and at sites 10 and 20 km south of the depot. Four weeks after the rains ended, blue mussels were again collected at the depot, and at two additional sites in the central Bay region. In April, total PAHs in mussels from the depot were significantly higher only than that in mussels collected 20 km from the depot; however, seven specific, substituted PAHs were higher at the depot than at all other sites. In June, only two of the 38 PAHs common in mussels in April were detected at the depot; these concentrations were comparable to ambient concentrations in mussels at the Bay. It seemed that bioavailability of PAHs at the depot was enhanced by rainfall, probably due to the mobilization of PAHs via groundwater into the Bay. Concentrations in mussels from chronically contaminated sites were about five times higher than mussels collected from the depot. Low PAH concentrations were detected in shore crabs near the depot, and the highest levels were not associated with the depot. Observed PAH concentrations are discussed in relation to upper trophic organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0141-1136(98)00104-4","usgsCitation":"Miles, A., and Roster, N., 1999, Enhancement of PAHs in estuarine invertebrates by surface runoff at a decommissioned military fuel depot: Marine Environmental Research, v. 47, no. 1, p. 49-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(98)00104-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.58638094744416,\n 38.00001783068984\n ],\n [\n -122.58638094744416,\n 37.43063717265774\n ],\n [\n -121.9309321093912,\n 37.43063717265774\n ],\n [\n -121.9309321093912,\n 38.00001783068984\n ],\n [\n -122.58638094744416,\n 38.00001783068984\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6026ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roster, N.","contributorId":69102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roster","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30851,"text":"wri994240 - 1999 - Sediment accumulation and water volume in Loch Raven Reservoir, Baltimore County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"wri994240","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4240","title":"Sediment accumulation and water volume in Loch Raven Reservoir, Baltimore County, Maryland","docAbstract":"Baltimore City and its metropolitan area are supplied with water from three reservoirs, Liberty Reservoir, Prettyboy Reservoir, and Loch Raven Reservoir. Prettyboy and Loch Raven Reservoirs are located on the Gunpowder Falls (figure 1). The many uses of the reservoir system necessitate coordination and communication among resource managers. The 1996 Amendment to the Safe Drinking Water Act require States to complete source-water assessments for public drinking-water supplies. As part of an ongoing effort to provide safe drinking water and as a direct result of these laws, the City of Baltimore and the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE), in cooperation with other State and local agencies, are studying the Gunpowder Falls Basin and its role as a source of water supply to the Baltimore area. As a part of this study, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Maryland Geological Survey (MGS), with funding provided by the City of Baltimore and MDE, is examining sediment accumulation in Loch Raven Reservoir.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe Baltimore City Department of Public Works periodically determines the amount of water that can be stored in its reservoirs. To make this determination, field crews measure the water depth along predetermined transects or ranges. These transects provide consistent locations where water depth, or bathymetric, measurements can be made. Range surveys are repeated to provide a record of the change in storage capacity due to sediment accumulation over time. Previous bathymetric surveys of Loch Raven Reservoir were performed in 1943, 1961, 1972, and 1985. Errors in data-collection and analysis methods have been assessed and documented (Baltimore City Department of Public Works, 1989). Few comparisons can be made among survey results because of changing data-collection techniques and analysis methods.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri994240","usgsCitation":"Banks, W.S., and LaMotte, A.E., 1999, Sediment accumulation and water volume in Loch Raven Reservoir, Baltimore County, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4240, 1 over-size sheet. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994240.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2732,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://md.water.usgs.gov/publications/wrir-99-4240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63572b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, William S.L.","contributorId":35281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaMotte, Andrew E. 0000-0002-1434-6518 alamotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-6518","contributorId":2842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"Andrew","email":"alamotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":42962,"text":"ofr99559 - 1999 - Stratigraphic framework maps of the nearshore area of southern Long Island from Fire Island to Montauk Point, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:04","indexId":"ofr99559","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-559","title":"Stratigraphic framework maps of the nearshore area of southern Long Island from Fire Island to Montauk Point, New York","docAbstract":"The maps presented in this report (depth to Coastal Plain unconformity, Quaternary sediment thickness, paleochannel thickness, and modern sand thickness) are helpful for determining sand-resource availability for beach nourishment programs and understanding the influence that the inner-shelf framework of southern Long Island has on coastal processes and evolution. The maps showing structure of the Coastal Plain unconformity and thickness of overlying Quaternary sediment delineate the framework of the coastal region. The map showing the distribution and thickness of paleochannel fill indicates areas not suitable as sources for beach nourishment, assuming the channels contain muddy estuarine deposits. The areas between channels are Pleistocene glacial deposits and probably consist of coarse sediment that may be suitable for beach nourishment. These coarser-grained glacial deposits are the source for modern sand deposits. The modern sands have been reworked primarily from glacial deposits and a Cretaceous outcrop off Watch Hill. These reworked deposits provide well-sorted clean sand that have and will provide nourishment for southern Long Island beaches.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr99559","usgsCitation":"Foster, D.S., Swift, B.A., and Schwab, W.C., 1999, Stratigraphic framework maps of the nearshore area of southern Long Island from Fire Island to Montauk Point, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-559, 6 maps on 2 sheets :col. ;35 x 64 cm. or smaller, sheets 102 x 139 cm., folded to 26 x 22 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99559.","productDescription":"6 maps on 2 sheets :col. ;35 x 64 cm. or smaller, sheets 102 x 139 cm., folded to 26 x 22 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110065,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25678.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25678"},{"id":168935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3689,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of99-559","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, David S. 0000-0003-1205-0884 dfoster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0884","contributorId":1320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"David","email":"dfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":227490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swift, B. Ann","contributorId":92685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":227491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":227489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5551,"text":"fs01999 - 1999 - Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:46","indexId":"fs01999","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"019-99","title":"Louisiana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs01999","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 019-99, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01999.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_019_99.bmp"},{"id":183,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/fs-019-99","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}