Test well BN-483, near the Better Brite Superfund Site, was drilled to a total depth of 169 feet below land surface. The Ordovician-age Sinnipee Group, which includes the Galena Dolomite, and the Decorah and Platteville Formations, was encountered from about 25 feet below land surface to a depth of about 160 feet. Analysis of core samples and single-well aquifer tests of the dolomites indicate low matrix porosity (1.8 to 7.7 percent) and low horizontal hydraulic conductivity (5.0 x 10-4 to 3.4 x 10-3 feet per day). Significant differences in hydraulic head between Sinnipee Group dolomites and the underlying Sandstone Aquifer (represented by the Glenwood Formation sandstones in test well BN-483) are the result of municipal pumping from the Sandstone Aquifer. The difference in hydraulic head, along with the low porosity and hydraulic conductivity of the Sinnipee Group dolomites, indicates limited hydraulic connection between the Sandstone Aquifer and the shallow aquifer within the glacial sediments.
Because of the low hydraulic conductivity of the dolomites, sufficient water for analysis was recovered from only the uppermost interval of test well BN-483 at a depth of 35-52 feet. No inorganic contaminants of environmental concern were detected. Toluene was the only VOC identified, at an estimated concentration of about 2 micrograms/liter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5","usgsCitation":"Batten, W.G., Yeskis, D.J., and Dunning, C., 1999, Hydrogeologic properties of the Ordovician Sinnipee Group at test well BN-483, Better Brite Superfund Site, De Pere, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4199, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994199.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415724,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23279.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54903,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4199/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122961,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4199/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Brown County","city":"De Pere","otherGeospatial":"Better Brite Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.07169845351447,\n 44.43689462723037\n ],\n [\n -88.07169845351447,\n 44.44805888800394\n ],\n [\n -88.08240478125876,\n 44.44805888800394\n ],\n [\n -88.08240478125876,\n 44.43689462723037\n ],\n [\n -88.07169845351447,\n 44.43689462723037\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696051","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batten, W. G.","contributorId":89504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batten","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeskis, Douglas J. djyeskis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeskis","given":"Douglas","email":"djyeskis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunning, Charles P. cdunning@usgs.gov","contributorId":892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"Charles P.","email":"cdunning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27679,"text":"wri984204 - 1999 - Trends in Water Quality of New Jersey Streams, Water Years 1986-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri984204","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4204","title":"Trends in Water Quality of New Jersey Streams, Water Years 1986-95","docAbstract":"Trend tests were conducted on values of 24 water-quality characteristics measured at 83 surface-water-quality stations on streams in New Jersey during water years 1986-95. Characteristics tested include physical properties and concentrations of nutrients, bacteria, and major dissolved constituents. Seasonal Kendall uncensored tests and tobit regression were used to determine whether unadjusted values of water quality or flow-adjusted values of water quality increased or decreased during this period.\r\n\r\nResults of tests on instantaneous streamflow measured at the time of water-quality measurements indicate that streamflow decreased during the period of study; 20 of the 81 stations tested showed decreasing values of instantaneous streamflow. No station showed increasing values of instantaneous streamflow. Because the locations of stations with decreasing streamflow are widespread, it is likely that these trends are due to changes in weather patterns rather than to changes in the amount of water withdrawals.\r\n\r\nResults of tests on nutrients are consistent with the expected effects of upgrades to sewage-treatment plants, which occurred in the State of New Jersey during the period of study. For all nutrients tested other than total nitrate plus nitrite, more stations showed decreasing unadjusted and flow-adjusted values than showed increasing unadjusted and flow-adjusted values.\r\n\r\nResults for eight major dissolved constituents--specific conductance, total hardness, and dissolved concentrations of solids, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride--of the nine tested showed more stations with increasing values than stations with decreasing values. Only dissolved sulfate did not show more increases than decreases.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri984204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Hickman, R.E., and Barringer, T.H., 1999, Trends in Water Quality of New Jersey Streams, Water Years 1986-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4204, vi, 174 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984204.","productDescription":"vi, 174 p.","temporalStart":"1985-10-01","temporalEnd":"1995-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11421,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri98-4204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,39 ], [ -76,42 ], [ -73.5,42 ], [ -73.5,39 ], [ -76,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486fe4b07f02db50ce70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barringer, Thomas H.","contributorId":42252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25991,"text":"wri994172 - 1999 - Site-specific estimation of peak-streamflow frequency using generalized least-squares regression for natural basins in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T14:35:16","indexId":"wri994172","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4172","title":"Site-specific estimation of peak-streamflow frequency using generalized least-squares regression for natural basins in Texas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation, has developed a computer program to estimate peak-streamflow frequency for ungaged sites in natural basins in Texas. Peak-streamflow frequency refers to the peak streamflows for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. Peak-streamflow frequency estimates are needed by planners, managers, and design engineers for flood-plain management; for objective assessment of flood risk; for cost-effective design of roads and bridges; and also for the desin of culverts, dams, levees, and other flood-control structures. The program estimates peak-streamflow frequency using a site-specific approach and a multivariate generalized least-squares linear regression. A site-specific approach differs from a traditional regional regression approach by developing unique equations to estimate peak-streamflow frequency specifically for the ungaged site. The stations included in the regression are selected using an informal cluster analysis that compares the basin characteristics of the ungaged site to the basin characteristics of all the stations in the data base. The program provides several choices for selecting the stations. Selecting the stations using cluster analysis ensures that the stations included in the regression will have the most pertinent information about flooding characteristics of the ungaged site and therefore provide the basis for potentially improved peak-streamflow frequency estimation. An evaluation of the site-specific approach in estimating peak-streamflow frequency for gaged sites indicates that the site-specific approach is at least as accurate as a traditional regional regression approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994172","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., and Slade, R., 1999, Site-specific estimation of peak-streamflow frequency using generalized least-squares regression for natural basins in Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4172, iii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994172.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1993,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994172","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d3e4b07f02db548d71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slade, R.M. Jr.","contributorId":40595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"R.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29965,"text":"wri994140 - 1999 - Hydrogeology and water quality of the upper Floridan aquifer, western Albany area, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T10:48:09","indexId":"wri994140","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4140","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of the upper Floridan aquifer, western Albany area, Georgia","docAbstract":"Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data were collected to refine the hydrogeologic framework conceptual model of the Upper Floridan aquifer, and to qualitatively evaluate the potential of human activities to impact water quality in the Upper Floridan aquifer in the western Albany area, Georgia. Ground-water age dating was conducted by using chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and tritium concentrations in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer to determine if recharge and possible contaminant migration to the aquifer is recent or occurred prior to the introduction of CFCs and tritium in the early 1950's into the global natural water system. Data were collected from core holes and wells installed during this study and previously existing wells in the Albany area.\r\n\r\nHydrogeologic data collected during this study compare well to the regional hydrogeologic conceptual model developed during previous studies. However, the greater data density available from this study shows the dynamic and local variability in the hydrologic character of the Upper Floridan aquifer in more detail. The occurrence of sediment sizes from clay to gravel in the overburden, the absence of overburden because of erosion or sinkhole collapse, and large areas lacking surface drainage west of the Flint River provide potential areas for recharge and contaminant migration from the surface to the Upper Floridan aquifer throughout the study area. Ground-water ages generally range from 9 to 34 years, indicating that recharge consisting of 'modern' water (post early-1950's) is present in the aquifer. Ground-water ages and hydraulic heads in the Upper Floridan aquifer have an irregular distribution, indicating that localized areas of recharge to the aquifer are present in the study area.\r\n\r\nGenerally, water in the Upper Floridan aquifer is calcium-bicarbonate rich, having low concentrations of magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Water in the Upper Floridan aquifer is oxygenated, having dissolved-oxygen concentrations greater than 2 milligrams per liter. Nitrite-plus-nitrate as nitrogen, is present in the aquifer at concentrations ranging from less than 0.02 to 5.5 milligrams per liter. Areas of higher nitrate concentrations in the aquifer, coupled with widely distributed localized recharge to the aquifer indicates that suburban residential and agricultural land use in the western Albany area may affect water quality in the Upper Floridan aquifer. However, concentrations exceeding drinking water criteria were not detected in the study area.\r\n\r\nGenerally, water in the Upper Floridan aquifer is calcium-bicarbonate rich, having low concentrations of magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Water in the Upper Floridan aquifer is oxygenated, having dissolved-oxygen concentrations greater than 2 milligrams per liter. Nitrite-plus-nitrate as nitrogen, is present in the aquifer at concentrations ranging from less than 0.02 to 5.5 milligrams per liter. Areas of higher nitrate concentrations in the aquifer, coupled with widely distributed localized recharge to the aquifer indicates that suburban residential and agricultural land use in the western Albany area may affect water quality in the Upper Floridan aquifer. However, concentrations exceeding drinking water criteria were not detected in the study area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994140","usgsCitation":"Stewart, L.M., Warner, D., and Dawson, B.J., 1999, Hydrogeology and water quality of the upper Floridan aquifer, western Albany area, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4140, v, 42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994140.","productDescription":"v, 42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2432,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri99-4140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Albany","otherGeospatial":"Upper Floridan Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86,31 ], [ -86,34 ], [ -82,34 ], [ -82,31 ], [ -86,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Lisa M.","contributorId":82741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, Debbie 0000-0002-5195-6657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-6657","contributorId":104106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Barbara J. 0000-0002-0209-8158 bjdawson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0209-8158","contributorId":1102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Barbara","email":"bjdawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28421,"text":"wri984221 - 1999 - Nutrient and sediment concentrations, trends, and loads from five subwatersheds in the Patuxent River Basin, Maryland, 1986-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T13:11:45","indexId":"wri984221","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4221","title":"Nutrient and sediment concentrations, trends, and loads from five subwatersheds in the Patuxent River Basin, Maryland, 1986-96","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984221","usgsCitation":"Lizarraga, J.S., 1999, Nutrient and sediment concentrations, trends, and loads from five subwatersheds in the Patuxent River Basin, Maryland, 1986-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4221, v, 31 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984221.","productDescription":"v, 31 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":274643,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4221/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696796","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lizarraga, Joy S.","contributorId":43735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lizarraga","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29506,"text":"wri984266 - 1999 - Water-resources-related information for the Oneida Reservation and vicinity, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T15:35:13","indexId":"wri984266","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4266","title":"Water-resources-related information for the Oneida Reservation and vicinity, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Water-resources information has been compiled from 82 studies in which data were collected from the Oneida Reservation and vicinity. Forty-seven studies addressed surface-water issues, 33 studies addressed ground-water issues, and 23 studies addressed aquatic-biology issues. Some multidisciplinary studies are included in more than one category.
\nMost of the surface-water studies summarized in this report included both water-quality and flow information. Several surface-water studies provided detailed short-term descriptions of surface- water quality and flow for parts of the Reservation and vicinity.
\nSurface-water and stream-sediment quality data from several data bases have been compiled for this report. Most of the compiled data come from two sites on Duck Creek. Data from Duck Creek were analyzed for trends in concentrations of suspended sediment, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, and dissolved atrazine. No trends were detected for any of these constituents. Trends in concentration of most constituents in surface-water samples were not calculated because of the short period of data collection at nearly all of the sites.
\nMost of the ground-water reports that were identified included both quality and quantity and flow information. None of the ground-water studies provided a detailed description of ground-water quality for the Reservation as a whole. Several reports provide varied and detailed information for ground-water models that are useful for understanding hydrogeology and ground-water flow for the Reservation and vicinity.
\nGround-water quality data from 180 wells, compiled from several data bases, provided an incomplete summary of the condition of the drinking- water resources of the Reservation. Only 12 constituents, from a small number of wells, exceeded a USEPA drinking-water limit. Most of the exceedences were for trace metals and organics. No exceedences for pesticides or nitrate were reported; however, pesticide data were collected from only a small number of wells.
\nMost of the aquatic biology studies described in this report include fish data, habitat data, or calculations of biotic index values, most of which comes from Duck Creek. Historical aquatic biology data for the Reservation and vicinity are limited. Most of the 23 studies described here were done since 1992. Most of the biota-quality data compiled for this report come from several sites on Duck Creek and represent a small number of samples.
\nResults of the community survey regarding the water resources of the Oneida Reservation indicate that water usage by Tribal members today has declined when compared to the past. The most common reason given for the decline in usage was pollution. Most of those surveyed perceived Duck Creek as being \"polluted,\" but about 50 percent thought that water quality in the Reservation was improving.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984266","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Saad, D.A., and Schmidt, M.A., 1999, Water-resources-related information for the Oneida Reservation and vicinity, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4266, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984266.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4266/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58350,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4266/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Brown County, Outagamie County","otherGeospatial":"Duck Creek, Fish Creek, Oneida Creek, Oneida Reservation, Trout Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.30947875976562,\n 44.262904233655384\n ],\n [\n -88.30947875976562,\n 44.55133484083592\n ],\n [\n -87.91259765625,\n 44.55133484083592\n ],\n [\n -87.91259765625,\n 44.262904233655384\n ],\n [\n -88.30947875976562,\n 44.262904233655384\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, Morgan A.","contributorId":64295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Morgan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27363,"text":"wri994041 - 1999 - Age, double porosity, and simple reaction modifications for the MOC3D ground-water transport model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-03T14:34:58","indexId":"wri994041","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4041","displayTitle":"Age, Double Porosity, and Simple Reaction Modifications for the MOC3D Ground-Water Transport Model","title":"Age, double porosity, and simple reaction modifications for the MOC3D ground-water transport model","docAbstract":"This report documents modifications for the MOC3D ground-water transport model to simulate (a) ground-water age transport; (b) double-porosity exchange; and (c) simple but flexible retardation, decay, and zero-order growth reactions. These modifications are incorporated in MOC3D version 3.0. MOC3D simulates the transport of a single solute using the method-of-characteristics numerical procedure. The age of ground water, that is the time since recharge to the saturated zone, can be simulated using the transport model with an additional source term of unit strength, corresponding to the rate of aging. The output concentrations of the model are in this case the ages at all locations in the model. Double porosity generally refers to a separate immobile-water phase within the aquifer that does not contribute to ground-water flow but can affect solute transport through diffusive exchange. The solute mass exchange rate between the flowing water in the aquifer and the immobile-water phase is the product of the concentration difference between the two phases and a linear exchange coefficient. Conceptually, double porosity can approximate the effects of dead-end pores in a granular porous media, or matrix diffusion in a fractured-rock aquifer. Options are provided for decay and zero-order growth reactions within the immobile-water phase. The simple reaction terms here extend the original model, which included decay and retardation. With these extensions, (a) the retardation factor can vary spatially within each model layer, (b) the decay rate coefficient can vary spatially within each model layer and can be different for the dissolved and sorbed phases, and (c) a zero-order growth reaction is added that can vary spatially and can be different in the dissolved and sorbed phases. The decay and growth reaction terms also can change in time to account for changing geochemical conditions during transport. The report includes a description of the theoretical basis of the model, a detailed description of input requirements and output options, and the results of model testing and evaluation. The model tests illustrate use of these modifications and demonstrate that accurate solutions can be obtained for these simple cases. Two test cases have no dispersion, illustrating the suitability of this method-of-characteristics model for simulation of advection-dominated transport in ground water.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994041","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., 1999, Age, double porosity, and simple reaction modifications for the MOC3D ground-water transport model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4041, vi, 34 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994041.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4041/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2206,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4041/wri19994041.pdf","text":"Report","size":"461 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1999-4041"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
A precipitation-runoff model, HSPF (Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran), of a 41.7 square mile part of the Ninemile Creek watershed near Camillus, in central New York, was developed and calibrated to predict the hydrological effects of future suburban development on streamflow, and the effects of stormwater detention on flooding of Ninemile Creek at Camillus. Development was represented in the model in two ways: (1) as a pervious area (open and residential land) that simulates the hydrologic response from mixed pervious and impervious areas that drain to pervious areas, or (2) as an impervious area that drains to channels. Simulations indicate that peak discharges for 30 non-winter storms in 1995-96 would increase by an average of 10 to 37 percent in response to a 10- to 100-percent buildup of developable land represented as open/residential land and by 40 to 68 percent in response to 10 to 100 percent buildup of developable area represented as impervious area. A 10 to 100 percent buildup of developable area represents an impervious area of about 1 to 7 percent of the watershed. A log Pearson Type-III analysis of peak annual discharge for October 1989 through September 1996 for simulations with full development represented as impervious area indicates that stormflows that formerly occurred once every 2 years on average will occur once every 1.5 years, and stormflows that formerly occurred once every 5 years will occur once every 3.3 years.
Simulations of a hypothetical 147-acre residential development in the lower part of the watershed with and without stormwater detention indicate that detention basins could cause either increase or decrease downstream flooding of Ninemile Creek at Camillus, depending on the basin.s available storage relative to its inflows and, hence, the timing of its peak outflow in relation to that of the peak discharge in Ninemile Creek; and the degree of flow retention by wetlands and other channel storage that affect the timing of peak discharges. Design and management of detention basins in the watershed will require analysis of each basin.s hydraulic characteristics and location relative to Ninemile Creek to predict their effect on downstream flooding. The runoff model described herein can be used to evaluate alternative detention basin designs and locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Camillus","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., 1999, A precipitation-runoff model for part of the Ninemile Creek watershed near Camillus, Onondaga County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4201, vii, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984201.","productDescription":"vii, 60 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4201/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":3005,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4201/wri19984201.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1998-4201"},{"id":400771,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49039.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Onondaga County","city":"Camillus","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.4,\n 42.875\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 42.875\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 43.1\n ],\n [\n -76.4,\n 43.1\n ],\n [\n -76.4,\n 42.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Eutrophication is a common problem for lakes in agricultural and urban areas, such as Lakes Wingra and Mendota in Madison, Wisconsin. This report describes a study to estimate the sources of phosphorus, a major contributor to eutrophication, to Lakes Wingra and Mendota from two small urban residential drainage basins. The Monroe Basin empties into Lake Wingra, and the Harper Basin into Lake Mendota. Phosphorus data were collected from streets, lawns, roofs, driveways, and parking lots (source areas) within these two basins and were used to estimate loads from each area. In addition to the samples collected from these source areas, flow-composite samples were collected at monitoring stations located at the watershed outfalls (storm sewers); discharge and rainfall also were measured. Resulting data were then used to calibrate the Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM, version 6.3, copyright 1993, Pitt & Vorhees) for conditions in the city of Madison and determine within these basins which of the source areas are contributing the most phosphorus.
\nWater volumes in the calibrated model were calculated to within 23 percent and 24 percent of those measured at the outfalls of each of the basins. These water volumes were applied to the suspended- solids and phosphorus concentrations that were used to calibrate SLAMM for suspended-solids and phosphorus loads. Suspended-solids loads were calculated to be within 4 percent and 17 percent, total-phosphorus loads within 24 percent and 28 percent, and dissolved-phosphorus loads within 9 percent and 10 percent of those measured at the storm-sewer outfall at the Monroe and Harper basins, respectively.
\nLawns and streets are the largest sources of total and dissolved phosphorus in the basins. Their combined contribution was approximately 80 percent, with lawns contributing more than the streets. Streets were the largest source of suspended solids.
\nStreet-dirt samples were collected using industrial vacuum equipment. Leaves in these samples were separated out and the remaining sediment was sieved into >250 mm, 250-63 mm, 63-25 mm, <25 mm size fractions and were analyzed for total phosphorus. Approximately 75 percent of the sediment mass resides in the >250 mm size fractions. Less than 5 percent of the mass can be found in the particle sizes less than 63 mm. The >250 mm size fraction also contributed nearly 50 percent of the total-phosphorus mass and the leaf fraction contributed an additional 30 percent. In each particle size, approximately 25 percent of the total-phosphorus mass is derived from leaves or other vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Madison, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Waschbusch, R.J., Selbig, W., and Bannerman, R.T., 1999, Sources of phosphorus in stormwater and street dirt from two urban residential basins in Madison, Wisconsin, 1994-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4021, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994021.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160948,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2511,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994021","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":310688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/WRIR-99-4021/WRIR-99-4021.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Madison","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mendota, Lake Menona, Lake Wingra","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.57015991210938,\n 43.038783344984836\n ],\n [\n -89.57015991210938,\n 43.174136889598124\n ],\n [\n -89.27215576171874,\n 43.174136889598124\n ],\n [\n -89.27215576171874,\n 43.038783344984836\n ],\n [\n -89.57015991210938,\n 43.038783344984836\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e75f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waschbusch, Robert J. 0000-0002-4069-0267 rjwaschb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-0267","contributorId":3447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waschbusch","given":"Robert","email":"rjwaschb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selbig, W.R.","contributorId":102106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bannerman, Roger T. 0000-0001-9221-2905 rbannerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9221-2905","contributorId":5560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bannerman","given":"Roger","email":"rbannerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25790,"text":"wri994211 - 1999 - Surface-geophysical investigation of the University of Connecticut landfill, Storrs, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-16T06:39:19","indexId":"wri994211","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4211","title":"Surface-geophysical investigation of the University of Connecticut landfill, Storrs, Connecticut","docAbstract":"A surface-geophysical investigation of the former landfill area at the University of Connecticut in Storrs, Conn. was conducted as part of a preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of the contamination of soil, surface water, and ground water at the site. Geophysical data were used to help determine the dominant direction of fracture strike; subsurface structure of the landfill; locations of possible leachate plumes, fracture zones or conductive lithologic layers; and the location and number of chemical waste-disposal pits. Azimuthal square-array direct-current (dc) resistivity, two-dimensional (2D) dc-resistivity, inductive terrain conductivity, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) were the methods used to characterize the landfill area.The dominant strike direction of bedrock fractures interpreted from azimuthal square-array resistivity data is north, ranging from 285 to 30 degrees east of True North. These results complement local geologic maps that identify bedrock foliation and fractures that strike approximately north-south and dip 30 to 40 degrees west.The subsurface structure of the landfill was imaged with 2D dc-resistivity profiling data, which were used to interpret a landfill thickness of 10 to 15 meters. Orientation of the landfill trash disposal trenches were detected by azimuthal square-array resistivity soundings; the dimension and the orientation of the trenches were verified by aerial photographs.Inductive terrain conductivity and 2D dc-resistivity profiling detected conductive anomalies that were interpreted as possible leachate plumes near two surface-water discharge areas. The conductive anomaly to the north of the landfill is interpreted to be a shallow leachate plume and dissipates to almost background levels 45 meters north of the landfill. The anomaly to the southwest is interpreted to extend vertically through the overburden and into the shallow bedrock and laterally along the intermittent drainage to Eagleville Brook, terminating 140 meters south of the landfill. Inductive terrain conductivity and 2D dc-resistivity profiling also detected two dipping, sheet-like conductive features that extend vertically into the bedrock. These features were interpreted either as fracture zones filled with conductive fluids or conductive lithologic layers between more resistive layers. One dipping conductive feature was detected south of the landfill, and the other feature was detected to the west of the former chemical waste-disposal pits. Both anomalies strike approximately north-south and dip about 30 degrees to the west.GPR was used unsuccessfully to locate the former chemical waste-disposal pits. Although the entire overburden and the upper few meters of bedrock were imaged, no anomalous features were detected with GPR that could be correlated with the pits. It is possible that the area surveyed by GPR was entirely backfilled after the soil was removed from the site and that the outline of the former chemical waste-disposal pits no longer exists. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994211","usgsCitation":"Powers, C.J., Wilson, J., Haeni, F., and Johnson, C., 1999, Surface-geophysical investigation of the University of Connecticut landfill, Storrs, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4211, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994211.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2044,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/publications/wri994211/wri994211.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","city":"Storrs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.27750778198242,\n 41.81073178596062\n ],\n [\n -72.2519302368164,\n 41.81073178596062\n ],\n [\n -72.2519302368164,\n 41.821606443011916\n ],\n [\n -72.27750778198242,\n 41.821606443011916\n ],\n [\n -72.27750778198242,\n 41.81073178596062\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a80b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powers, Christopher J.","contributorId":41464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Joanna","contributorId":58685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Joanna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":21781,"text":"ofr99544 - 1999 - Field trip guide to selected studies of the Southwest Mineral and Environmental Investigations Project in southeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:09:42.305621","indexId":"ofr99544","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-544","title":"Field trip guide to selected studies of the Southwest Mineral and Environmental Investigations Project in southeastern Arizona","docAbstract":"The Southwest Mineral and Environmental Investigations Project is designed to address issues raised by rapid urban development in the basins of the southwestern U.S. These issues require objective geoscientific data that can be used by land managers and stakeholders to develop informed land and water use strategies. The project integrates new and existing geologic, geophysical, and geochemical data, and imagery to provide three-dimensional visualizations of the basins of southeastern Arizona. Emphasis is on developing better knowledge of the aquifer systems of both the basins and the ranges, on acquiring background and baseline information, and on determining the distribution of metals related to mineralization and the fate of these metals in surface and subsurface environments. The products of the project will be used in resolving issues of water quality and quantity, in understanding environmental impacts such as riparian ecosystem maintenace, and in evaluating mineral resources beneath and within the basins.
\nThe field trip highlights three topics and areas (figs. 1 and 2): (1) geology and geophysics of the upper San Pedro and upper Santa Cruz basins (M.E. Gettings, M. W. Bultman, and B.B. Houser), (2) geology, geophysics, and mineral resource potential of the San Rafael basin (M.W. Bultman), and (3) hydrology and aqueous geochemistry of the Red Mountain and Sonoita Creek drainage system (Floyd Gray). The trip guide, which begins and ends in Tucson, Arizona, also includes commentary on the cultural and mining history of the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99544","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Houser, B.B., Gettings, M.E., Bultman, M., Gray, F., Caruthers, K., and Hirschberg, D., 1999, Field trip guide to selected studies of the Southwest Mineral and Environmental Investigations Project in southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-544, Report: 50 p., Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99544.","productDescription":"Report: 50 p., Readme","numberOfPages":"55","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99544.jpg"},{"id":285053,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0544/pdf/of99-544.pdf"},{"id":1204,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0544/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285052,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0544/readme.doc"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum 1927","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Rafael Basin, Red Mountain, Sonoita Creek, Upper San Pedro Basin, Upper Santa Cruz Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.249619,31.318448 ], [ -111.249619,32.500496 ], [ -109.749298,32.500496 ], [ -109.749298,31.318448 ], [ -111.249619,31.318448 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4b8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houser, B. B.","contributorId":46092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gettings, M. E.","contributorId":25148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bultman, M.W.","contributorId":107306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bultman","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, Floyd 0000-0002-0223-8966 fgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-8966","contributorId":603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Floyd","email":"fgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caruthers, K.R.","contributorId":19081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruthers","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hirschberg, D.M.","contributorId":84664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirschberg","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":26857,"text":"wri994165 - 1999 - Conceptual Model and Numerical Simulation of the Ground-Water-Flow System in the Unconsolidated Sediments of Thurston County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri994165","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4165","title":"Conceptual Model and Numerical Simulation of the Ground-Water-Flow System in the Unconsolidated Sediments of Thurston County, Washington","docAbstract":"The demand for water in Thurston County has increased steadily in recent years because of a rapid growth in population. Surface-water resources in the county have been fully appropriated for many years and Thurston County now relies entirely on ground water for new supplies of water. Thurston County is underlain by up to 2,000 feet of unconsolidated glacial and non-glacial Quaternary sediments which overlie consolidated rocks of Tertiary age. Six geohydrologic units have been identified within the unconsolidated sediments.\r\n\r\nBetween 1988 and 1990, median water levels rose 0.6 to 1.9 feet in all geohydrologic units except bedrock, in which they declined 1.4 feet. Greater wet-season precipitation in 1990 (43 inches) than in 1988 (26 inches) was the probable cause of the higher 1990 water levels.\r\n\r\nGround-water flow in the unconsolidated sediments underlying Thurston County was simulated with a computerized numerical model (MODFLOW). The model was constructed to simulate 1988 ground-water conditions as steady state.\r\n\r\nSimulated inflow to the model area from precipitation and secondary recharge was 620,000 acre-feet per year (93 percent), leakage from streams and lakes was 38,000 acre-ft/yr (6 percent), and ground water entering the model along the Chehalis River valley was 5,800 acre-ft/yr (1 percent). Simulated outflow from the model was primarily leakage to streams, springs, lakes, and seepage faces (500,000 acre-ft/yr or 75 percent of the total outflow). Submarine seepage to Puget Sound was simulated to be 88,000 acre-ft/yr (13 percent). Simulated ground-water discharge along the Chehalis River valley was simulated to be 12,000 acreft/yr (2 percent). Simulated withdrawals by wells for all purposes was 62,000 acre-ft/yr (9 percent).\r\n\r\nThe numerical model was used to simulate the possible effects of increasing ground-water withdrawals by 23,000 acre-ft/yr above the 1988 rate of withdrawal. The model indicated that the increased withdrawals would come from reduced discharge to springs, seepage faces, and offshore (total of 51 percent of increased pumping) and decreased flow to rivers (46 percent). About 3 percent would come from increased leakage from rivers. Water levels would decline more than 1 foot over most of the model area, more than 10 feet over some areas, and would be at a maximum of about 35 feet.\r\n\r\nContributing areas for water discharging at McAllister and Abbott Springs and to pumping centers near Tumwater and Lacey were estimated using a particle-tracking post-processing computer code (MODPATH) and a MODFLOW model calibrated to steady-state (1988) conditions. Water discharging at McAllister and Abbot Springs was determined to come from water entering the ground-water system at the water table in an area of about 20 square miles (mi2) to the west and south of the springs. This water is estimated to come from recharge (both precipitation and secondary) and from leakage from Lake St. Clair and several other surface-water bodies. Southeast of Lacey, about 3,800 acre-ft of ground water were pumped from five municipal wells during 1988. The source of the pumped water was determined to be an area that covers about 1.1 mi2. The water was estimated to come from recharge (both precipitation and secondary) and leakage from surface-water bodies. Along the lower Deschutes River nearly 3,900 acre-ft/yr of ground water were pumped during 1988 from 15 wells for municipal and industrial use. The calculated source of this water was an area that covers about 1.3 mi2. Within the calculated contributing area the pumped ground water comes from recharge (both precipitation and secondary) and leakage from the Deschutes River and several other surface-water bodies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994165","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Thurston County Health Department","usgsCitation":"Drost, B., Ely, D., and Lum, W.E., 1999, Conceptual Model and Numerical Simulation of the Ground-Water-Flow System in the Unconsolidated Sediments of Thurston County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4165, Total: 262 p.; Report: vi, 106 p.; Appendixes: Pages 107-254; Figure 21 PDF: 22 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994165.","productDescription":"Total: 262 p.; Report: vi, 106 p.; Appendixes: Pages 107-254; Figure 21 PDF: 22 x 34 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12408,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri994165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,46.5 ], [ -123.5,48.5 ], [ -121.5,48.5 ], [ -121.5,46.5 ], [ -123.5,46.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drost, B. W.","contributorId":38526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"B. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ely, D.M.","contributorId":33356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lum, W. E. II","contributorId":81504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"W.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26037,"text":"wri994017 - 1999 - A dynamic water-quality modeling framework for the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T13:05:19","indexId":"wri994017","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4017","title":"A dynamic water-quality modeling framework for the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina","docAbstract":"As a result of fish kills in the Neuse River estuary in 1995, nutrient reduction strategies were developed for point and nonpoint sources in the basin. However, because of the interannual variability in the natural system and the resulting complex hydrologic-nutrient inter- actions, it is difficult to detect through a short-term observational program the effects of management activities on Neuse River estuary water quality and aquatic health. A properly constructed water-quality model can be used to evaluate some of the potential effects of manage- ment actions on estuarine water quality. Such a model can be used to predict estuarine response to present and proposed nutrient strategies under the same set of meteorological and hydrologic conditions, thus removing the vagaries of weather and streamflow from the analysis.\r\n\r\nA two-dimensional, laterally averaged hydrodynamic and water-quality modeling framework was developed for the Neuse River estuary by using previously collected data. Development of the modeling framework consisted of (1) computational grid development, (2) assembly of data for model boundary conditions and model testing, (3) selection of initial values of model parameters, and (4) limited model testing.\r\n\r\nThe model domain extends from Streets Ferry to Oriental, N.C., includes seven lateral embayments that have continual exchange with the main- stem of the estuary, three point-source discharges, and three tributary streams. Thirty-five computational segments represent the mainstem of the estuary, and the entire framework contains a total of 60 computa- tional segments. Each computational cell is 0.5 meter thick; segment lengths range from 500 meters to 7,125 meters.\r\n\r\nData that were used to develop the modeling framework were collected during March through October 1991 and represent the most comprehensive data set available prior to 1997. Most of the data were collected by the North Carolina Division of Water Quality, the University of North Carolina Institute of Marine Sciences, and the U.S. Geological Survey.\r\n\r\nLimitations in the modeling framework were clearly identified. These limitations formed the basis for a set of suggestions to refine the Neuse River estuary water-quality model.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994017","usgsCitation":"Bales, J.D., and Robbins, J.C., 1999, A dynamic water-quality modeling framework for the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4017, iv, 35 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994017.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95575,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4017/report.pdf","size":"7285","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4017/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Neuse River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.61865234374999,\n 35.380092992092145\n ],\n [\n -78.914794921875,\n 36.37706783983682\n ],\n [\n -79.332275390625,\n 36.53612263184686\n ],\n [\n -79.925537109375,\n 36.518465989675875\n ],\n [\n -79.859619140625,\n 35.84453450421662\n ],\n [\n -79.310302734375,\n 35.29943548054545\n ],\n [\n -78.277587890625,\n 34.6060845921693\n ],\n [\n -77.36572265625,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -76.04736328125,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -76.475830078125,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -76.61865234374999,\n 35.380092992092145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aecc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, Jeanne C. 0000-0001-7804-0764 jrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-0764","contributorId":1586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Jeanne","email":"jrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25930,"text":"wri994033 - 1999 - Geologic controls of hydraulic conductivity in the Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri994033","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4033","title":"Geologic controls of hydraulic conductivity in the Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994033","usgsCitation":"Anderson, S.R., Kuntz, M., and Davis, L.C., 1999, Geologic controls of hydraulic conductivity in the Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4033, iv, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994033.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95568,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4033/report.pdf","size":"5401","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4033/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, S. R.","contributorId":93518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuntz, Mel A. 0000-0001-8828-5474","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-5474","contributorId":6446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"Mel A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Linda C. lcdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Linda","email":"lcdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26865,"text":"wri984210 - 1999 - Field screening of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the North Platte Project area, Nebraska and Wyoming, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T16:39:49","indexId":"wri984210","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4210","title":"Field screening of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the North Platte Project area, Nebraska and Wyoming, 1995","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984210","usgsCitation":"Druliner, A., Esmoil, B.J., and Spears, J.M., 1999, Field screening of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the North Platte Project area, Nebraska and Wyoming, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4210, iv, 43 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984210.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55755,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4210/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Druliner, A.D.","contributorId":8842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druliner","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esmoil, Brent J.","contributorId":63052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esmoil","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spears, J. Mark","contributorId":81946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spears","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27600,"text":"wri994075 - 1999 - The Sparta aquifer in Arkansas' critical ground-water areas: Response of the aquifer to supplying future water needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T13:19:40","indexId":"wri994075","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4075","title":"The Sparta aquifer in Arkansas' critical ground-water areas: Response of the aquifer to supplying future water needs","docAbstract":"The Sparta aquifer is a confined aquifer of great regional importance that comprises a sequence of unconsolidated sand, silt, and clay units extending across much of eastern and southeastern Arkansas and into adjoining States. Water use from the aquifer has doubled since 1975 and continues to increase, and large water-level declines are occurring in many areas of the aquifer. To focus State attention and resources on the growing problem and to provide a mechanism for locally based education and management, the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission has designated Critical Ground-Water Areas in some counties (see page 6, ?What is a Critical Ground-Water Area??). Ground-water modeling study results show that the aquifer cannot continue to meet growing water-use demands. Dewatering of the primary producing sands is predicted to occur within 10 years in some areas if current trends continue. The predicted dewatering will cause reduced yields and damage the aquifer. Modeling also shows that a concerted ground-water conservation management plan could enable sustainable use of the aquifer. Water-conservation measures and use of alternative sources that water managers in Union County (an area of high demand and growth in Arkansas' initial five-county Critical Ground-Water Area) think to be realistic options result in considerable recovery in water levels in the aquifer during a 30-year model simulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994075","usgsCitation":"Hays, P.D., and Fugitt, D.T., 1999, The Sparta aquifer in Arkansas' critical ground-water areas: Response of the aquifer to supplying future water needs: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4075, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994075.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310509,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4075/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri994075.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Sparta Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 33.742612777346885\n ],\n [\n -91.73583984374999,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -89.93408203124999,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -90.28564453124999,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -90.90087890624999,\n 34.10725639663118\n ],\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 33.33970700424026\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n -93.0322265625,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 33.02708758002874\n ],\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 33.742612777346885\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hays, Phillip D. 0000-0001-5491-9272 pdhays@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-9272","contributorId":4145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Phillip","email":"pdhays@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fugitt, D. Todd","contributorId":7835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fugitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28850,"text":"wri994150 - 1999 - Hydrology, geomorphology, and flood profiles of the Mendenhall River, Juneau, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T17:30:10","indexId":"wri994150","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4150","title":"Hydrology, geomorphology, and flood profiles of the Mendenhall River, Juneau, Alaska","docAbstract":"Water-surface-profile elevations for the 2-, 20-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year floods were computed for the Mendenhall River near Juneau, Alaska, using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System model. The peak discharges for the selected recurrence intervals were determined using the standard log-Pearson type III method. Channel cross sections were surveyed at 60 locations to define hydraulic characteristics over a 5.5-mile reach of river beginning at Mendenhall Lake outlet and extending to the river mouth. A peak flow of 12,400 cubic feet per second occurred on the Mendenhall River on October 20, 1998. This discharge is equivalent to about a 10-year flood on the Mendenhall River and floodmarks produced by this flood were surveyed and used to calibrate the model. The study area is currently experiencing land-surface uplift rates of about 0.05 foot per year. This high rate of uplift has the potential to cause incision or downcutting of the river channel through lowering of the base level. Vertical datum used in the study area was established about 37 years before the most recent surveys of river-channel geometry. The resulting difference between land-surface elevations and sea level continues to increase. Continuing incision of the river channel combined with increased land-surface elevations with respect to sea level may result in computed flood profiles that are higher than actual existing conditions in the tidally influenced reach of the river.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.3133/wri994150","collaboration":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game, City and Borough of Juneau","usgsCitation":"Neal, E., and Host, R.H., 1999, Hydrology, geomorphology, and flood profiles of the Mendenhall River, Juneau, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4150, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 11 illus.; 2 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994150.","productDescription":"35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 11 illus.; 2 tables","startPage":"1","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":326806,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4150/1999_wrir99-4150.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 99-4150"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.747314453125,\n 59.2377959767454\n ],\n [\n -137.48840332031247,\n 58.430481925680034\n ],\n [\n -135.8953857421875,\n 57.15709923882379\n ],\n [\n -135.90087890625,\n 56.891003302784604\n ],\n [\n -134.615478515625,\n 56.108810038002154\n ],\n [\n -132.8851318359375,\n 56.935984453472\n ],\n [\n -133.7091064453125,\n 58.38731772556939\n ],\n [\n -134.38476562499997,\n 58.77104825721716\n ],\n [\n -134.747314453125,\n 59.2377959767454\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Edward G.","contributorId":68775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Edward G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Host, Randy H.","contributorId":53778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Host","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28613,"text":"wri994175 - 1999 - Methods to determine pumped irrigation-water withdrawals from the Snake River between Upper Salmon Falls and Swan Falls Dams, Idaho, using electrical power data, 1990-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-09T20:25:17","indexId":"wri994175","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4175","title":"Methods to determine pumped irrigation-water withdrawals from the Snake River between Upper Salmon Falls and Swan Falls Dams, Idaho, using electrical power data, 1990-95","docAbstract":"Pumped withdrawals compose most of the irrigation-water diversions from the Snake River between Upper Salmon Falls and Swan Falls Dams in southwestern Idaho. Pumps at 32 sites along the reach lift water as high as 745 feet to irrigate croplands on plateaus north and south of the river. The number of pump sites at which withdrawals are being continuously measured has been steadily decreasing, from 32 in 1990 to 7 in 1998. A cost-effective and accurate means of estimating annual irrigation-water withdrawals at pump sites that are no longer continuously measured was needed. Therefore, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study in 1998, as part of its Water-Use Program, to determine power-consumption coeffi- cients (PCCs) for each pump site so that withdrawals could be estimated by using electrical powerconsumption and total head data. PCC values for each pump site were determined by using withdrawal data that were measured by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1990–92 and 1994–95, energy data reported by Idaho Power Company during the same period, and total head data collected at each site during a field inventory in 1998. Individual average annual withdrawals for the 32 pump sites ranged from 1,120 to 44,480 acre-feet; average PCC values ranged from 103 to 1,248 kilowatthours per acre-foot. During the 1998 field season, power demand, total head, and withdrawal at 18 sites were measured to determine 1998 PCC values. Most of the 1998 PCC values were within 10 percent of the 5-year average, which demonstrates that withdrawals for a site that is no longer continuously measured can be calculated with reasonable accuracy by using the PCC value determined from this study and annual power-consumption data. K-factors, coefficients that describe the amount of energy necessary to lift water, were determined for each pump site by using values of PCC and total head and ranged from 1.11 to 1.89 kilowatthours per acre-foot per foot. Statistical methods were used to define the relations among PCC values and selected pumpsite characteristics. Multiple correlation analysis between average PCC values and total head, total horsepower, and total number of pumps revealed the strongest correlation was between average PCC and total head. Linear regression of these two variables resulted in a strong coefficient of determination R2=0 .9 86) and a representative K-factor of 1.463. Pump sites were subdivided into two groups on the basis of total head—0 to 300 feet and greater than 300 feet. Regression of average PCC values for eight pump sites with total head less than 300 feet produced a good correlation of determination (R2=0.870) and a representative K-factor of 1.682. The second group consisted of 10 pump sites with total head greater than 300 feet; regression produced a correlation of R2=0.939 and a representative K-factor of 1.405. Data on pump-site characteristics were successfully used to determine individual PCC and K-factor values. Statistical relations between pumpsite characteristics and PCC values were defined and used to determine regression equations that resulted in good coefficients of determination and representative K-factors. The individual PCC values will be used in the future to calculate irrigation- water withdrawals at sites that are no longer continuously measured. The representative K-factors and regression equations will be used to calculate irrigation-water withdrawals at sites that have not been previously measured and where total head and power consumption are known.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994175","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Maupin, M.A., 1999, Methods to determine pumped irrigation-water withdrawals from the Snake River between Upper Salmon Falls and Swan Falls Dams, Idaho, using electrical power data, 1990-95 (Revised February 11, 2000): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4175, vi, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994175.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","temporalStart":"1990-01-01","temporalEnd":"1995-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262333,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4175/report.pdf"},{"id":262334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4175/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Owyhee;Twin Falls;Gooding;Elmore;Ada","city":"Murphy;Grand View;Bruneau;Hammett;Glenns Ferry;King Hill;Hagerman","otherGeospatial":"C J Strike Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.6955,42.4619 ], [ -116.6955,43.5149 ], [ -114.52,43.5149 ], [ -114.52,42.4619 ], [ -116.6955,42.4619 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised February 11, 2000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cf3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maupin, Molly A. 0000-0002-2695-5505 mamaupin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-5505","contributorId":951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maupin","given":"Molly","email":"mamaupin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28144,"text":"wri994209 - 1999 - Simulation of stage and hydrologic budget for Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T14:16:42","indexId":"wri994209","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4209","title":"Simulation of stage and hydrologic budget for Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"A model that simulates lake stage was developed to test the current understanding of the hydrology of Shell Lake, Wisconsin and to provide a tool for predicting the effects of withdrawing lake water on future lake stages. The model code is written in Fortran and simulates daily lake stage by summing estimates of hydrologic-budget components - precipitation falling on the lake surface, water evaporating from the lake surface, runoff (consisting of overland flow to the lake and intermittent streams flowing into the lake), and ground-water flow out of the lake.
\nThe model was calibrated to intermittent lake stage measurements for the period 1948-98. The hydrologic budget model was coupled to UCODE, a parameter estimation model, to aid in estimating runoff coefficients. Trends in stage simulated by the calibrated model compare reasonably well with historical stage trends. The root mean square of the differences of simulated and measured daily lake stage for the period 1948-98 is 0.54 foot.
\nPredictive simulations indicate that withdrawing lake water is an effective way of reducing lake stage. Several years of pumping for at least 200 days per year at rates of 1,000 to 2,000 gallons per minute would have been required to reduce 1990's high stages by about one foot.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994209","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Shell Lake, Wisconsin, and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Krohelski, J.T., Feinstein, D.T., and Lenz, B.N., 1999, Simulation of stage and hydrologic budget for Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4209, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994209.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2172,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994209","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4209/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56972,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4209/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Washburn County","otherGeospatial":"Shell Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.02423095703124,\n 45.64380813508572\n ],\n [\n -92.02423095703124,\n 45.82114340079471\n ],\n [\n -91.790771484375,\n 45.82114340079471\n ],\n [\n -91.790771484375,\n 45.64380813508572\n ],\n [\n -92.02423095703124,\n 45.64380813508572\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a2e4b07f02db5bea00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krohelski, J. T.","contributorId":59046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":199290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feinstein, Daniel T. 0000-0003-1151-2530 dtfeinst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-2530","contributorId":1907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinstein","given":"Daniel","email":"dtfeinst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lenz, Bernard N.","contributorId":85170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenz","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":199291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27598,"text":"wri994168 - 1999 - Episodic sediment-discharge events in Cascade Springs, southern Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri994168","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4168","title":"Episodic sediment-discharge events in Cascade Springs, southern Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Cascade Springs is a group of artesian springs in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota, with collective flow of about 19.6 cubic feet per second. Beginning on February 28, 1992, a large discharge of red suspended sediment was observed from two of the six known discharge points. Similar events during 1906-07 and 1969 were documented by local residents and newspaper accounts. Mineralogic and grain-size analyses were performed to identify probable subsurface sources of the sediment. Geochemical modeling was performed to evaluate the geochemical evolution of water discharged from Cascade Springs. Interpretations of results provide a perspective on the role of artesian springs in the regional geohydrologic framework.\r\n\r\nX-ray diffraction mineralogic analyses of the clay fraction of the suspended sediment were compared to analyses of clay-fraction samples taken from nine geologic units at and stratigraphically below the spring-discharge points. Ongoing development of a subsurface breccia pipe(s) in the upper Minnelusa Formation and/or Opeche Shale was identified as a likely source of the suspended sediment; thus, exposed breccia pipes in lower Hell Canyon were examined. Upper Minnelusa Formation breccia pipes in lower Hell Canyon occur in clusters similar to the discrete discharge points of Cascade Springs. Grain-size analyses showed that breccia masses lack clay fractions and have coarser distributions than the wall rocks, which indicates that the red, fine-grained fractions have been carried out as suspended sediment. These findings support the hypothesis that many breccia pipes were formed as throats of abandoned artesian springs.\r\n\r\nGeochemical modeling was used to test whether geochemical evolution of ground water is consistent with this hypothesis. The evolution of water at Cascade Springs could not be suitably simulated using only upgradient water from the Minnelusa aquifer. A suitable model involved dissolution of anhydrite accompanied by dedolomitization in the upper Minnelusa Formation, which is caused by upward leakage of relatively fresh water from the Madison aquifer. The anhydrite dissolution and dedolomitization account for the net removal of minerals that would lead to breccia pipe formation by gravitational collapse. Breccia pipes in the lower Minnelusa Formation are uncommon; however, networks of interconnected breccia layers and breccia dikes are common. These networks, along with vertical fractures and faults, are likely pathways for transmitting upward leakage from the Madison aquifer.\r\n\r\nIt is concluded that suspended sediment discharged at Cascade Springs probably results from episodic collapse brecciation that is caused by subsurface dissolution of anhydrite beds and cements of the upper Minnelusa Formation, accompanied by replacement of dolomite by calcite. It is further concluded that many breccia pipes probably are the throats of artesian springs that have been abandoned and exposed by erosion. The locations of artesian spring-discharge points probably have been shifting outwards from the center of the Black Hills uplift, essentially keeping pace with regional erosion over geologic time. Thus, artesian springflow probably is a factor in controlling water levels in the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers, with hydraulic head declining over geologic time, in response to development of new discharge points.\r\n\r\nDevelopment of breccia pipes as throats of artesian springs would greatly enhance vertical hydraulic conductivity in the immediate vicinity of spring-discharge points. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the Minnelusa Formation also may be enhanced by dissolution processes related to upward leakage from the Madison aquifer. Potential processes could include dissolution resulting from leakage in the vicinity of breccia pipes that are abandoned spring throats, active spring discharge, development of subsurface breccias with no visible surface expression or spring discharge, as well as general areal leakage ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994168","usgsCitation":"Hayes, T., 1999, Episodic sediment-discharge events in Cascade Springs, southern Black Hills, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4168, iv, 34 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994168.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2187,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602077","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Timothy Scott","contributorId":97151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Timothy Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28986,"text":"wri994145 - 1999 - Strontium distribution coefficients of basalt and sediment infill samples from the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri994145","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4145","title":"Strontium distribution coefficients of basalt and sediment infill samples from the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994145","usgsCitation":"Pace, M.N., Rosentreter, J.J., and Bartholomay, R.C., 1999, Strontium distribution coefficients of basalt and sediment infill samples from the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4145, iv, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994145.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95739,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4145/report.pdf","size":"3667","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4145/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4b14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pace, Mary N.","contributorId":101706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pace","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosentreter, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":106161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosentreter","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29798,"text":"wri994149 - 1999 - Hydrogeology and ground-water flow of the shallow aquifer system at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T13:13:14","indexId":"wri994149","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4149","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water flow of the shallow aquifer system at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994149","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.S., 1999, Hydrogeology and ground-water flow of the shallow aquifer system at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4149, v, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994149.","productDescription":"v, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4149/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":274646,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4149/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6256eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Barry S.","contributorId":21532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30256,"text":"wri974082A - 1999 - Environmental setting of the Willamette basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:43:43","indexId":"wri974082A","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4082","chapter":"A","title":"Environmental setting of the Willamette basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Willamette Basin, Oregon, is one of more than 50 large river basins and aquifer systems (referred to as study units) across the United States where the status and trends of water quality and the factors controlling water quality are being studied by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The 12,000-square-mile Willamette Basin Study Unit consists of the Willamette and Sandy River Basins, which are tributary to the Columbia River. The Willamette River is the 13th largest in the conterminous United States in terms of discharge and is the largest of all major United States rivers in terms of discharge per square mile of drainage area. The environmental setting of a study unit includes all natural and human related, land based factors that have the potential to influence the physical, chemical, and/or biological quality of its surface and ground water resources. For the Willamette Basin, these include primarily ecoregions, hydrogeology, climate, hydrology, land use/land cover, and crop types.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974082A","usgsCitation":"Uhrich, M.A., and Wentz, D.A., 1999, Environmental setting of the Willamette basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4082, vi, 20 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974082A.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4082a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59045,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4082a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2438,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://oregon.usgs.gov/pubs_dir/Pdf/97-4082a.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5fec42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uhrich, Mark A. 0000-0002-5202-8086 mauhrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-8086","contributorId":1149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhrich","given":"Mark","email":"mauhrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":202944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27700,"text":"wri984205 - 1999 - Arsenic in ground water of the Willamette Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:09:15","indexId":"wri984205","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4205","title":"Arsenic in ground water of the Willamette Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"In response to increasing demands on ground-water resources in the Willamette Basin, Oregon (fig. 1), the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a cooperative study of the basin’s ground-water resources in 1996. This study was designed to increase the current understanding of the ground-water resource, and to better characterize the distribution of naturally occurring poor quality ground water in the basin. Essential components of the study of the physical ground-water resource are the development of a quantitative understanding of regional ground-water availability and flow, and of ground-water/surface-water interactions. Of paramount interest in the characterization of naturally occurring poor-quality ground water in the Willamette Basin is the distribution of arsenic in ground water, the subject of this report.
\nArsenic contaminates many regional aquifer systems worldwide (Cantor, 1996; Thornton, 1996), and arsenic commonly is detected in ground water of the Willamette Basin at concentrations exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) current drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50 µg/L (micrograms per liter) (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996). Arsenic is associated with a number of adverse effects on human health. The USEPA considers arsenic to be a human carcinogen (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996). Examples of other adverse health effects attributed to consumption of arsenic range from weakness and abdominal pain to neurological and cardiovascular problems. A review of health effects associated with consumption of arsenic is given in a report by World Health Organization (1996).
\n\n
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri984205","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Water Resources Department","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S.R., and Polette, D.J., 1999, Arsenic in ground water of the Willamette Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4205, Report: iv, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 24.01 x 35.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984205.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 24.01 x 35.00 inches","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158846,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri984205.PNG"},{"id":311175,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4205/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.49731445312499,\n 42.99661231842139\n ],\n [\n -123.49731445312499,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 42.99661231842139\n ],\n [\n -123.49731445312499,\n 42.99661231842139\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672d89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Polette, Danial J. dpolette@usgs.gov","contributorId":1100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polette","given":"Danial","email":"dpolette@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}